Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
Caracteristici
n primul rnd, n mecanismul acreditivului sunt
implicate relaii de creditare
O a doua caracteristic este formalismul sau
caracterul documentar
O a treia caracteristic este independena acreditivului
fa de relaia contractual de baz
O alt caracteristic este caracterul de garanie al
acreditivului, ndeosebi atunci cnd acesta este
irevocabil
n sfrit, o caracteristic este adaptabilitatea, n sensul
c, prin tipurile sale, acreditivul poate fi adecvat
diferitelor operaiuni de comer exterior.
Documentary Credit
Procedure
Sale Contract
Buyer
(Importer)
Request
for Credit
Seller
(Exporter)
Deliver Goods
Documents
& Claim for
Payment
Present
Documents
Deliver
Letter of
Credit
Present
Importers Bank
(Issuing Bank)
Documents
Payment
Send Credit
Exporters Bank
(Advising Bank)
Avantaje
un risc foarte redus de neplat a mrfurilor livrate,
avnd n vedere angajamentul de plat al unei bnci: n
cazul acreditivului confirmat putem vorbi de
securitatea total a plii; n cazul celui neconfirmat
irevocabil, sigurana este ridicat; iar n cazul celui
revocabil acceptabil;
implicarea bncilor n verificarea documentelor de
livrare (conformitatea aparent a acestora); riscul
pierderii documentelor transmise prin intermediul
bncilor, este minim ;
derularea plilor este supus unor reguli recunoscute
pe plan internaional; se poate vorbi de caracterul
universal al acestei tehnici, prin aplicarea RUU 500 al
CCI. Ca atare nu exist riscul unor nenelegeri
izvorte din dispoziii echivoce ori contradictorii ale
diferitelor legi naionale.
adaptabilitatea la specificul diferitelor categorii de
operaiuni comerciale internaionale.
Inconveniente
Definition of a Trade
Letter of Credit
A letter addressed to a beneficiary (exporter) by a bank
(issuing bank)
wherein the bank undertakes, on behalf of an applicant
(importer)
to effect payment to the beneficiary for merchandise
shipped or services performed
provided that the beneficiary presents the required
documents in compliance with the terms of the letter of
credit
Documents Common to an
Export L/C
Commercial Invoice
Packing List
Bills of Lading
Certificate of Origin
Other Certificates: Quality, Inspection
Beneficiary Statements
Agreement
Importer
Application
Issuing
Bank
SWIFT
U.S.
Bank
Letter of
Credit
Issuing
Bank
4.
U.S.
Bank
Importer
Goods
7. Assuming clean
documents, U.S. Bank pays
exporter by debiting
Issuing
Banks account or
upon receipt of
funds from a separate reimbursing
bank. Documents sent to Issuing
Bank.
Exporter
U.S.
Bank
Documents
Issuing
Bank
8.
Do
cs
Documents
Goods
Issuing
Bank
9.
Agreement
Letter of
Credit
Documents
U.S.
Bank
Importer
Application
Letter of
Credit
Documents
Documents
Issuing
Bank
To the Importer:
Documentary evidence
Payment protection
that the ordered goods
Reliance on issuing
have been shipped on
banks credit rather
time
than buyers
Assurance that necessary
clearance documents will
Rapid, local source of
be provided
repayment, if payable
Payment deferred until
at a U.S. bank