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electricitatesielectronica
principii
Proceduri desiguranta
Orice activitate practica inrelatie cusisteme
electrice sau electronice necesita masuri de
siguranta pentru siguranta proprie si aaltora
Utilizati bunul simt
Inainte deaactiona,informativa!
Reducerea riscului
Electrocutare
Bateria auto
Motoare infunctiune
Gazedeevacuare
Deplasarea sarcinilor
Scurtcircuite
Foc
Probleme alepielii
2/27/2013
Introducere
Molecula cea mai micapartedintrosubstanta ce
pastreaza compozitia chimica si structura acesteia
Conductori si izolatori
Cu
Stratul K
2e
Stratul L
8e
Stratul M
18e
Stratul N
32e
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Semiconductori
Germaniu
reprezentare
2Daretelei
cubice
Structura cristalina tipica
Cristalde
germaniu dopat
cu arsen
cuarsen
(semiconductor
detipn)
Semiconductori tipici:
Si,Ge
Elemente dedopare:
detipn:As,Sb,P
detipp:B,Al,Ga
Cristalde
germaniu dopat
cuindiu
(semiconductor
detipp)
Fenomenul electric
Electricitatea proprietate fizica fundamentala amateriei ce se
manifesta prin ansamblul fenomenelor legatedeaparitia,miscarea si
interactiunea corpurilor purtatoare desarcina electrica.
conductor
Teoria electronului
Teoria conventionala
Teoria deplasarii golului (holeflow)
Semiconductori jonctiunea pn
2/27/2013
6.241506x1018
electroni pe secunda =1Amper
= 1 Amper
dQ
dt
; i (t )
d q (t )
dt
Debitsarcini
electrice
Debitfluid
Analogii
presiune
mare
tensiune
mare
tensiune
mica
presiune
mica
Relee,motoare,generatoare
Acumulatori,acoperiri galvanice,
electroeroziune
Termocuple
Generatoare
Efect magnetic(campmagnetic)
Baterii
Efect chimic
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Quantity
UnitName
UnitSymbol
Voltage (V)
Volt
V
V
Electromotiveforce(emf) Volt
Ampere(amp)
A
Electriccurrent (I)
Ohm
Resistance (R)
Impedance(Z)
Ohm
Watt
W
Electricpower (P)
dBm
dBm
Electricpower (P)
VoltAmpere
VAR
Reactivepower (Q)
Reactive
VoltAmpere
VA
Apparentpower (S)
Farad
F
Capacitance (C)
Henry
H
Inductance (L)
S
Conductance(G)
siemens/mho
S
Admittance(Y)
siemens/mho
Coulomb
C
Electriccharge (Q)
Amperehour
Ah
Electriccharge (Q)
Resistivity()
Ohmmeter
m
Conductivity()
siemenspermeter
S/m
lectric field ((E))
Newtonspercoulomb
Newtons
per coulomb
N/C
Electricfield
Magneticfield(B)
Tesla
T
Magneticfield(B)
Gauss
G
Wb
Magneticflux()
Weber
Energy(E)
Joule
J
Energy(E)
Kilowatthour
KWh
Hz
Frequency(f)
Hertz
Time(t)
Seconds
s
Length(l)
Meter
m
Area(A)
Squaremeter
m2
0 = 107/4c2 [F/m]
0 = 410-7 [N/A2]
c = (0 0)-1/2= 299.792.458m/s
Volt(V)
Volt istheelectricalunitofvoltage.
Onevoltistheenergyof1joulethatisconsumedwhenelectricchargeof1coulombflowsinthe
circuit.
1V=1J/1C
Ampere(A)
Ampere istheelectricalunitofelectricalcurrent.Itmeasurestheamountofelectricalchargethat
flowsinanelectricalcircuitper1second.
1A=1C/1s
Ohm()
Ohm istheelectricalunitofresistance.
1=1V/1A
Watt(W)
Watt istheelectricalunitofelectricpower.Itmeasurestherateofconsumedenergy.
1W=1J/1s
1W=1V1A
dBm
dBm isaunitofelectricpower,measuredindBmilliwatts.
1dBm=10log10(1.2589mW/1mW)
Farad(F)
Farad istheunitofcapacitance.Itrepresentstheamountofelectriccharge incoulombs thatis
storedper1volt.
1F=1C/1V
Henry(H)
Henryistheunitofinductance.
1H=1Wb/1A
siemens (S)
siemens istheunitofconductance,whichistheoppositeofresistance.
1S=1/1
Coulomb(C)
Coulombistheunitofelectriccharge.
1C=6.2387921018 electroncharges
Amperehour(Ah)
Amperehourisaunitofelectriccharge.
Oneamperehouristheelectricchargethatflowinelectricalcircuit,whenacurrentof1ampereis
appliedfor1hour.
1Ah=1A 1hour
Oneamperehourisequalto3600coulombs.
1Ah=3600C
Tesla(T)
Teslaistheunitofmagneticfield.
1T=1Wb/1m2
Weber(Wb)
Weberistheunitofmagneticflux.
1Wb=1V 1s
Joule(J)
Jouleistheunitofenergy.
1J=1kg1(m/s)2
Hertz(Hz)
Hertzistheunitoffrequency.Itmeasuresthenumberofcyclespersecond.
1Hz=1cycles/s
P = RI2
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Circuite electrice
Simbol general
pentru sursele de
tensiune
Sursdetensiune
Continu(DC)
Sursdetensiune
alternativ(AC)
sau
Rezistorul
Rezistivitate
Lungime
Ariasectiunii
Numar spire
Reluctanta magnetica
Inductanta
Condensatorul
Permitivitate electrica
Ariaplacilor
Distanta dintre placi
n nodul A
n nodul B
n nodul C
II.Legea ochiurilor
conectare serie
2/27/2013
Teorema I Kirchhoff iA = iB
Re = RA + RB
Teorema I Kirchhoff i = iA + iB
Divizor de tensiune
Teorema II Kirchhoff uA = uB
1
1
1
Re R A RB
Divizor de curent
Magnetismsi electromagnetism
Inductia mutuala:
Curent primar
N
Nsp.primar/Nsp.secundar
i
/N
d
Frecv.
P1P2(efect Jouleredus)
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Definitii si legi
Legea lui Ohm
Legea lui Lenz
Legile lui Kirchhoff
Legea lui Faraday
Regula lui Fleming(amainii drepte)
Legea lui Ampere
Legile lui Murphy:Daccevapoatesmeargprost,vamergeprost.
Oricecautiveigasiinultimullocincareteuiti.
Peautostrada,pebandapecarenuestisemergemairepede