1. Disear por flexin el momento positivo de diseo.

Considere ancho =
1.60m, s/c=600 kg/m2, fc=280kg/cm2, fy=4200 kg/cm2.

0.17

0.17
CP=0.17

Solucin:
Dimensionamiento:
t=

Ln 3.8
L 3.8
= =0.15 , n =
=0.19 t=17 cm
25 25
20 20
cos ( ) =
h=

30
=0.87
172 +302

17
17
+ =28.04 cm
cos () 2

Metrado de Cargas:
P.P = 0.2804 1.60 2.4 1.2

= 1.29t/m

Acabado = 0.10 1.60 1.2

= 0.19 t/m

s/c = 0.6 1.60 1.6

= 1.54 t/m

wu2

= 3.02

P.P = 0.15 1.60 2.4 1.2

= 0.69 t/m

Acabado = 0.10 1.60 1.2

= 0.19 t/m

s/c = 0.6 1.60 1.6

= 1.54 t/m

wu1

= 2.42 t/m

4.075 R B=

2.42 4.075 2
2.30
+(3.02 2.42)2.30 1.775+
2
2

Rb = 5.92 t

L1 = 1.70 + 0.15/2 = 1.775 m

L2 = 2.10 + 0.40/2 = 2.30m

Hallamos el momento mximo:

Vx = RB wu2Xo = 0 Xo = 1.96 m
+

Diseo:
1/2 = 1.27 cm
d = 17 - (2 + 1.27/2) = 14.37 cm
AS=

AS f y
M
; a=
0.85 f ' c b
0.9 f y ( da /2 )

a = 2 cm As = 9.14 cm2 a = 1.01 cm

As = 8.82 cm2 a = 0.97 cm
As = 8.80 cm2 a = 0.97 cm conforme
#varillas =8.8/1.27=6.9 7
Usar :
7 1 /2 @ {160-(42+1.27)} over {6} =25.12 cm

Respuesta: 7 1/2" @ 0.25

2. Disear la escalera E1 que se muestra en la figura adjunta. Considere f

c=175 kg/cm2; fy=4200 kg/cm2, s/c=400 kg/m2.

Solucin:
Dimensionamiento:
Primer Tramo
t=

Ln 2.5
L 2.5
= =0.1, n =
=0.125 t=12 cm
25 25
20 20

Segundo Tramo
t=

Ln 4.25
L 4.25
=
=0.17 , n =
=0.21 t=20 cm
25 25
20 20

Diseo Primer Tramo:

P.P. Tramo Inclinado:
hm =h+
h=

cp
2

t
cos

cos =

P
P +cp 2
2

25
12
=0.86 h=
=13.95 cm
2
2
0.827
25 +15
17
hm =13.95+ =22.45 cm
2

cos =

Metrado de Cargas:
Peso Propio = 0.22 1.00 2.4 1.2 = 0.63

t/m

Acabado = 0.1 1.00 1.2

= 0.120 t/m

s/c = 0.4 1.0 1.6

= 0.640 t/m

wu1

= 1.39 t/m

wu2

P.P. = 0.12 2.4 1.2 1.00

= 0.35 t/m

Acabado

= 0.12 t/m

s/c

= 0.64 t/m

wu2

= 1.11 t/m

2.825
1.925
+ ( 1.391.11 ) 1.80
=1.91 t
2
2.825
R
1.91 t
V X =R1 wu 1 X o=0 X o= 1 =
=1.24 m
w u 1 1.53 t /m
R1=1.11

M max =R1 X o wu 1=

Xo
( 1.24 )2
=1.91 ( 1.24 )1.39
2
2
1.3 t m

Diseo:
Considerando 3/8" d =12 2

0.95
2

= 9.52

cm

Mdiseo = 0.9 (+)Mmax = 1.17 t-m

1.17 105
a=2 cm A s=
=3.48 cm 2
0.9 4200 (9.521)
a=

AS f y
=0.98 cm
0.85 f ' c b

As = 3.28cm2 a = 0.93 cm
As = 3.27 cm2 a = 0.92 cm

conforme

min = 0.0018 As min = min b d

= 0.0018 100 9.52 = 1.71cm2
A s=4.01 cm2 s=
Para

A 0.71
=
=0.17 3/8 @ 0.20
A s 4.19

b = 1.20 m; As = 1.20 3.27 = 3.92 cm2

#varillas =3.92/0.71=5.5 6
Usar 6 3/8" @ 0.18

Espaciamiento Mximo:
smax = 3t = 36 cm
smax = 45 cm

CONFORME

Refuerzo Negativo

As

Asmin = 1.71 cm2 1.2 =2.052 cm2

Se considera la mitad del refuerzo de momento positivo debido a que el apoyo de muro
de albailera portante continuo es un apoyo rgido
Usar

3 3/8" @ 0.35

s = 0.56 m
smax = 3t = 36cm
smax = 45 cm
As transversal = Ast = 0.0018 (100) 12 = 2.16 cm2
3/8" @ 0.33
Usar 3/8" @ 0.30 m
DISEO DEL 2do. TRAMO
Tramo Inclinado:
Cos (a) = 0.827
20
=24.18 cm
0.827
17
hm =24.18+ =32.68 cm
2
h=

Metrado de Cargas:
Peso propio : 0.327 1.0 2.4 1.2

= 0.94 t/m

Acabado : 0.10 1.0 1.2

= 0.12 t/m

s/c : 0.4 1.0 1.8

= 0.64 t/m
wu1 = 1.70 t/m

wu2 = p.p = 0.20 1.0 2.4 1.2

= 0.58 t/m

Acabado

= 0.12 t/m

s/c

= 0.64 t/m
wu2 = 1.34 t/m
R1=1.34

4.70
2.325
+(1.701.34 ) 2
=3.51 t
2
4.70

Vx = R1 W2x0 (w1 w2) (x0 1.375) = 0

3.51 1.34 x0 (0.36) x0 + 0.495 = 0 x0 = 2.36 m

(2.360.495 )2
2.36 2
M max=3.512.361.34
0.36
2
2

( )

4.31 tm

(+)Mdiseo= 0.9(+)Mmax = 3.88 t-m

Diseo:
Usando 1/2" d = 20 - 2 -

Para a=2 cm A s=
a=

1.27
2

= 17.36cm

4.31 105
=6.97 cm 2
09 4200 ( 17.361 )

7.1 6 4200
=197 cm A s=6.96 cm 2
0.85 175 100

a = 1.97cm

conforme

As min = 0.0018 bd = 0.0018 100 17.36 = 3.12 cm2

@ 0.17 m
Para b = 1.20 As = 1.2 6.96 = 8.35 cm2
7 1/2" @ 0.18 m
As transversal = As temp = 0.0018 bt = 0.0018 (100)(20)
= 3.6 cm2

3/8 @ 0.20 m

Refuerzo para momento negativo en los apoyos:

As

Para b = 1.20m -As = 4.18cm2

6 3/8" @ 0.22 m
Los espaciamientos son menores que los mximos permisibles.
VI. BIBLIOGRAFIA

http://biblioteca.sena.edu.co/exlibris/aleph/u21_1/alephe/www_f_spa/icon/co
nstruccion/4/9.html