Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
Facultatea de Silvicultur
Aplicaia 2
km 2
naional.
Terenul forestier n Italia este mprit n privat (60%) i proprietate public (40%). 95% din
pdurile italiene sunt concentrate n zonele de deal i de munte i cele mai productive sunt
situate n regiunile de nord-est.
1.1 Funcii de protecie
1990
Italia
2000
2005
2010
6816.0
7375.0
7654.0
7933.0
..
..
264.0
..
1141.0
1112.0
1097.0
1082.0
..
..
86.0
..
7957.0
8487.0
8751.0
9015.0
..
..
350.0
..
Total
Solul, apa i alte funcii ale
ecosistemului forestier
Subclas MCPFE, Clasa 3
Natura-2000, zone cu funcii de
protecie n afara
MCPFE Clasa 3
Protecia solului i a apei este cel mai important obiectiv n gestionarea pdurilor
italiene, datorit caracteristicilor morfologice neregulate ale rii. n acelai timp cerin ele
populaiei pentru agrement au crescut semnificativ n ultima perioad.
1.2 Pduri productive
Se nregistreaz 800.000 ntreprinderi private, cu o suprafa medie de 5 ha i 7.000
ntreprinderi publice cu o suprafa medie mai mare de 300 ha. Gospodrirea din trecut a
pdurilor i pune accentul pe starea lor actual. Aproape jumtate din suprafaa pduroas
este tratat n crng, datorit unei exploatri ce a urmrit producia de lemn de foc, lemn de
construcii i lemn de dimensiuni mici. Gospodrirea pdurii private dup modelul rilor
central i nord europene este iluzorie, cci acestea nu au un plan de exploatare, sunt slab
productive, extrem de rrite, deci o valoare foarte mic.
Tabelul 1.2
1990
2000
2005
2010
31784.0
4004.8
27779.2
13336.5
34510.0
4348.3
30161.7
14326.9
35872.0
4519.9
31352.1
13298.1
37235.0
4691.6
32543.4
12754.7
mas este recoltat. Cauzele principale sunt lipsa de infrastructuri, dificulti de acces, regim
strict de protecie pentru ariile protejate, valoarea economic insuficient a lemnului. Acest
lucru ne scoate n eviden faptul c biomasa total a pdurilor este n cretere.
Tabelul 1.3
Zona pdurilor(Indicator 1.1)
1990
2000
2005
2010
Pdure
7590.0
8369.0
8759.0
9149.0
6707.9
7396.3
7741.0
8085.7
1533.0
1650.0
1708.0
1767.0
9123.0
10019.0
10467.0
10916.0
Alte terenuri
20288.0
19392.0
18944.0
18495.0
Italia
Activitile forestiere primare ofer 9 milioane de metri cubi de lemn anual pentru
pentru industria forestier. Tierea i transportul lemnului din pdure s-au schimbat n ultimii
ani, o parte tot mai mare a activitii fiind mecanizat.
Tabelul 1.4
Volumul pe Specii
1990
2000
2005
2010
Italia
Volumul total
Volume: Conifere
925.90
1154.90
1269.40
1384.00
321.50
412.80
458.50
504.20
Volume: Foioase
604.40
742.10
810.90
879.80
859.89
1072.56
1178.90
1285.33
293.38
376.70
418.40
460.10
566.83
695.98
760.50
825.12
Observm faptul c predomin foioasele, iar volumul acestora este ntr-o continu
cretere.
2. Producia pe sortimente
Domain
Forestry Production and Trade
Forestry Production and Trade
Forestry Production and Trade
Forestry Production and Trade
Forestry Production and Trade
Forestry Production and Trade
Forestry Production and Trade
Forestry Production and Trade
Forestry Production and Trade
Forestry Production and Trade
Forestry Production and Trade
Forestry Production and Trade
Forestry Production and Trade
Forestry Production and Trade
Forestry Production and Trade
Forestry Production and Trade
Forestry Production and Trade
Forestry Production and Trade
Forestry Production and Trade
Forestry Production and Trade
Forestry Production and Trade
Forestry Production and Trade
Forestry Production and Trade
Forestry Production and Trade
Forestry Production and Trade
Forestry Production and Trade
Forestry Production and Trade
Forestry Production and Trade
Forestry Production and Trade
Forestry Production and Trade
Forestry Production and Trade
Forestry Production and Trade
Forestry Production and Trade
Forestry Production and Trade
Forestry Production and Trade
Forestry Production and Trade
Forestry Production and Trade
Forestry Production and Trade
Forestry Production and Trade
Forestry Production and Trade
Forestry Production and Trade
Forestry Production and Trade
Tabelul 2.1
Country
Italy
Italy
Italy
Italy
Italy
Italy
Italy
Italy
Italy
Italy
Italy
Italy
Italy
Italy
Italy
Italy
Italy
Italy
Italy
Italy
Italy
Italy
Italy
Italy
Italy
Italy
Italy
Italy
Italy
Italy
Italy
Italy
Italy
Italy
Italy
Italy
Italy
Italy
Italy
Italy
Italy
Italy
Element
Production
Production
Production
Production
Production
Production
Production
Production
Production
Production
Production
Production
Production
Production
Production
Production
Production
Production
Production
Production
Production
Production
Production
Production
Production
Production
Production
Production
Production
Production
Production
Production
Production
Production
Production
Production
Production
Production
Production
Production
Production
Production
Item
Newsprint
Newsprint
Newsprint
Newsprint
Newsprint
Newsprint
Newsprint
Newsprint
Newsprint
Newsprint
Newsprint
Wood Pellets
Wood Pellets
Chips and Particles
Chips and Particles
Chips and Particles
Chips and Particles
Chips and Particles
Chips and Particles
Chips and Particles
Chips and Particles
Chips and Particles
Chips and Particles
Chips and Particles
Wood Fuel(C)
Wood Fuel(C)
Wood Fuel(C)
Wood Fuel(C)
Wood Fuel(C)
Wood Fuel(C)
Wood Fuel(C)
Wood Fuel(C)
Wood Fuel(C)
Wood Fuel(C)
Wood Fuel(C)
Wood Fuel(NC)
Wood Fuel(NC)
Wood Fuel(NC)
Wood Fuel(NC)
Wood Fuel(NC)
Wood Fuel(NC)
Wood Fuel(NC)
Year
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2012
2013
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
Unit
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
m3
m3
m3
m3
m3
m3
m3
m3
m3
m3
m3
m3
m3
m3
m3
m3
m3
m3
m3
m3
m3
m3
m3
m3
m3
m3
m3
m3
m3
Value
182000.00
193000.00
191210.00
218652.00
198434.00
221288.00
211302.00
181334.00
193207.00
127059.00
51805.00
300000.00
300000.00
504000.00
510000.00
505000.00
530000.00
530000.00
530000.00
420000.00
2000000.00
1096000.00
1096000.00
1200000.00
446000.00
501833.00
407631.00
532526.00
445330.00
492373.00
581102.00
674514.00
679275.00
679275.00
679280.00
5134000.00
5312244.00
5265832.00
5072990.00
4688531.00
5180969.00
4771157.00
Flag
*
*
Flag Description
Official data
Official data
Official data
Official data
Official data
Official data
Official data
Official data
Official data
Official data
Official data
Unofficial figure
Unofficial figure
Official data
Official data
Official data
Official data
Official data
Official data
Official data
Official data
Official data
Official data
Official data
Official data
Official data
Official data
Official data
Official data
Official data
Official data
Official data
Official data
Official data
FAO estimate
Official data
Official data
Official data
Official data
Official data
Official data
Official data
Italy
Italy
Italy
Italy
Italy
Italy
Italy
Italy
Italy
Italy
Italy
Italy
Italy
Italy
Italy
Italy
Italy
Italy
Italy
Italy
Italy
Production
Production
Production
Production
Production
Production
Production
Production
Production
Production
Production
Production
Production
Production
Production
Production
Production
Production
Production
Production
Production
Wood Fuel(NC)
Wood Fuel(NC)
Wood Fuel(NC)
Wood Fuel(NC)
Sawnwood (C)
Sawnwood (C)
Sawnwood (C)
Sawnwood (C)
Wood Pellets
Wood Pellets
Sawnwood (NC)
Sawnwood (NC)
Sawnwood (NC)
Sawnwood (NC)
Sawnwood (NC)
Sawnwood (NC)
Sawnwood (NC)
Sawnwood (NC)
Sawnwood (NC)
Sawnwood (NC)
Sawnwood (NC)
2010
2011
2012
2013
2003
2004
2005
2006
2012
2013
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
m3
m3
m3
m3
m3
m3
m3
m3
tonnes
tonnes
m3
m3
m3
m3
m3
m3
m3
m3
m3
m3
m3
4522045.00
4709213.00
4709213.00
4709210.00
710000.00
753000.00
790000.00
948000.00
300000.00
300000.00
880000.00
827000.00
800000.00
800000.00
800000.00
700000.00
550000.00
500000.00
500000.00
520000.00
500000.00
*
*
Official data
Official data
Official data
FAO estimate
Official data
Official data
Official data
Official data
Unofficial figure
Unofficial figure
Official data
Official data
Official data
Official data
Official data
Official data
Official data
Official data
Official data
Official data
Official data
Industria italian a lemnului este rezultatul unei vechi tradi ii n fabricarea lemnului de
lucru. Recoltarea din ultimii ani este anual aproximativ 8 milioane de metri cubi din care
aproape 70% este lemn pentru combustibil. Restul lemnului extras este folosit pentru
fabricarea cherestelei, celulozei, pelei etc.
3. Importuri i Exporturi pe care Polonia le-a realizat cu principalele trei ri, nTabelul
funcie1.6
de cantitate.
Exporturi
Unitate
Nume Partener
Denumire
2013
a de
Date
msur
m3
Austria
Lemn Rotund Industrial( C-N)
285.237
Official data
Germania
1.812
m3
China
615
Austria
Furnir/Placaj
6.098
m3
Germania
Furnir/Placaj
31.000
China
Furnir/Placaj
71
m3
Official data
Austria
Cherestea
15.910
m3
Official data
Official data
Official data
Official data
Official data
Germania
Cherestea
11.582
China
Cherestea
14.251
m3
Official data
2.103
m3
Official data
75
m3
Official data
4.538
m3
Official data
91
2.103
4
tone
tone
tone
Official data
Official data
Official data
Austria
Germania
China
Austria
Germania
China
Official data
Tabelul 3.1
Importuri
Nume Partener
Denumire
2013
Germania
107.000
Unitatea
de
msur
3
m
Frana
1.021.000
m3
Date
Official data
Official data
Austria
566.502
m3
Official data
Germania
Furnir/Placaj
4.000
m3
Official data
Frana
Furnir/Placaj
8.214
Austria
Furnir/Placaj
21.000
m3
Germania
Cherestea
829.000
Frana
Cherestea
65.850
m3
Official data
Austria
Cherestea
2.349.466
m3
Official data
1.000
m3
Official data
93.107
m3
Official data
313.307
m3
Official data
156.000
143.000
47.000
tone
tone
tone
Official data
Official data
Official data
Germania
Frana
Austria
Germania
Frana
Austria
Official data
Official data
Official data
Putem observa c principalul partener comercial al Italiei este Austria. Este cel mai
3
mare furnizor de cherestea al Poloniei (2.349.466 m ). n Frana de asemenea se export o
3
cantitate mare de lemn brut, aproximativ 1 mil. m . Italia se numr printre rile cu cea mai
Bibliografie:
1. http://www.unece.org/
2. http://faostat3.fao.org/home/E
3. http://www.isprambiente.gov.it/