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Cambridge IGCSE
Chemistry
0620
Cambridge Secondary 2
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permitted to copy material from this booklet for their own internal use. However, we cannot give permission
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Centre.
IGCSE is the registered trademark of Cambridge International Examinations.
Cambridge International Examinations 2013
Contents
Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 3
Section 1: Syllabus overview ............................................................................................... 5
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
Aims
Assessment objectives
The assessment structure
Curriculum content
Practical assessment
Appendices ..................................................................................................................... 25
Appendix A: Teaching syllabus version 1
Appendix B: Teaching syllabus version 2
Appendix C: Sample medium-term plan
Appendix D: Sample lesson plan template
Appendix E: Sample plan for a 70 minute lesson on the order of reactivity
Appendix F: Suggested practical activities
Introduction
Introduction
The purpose of the teacher guide
This teacher guide is designed to introduce you to the IGCSE Chemistry syllabus and support materials from
Cambridge. It will help you to organise and plan your teaching. It also offers advice and guidance on delivery,
classroom practice (including practical work) and preparing your learners for their final assessment.
Introduction
Paper 1
All candidates take Paper 1. This is a multiple-choice paper. The questions are set on the Core syllabus
content only. The questions test AO A and AO B. The Paper is taken in an examination room, under strict
examination conditions. The completed answer sheets are sent to Cambridge to be marked.
Paper 2 or Paper 3
Each candidate takes either Paper 2 or Paper 3. These are both made up of structured questions, which
test AO A and AO B. The papers are taken in an examination room, under strict examination conditions. The
completed papers are sent to Cambridge to be marked.
You need to be aware of the differences between these two papers.
Paper 2 tests candidates on their knowledge and understanding of the Core syllabus content only, while
Paper 3 tests them on their knowledge and understanding of the Core and Supplement content. (See
1.4.1 for an explanation of Core and Supplement content.)
Paper 2 tends to contain questions that are slightly less demanding in terms of reasoning skills than
Paper 3. The questions tend to be shorter, contain less reading for candidates, and require shorter
answers.
However many marks candidates obtain on Paper 2, they cannot achieve more than a Grade C.
Candidates taking Paper 3 can achieve any grade from A* down to G.
An understanding of the differences between these two papers will help you to decide on whether you
will teach both the Core and Supplement syllabus content, or the Core only. Candidates who are unlikely
to get a Grade C are likely to achieve a better grade if they study only the Core and take Paper 2. However,
candidates who you think stand a good chance of achieving a Grade C or above should study both Core and
Supplement (known as the Extended Curriculum), and take Paper 3. This is also important for candidates
who are likely to want to continue their studies of Chemistry beyond IGCSE.
Weightings
The weighting of a paper tells you the relative importance of that paper in deciding the candidates overall
mark and final grade.
The table below summarises the weightings of the three components that a candidate will take at the end
of their course.
Paper
Weighting
Paper 1
30%
Paper 2 or Paper 3
50%
20%
You will remember that Paper 1, Paper 2 and Paper 3 test largely AO A and AO B.
The table below summarises how the three assessment objectives are tested in the three examination
components. It also shows the weighting of the three AOs in the whole examination.
Assessment Objective
Paper 1
(marks)
Papers
2 or 3
(marks)
Papers
4, 5 or 6
(marks)
Whole
assessment
(%)
2530
4852
4754
1015
2832
2633
40
20
If you look at the final column of the table above, you can see that:
This means that only half of the total marks in the three examination papers are for knowledge and
understanding of the syllabus content. Half of the marks are for being able to use this knowledge and
understanding in new contexts, and for experimental skills. It is essential to bear this in mind as you plan
your IGCSE Chemistry course. You need to spend at least as much time helping students to develop their
AO B and AO C skills, as in helping them to learn facts and concepts.
In addition there are three concepts relating the study of Chemistry to everyday life. These should be
incorporated into sections of the syllabus where appropriate.
the finite life of the worlds resources and the need for recycling and conservation
economic considerations in the chemical industry such as the availability and cost of raw materials and
energy
Chemistry is a subject where one topic often depends on a number of others if it is to be understood fully.
For this reason it often does not make sense to study the subject one syllabus section at a time. Studying
the units in the order printed in the syllabus is not recommended.
There is more discussion of alternative ways to organise the syllabus section in the next section (Planning
the course).
10
The amount of teaching time available each week for the duration of the course.
Whether your teaching groups will be mixed ability or will be streamed by ability.
The number of lessons you will need to cover the syllabus (the recommended time for an IGCSE course
is 130 hours of teaching time)
Starting with the structure of atoms followed by the Periodic Table and then the chemistry of different
elements.
Starting with raw materials such as petroleum, air, water carbonates etc. and covering their uses before
the Chemistry theory.
Starting with topics which are conceptually easier, saving the more difficult topics for the second year of
the course.
Using the suggested pattern in the schemes of work provided on Teacher Support.
11
Two possible re-orderings of the syllabus topics are included in the Appendix but these take no account of
your particular situation. The most important thing is to choose a teaching order that suits you, your learners
and the availability of resources at your school.
A long-term plan should also consider how practical skills will be developed and which topics will contribute
largely to the development of these skills. This is particularly important if you intend to follow the Paper 4
route to practical assessment.
A long-term plan is not set in stone; it is a working document. As the course progresses you can adapt it as
required. When you have worked through it once or twice you will have a much better idea of the best way
for you to work through the syllabus.
they are arranged in a way which may not be what you had designed in your long-term plan
they have many suggestions for suitable activities and web sites which you would not necessarily have
the time or the resources to follow.
They could be used as they stand as one way of moving through the course, although timings for each
section would have to be added.
They are certainly a good source of possible practical exercises and web addresses.
However:
Always check URLs before using them. Web addresses do change from time to time and you need to
know what you would be accessing in advance.
It is really better to develop your own scheme of work as this is more likely to be suitable for your
Centre and your learners.
An example of a medium-term plan is included in the appendix. Some of the information from the published
Cambridge scheme of work (Unit 06: Metals and the Reactivity Series) is used in the plan.
A medium-term plan is best developed with contributions from all of the teachers who will be using it. If
they have had an input they will feel an ownership of the plan and will be more likely to adhere to it.
12
A medium-term plan, like a long-term plan, should not be set in stone. It should, if necessary, be amended
if it is found not to be working as planned. It should certainly be reviewed at the end of each year to assess
how well it has worked and to decide if any improvements could be incorporated.
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14
It should detail the learning activities which will take place and have approximate timings showing how long
each part of the lesson will last.
A lesson should ideally have three main parts:
an end, in which learners can assess their understanding of what has gone before.
It is most convenient to have a printed template to use in lesson planning. You could design your own but
there are many available on the internet or in books. One example is included in the appendix.
Lesson middle (the main activity). This may build on and extend previous understanding, explore and
solve practical problems, develop knowledge and skills, practise previously learned techniques or any of
many other alternatives. It is important not to include too many activities, but equally important not to
spend so much time on one activity that learners become de-motivated. Good lessons will involve the
learners in the activities as much as possible. Timings should be included for each separate activity.
5. Lesson end (plenary). This part of the lesson brings it to an organised conclusion. Learners can assess
how well they understand the material covered during the lesson. This may involve a short written
exercise or a question and answer session. It may also be used to link to whatever is going to happen in
the next session. This should again take around five minutes at most.
15
6. Resources. Your plan should also include a list of the resources (books, internet, practical equipment,
chemicals, etc.) which will be needed in each session of the lesson.
7. Risk Assessment. If your lesson includes any practical activity, whether a demonstration or a class
practical, an assessment of the risks involved should be included with the lesson plan.
8. Assessment of Learning. How will you check:
what your learners know/understand before the lesson
9. Differentiation. How will you try to ensure that the lesson is accessible to all of the learners so that all
will benefit from the experience? This is especially important with mixed ability groups. There is more
on differentiation in the next section.
16
17
If time permits, learners should be encouraged to set up their own apparatus and to clear things away
afterwards. This is especially true if your Centre has no help from a science technician to deal with the
preparation of practical lessons.
where the teacher wishes to demonstrate a technique to be used by the class, e.g. using a pipette and
burette
The first three are self-explanatory but the final two may need amplification.
It can be a good idea to explain to a class what is happening during an experiment. This may be something
relatively simple like fractional distillation. Explaining each step of the process as it is carried out will produce
more learning than simply letting the candidates carry it out for themselves.
A spectacular demonstration followed by the question Now why did that happen? can sometimes be a
good way to introduce a topic. However, the temptation to use flashes, bangs and nasty smells purely for
the sake of it should be resisted.
18
Lecture
Reading: 10%
Audiovisual: 20%
Demonstration: 30%
Discussion: 50%
Practise doing: 75%
Teach others: 90%
From this it will be seen that although audiovisual (videos and computer animations) may be better than
a lecture (being told by a teacher), there are methods which are better still. Clearly not everything can be
absorbed by discussion and practice, but activities where the learners actually participate work better.
At least some such activities (active learning) should be used alongside practical work in order to maximise
learning. There will not be time for everything to be covered in this way but some topics certainly should be.
The Royal Society of Chemistry has developed a series of activities called Alchemy.
www.rsc.org/education/teachers/resources/alchemy/index2.htm
The industrial processes in the syllabus are included and each topic can be downloaded. There is
information to read, a video to watch and questions to answer. Learners interact with the information
delivered. Different groups could even investigate different processes and then teach others by explaining
the process to a different group.
There are, of course, many other methods of getting learners involved and plenty of ideas in books and on
the web.
4.3 Differentiation
Differentiation is a way of trying to ensure that members of your group with differing abilities can all access
the material you are delivering. There are a number of ways of approaching this problem and, again, they
can be found in books and on the web. They fall into three main categories.
Differentiation by outcome. In this method an open-ended task is set which can be accessed by all,
e.g. Find out how these metals react with acid. Learners will produce different results according to
their ability, but all of their outputs will be valid.
Differentiation by task. Learners are set slightly different tasks based on the same objective. This may
involve worksheets which pose questions on the same topic where differing amounts of understanding
are required.
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20
Differentiation by support. All learners undertake the same task but those who are weaker are given
additional support; writing frames, where a template is provided for them to record their work, are one
way of doing this.
5.2 Paper 1
Paper 1 consists of forty multiple-choice questions. Each one has four possible responses; the correct
answer and three distractors. Some of these distractors are, intentionally, very similar to the correct answer
and it is easy to choose the wrong one especially if a candidate does not read all of the possible responses
and instead opts for the first one which seems about right.
The following are useful pieces of advice for those attempting multiple-choice questions.
Never leave an answer blank. No marks are lost for wrong answers.
Always read all of the responses before deciding on an answer (see above).
Look out for the word not as in which of the following is not...; candidates often get such questions
wrong through carelessness.
If you do not know the correct answer, dont just guess, cross out any which are obviously wrong first. It
is better to guess one of two than one of four.
Dont spend too long thinking about a difficult question; leave it and come back to it later.
21
If an answer is given more than one mark, more than one piece of information is needed.
The number of lines provided for an answer is a guide to the amount of information required.
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Cambridge provides a dedicated coursework guide called the: Coursework Training Handbook (Part 1):
Guidance which offers extensive advice on planning, delivery and assessment as well as exemplar material.
It covers all the Cambridge IGCSE Sciences including Combined, Coordinated and Physical Science.
The guide is available on Teacher Support or a printed version may be ordered through the Publications
Catalogue, accessible via the Cambridge public website www.cie.org.uk. This guide aims to provide material
that will help teachers to deliver the coursework in alignment with the assessment criteria throughout the
duration of the course.
A separate publication called: Coursework Training Handbook (Part 2): Teacher Accreditation is available for
those seeking accreditation. Through the Publications Catalogue which can be found on the Cambridge
website.
Teachers seeking accreditation must work through Part 1 of the Coursework Training Handbook before
attempting the accreditation course (Part 2) which consists of a number of tasks that teachers must work
through and then submit to Cambridge for appraisal.
Teachers are notified (by post) within 46 weeks whether they have achieved accreditation status. If
accreditation status is not awarded then the teacher can still continue to teach and mark coursework
though they should not take part in moderating the marking of others. Teachers are free to resubmit their
applications for accreditation any number of times, although each submission will incur a fee.
6.4 Training
Teacher Support also has a list of upcoming training events. These include:
on-line courses, including tutor-led courses. The tutor-led courses are highly recommended to help you
improve your teaching skills. They are intended for teachers who have already been teaching IGCSE
Chemistry for one year
face-to-face courses, held at various venues at different times throughout the year. These enable
you to meet up with other IGCSE Chemistry teachers, and also to interact directly with a trainer from
Cambridge
online seminars, which are led over a short period of time by an expert, and focus on specific issues
such as syllabus changes or the recent examination session.
You can also find information about face-to-face training events at www.cie.org.uk/events
In addition, Cambridge runs professional development courses for teachers who want to develop their
thinking and practice. These include the Cambridge International Certificate for Teachers and Trainers, and
the Cambridge International Diploma for Teachers and Trainers. You can find information about these at
www.cie.org.uk/qualifications/teacher
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Appendices
Appendices
Appendix A: Teaching syllabus version 1
Appendix B: Teaching syllabus version 2
Appendix C: Sample medium-term plan
Appendix D: Sample lesson plan template
Appendix E: Sample plan for a 70 minute lesson on the order of reactivity
Appendix F: Suggested practical activities
25
26
Syllabus reference
Particles
Separation
Atoms elements and compounds
Bonding
The Periodic Table
Oxides
Acids bases and salts
Identification of ions and gases
Equations
Calculations
Speed of reaction
Reversible reactions
Reactivity of metals
Properties of metals
Uses of metals
Extraction of metals
Electricity and chemistry
Redox
Carbonates
Sulfur
Fuels
Air and water
Names of compounds
Organic chemistry
1
2.2
3.1
3.2
9
8.2
8.1 + 8.3
8.4
4
4.1
7.1
7.2
10.2 + 6.2 part
10.1
10.3b
10.3a
5
7.3
13
12
14.2 + 6.1 & 6.2 part
11
14.1
14.3-14.8
Appendix B:
Syllabus reference
11
2.2
13
12
10.3
10.3
14.2
14.3-14.8
6.1,6.2
7.1
7.2
1
3.1
3.2
9
7.3
8.1-8.3
8.4
4
4.1
27
Ref
Learning Objective
Teaching activities
Resources
10.1
10.1
10.2
10.2
Order of reactivity
of same metals by
displacement with
solutions of salts of
others in the list.
10.2
6.2
28
Learning Objective
Teaching activities
Resources
10.2
10.3a
10.3a
10.3a
10.3a
+5
Describe the
conversion of iron into
steel using basic oxides
and oxygen.
10.3a
Worksheets.
10.3b
+10.2
29
Describe in outline
the manufacture of
aluminium from pure
aluminium oxide in
molten cryolite.
10.3b
Teaching activities
Resources
30
10.3b
+5
Learning Objective
School:
Date:
Teacher name:
Class:
Number present:
Absent:
Learning objective(s)
that this lesson is
contributing to
Lesson objectives
Vocabulary,
terminology and
phrases
Previous learning
Plan
Planned
timings
Planned activities
Resources
Beginning
Middle
End
31
Additional information
Differentiation how
do you plan to give
more support? How do
you plan to challenge
the more able learners?
Summary evaluation
What two things went really well (consider both teaching and learning)?
1:
2:
What two things would have improved the lesson (consider both teaching and learning)?
1:
2:
What have I learned from this lesson about the class or individuals that will inform my next
lesson?
32
School:
Date:
Teacher name:
Class:
Number present:
Absent:
Learning objective(s)
that this lesson is
contributing to 10.2
Reactivity Series
Lesson objectives
Vocabulary,
terminology and
phrases
Previous learning
They know that alkali metals react with water to produce hydrogen.
Plan
Planned
timings
Resources
Beginning
7 minutes
Middle
5 minutes
10 minutes
10 minutes
10 minutes
10 minutes
10 minutes
33
End
5 minutes
Additional information
Differentiation how
do you plan to give
more support? How do
you plan to challenge
the more able learners?
Answers on sheets +
correct positions for
additional elements for
more able.
Summary evaluation
What two things went really well (consider both teaching and learning)?
1: They enjoyed the video and were keen to start their practical.
2: They enjoyed popping the hydrogen.
What two things would have improved the lesson (consider both teaching and learning)?
1: The demonstration wasnt as good as it could have been. Class wasnt involved.
2: Assessment task at the end was too easy for the more able. Most got it right.
What have I learned from this lesson about the class or individuals that will inform my next
lesson?
A few students were not as sensible as they should have been with acid. They need a warning before
next time.
34
In liquids spread of blue from a copper sulfate crystal at the bottom of water.
In gases the spread of a smell (nice or nasty) around a room.
Quantitatively HCl and NH3 gas (from their solutions) in a closed tube.
Section 2
Purity
Purification
Section 3
Elements mixture
and compounds
Heat iron filings and sulfur. Try to separate before and after.
Dutch metal (copper) and chlorine gas. Alloys react brass with
hydrochloric acid leaving the copper behind.
Bonding
Section 4
Stoichiometry
The Mole
Many examples, e.g. titrations of simple acids and bases. Mg + H2SO4 measure the
hydrogen produced and evaporate the magnesium sulfate to dryness. The numbers
work well.
Section 5
Electrolysis
Section 6
Chemical changes
Reacting sodium carbonate and sodium hydrogen carbonate separately with HCl.
Comparing two fuels by using them in spirit burners to heat water.
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Section 7
Rate Concentration
The reaction between sodium thiosulfate and hydrochloric acid. Colour change.
The reaction of magnesium or marble with hydrochloric acid.
Collect the gas.
Rate temperature
Limestone pieces and acid are easiest to do (use weight loss on a balance).
Rate catalyst
Rate light
Reversible reactions Heating hydrated copper sulfate and, after cooling, adding water.
Redox
Section 8
Properties of acids
and bases
Types of oxides
Burning elements in oxygen or air, dissolving oxide in water and testing with UVI.
Making salts
Acid + excess metal, acid + excess oxide, acid + excess carbonate in all cases
followed by filtration and evaporation to crystallisation point.
Insoluble salts by precipitation, followed by filtration washing and drying.
Section 9
36
Group properties
Transition metals
Compare a range of transition metals and their compounds with other metals to
show colour and variable oxidation, cf. Redox.
Section 10
Reactivity Series
Section 11
Composition of
the air
Rusting
Sections 12 and 13
Limestone
Strongly heat a piece of limestone to form lime, allow to cool and then add water.
Section 14
Fuels
Burn fuels and test to show products are carbon dioxide and water.
Fractional distillation of petroleum to compare properties of the fractions.
Alkanes and alkenes Compare the flames from alkanes and alkenes.
Test alkanes and alkenes with bromine water.
Macromolecules
37
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