Start-up for Wednesday, March 20,

2013
1. Name the five agents of disease.
2. Why do doctors prescribe
antibiotics? Why dont they always
work?
3. Describe three ways in which
diseases are spread.
4. How can we prevent the spread of
disease?

Chapter 40-2 and 40-3 Pgs 1034 1044

Obj A) Compare the nonspecific and
specific forms of immune defense
Obj B) Summarize the nonspecific
inflammatory response.
Obj C) Summarize the role of antigens and
antibodies during specific immune defense.
Obj D) Summarize humoral and cellmediated immunity
Obj E) Compare active and passive
immunity
Obj F) Identify and summarize two immune
system disorders

Your body has 5 forms of INITIAL

defense against disease. Can you
The
Skin: Nonspecific
name
them?

defense

Immunity

Obj A) Compare the nonspecific and specific forms of immune

defense

Specific:

Nonspecific:
1. Humoral immunity
1. Skin, Tears,
= ANTIBODIES
Saliva, Mucus, 2. Cell-mediated
immunity = Helper T
Sweat
Cells (happens
2. WBC=
during Humoral
Phagocytes &
Immunity
Macrophages
sometimes)
3. Histamines= 3. Types include
Passive/Active=
swelling
depends on type of
exposure

How do you think your body responds

Obj B) Summarize the nonspecific inflammatory response.
when there is danger of a pathogen
entering?
Inflammatory Response =

Pain, redness, and swelling

Skin

Wound
Phagocytes engulf
bacteria and debris

White Blood Cells try to capture and

Bacteria enter
destroy
before pathogens enter the
wound
Capillary
blood

bacterium in the immune

system:

Obj C) Summarize the role of antigens and antibodies

1.
Police
during specific immune defense.

Antigen:
1. Criminal
2. Invading
foreign
substance
3. Pathogen or
Toxic chemical
4. Elicits the
immune
response

2. anti=against
3. Bodys reaction
to an antigen
invasion
4. Blood protein
5. Made in the
immune response
by plasma B cells

Obj C) Summarize the role of antigens and antibodies

during specific immune defense.

Antibodies and Antigens

Antigen
Binding
Sites

Antigen

Antibody

Obj C) Summarize the role of antigens and antibodies

during
specific
immune defense.
Green
antibody
battles a red

antigen!

Antigen-antibody
complex:

Unique chemical fit

Once infected the antibody memory
is stored=
Immunity or protection when invaded
again
Vaccinations = antibodies

Obj D) Summarize humoral and cell-mediated immunity

Analyze the following. What do you think is ultimately produced
from
humoral
immunity?
Humoral
Immunity
Specific
Defense
Produces antibodies
Bacteria With Antigens
on Surface

Bacterial antigens
= memory
also stimulate B
cells
Helper T cell and
B cell B cells become
antibodyproducing plasma
cell

T cell binds to
activated
T cell macrophage
Macrophage

Macrophage
engulfs a
bacterium

Antigens are
displayed on
surface

Becomes a
Helper T cell

Active B cells
produce clones
of memory cells

Plasma cell
produces
antibody proteins

Antibodies bind to bacterial

antigens, helping immune cells
identify and destroy bacteria

antibodies = Humoral
Immunity:

Obj D) Summarize humoral and cell-mediated immunity

Cell-Mediated
Immunity =Specific
Specific
Defense
Cell-Defense

mediated
Killer T destroys
infected cell

Macrophage
Helper T Cell

Killer T Cell

T Cell
Infected Cell

What type of immune cells does HIV destroy?

Helper T Cells

Specific Defense

Obj E) Compare active and passive

immunity
Active=Natural exposure (SELF) elicits
immune response or vaccination
Passive= from mother or injection of
antibodies

Obj F) Identify and summarize two immune system

disorders
1) Allergies

Antigens from allergens bind to

mast (immune) cells
Histamines cause side effects
runny nose, watery eyes, itching

2. Autoimmune diseases
Immune system makes a mistake
= attacks our own cells

Examples:
AIDS
Strep throat
Multiple sclerosis
Juvenile diabetes

Obj F) Identify and summarize two immune system

disorders
Symptoms
Loss of
Infection:
Almost total
such as
immune
Immune
loss of
swollen
function more cellular
system
lymph nodes apparent;
eliminates
immunity:
appearance of AIDS
most of HIV are few
characteristic
diseases such
as yeast
Helper T
infections
Cells

HIV
Stages of HIV Infection

Understanding Check
1. Identify at least two of the bodys

1st lines of non-specific defense.

2. How are antigens and antibodies
related?
3. What do vaccinations cause the
body to produce through humoral
immunity?
4. Why was (is) HIV such a dangerous
virus?