Timpurile Verbelor in Engleza

Pentru verbul in engleza timpurile difera fundamental fata de cele ale limbii romane.
De aceea nu trebuie cautate in permanenta echivalente exacte intre cele doua limbi.

Asa cum ne asteptam exista 3 timpuri de desfasurare a unei actiuni: prezent(present),

trecut(past)
si
viitor(future).
Verbul la aceste timpuri il voi numi deocamdata simplu. Mai jos se observa ca la randul
lor aceste timpuri ale verbului in engleza (tenses) pot fi: propriu-zise sau propriu-zis
perfecte.
Dar si timpurile propriu-zise si propriu-zis perfecte pot fi propriu-zise sau continui.
Explicatii generale pentru timpurile verbului in engleza anume: simplu, simplu continuu, simplu
perfect, simplu perfect continuu

Simplu - verbul reprezinta o actiune prezenta, trecuta sau viitoare nelimitata in

timp.

Continuu - verbul reprezinta o actiune in derulare la un moment dat prezent,

trecut sau viitor care in momentul acela se petrece simultan cu o alta actiune.

Simplu Perfect - verbul reprezinta o actiune inceputa anterioara unui moment dat
prezent, trecut sau viitor

Continuu Perfect - verbul reprezinta o actiune in curs pana la un moment dat

prezent, trecut sau viitor si continuind sau nu in acel moment

In limba engleza nu exista conjugari ca in limbile latine (romana, franceza etc)

Verbul
in
engleza
este
fie
regulat
Pentru ilustrarea timpurilor in engleza vom folosi un verb regulat
Ca si in romana, verbul in engleza are 2 diateze: activa si pasiva

Verbul in engleza la diateza activa

Actiunea e facuta de subiect

fie

neregulat.

De exemplu luam verbul to work (a munci). In engleza verbul to work e regulat: work worked
worked
Iar verbul to fall(a cadea) e neregulat:
fall - fell - fallen
Desi doar Alice in tara minunilor poate cadea cu verbul la un timp continuu (pentru ca
dureaza in timp), chiar si acest verb are timpuri continui pentru ca apare in diferite
expresii:
I
am
falling
in
love
My life is falling apart = Mi se duce viata de rapa

Ma

indragostesc

Diferente intre timpurile verbelor regulate si neregulate nu exista. Ceea ce se poate

observa la verbul neregulat este modul cum se folosesc cele trei cuvinte care definesc
verbul adica: fall, fell si fallen. Pentru orice alt verb neregulat cele trei parti se inlocuiesc
fiecare in parte cu cele trei parti ale verbului considerat.

To work = A munci (verb regulat)

Present Tense
I work
You work
He works
She works
We work
You work
They work

Present
Continuous
I am working
You are working
He is working
She is working
We are working
You are working
They are working

Present Perfect
I have worked
You have worked
He has worked
She has worked
We have worked
You have worked

They have worked

Present Perfect
Continuous
I have been working
You have been working
He has been working
She has been working
We have been working
You have been working
They have been working
Past Tense
I worked
You worked
He worked
She worked
We worked

You worked
They worked

Past Continuous
I was working
You were working
He was working
She was working
We were working
You were working
They were working

Past Perfect
I had worked
You had worked
He had worked
She had worked

We had worked
You had worked
They had worked

Past Perfect Continuous

I had been working
You had been working
He had been working
She had been working
We had been working
You had been working
They had been working

Future Tense
I will work
You will work
He will work

She will work

We will work
You will work
They will work

Future
Continuous
I will be working
You will be working
He will be working
She will be working
We will be working
You will be working
They will be
working

Future Perfect
I will have worked
You will have

worked
He will have worked
She will have
worked
We will have
worked
You will have
worked
They will have
worked

Future Perfect
Continuous
I will have been working
You will have been
working
He will have been working
She will have been
working
We will have been working
You will have been
working

They will have been

working

Conjugarea pentru verbul neregulat to fall - a cadea e la lectia 'verbe neregulate'.

Oricum timpurile verbelor si cand se folosesc este aceeasi si la verbe regulate si
la
cele
neregulate.
Numai modul in care se conjuga difera.

1.1. I work - Present Tense - Timpul Present

Verbul exprima o actiune prezenta nelimitata in timp.

Situatii in care prezentul limbii romane este echivalent cu present tense din engleza

O actiune prezenta in derulare (mereu, cateodata sau niciodata)

What do you do? I work at a bank.

Cu ce te ocupi? Lucrez la o banca

She never works so late

Ea niciodata nu lucreaza atat de tarziu

Un adevar absolut, chiar daca se desfasoara si in clipa asta (vezi prezentul

continuu, timpul urmator)
The earth spins around the sun.

Pamantul se invarteste in jurul soarelui.

Se poate folosi pe post de viitor

The store closes at 9:00pm

Magazinul se inchide la 9:00pm.

Viitorul limbii romana se traduce cu Prezent Tense in limba engleza dupa: after, before,
when, as soon as, while etc daca exprima o actiune viitoare

Someday when I am big and strong.

Candva, cand voi fi mare si puternic

Situatii in care prezentul limbii romane NU este echivalent cu present tense din limba engleza

Atunci cand verbul descrie o actiunea care se desfasoara acum (in clipa
dialogului) - atunci se foloseste prezentul continuu.
I am working in the garden

Lucrez in gradina

Folosind verbul in engleza la prezentul continuu indica faptul ca te referi la clipa asta.
I work in the garden - inseamna ca asta e ocupatia ta. De exemplu ca esti gradinar.
Sus
1.2. I am working - Present Continuous - Prezent Continuu

Verbul arata o actiune in derulare in prezent care se petrece simultan cu o alta actiune.
Este legat de actiuni concrete.

Situatii in care timpul prezent al limbii romane este echivalent cu present continuous din engleza

Verbul reprezinta o actiune ce se petrece in clipa asta (simultana cu momentul in

care vorbesc)
I am working on my new book.

Lucrez la noua mea carte.

Verbul descrie o actiune generala dar simultana cu o alta actiune

By the time the alarm goes off I am
already working.

Cand suna ceasul eu deja lucrez (am

inceput lucrul)

Situatii in care prezentul limbii romane NU este echivalent cu Present Continuous din engleza

Vezi
Sus

cazurile

timpului

prezent

1.1.

work

1.3. I have worked - Present Perfect - Prezent Perfect

Verbul reprezinta o actiune inceputa anterioara unui moment dat prezent

Situatii in care Perfectul Compus (am muncit) din limba romana este echivalent cu Present Perfect
al limbii engleze

Daca actiunea a inceput inaintea momentului prezent si e inca in desfasurare sau

daca efectul ei se vede in prezent
I have worked all my adult
life.

Am muncit toata viata mea adulta (si inca mai

lucrez).

Sau daca e insotit de un adverb (mereu, cateodata, niciodata etc) adica:

I have never worked so late
before.

Niciodata nu am mai lucrat atat de tarziu (pana

acum).

Atentie: Fata de 1.1. exista urmatoarea diferenta: I never work so late. inseamna: Nu
lucrez atat de tarziu (ca si in romana) adica refuzi ideea pentru ca nu lucrezi niciodata
atat de tarziu, pe cand I never have worked so late before inseamna ca desi nu ai mai
lucrat atat de tarziu, acum lucrezi (atat de tarziu).
Situatii in care Perfectul Compus al limbii romana NU este echivalent cu Present Perfect din limba
engleza

1. Cand se foloseste Present Perfect Continuous 1.4 I have been working

2. Cand se foloseste Past Tense 1.5 I worked
Sus
1.4. I have been working - Present Perfect Continuous - Prezent Perfect Continuu

O actiune care s-a desfasurat pana acum, si va continua probabil si in viitor.

Situatii in care Perfectul Compus (am muncit) din limba romana este echivalent cu Present Perfect
Continuous din limba engleza

Verbul reprezinta o actiune inceputa in trecut, continuata in prezent, si care poate

continua si in viitor
Am muncit la calea ferata
Cat e ziua de lunga
Am muncit la calea ferata
Ca sa mai treaca timpul

I have been working on the railroad

All live long day
I've been working on the railroad
Just to while my time away.

E un binecunoscut cantec englezesc. Am muncit la calea ferata toata ziua si o voi face
probabil si in viitor.
Situatii in care Perfectul Compus (am muncit) din limba romana NU este echivalent cu Present
Perfect Continuous din engleza

Vezi
cazurile
timpului
Present
Perfect
Vezi cazurile timpului Past Tense 1.5. I worked

1.3.

have

worked

Sus

1.5. I worked - Past Tense - Timpul Trecut

Past Tense reprezinta actiunea care s-a desfasurat in trecut si s-a terminat.
Situatii in care Perfectul Compus (am muncit) din limba romana este echivalent cu Past Tense din
engleza

verbul reprezinta actiune trecuta ce nu a fost intrerupta, nu e concomitenta cu

alta actiune, nu se continua in prezent folositi Past Tense.
I worked till my hands hurt

Am muncit pana ma dureau palmele.

Asta e usor de inteles, Am muncit dar acum m-am oprit.

De asemeni acest timp se foloseste foarte mult in povestiri (de exemplu vezi
poeziile de la Literatura)

Situatii in care Perfectul Compus (am muncit) din limba romana NU este echivalent cu Past Tense
din engleza

Vezi
cazurile
timpului
Present
Perfect
1.3.
I
have
worked
Vezi cazurile timpului Present Perfect Continuous 1.5. I have been working
Exista situatii in care Past Tense din limba engleza nu se traduce prin Perfectul Compus (am
muncit) din limba romana. Ca exemplu vedeti binecunoscutul cantec pentru copii de mai jos.

All around the cobbler's bench

The monkey chased the weasel
The monkey thought it was all in fun
Pop! goes the weasel

In jurul mesei cizmarului

Maimuta fugarea nevastuica
Maimuta credea ca se joaca
Bum! face nevastuica

Dupa cum vedeti verbul to chase cu past tense chased (e verb regulat la fel ca to work)
se traduce prin fugarea (Imperfect) sau fugari (considerat timpul folosit in povestiri in
romaneste) iar thought(Past Tense de la to think) se traduce tot prin Imperfect.
Atentie: Daca aveti indoieli ce timp trecut al verbului sa folositi in propozitii alegeti acest
timp - Past Tense. Va fi mai putin deranjanta greseala.
Sus

1.6. I was working - Past Continuous - Trecut Continuu

Past Continuous se refera la un eveniment in derulare la un moment in trecut care se

petrece simultan cu un alt eveniment.
Situatii in care Imperfectul (munceam) limbii romane este echivalent cu Past Continuous din limba
engleza

Verbul exprima o actiune in trecut care a fost intrerupta de altceva (ca si

"munceam" pe romaneste)
I was working when the meteorite fell/the
phone rang/you showed up.

Munceam cand meteoritul a cazut/a

sunat telefonul/ai aparut tu.

I was walking in the park one day

Ma plimbam in parc intr-o zi

In the merry, merry month of May

I was taken by surprise
By a pair of pearly eyes
In the merry, merry month of May

In vesela, vesela luna Mai

Am fost luat prin surprindere
De niste ochi perlati
In vesela, vesela luna Mai

Atentie:in cantecul de mai sus "was walking" este past continuous dar "was taken" nu
este past continuous. I was taken inseamna "am fost luat". Daca vrei sa exprimi verbul
la past continuous zici 'I was taking'.
Situatii in care Imperfectul (munceam) din limba romana NU este echivalent cu Past Continuous
din engleza

Verbul exprima o actiune inceputa anterioara unui moment dat sau anterioara
unei alte actiuni tot in trecut - atunci se foloseste Past Perfect
I had worked as a goldminer for a long
time when I finally struck it rich.

Lucram de mult timp ca miner de aur

cand in sfarsit am dat de bogatii.

Sus
1.7. I had worked - Past Perfect - Trecut Perfect

Verbul reprezinta o actiune inceputa anterioara unui moment trecut sau

anterioara unei actiuni trecute.
Situatii in care mai mult ca perfectul (muncisem, lucrasem) din limba romana este echivalent cu
Past Perfect din engleza

Verbul este o actiune ce s-a terminat in trecut fata de momentul/actiunea tot trecuta la
care se raporteaza
Emily said she had worked in her
garden that morning.

Emily a spus (trecut) ca lucrase in gradina (si

mai vechi) in dimineata aceea

Atentie:La fel ca in romaneste aceste timpuri nu sunt batute in cuie.

Emily
a
spus
ca
a
lucrat
in
gradina
in
dimineata
aceea
Emily
a
spus
ca
lucra
in
gradina
in
dimineata
aceea
Emily
a
spus
ca
lucrase
in
gradina
in
dimineata
aceea
Toate aceste forme sunt des folosite iar folosirea lor depinde (oarecum) de context.

Traducerea
acestor
propozitii:
Emily
said
she
worked
in
the
garden
that
morning
Emily said she was working in the garden that morning, respectiv
Emily
said
she
had
worked
in
the
garden
that
morning,
plus
Emily
said
she
had
been
working
in
the
garden
that
morning
se folosesc in limbajul curent depinzand si ele (oarecum) de context
Sus

1.8. I had been working - Past Perfect Continuous - Trecut Perfect Continuu

Verbul reprezinta o actiune in curs pana la un moment dat trecut cand a fost oprit de o
alta actiune a carui urmari continua si azi.
Situatii in care imperfectul (munceam, lucram) limbii romane este echivalent cu Past Perfect
Continuous din engleza

Verbul exprima o actiune trecuta, ce se afla inca in desfasurare, in momentul cand s-a
produs o alta actiune tot din trecut.
They had been working on the new house
before the fire destroyed it

(Ei)lucrau la casa cea noua inainte sa

fie distrusa de foc

He had been working slowly before hearing

of the new deadline.

(El)muncea incet inainte sa afle de

noul termen limita.

Situatii in care mai mult ca perfectul (muncisem, lucrasem) limbii romane este echivalent cu Past
Perfect Continuous din engleza

They had been working on the new house

for many months before the fire destroyed it

(Ei)lucrasera luni de zile la casa cea

noua inainte sa fie distrusa de foc

Situatii in care mai mult ca perfectul/imperfectul din limba romana NU este echivalent cu Past
Perfect Continuous din engleza

Vezi
cazurile
timpului
Present
Perfect
1.6.
Vezi cazurile timpului Past Continuous 1.7. I had worked
Sus

was

working

1.9. I will work - Future Tense (I am going to work) - Timpul Viitor

Verbul reprezinta o actiune viitoare nelimitata in timp.

Situatii in care verbul la viitor (voi munci) din limba romana este echivalent cu Future Tense din
engleza

Daca verbul reprezinta o actiune in viitor si nu va fi intrerupta, nu e concomitenta

cu alta actiune folositi Future Tense.
I will work OK?

Am sa muncesc, BINE?

Someday when I am big and strong

I will walk that road and sing a song
I will sing of roads so green and
wide
That turn and bend from side to
side
I will sing of roads that turn and
bend
That go from town to rainbow's end

Intr-o zi cand voi fi mare si puternic

Voi merge pe acel drum si voi canta un cantec
Voi canta despre drumuri verzi si late
Care se indoaie si serpuiesc dintr-o parte in
alta
Voi canta despre drumuri serpuitoare
Care merg din oras pana la capatul
curcubeului

Atentie: vezi (1.1 I work) pentru primul vers din poezia de mai sus
Situatii in care verbul la viitor (voi munci) din limba romana NU este echivalent cu Future Tense
din engleza

Cand verbul reprezinta o actiune in derulare la un moment dat in viitor - atunci se

foloseste Future Continuous 1.10. I will be working
I will be working in Paris next year

Voi lucra la Paris la anul

Sus
1.10. I will be working - Future Conntinuous - Viitor Continuu

Verbul reprezinta o actiune in derulare la un moment dat in viitor

She will be coming round the mountain when

she comes

Cand vine, (ea) va veni in jurul

muntelui

Sus

1.11. I will have worked - Future Perfect - Viitor Perfect

I will have worked for 20 years next month. Luna viitoare eu o sa fi lucrat de 20 de ani.
(alt
timp
clar)
Echivalentul
lui
"voi
fi
lucrat"
Sus

1.12. I will have been working - Future Perfect Continuous - Viitor Perfect
Continuu

Acest timp nu prea se foloseste, pune mai mult accentul pe perioada lunga de timp
decat 1.11 Future Continuous
Se traduce tot prin "voi fi lucrat", si ca toate formele de timpuri continue implica o
actiune in derulare
By 2010 he will have been working for 40 years

In 2010 el va fi lucrat de 40 de ani

Sus

Verbul in engleza la diateza pasiva

Actiunea e suportata de subiect
De exemplu verbul to wash - a spala (alt verb regulat: wash - washed - washed)
2.1 The laundry is washed weekly - Rufele sunt spalate saptamanal.
Dar:
I
wash
the
laundry
weekly
Eu
spal
rufele
saptamanal
2.2 I am washing laundry now - The laundry is being washed now.
2.3 I have washed the laundry - The laundry has been washed.
2.4 I have been washing the laundry - The laundry has been washed.
2.5 I washed the laundry yesterday - The laundry was washed yesterday.

2.6 I was washing the laundry - The laundry was being

2.7 I had washed the laundry- The laundry had been
2.8 I had been washing the laundry - The laundry had been
2.9
I
will
wash
the
laundryThe
laundry
will
be
2.10 I will be washing the laundry - The laundry will be
2.11 I will have washed the laundry - The laundry will have been
2.12 I will have been washing the laundry - The laundry will have been washed

washed
washed
washed
washed.
washed.
washed