Sl.

No

EXPERIMENTS

1.

Flow Through orifice

2.

Flow over notches

a) Flow Through Rectangular Notch.
b) Flow Through Triangular Notch.
c) Flow Through Trpizoidal Notch.

3.

4.

Friction Through Pipe (Minor Losses)

a) For sudden enlargement.
b) For Sudden Contraction.
c) For 900 Bend.
d) For Elbow
Friction through pipe (Major losses)

5.

Impact of Jet

6.

Flow Through venturimeter

7.

Flow through orificemeter

8.

Single stage Centrifugal Pump

9.

Efficiency of the Francis Turbine

10.

Air Blower

11.

Air Compressor

12.

Reciprocating Pump

13.

Pelton Wheel Turbine

FLOW THROUGH ORIFICE

AIM: - To determine hydraulic co-efficient for a given orifice
INSTRUMENT AND EQUIPMENTS REQUIRED
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Orifice Apparatus.
Orifice Plate.
VernierCalliper.
Stop Watch.
Scale.

THEORY: - A small hole made inside or bottom of the tank is called orifice.
HYDRAULIC CO-EFFICIENTS ARE
1. Co-efficient of velocity.
2. Co-efficient of Discharge.
3. Co-efficient of contraction.
1. CO-EFFICIENT OF VELOCITY:- The ratio of actual velocity of jet of Vena-Contracta(Vc)
to that of the Theoretical velocity(Vth).
Mathematically
Cv

x2
4YH

OR Cv

x
4YH

CO-EFFICIENT OF VELOCITY
3. C0-EFFICIENT OF CONTRACTION CC
The ratio of area of jet at Vena-Contrancta to the area of orifice is called co-efficient of
contraction & is denoted by CC
2. CO-EFFICIENT OF DISCHARGE (Cd):- It is defined as the ration of actual discharge from
an orifice to the theoretical discharge. It is denoted by Cd
Qact = Actual discharge
Qth = Theoretical Discharge

Mathematically
Q actual is measured by with the help of collecting tank/ measuring tank.
If
L
=
Length of collecting tank
B
=
Breadth of collecting tank
Then A
=
Area of tank in m2
&
d
=
Depth of collecting tank in m.
t
=
Time of collection water in seconds
Then volume of water collected
V

So Qact

Axd
A d

Theoretical discharge Qthe is given by Qthe is given by

Qthe a 2 gH
Cd
Then

Qact
Qthe