Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
Organe de Maini II
2013
CUPRINS
Contents
INTRODUCERE.............................................................................................................................3
MEMORIULTEHNIC.....................................................................................................................4
TEMATICA I SCHEMA STRUCTURAL-CONSTRUCTIV....................................................4
CALCULUL DE PREDIMENSIONARE A ANGRENAJELOR...................................................7
Schema cinematica la scara...........................................................................................................13
Calculul de verificare a angrenajului cilindric (cu Mdesign)........................................................16
Calculul fortelor din angrenaje......................................................................................................38
Calculul arborilor...........................................................................................................................40
Proiectarea formei constructive.....................................................................................................42
Calculul de verificare arbore intermediar ( cu Mdesign)...............................................................44
Alegerea i verificarea montajului cu rulmeni al arborelui intermediar.......................................84
SCHEMA DE CALCUL................................................................................................................85
Alegerea i verificarea asamblrii prin pan paralel dintre roata conic i arborele intermediar 86
Alegerea i justificarea sistemului de ungere................................................................................90
Alegerea i justificarea dispozitivelor de etanare.........................................................................92
Conic..............................................................................................................................................93
Cilindric.........................................................................................................................................94
INTRODUCERE
Scopul proiectului de an la disciplina Organe de maini este s dezvolte abilitile
practice ale studenilor de proiectare i sintetizare a cunotinelor de mecanic, rezistena
materialelor, tehnologia materialelor i reprezentare grafic n decursul anilor I i II, precum i
modul n care acetia pot rezolva n mod independent o lucrare de proiectare, pe baza
algoritmilor, metodelor specifice i programelor din domeniu.
MEMORIULTEHNIC
c
d
e
Planul axelor roilor angrenajului cilindric (PACilindric): orizontal (O) sau vertical (V)
Tipul danturii angrenajului conic (TD): dreapt (D), curb n arc de cerc (C) sau curb
eloid (E).
n tabelul 1.1 se prezint valorile parametrilor fizici i geometrici impuse pentru o situaie
practic cerut.
ni
[rot/min]
1500
Pi [kW]
5
1.1
iR
Lh [ore]
PAConic
PACilindric
TDC
13
7000
SCHEMA STRUCTURAL-CONSTRUCTIV
n fig. 1.2 se prezint schema structural-constructiv general a reductoarelor conicocilindrice n dou trepte. Din punct de vedere funcional se evideniaz urmtoare elemente: I
angrenaj conic ortogonal cu dantur nclinit (curb); II angrenaj cilindic cu dantur nclinat;
1I pinion conic; 2I roat conic; 1II pinion cilindric; 2II roat cilindric; A1 arborele de
A
intrare; A2 arborele intermediar; A3 arborele de ieire; L A - lagrul A al arborelui A1;
1
LBA
arborelui A2;
L AA
L AA
LBA
- lagrul B al
Din punct de vedere constructiv, reductorul de turaie formeaz un ansamblu compus din
subansamble i elemente constructive. Subansamblele sunt structuri independente, care se
evideniaz printr-un grup compact compus, n configuraie minimal, din cel puin dou
elemente constructive sau din alte subansamble i elemente constructive, n interaciune
permanent, formate inndu-se cont, cu precdere, de tehnologiile de montaj, de ntreinere i de
exploatare.
n cazul reductoarelor conico-cilindrice din fig. 1.2 se definesc urmtoarele subansamble:
SA
SC subasamblul carcas;
- subansamblul arborelui de intrare, format din pinionul conic
1
A
(1I) fixat pe arborele de intrare (A1) care la rndul su este fixat pe dou lagre ( L A
SA
LBA
din roata conic (2I) i pinionul cilindric (1II) fixate pe arborele intermediar (A2) care la rndul
A
su este fixat pe dou lagre ( L A
subansamblul arborelui de intrare, format din roata cilindric (2II) fixat pe arborele de ieire (A3)
A
LBA ), se sprijin pe subansamblul
care la rndul su este fixat pe dou lagre ( L A i
3
carcasa SC.
1.2
Reductorul de turaie de
proiectat
are
dou
trepte
(angrenaje). n vederea obineri
unei structuri optime (roile
conduse cvasiegale) se impune ca
raportul de transmitere al treptei I
(angrenajul conic) iI = 0,25 iR=
3.25[Jula,
1985;
Moldovean,
2002].
Raportul de transmitere al
treptei a II-a (angrenajul cilindric),
iII = iR/ iI = 4 .(1.1)
CALCULUL DE PREDIMENSIONARE A
ANGRENAJELOR
2.1
CALCULUL DE PREDIMENSIONAREA A
ANGRENAJULUI CONIC
I. Date de proiectare
a
b
c
d
= 31830.98 Nmm.(2.1)
30 6 P1
10
n1
sin
ucos
= 19,
2= 1 =71.(2.2)
III.
Materialul
Tratamentul termic
18MoMnNi13
cementar
Succesiune
Calculul de predimensionare
1 3 2T 1 K A K v K H K H Z E Z Z H
me =
z 1 d (1 d sin 1 )2
HP
sin
u sin 1
= 4.3364mm,
(2.3)
1 3 2T 1 z 1 K A K v K F K F Y Y Sa Y Fa
2
z1
FP
d (1 d sin 1)
max
=2.1326mm
(2.4)
unde,z1 = 12, 3.25 = u z2 = 39, KA=1,25, Kv= 1,3, d=0,4, NL1=60 n1 Lh = 1.35*109cicluri,
NL2=60n1Lh /ur = 4.15*109cicluri, KH =1,8, KH = 1,3, Z = 0,92, ZH = 2,8, ZE = 190 MPa1/2,
SHmin= 1, ZN1 = 1, ZN2 = 1, ZN = min (ZN1, ZN2)=1, SHmin= 1, HP = Hlim ZN /SHmin = 1260,87 MPa,
KF = 1,8, KF = 1,8, Y = 0,77, Y= 0,92, YSa1=1.8, YSa2=1.8, YFa1 = 2.5, YFa2 = 2,5, SFmin = 1,5,
YN1,2 = 1, SFmin = 1,5, YST =2, FP1,2 = FlimYN1,2/ SFminYST = 533,33 MPa.
Din relaiile (2.3) i (2.4) rezult c solicitarea principal a angrenajului este la contact i se
consider pentru calcule, n continuare, mmn= 1.86mm.Se va adoptammn STAS= 2 .
IV.
Duriti
(fer. AEV-C.2.5)
Factorii deplasrilor tangeniale,
=0.126
Pentru dantur curb Gleason se adopt factorii deplasrilor xsm1,2 i xhm1,2 din fer. AEV-P.2.2
Pentru dantur curb eloid se consider: xsm1,2 = 0 i xhm1,2= 0
Calculul parametrilor geometrici principali ai angrenajului
; Re=56.45 ; de1= 33.20 ; de2= 107.91 ;b= 13
2.2
I.
a.
b.
Date de proiectare
Turaia la intrare (pinion), n1 [rot/min].
Puterea la intrare, P1 [kW], i din fer.
rezult
valoarea
momentului
de
torsiune,
[Nmm] sau momentul de torsiune la intrare (pinion),
Mt (T1) [Nmm] i din fer. rezult puterea la intrare,
[kW].
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
Raportul de angrenare, u.
Durata de funcionare, Lh [ore].
Numrul de angrenaje identice n paralel, .
Tipul danturii danturii: dreapt, nclinat sau n V.
Parametrii geometrici impui (opional): distana dintre axe aw; standardizarea distanei
dintre axe; unghiul de nclinare a danturii; diametrul pinionului, sau modulul danturii.
h.
Condiii de funcionare: tipul transmisiei n care se integreaz, tipul mainii motoare, tipul
instalaiei antrenate, temperatura de lucru, caracteristicile mediului n care funcioneaz).
i.
Condiii ecologice (utilizarea de materiale i tehnologii eco, reciclarea materialelor,
protecia vieii).
II.
Alegerea materialului
Alegerea materialului, tratamentelor termice, fluxul tehnologic principal i caracteristicile de rezisten specifice
Materialul
Tratamentul termic
18MoMnNi13
cementare
Succesiune
I.
PREDIMENSIONARE
u ,KA=12,5
Kv = 1.3
a=0.4
NL1=60n1Lh , =4,15*108
NL2=60n1Lh /ur=10.3*107
KH =1.3
KH = 1.2
Z = 0.94
ZH = 2.4
ZE = 190 MPa
Z = cos =0.99
SHmin= 1.2 ZN = max(ZN1, ZN2)cu ZN1,2
HP = Hlim ZN /SHmin;
KF =1.2
KF = 1.25
Y = 0.87
Y = 0.92
Ysa1,2 = 1.7
YFa1,2 = 2.6
SFmin= 1.4
FP1,2 = FlimYN1,2/ SFmin;
Y Sa Y Fa
Y Y
Y Y
=max Sa1 Fa 1 , Sa2 Fa 2
FP max
FP1
FP 2
Z
2 T 1 K A K v K H K H
2 u1
( E Z Z H Z )
2 2
me=
u
m z 1 HP
3
(2.3)
=2.415mm,
me=
II.
2T 1
Y Y
K A K v K F K F Y Y Sa Fa
m z 1 cos
FP
max
=2.68mm
m n ( z 2 z 1)
2 cos
t=arctg
=115.0133
tg n
cos , = 20.41
wt =arccos(
a
cos )
=15.75
aw
wn=arcsin(
sin n
sin wt ) =15.43
sin t
x sn =
(inv wt inv 0 t )( z2 z 1 )
= -1.07
tg cos
x n1
=0.36
xn 2
=-1.43
(2.4)
d w 1=
mn
cos t
z1
cos cos wt
=44
d w 2=
mn
cos t
z2
cos cos wt
=180
b= a aw
b= d d 1
, sau
b= m mn
=>
b=46 mm
2.1
16 M t 2
at = 30
16 M t 3
at =
45
L2 =
4 Mt2
h d A 1,2 as
=148.31
1.
1.
T.1.2, pentru dantur nclinat sau fer. AEV-T.1.1, pentru dantur dreapt) sau cu pachetul
MDESIGN
b. Determinarea vitezei periferice a angrenajului (n polul angrenrii),
[m/s]
v=2.2555
Results:
Generaldata
Effectivenumberofteethratiou=4.000
Effectivetranslationratioi=4.000
Transversepressureangleat=20.410
Pressureangleatpitchcylinderawt=15.788
Groundleadbb=11.267
Zerocentredistancead=115.013mm
Centredistancea=112.019mm
Profileshiftcoefficient(pinion)x1=0.3600
Profileshiftcoefficient(wheel)x2=1.4333
Sumprofileshiftcoefficientxs=1.0733
Lengthofpathofcontactga=8.464mm
Lengthofrecesspathga=7.340mm
Lengthofapproachpathgf=1.124mm
Transversecontactratioea=1.125
Overlapratioeb=1.694
Totalcontactratioeg=2.819
Numberofteethz=18
72
Virtualnumberofteethofhelicalgearzn=19.132
76.530
Geometricaldata
Referencediameterd=46.005
184.021mm
Basediameterdb=43.117
172.468mm
Pitchdiameterdw=44.808
179.230mm
Rootdiameterdf=41.555
170.605mm
Vcirclediameterdv=47.805
176.855mm
Tipdiameterda=50.805
179.855mm
Theoreticaltipdiameterdath=52.805
181.855mm
RootformcirclediameterdFf=43.381
174.496mm
RootformdiameterdNf=44.249
175.804mm
SpecificslidingatpointAzA=0.283
SpecificslidingatpointEzE=2.153
Tooththicknessonthetipcylindersan=2.562
2.641mm
Toothdepthh=4.625
4.625mm
Addendumha=2.400
2.083mm
Dedendumhf=2.225
6.708mm
Bottomclearancec=0.625
0.625mm
Tipshorteningk=1.0000
1.0000mm
Normalbasepitchpen=7.380mm
Transversebasepitchpet=7.525mm
Normalpitchonbasecylinderpbn=7.380mm
Transversepitchonbasecylinderpbt=7.525mm
Note:
Thetoplandshorteningforpinionk1amountsmorethan15%ofthetoothdepth
!
Thetoplandshorteningforpinionk2amountsmorethan15%ofthetoothdepth
!
Cutterdataofgearrack
Cutterdatapiniontypecutter
Numberofteethz0=0
0
Profileshiftcoefficientx0=0.000
0.000
ToplandheightfactorhaP0*=1.250
1.250
RootheightfactorhfP0*=1.000
1.000
Actualtoplandplayctat=1.582
1.465mm
Referencediameterd0=0.000
0.000mm
Basediameterdb0=0.000
0.000mm
Tipdiameterda0=6.250
6.250mm
Deddendumdiameter(generation)dfE=41.253
170.069mm
Centredistancea0=23.685
86.245mm
Zerecentredistancead0=23.003
92.011mm
Pressureangleatpitchcylinderawt0=24.464
0.908
Resultsofcalculationstrength
Forces,moment,speed
Transversetangentialload
atreferencecylinderFt=4322.486N
Transversetangentialload
atpitchcylinderFtw=4438.034N
RadialloadatpitchcylinderFrw=1254.870N
AxialloadatpitchcylinderFaw=943.333N
ToothloadatpitchcylinderFw=4707.518N
Moment(pinion)T1=99.429N*m
Moment(wheel)T2=397.715N*m
Lineload=84.424N/mm
Peripheralspeedatreferencecylinderv=1.110m/s
Peripheralspeedatpitchcylindervw=1.082m/s
Rotationspeed(pinion)n1=461.0001/min
Rotationspeed(wheel)n2=115.2501/min
Numberofloadingcycle(pinion)NL1=193620000
Numberofloadingcycle(wheel)NL2=48405000
Note:
Thelineloadis<100N/mmsotheriskofbadloaddistributionandvibrations
isavailable!
Generalfactors
HekixslopedeviationfHb=19.000
21.000m
Transversepitchdeviationfpe=15.000
18.000m
Profileformdeviationffa=16.000
19.000m
Effectivemeshingslopedeviationfpeeff=13.463m
Effectiveprofileformdeviationffaeff=14.188m
FlanklinedeviationFbx=86.259m
Manufacturingflanklinedeviationfma=21.000m
Flanklinedeviationthroughpiniondef.fsh=49.067m
Reducedmass/toothwidthmred=0.007kg/mm
Individualspringrigidityc'=11.811N/(mm*m)
Meshingspringrigiditycg=11.624N/(mm*m)
Resonancevelocity(pinion)nE1=22189.2971/min
Resonancevelocity(gear)nE2=5547.3241/min
BasicvelocityNR=0.021
DynamicfactorKv=1.023
Faceloadfactor(rootstress)KFb=1.300
Faceloadfactor(contactstress)KHb=1.300
Faceloadfactor(scuffingload)KBb=1.300
Transverseloadfactor(rootstress)KFa=1.250
Transverseloadfactor(contactstress)KHa=1.250
Transverseloadfactor(scuffingload)KBa=1.250
HelixanglefactorKBg=1.267
Pittingloadcapacity
ZonefactorZH=2.810
ElasticityfactorZE=191.646
ContactratiofactorZe=0.943
HelixanglefactorZb=0.989
Lubricantfactor(static)ZL=1.000
Lubricantfactor(dyn.)ZL=0.966
Velocityfactor(static)Zv=1.000
Velocityfactor(dyn.)Zv=0.956
Roughnessfactor(static)ZR=1.000
Roughnessfactor(dyn.)ZR=1.032
WorkhardeningfactorZW=1.000
Lifefactorforcontactstress(static)ZNT=1.600
1.600
Lifefactorforcontactstress(dyn.)ZNT=1.000
1.000
Sizefactor(static)ZX=1.000
1.000
Sizefactor(dyn)ZX=1.000
1.000
SinglepairtoothcontactfactorZB=1.000
ZD=1.000
Pittingstresslimit(static)sHG=2448.000
2448.000N/mm
Pittingstresslimit(dyn)sHG=1456.918
1456.918N/mm
Allowableflankpressure(static)sHP=1883.077
1883.077N/mm
Allowableflankpressure(dyn)sHP=1120.706
1120.706N/mm
ContactstresssH=980.969
980.969N/mm
Safetyfactorforpitting(static)SH=2.495
2.495
Safetyfactorforpitting(dyn)SH=1.485
1.485
AttainablelifetimeLh=19454994.709
77819978.835h
Rootloadcapacity
Overlappingfactor(rootstress)Ye=0.889
HelixanglefactorYb=0.900
ToothformfactorYF=1.560
2.410
StresscorrectionfactorYS=2.163
1.416
Lifefactorfortoothrootstress(static)YNT=2.500
2.500
Lifefactorfortoothrootstress(dyn)YNT=1.000
1.000
Relativnotchsensitivityfactor(static)YdrelT=1.0640.838
Relativnotchsensitivityfactor(dyn)YdrelT=1.0150.929
Relativsurvacefactor(static)YRrelT=1.0001.000
Relativsurvacefactor(dyn)YRrelT=1.0421.042
Sizefactor(static)YX=1.000
1.000
Sizefactor(dyn)YX=1.000
1.000
Toothrootstresslimit(static)sFG=2261.121
1781.697N/mm
Toothrootstresslimit(dyn)sFG=899.206
822.849N/mm
Allowablerootstress(static)sFP=1507.414
1187.798N/mm
Allowablerootstress(dyn)sFP=599.471
548.566N/mm
ToothrootstresssF=170.548
172.466N/mm
Safetyfactorfortoothbreakage(static)SF=13.258
10.331
Safetyfactorfortoothbreakage(dyn)SF=5.272
4.771
AttainablelifetimeLh=204703056.985
716639562.283h
Scuffingloadcapacity
AnglefactorXab=0.908
LubricantfactorXS=1.000
Flashtemperaturecalculationway
LoaddistributionfactorXG=1.000
FlashfactorXM=1.589
StructurfactorXB=0.417
TangentiallineforceatweigthwBt=177.933N/mm
Scuffingtemperatureq=428.581C
CorrosionsafetyfactorSB=175.195
Integralcalculationway
FlashfactorXM=1.589
Geometryfactor(piniontip)XBE=0.469
PitchfactorXQ=1.000
TiprelieffactorXCa=1.000
ContactratiofactorXe=0.395
MasstemperatureqM=50.261C
Integraltemperatureqint=50.822C
ScuffingintegraltemperatureqintS=428.581C
CorrosionsafetyfactorSintS=8.433
ScuffingloadsafetyfactorSSL=460.703
UltimatestrengthforpinionRm=1095.5mm(fordeff=43.12
mm)
UltimatestrengthforgearRm=1012.2mm(fordeff=172.47
mm)
YieldingpointforpinionRe=842.3mm(fordeff=43.12
mm)
YieldingpointforgearRe=7005.6mm(fordeff=172.47
mm)
Resultscheckgauge
Casecentredistancea=112.019mm
Maximumcasecentredistanceamax=112.062mm
Minimumcasecentredistanceamin=111.975mm
Theoreticalbacklashjt=0.312mm
Maximumtheoreticalbacklashjtmax=0.385mm
Minimumtheoreticalbacklashjtmin=0.239mm
UpperdeviationofteeththicknessAsne=95.000
170.000m
LowerdeviationofteeththicknessAsni=125.000
220.000m
ToleranceofteeththicknessTsn=30.000
50.000m
FluctuationofteeththicknessRs=20.000
28.000m
Nominalteeththickness(theoretical)snth=4.582
1.319mm
Nominalteeththicknesssn=4.472
1.124mm
Maximumnominalteeththicknesssnmax=4.487
1.149mm
Minimumnominalteeththicknesssnmin=4.457
1.099mm
Basetangentlength(theoretical)Wkth=19.738
40.826mm
BasetangentlengthWk=19.634
40.643mm
MaximumbasetangentlengthWkmax=19.648
40.666mm
MinimumbasetangentlengthWkmin=19.620
40.619mm
Numberofteethdimensionk=3
6
MeasurerollerdiameterDM=5.000
4.250mm
Radialgaugespheres/rollerMrk=27.616
90.485mm
Maximumradialgaugespheres/rollerMrke=27.629
90.540mm
Minimumradialgaugespheres/rollerMrki=27.601
90.430mm
DiametralgaugespheresMdk=55.231
180.970mm
DiametralgaugerollerMdR=55.231
180.970mm
FactorofdeviationofbasetangentlengthAw=0.940
0.940
Factorofdeviationradialspheres/rollerAmr=0.934
2.197
FactorofdeviationdiametralrollerAmd=1.868
4.394
FactorofdeviationdiametralspheresAmd=1.861
4.393
Kg
External toothing
3
2.027
2.3
Kg1
A
0.507
0.277
0.130
-0.130
-0.277
-0.507
1.5
E
0.75
0
-0.75
1
Kg2
-1.5
-2.3
-2.027
-3
2
0
5.736
17.209
28.681
Meshing Line
40.154
51.627
[mm]
x1
x2
xs
= 0.589
ga
gf
g
Kga1
Kga2
Kgf1
Kgf2
= 6.272
= 0.670
= 1.259
= 2.939
= 9.210
= 0.277
= 0.130
= 0.130
= 0.277
spec. sliding
A
E
= -0.430
= -0.791
da1
dw1
d1
df1
da2
dw2
d2
df2
da1
dw1
d1
df1
da2
dw2
d2
df2
df1 d1
da1
df2
d2
da2
df1
d1
da1
df2
d2
da2
material :
18MoMnNi13
lifetime [h]
[N/mm]
3000
static
2400
time strength
1800
fatigue strength
10
0.00
10
0.02
10
0.22
10
2.17
10
21.67
10
216.67
10
2166.67
10
21666.69
10
10
216666.88
1200
600
0
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
load cycle
material :
18MoMnNi13
lifetime [h]
[N/mm]
3000
static
2400
time strength
1800
fatigue strength
10
0.01
10
0.09
10
0.87
10
8.67
10
86.67
10
866.67
10
8666.68
10
86666.75
10
10
866667.53
1200
600
0
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
load cycle
material :
18MoMnNi13
lifetime [h]
[N/mm]
3000
static
2400
1800
time strength
10
0.00
10
0.02
10
0.22
10
2.17
10
21.67
10
216.67
10
2166.67
10
21666.69
10
10
216666.88
1200
fatigue strength
600
0
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
load cycle
material :
18MoMnNi13
lifetime [h]
[N/mm]
3000
static
2400
1800
time strength
10
0.01
10
0.09
10
0.87
10
8.67
10
86.67
10
866.67
10
8666.68
1200
fatigue strength
600
0
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
load cycle
Ft [N]
Obs.
Fn [N]
Fn=3063.133
Fr1=1486.85
Fr2=--1269.87
Ft=2957.85
Fa1=-1269.87
Fa2=1486.85
Pentru
angrenaje
conice cu
dantur
dreapt,
m=0.
Pentru
angrenaje
conice
ortogonal
e, =0.
Ft =4514.21
Fr =1679.71
Fa =959.52
Obs.
Fn [N]
F
n =4911.23
Pentru
angrenaje
cu dantur
dreapt:
=0, dw1=
d1, wt= w
Calculul arborilor
8.1
I.
Materialu
l
18MoMn
Ni13
Alegerea materialului
Tratamentul
termic,
duritatea HB
sau HRC
cementare
Fluxul
tehnologic
principal
Tensiune
a de
rupere
Tensiune
a de
curgere
mbuntire,
prelucrare
de degroare
prin achiere
(strunjire,
frezare
dantur)
prelucrare de
finisare prin
rectificare
tronsoane
cap arbore i
de montare
rulmeni i
roi
prelucrare de
finisare
dantur prin
everuire
r =
950MPa
c (02) =
750MPa
Tensiunea admisibil la
solicitarea de ncovoiere,dup
ciclul
Alternant
Stati Pulsator(II
simetric
c (I)
)
(III)
(opional)
I.
Predimensionare
Condiia impus
Tronsonul 5
dA5=25 mm
lA5 = 30 mm
Tronsoanele 1 i 6
dA1 = dA6 =d= 20 mm; lA1=15 mm (limearulmentului); lA6 = 25 mm
Tronsonul 2
dA2 =23
l2= 6 mm
Tronsonul 3
dA3 =41.55mm (diametrul de picior al pinionului); lA3 = 51 mm
(lungimeapinionului)
Tronsonul 4
dA4 =35mm;
lA4 = 8 mm
Racordarea 1
r = 1 mm
Racordrile 2 i 3
cu r = 2mm
Racordarea 4
r = 1 mm
Racordarea 5
r = 1 mm
Racordarea 6
R=0 mm
Generalshaftgeomet
ry
Calculationprocess
Dynamicandstaticstrengthpr
oof
Typeofloading:tensionpressure
Dynamicallypurecycl
ic
Typeofloading:bending
Dynamicallypurecycl
ic
Typeofloading:torsion
Dynamicallypurecycl
ic
Factorformaximumloading(tensionpressure)
1
Factorformaximumloading(bending)
1
Factorformaximumloading(torsion)
1
Specifications
about
the
material
Strengthvaluesaccordingto
MDESIGNdatabase(DIN74
3)
Materialdesignation
15CrMoV59
Materialnumber
1.8521
Gagediameter
dB= 100mm
Forthegagediameter
Tensilestrength
sB(Rm)= 900N/mm
Yieldstress
sS(Re)= 750N/mm
Cyclicfatiguestrengthunderbendingstress
sbW= 450N/mm
Cyclictensionandpressurefatiguestrength
szdW= 360N/mm
Cyclictorsionalfatiguestrength
ttW= 270N/mm
Young'smodulus
E= 215000N/mm
Shearmodulus
G= 83000N/mm
Density
r= 7850kg/m
Applysurfacehardeningto
Totalshaft
Geometryscheme
Materialgroup
Heattreatment
Nitratedsteel
quenchedandtemper
ed
no
Surfacehardening
Shaft
geometry
Shaftgeometry
1 20
20
15
1.
19
1
0
6
.6
0 0 0 0 0 0
2 23
23
6.
2 0
3
0 0 0 0 0 0
3 42
42
51
3.
2 0
2
0 0 0 0 0 0
4 35
35
6.
1 0
3
0 0 0 0 0 0
5 25
25
30
3.
1 0
2
0 0 0 0 0 0
6 20
20
25
1.
0 0
6
0 0 0 0 0 0
Predeterminethediameterdeterminantfortheheattreatmen no
t?
Calculationofthedeflectionforpoint
Shaftspeed
Considerationofdeadweight
x= 0mm
n: 6251/min
no
Bearing
Nr. Type=
Positionx=mm
Locationbearing>
16
Locationbearing<
133
Specifications
about
loadings
AxialforcesFax
Radius=mm
Anglea=
33
1486.85
22
66
959.52
44
180
RadialforcesFr
Nr.
Positionx=m
Amount=N
m
Anglea=
33
1269.87
33
103450
270
66
1679.71
180
66
4514.21
270
Torsion
Nr.
33
99312648
drive
66
99312648
takeoff
Specifications
about
the
load/loadings
Loadingcase
Constantmeanstress(loadingcase
1)
Changethelimitnumberofloadingcycles?
no
Minimumsafetyagainstfatiguefracture
SDmin= 1.2
Minimumsafetyagainstresidualdeformation
SFmin= 1.2
Results:
Calculationprocess: Dynamicandstaticstrengthpr
oof
TotalshaftlengthL= 133.000mm
Totalshaftmassm= 0.834kg
MassmomentofinertiaoftheshaftJ= 0.00014kg*m
GeometricalmomentofinertiaoftheshaftI= 27.503cm4
Positionofthecentreofgravity
intheXaxisxs= 57.569mm
Angleoftorsionj= 7.406
Additionalshaftdata:
Shaftfilletnumber
l
mm
Ip
cm4
Wt
cm
m
kg
J
kg*m
I
cm4
Wb
cm
15.0
1.571
1.571
0.037 0.0000
0.785
0.785
6.0
2.747
2.389
0.020 0.0000
1.374
1.194
51.0 30.549
15.275 7.274
6.0
14.732
8.418
0.045 0.0000
7.366
4.209
30.0
3.835
3.068
0.116 0.0000
1.917
1.534
25.0
1.571
1.571
0.062 0.0000
0.785
0.785
Supportingforces:
No.
Type
Location
bearing>
16.000
2687.668
91003.859
91043.539
1486.850
Location
bearing<
133.000
261.912
16960.346
16962.367
959.520
Resultingmaximumbendingmoment:
Positionx= 33.000mm
AmountMbmax= 1547.740N*m
Resultingmaximumtorsionalmoment:
Positionx= 33.000mm
AmountMtmax= 99312.648N*m
Resultingmaximumtensionpressureforce:
Positionx= 16.000mm
AmountFzdmax= 1486.850N
Resultingmaximumtensionpressurestress:
Positionx= 16.000mm
Amountszdmax= 3.579N/mm
Resultingmaximumbendingstress:
Positionx= 78.000mm
Amountsbmax= 608.176N/mm
Resultingmaximumtorsionalstress:
Positionx= 33.000mm
Amountttmax= 6826.951N/mm
Resultingmaximumdeflection:
Positionx= 85.120mm
Amountymax= 0.181215mm
Angleofthemaximumdeflection:
Positionx= 133.000mm
AmountQ= 0.376149
Minimumsafetyagainstyielding:
Positionx= 33.000mm
AmountSF= 0.076
SFmin(1.200)>SD(0.076)!
Minimumsafetyagainstfatiguefracture:
Positionx= 33.000mm
AmountSD= 0.034
SDmin(1.200)>SD(0.034)!
Thecalculatedsafetyliesunderthespecifiedminimumsafetymargin.Th
ebearingcapacityoftheshaftisnot
achievedinthisway!
Materialparameterfordeff= 42.000mm
Materialdesignation 15CrMoV59
Materialnumber 1.8521
TensilestrengthsB= 900.000N/mm
YieldstresssS= 750.000N/mm
Cyclictensionandpressurefatigue
strengthszdW= 360.000N/mm
Cyclicfatiguestrengthunderbending
stresssbW= 450.000N/mm
CyclictorsionalfatiguestrengthttW= 270.000N/mm
Technologicaldimensionfactor
(tensilestrength)K1Bdeff= 1.000
Technologicaldimensionfactor
(yieldstress)K1Sdeff= 1.000
Parameter
ofcrosssections:
TensionpressureforceFzdandtension/pressurestressszd
No
.
Type
Fillet
1 with
recess
Positio
Amplitud
Amplitud Mean Maximu
Result.
Mean Maximum
n
e
e
m
szdm
Fzdx
Fzdm Fzdmax
x
Fzda
szda
N/mm szdmax
N
N
N
mm
N
N/mm
N/mm
15.0
0.000
0.000
0.00
0
0.000
0.000
0.000 0.000
Shaft
fillet
21.0
0.00
1486.85
1486.85
1486.850 0
0
0
3.579
0.000 3.579
Shaft
fillet
72.0
0.00
959.520
959.520
0 959.520
0.997
0.000 0.997
Shaft
fillet
78.0
0.00
959.520
959.520
0 959.520
1.955
0.000 1.955
Shaft
fillet
108.0
0.00
959.520
959.520
0 959.520
3.054
0.000 3.054
0.000
0.000 0.000
Calculatio
nresults
6
forpoint
x
0.0
0.000
0.000
0.00
0
0.000
BendingmomentMbandbendingstresssb
No
.
Type
Fillet
1 with
recess
x
mm
N*m
Mba
N*m
N*m
N*m
sba
N/mm
N/mm sbmax
N/mm
15.0
0.000
0.000
0.00
0
0.000
0.000
0.000 0.000
Shaft
fillet
21.0
455.218 455.218
Shaft
fillet
72.0
1034.70
0.00 1034.70
245.81
1034.704
245.817 0.000
4
0
4
7
Shaft
fillet
78.0
932.930 932.930
0.00
608.17
932.930 608.176 0.000
0
6
Shaft
fillet
108.0
424.059 424.059
0.00
539.92
424.059 539.928 0.000
0
8
Calculatio
nresults
6
forpoint
x
0.0
0.000
0.000
0.00
381.09
455.218 381.097 0.000
0
7
0.00
0
0.000
0.000
0.000 0.000
TorsionalmomentMtundTorsionalstresstt
No.
Type
Fillet
1 with
recess
N/mm
15.0
0.000
0.000
0.00
0.000
0
0.000
0.000 0.000
Shaft
fillet
21.0
0.000
0.000
0.00
0.000
0
0.000
0.000 0.000
Shaft
fillet
72.0
0.000
0.000
0.00
0.000
0
0.000
0.000 0.000
Shaft
fillet
78.0
0.000
0.000
0.00
0.000
0
0.000
0.000 0.000
Shaft
fillet
108.0
0.000
0.000
0.00
0.000
0
0.000
0.000 0.000
0.0
0.000
0.000
0.00
0.000
0
0.000
0.000 0.000
Calculatio
nresults
6
forpoint
x
Calculationresultsforpointx= 0.000mm
TrendofcurveofthetransverseforceQx= 0.000N
deflectionyx= 0.066919mm
AngleofdeflectionQ= 0.239635
Strength
proof:
K2(d)Geometricaldimensionfactor
KFInfluencefactorofsurfaceroughness
as,tFormfactors
No
.
Type
Bendin
Tension
Tension
Tension
Positio
g
pressure Torsio
Bendin Torsio
n
and
,
n
pressur
g
pressur
n
x
torsio
bending
e
e
KFt
asb
at
mm
n
K2(d)
KFs
aszd
K2(d)
Fillet
1 with
recess
15.0
1.00
0.94
0.97
0.98
2.12
1.95
1.46
Shaft
fillet
21.0
1.00
0.93
0.89
0.93
2.02
1.81
1.43
Shaft
fillet
72.0
1.00
0.90
0.89
0.93
2.08
1.91
1.45
Shaft
fillet
78.0
1.00
0.92
0.93
0.96
2.49
2.23
1.63
Shaft
fillet
108.0
1.00
0.93
0.97
0.98
2.22
2.02
1.51
0.0
1.00
0.93
0.97
0.98
Calculatio
nresults
6
forpoint
x
GRelativestressdrop
ns,tBearingfactor
No.
Type
Filletwith
recess
Tension
Tension
Bendin Torsio
Positio
BendingTorsion
pressur
g
n
n
pressur
e
x
Gb
Gt
e
nsb
nt
mm
1/mm 1/mm
Gzd
nszd
1/mm
15.0
2.62
2.62
1.15
1.07
1.07
1.04
2 Shaftfillet
21.0
1.15
1.15
0.57
1.04
1.04
1.03
3 Shaftfillet
72.0
1.31
1.31
0.57
1.05
1.05
1.03
4 Shaftfillet
78.0
2.51
2.51
1.15
1.07
1.07
1.04
5 Shaftfillet
108.0
2.58
2.58
1.15
1.07
1.07
1.04
Calculation
6 resultsfor
pointx
0.0
bszddBK,bsbdBK,btdBKStressconcentrationfactoratdBK
bszd,bsb,btStressconcentrationfactors
KvInfluencefactorofsurfacehardening
No
.
Type
Tensio
Tensio
Tensio
Positi n
Bendi
Torsi
n
Bendi Torsio n
Bendi Torsi
on pressu ng
on pressu ng
on
n pressu ng
x
re
bsbdB
re
re
Kvb
btdBK
bsb
Kvt
bt
mm bszddB K
Kvzd
bszd
K
Fillet
1 with
recess
15.0
1.99
1.82
1.40
1.00
1.00
1.00
Shaft
fillet
21.0
1.93
1.73
1.39
1.00
1.00
1.00
Shaft
fillet
72.0
1.99
1.82
1.41
1.00
1.00
1.00
Shaft
fillet
78.0
2.34
2.09
1.57
1.00
1.00
1.00
Shaft
fillet
108.0
2.08
1.89
1.45
1.00
1.00
1.00
Calculat
ion
6 results
for
pointx
0.0
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
Ks,KtTotalinfluencefactor
szdWK,sbWK,ttWKCyclicfatiguestrengthofthenotchedpart
K2FStaticbearingeffect
No
.
Type
Positi Tensio Bendi Torsi Tensio Bendi Torsio Tensio Bendi Torsi
on
n
ng
on
n
ng
ns
n
ng
on
x
pressu Ks
Kt pressu sbWK ttWK pressu K2Fb K2Ft
mm
re
re
N/mm N/mm re
K2Fzd
Ks
szdWK
N/mm
Fillet
1 with
recess
15.0
2.02
1.98
1.51 178.54
227.4
178.24 1.00
1
1.20
1.20
Shaft
fillet
21.0
2.06
2.00
1.57 174.77
224.5
171.52 1.00
8
1.20
1.20
Shaft
fillet
72.0
2.12
2.16
1.64 169.84
208.1
164.72 1.00
2
1.20
1.20
Shaft
fillet
78.0
2.41
2.35
1.75 149.08
191.5
154.66 1.00
7
1.20
1.20
Shaft
fillet
108.0
2.11
2.06
1.57 170.43
218.6
172.16 1.00
8
1.20
1.20
Calculat
ion
6 results
for
pointx
0.0
1.03
1.10
1.09 349.44
408.9
248.34 1.00
8
1.20
1.20
gFYieldpointrise
szdFK,sbFK,ttFKYieldpointofthepart
No.
Type
Tension
Tension
Positio
Bendin Torsio
Bendin Torsio
n
pressur
g
n
pressur
g
n
x
e
sbFK
ttFK
e
gFb
gFt
mm
szdFK N/mm N/mm
gFzd
N/mm
Filletwith
recess
15.0
1.10
1.05
1.00
2 Shaftfillet
21.0
1.10
1.05
1.00
3 Shaftfillet
72.0
1.10
1.05
1.00
4 Shaftfillet
78.0
1.10
1.10
1.00
5 Shaftfillet
108.0
1.10
1.10
1.00
Calculation
6 resultsfor
pointx
0.0
1.00
1.00
1.00
Staticsafety
No.
Type
1 Filletwithrecess
Position
x
mm
SF
15.0
10000.00
In
in
Point1 Point2
SF1
SF2
2 Shaftfillet
21.0
2.45
3 Shaftfillet
72.0
3.83
4 Shaftfillet
78.0
1.62
5 Shaftfillet
108.0
1.82
0.0
10000.00
6 Calculationresultsforpointx
yInfluencefactorofthemeanstresssensitivitz
smv,tmvComparativemeanstress
No
.
Tensio
Positi
n
Bendin Torsio smv
tmv smv1 tmv1 smv2 tmv2
on
pressu
g
n
N/mm N/mm N/mm N/mm N/mm N/mm
x
re
ybsK
ytK
mm
yzdsK
Type
Fillet
1 with
recess
15.0
0.00 0.00
Shaft
fillet
21.0
0.11
0.14
0.00 0.00
Shaft
fillet
72.0
0.10
0.13
0.00 0.00
Shaft
fillet
78.0
0.09
0.12
0.00 0.00
Shaft
fillet
108.0
0.10
0.14
0.00 0.00
Calculati
on
6 results
forpoint
x
0.0
0.00 0.00
Alternatingfatiguestrengthofthepart(ratedfatiguelimit)
No
.
Type
1 Fillet
Tensio
n
Tensio
Bendi Torsi pressu
Positi
n
ng
on
re
on
pressu
in
sbADK ttADK
x
re
N/mm N/mm Point1
mm szdADK
szdADK
N/mm
1
N/mm
15.0
Bendi
ng
in
Point
1
sbADK
1
N/mm
Torsi
on
in
Point
1
ttADK
1
N/mm
Tensio
n
pressu
re
in
Point2
szdADK
2
N/mm
Bendi
ng
in
Point
2
sbADK
2
N/mm
Torsi
on
in
Point
2
ttADK
2
N/mm
with
recess
2
Shaft
fillet
21.0 174.77
224.5
8
Shaft
fillet
72.0 169.84
208.1
2
Shaft
fillet
78.0 149.08
191.5
7
Shaft
fillet
108.0 170.43
218.6
8
Calculat
ion
6 results
for
pointx
0.0
Dynamicsafety
Position
x
mm
SD
1 Filletwithrecess
15.0
10000.00
2 Shaftfillet
21.0
0.58
3 Shaftfillet
72.0
0.84
4 Shaftfillet
78.0
0.31
5 Shaftfillet
108.0
0.40
0.0
10000.00
No.
Type
6 Calculationresultsforpointx
in
in
Point1 Point2
SD1
SD2
I.
DATE DE PROIECTARE
Schema de lgruire a
arborelui intermediar
al unui reductor
cilindric n dou
trepte
b
c
d
a Turaia, n =461.23
constant.
Valorile diametrelor fusurilor de montaj, dA = 30 mm.
Durata de funcionare, Lh = 7000 ore.
Condiii de funcionare: se integreaz ntr-un reductor de turaie care antreneaz un ascensor
greu, temperatura, -2550oC; caracteristicile mediului praf i umezeal ridicat).
Condiii ecologice (utilizarea de materiale i tehnologii eco, reciclarea materialelor,
protecia vieii).
II.
Din analiza datelor de intrare precum i a recomandrilor din literatura de specialitate rezult:
- forele de ncrcare sunt reduse: fora radial mic, fora axial mic;
- din considerente de eficien tehnologic legate de prelucrarea alezajelor n carcas se
adopt rulmeni identici;
- se adopt sistemul de lgruire cu dou lagre care preiau sarcinile axiale, fiecare pe cte
un sens (interior-exterior).
Se adopt rulmeni radiali axiali cu role conice seria mijlocie:
Informaii despre rulmentul adoptat
Dimensiuni principale
Capacitatea
[mm]
Tipul
Simbol
dinamic,C
rulmentului
d
D
B
[N]
[mm] [mm] [mm]
Capacitatea
static, C0
[N]
Factorii de
calcul
e
Rulment
radial axial cu
role conice
30203
20
52
15
29500
SCHEMA DE CALCUL
.
ncrcarea rulmenilor:
Lagrul A: FaA = 1923.7974 N, FrA= -4963.211 N
Lagrul B: FaB = 1537.9822 N, FrB= 6695.810 N
I.
VERIFICARE/DIMENSIONARE
[milioane de rotaii]
[ore]
Lhef Lh , verificare ndeplinit apropiat.
Lhef >>> Lh, verificare ndeplinit ndeprtat; se poate determina capaciatea dinamic i realegere
rulment (v. mai jos) sau, se poate alege un alt rulment cu seria de dimensiuni sau cu alezajul mai
reduse.
Lhef < Lh, nu se verific; se poate face un calcul de determinare a capacitii dinamice urmat de
realegere (v. mai jos) sau se modific (reduce) durata de funcionare
Cnec Ccatalog, cu meninerea n prima etap a tipului i diametrului interior deja adoptate; n
cazul cnd se poate modifica tipul rulmentului se va proceda la o realegere a acestuia
C0 nec = fs P0
C0 nec C0catalog
I.
DATE DE PROIECTARE
Schema funcional-constructiv
Date iniiale
h Momentul de torsiune, Mt [Nmm]
i Tipul sarcinii: constant, pulsatorie
j
k
l
m
n
o
Materialu
l
Tip
asamblare
Caracteristica
sarcinii
OLC35
Fix
pulsatorie
II.
Tensiune admisibil la
strivire sau presiunea
admisibil
80=as [MPa]
Tensiune
admisibil la
forfecare
100=af [MPa]
Forma A
Forma B
Forma C
Diametrul
arborelui
Dimensiunile penei
Mulimea
Lime nlime lungimilo
a
a
r
standard
Calculul de dimensionare
Mt [Nmm] momentul de torsiune transmis
d = dA [mm] diametrul arborelui
as [MPa] tensiunea admisibil de strivire sau pa [MPa] presiunea admisibil de neexpulzare a
lubrifiantului;
h [mm] nlimea penei;
Lb [mm] lungimea butucului;
lc Lb, se adopt o singur pan;
Lb< lc 2Lb, se adopt dou pene dispuse la 180o;
2Lb< lc 3Lb, se adopt trei pene dispuse la 120o (caz rar n practic).
n cazul n care 3Lb< lc, sunt posibile dou variante:
a. se mrete diametrul arborelui i se reia calculul;
b. se alege alt asamblare cu capacitate portant mai mare (de ex. asamblare prin caneluri).
P1=15
P2=22
P3=30
III.
Liber
Cmpul de
H9=0.052
D10=0.149
,
n care, t0 este temperatura maxim a mediului ambiant n care funcioneaz reductorul (uzual, t0
= (18 25) oC); Pi [kW] puterea la arborele de intrare al reductorului; R randamerntul
reductorului ; factorul transmiterii cldurii de la carcas la aer ( = (812) W/m2oC, pentru o
circulaie slab a aerului n zona reductorului); Se = 1,21,3 S [m2] suprafaa exterioar a
reductorului cu S suprafaa teoretic (factorul 1,2 ia n considerare nervurile de rigidizare i
ramele de asamblare; ta temperatura de lucru admisibil a uleiului (ta = (6070) oC); Pe puterea la arborele de ieire al reductorului; Q cldura generat de frecrile din interior i
evacuat spre exterior.
Obs. Situaii practce posibile:
a. Respectarea inegalitii (TRD-P.1.2.11.2) conduce la un sistem de ungere prin
barbotare.
b. Nerespectarea inegalitii (TRD-P.1.2.11.2) implic urmtoarele variante: mrirea
suprefeei exterioare a reductorului prin nervurare; adoptarea unui sistem de ventilare
exterior; adoptarea unui sistem de rcire a uleiului.
Conic
Cilindric
BIBLIOGRAFIE
1. Jula, A. .a. Organe de maini, vol. I,II. Universitatea din Braov, 1986, 1989.
2. Mogan, Gh. .a. Organe de maini. Teorie-Proiectare-Aplicaii, Ed Universit ii Transilvania
din Braov, 2012 (format electronic).
3. Moldovean, Gh. .a. Angrenaje cilindrice i conice. Calcul i construcie. Ed. LuxLibris,
Braov, 2001.
4. Moldovean, Gh. .a. Angrenaje cilindrice i conice. Metodici de proiectare. Ed. LuxLibris,
Braov, 2002.
5. Rdulescu, C. Organe de maini, vol. I, II, III. Universitatea Transilvania din Braov, 1985.
6. *** Culegere de norme i extrase din standarde pentru proiectarea elementelor componente
ale mainilor, vol. I. i II. Universitatea din Braov, 1984.