MDM4U1

Exam Review Package Solutions

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Permutations
1.

a) 16
b)

R
B
R
B
R
B
R
B
R
B
R
B
R
B
R
B

R
R
B
R
R
B
B
R
R
B
B
R
B
B

c)

2.

3.

Answers may vary. For example, there are 4 stages and 2 choices in each stage, so there are 2 4 =
16 outcomes.

a)

18!
18!
15!
306 b)
336 c)
210
16!
5!
13!

d)

11!
39 916 800
0!

e)

9!
1
9!

a) i) 27 ii) 39
b) i)
Uses multiplicative principle; each of the three signals are a separate stage with three
choices in each stage.
ii)

Uses both; each of 1, 2, 3 signals use the multiplicative principle and are mutually
exclusive actions.

4.

a) 840 b) 480 c) 360

5.

6.

a) 24 b) 180 c) 2520

7.

1897 4-digit numbers are possible

8.

54 different routes are possible

MDM4U1
Exam Review Package Solutions

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Combinations
1.

a)
b)
c)
b)

1
293 930 A calculator would be used for this one.
54
1431

2.

a)
b)

24C14

19C3

3.

a) 10(4x)3 (y)2 = 640x3y2

b) 6(2x)2(3y)2 = 216x2y2

4.

a) 1(7x)3 + 3(7x)2(4y)1 + 3(7x)(4y)2 + 1(4y)3

b) C(5, 0)(3a)5 (5b)0 + C(5, 1)(3a)4(5b)1 + C(5, 2)(3a3)(5b)2 + C(5, 3)(3a)2(5b)3 + C(5,
4)(3a)1(5b)4 + C(5, 5)(3a)0(5b)5

5.

a)
b)
c)
d)

6.

a) C(15, 3) = 455
b) P(15, 3) = 2730
b) No. The first is a combination, since the order does not matter and the second is a permutation,
since the order matters.

7.

a) 37
S

C(20, 4) = 4845
C(8, 4) = 70
C(8, 2)C(12, 2) = 1848
4775

volleyball
4
4

5
2

basketball

3
12

soccer

b) 5
8.

56

9.

a) 65 535
b) 324

10. 1,146,750 committees are possible

11. 33,936 hands have at least one spade

One Variable Stats

MDM4U1
Exam Review Package Solutions

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1.

Answers will vary

2.

a) mean = 105 500 km, median = 102 000 km, mode = 102 000 km or 128 000 km.
b) Answers may vary.
c) The use of midpoints assumes the values are evenly spread out within each interval.

3.

S = 38.98, IQ = 44.5

4.

a)

b) 34, 43, and 223

c) The mean is greater (106), the median is unchanged, and the mode is unchanged without the
outliers.
5.

No, because the spread of the data is very wide.

6.

34, 43, 56, 57, 65, 69, 73

7.

84.5%

8.

a) simple random b) voluntary response

c) stratified d) multi-stage

9.

a) Response bias. Ask students to circle an appropriate number on an anonymous survey sheet.
b) Measurement bias. Move the poll to the beginning of the magazine or to a different issue entirely.
c) Non-response bias. Select residents of both urban and suburban areas through an appropriate
random selection process.

10. Answers will vary, but you should be able to calculate the mark shown online using a weighted mean
system. Make sure you change all percentages to their decimal equivalents (i.e. 78% = 0.78 in a
calculation)

MDM4U1
Exam Review Package Solutions

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Two Variable Stats

1.

a) a moderate pattern in which as one variable increases, as the other variable increases in direct
proportion
b) a group similar to an experimental group in a study, except that the independent variable in the
study B held constantits members do not receive the treatment administered to the experimental
group.
c) an observed correlation between two variables, while not seemingly accidental, the causal nature
of which is not apparent
d) a quantitative measure of the strength of linear correlation; how close a line fits a set of data
e) a quantitative measure of the strength of non-linear correlation; how closely a curve fits a set of
data

2.

a) 0.2

3.

a, b, c) strong (positive) linear correlation:

b) 0.75

c) 0

d)

e) 0.46

d) 13.6 cm
4.

a, b) strong (positive) linear correlation:

y1 = 2.46x115.29
r=0.98

c)

outlier (55, 17)

d)

5.

a)
original model: 86 points
with outlier removed: 75 points
The original model gives a more optimistic prediction.
b) Answers may vary, for example, discount the outlier because Vladimir was not in top form, and
this, it does no t represent a typical season.

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Exam Review Package Solutions

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6.

a) The hidden variable is an extraneous variable that is difficult to detect.

b) Answers may vary.

7.

a, b) strong linear correlation; outlier (16.4, 74)

b)
c)

d) Answers may vary, for example, because the original model has a steeper slope suggests that
greater funds lead to more arrests.
e) Answers may vary, for example, city population, socio-economic factors; governing member more
likely to point these out, since they invalidate causality.

MDM4U1
Exam Review Package Solutions

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Probability
1.

a)

b)

5
2.

a)
c)

7
20

b)

c)

7
10

1
2

Answers may vary, for example, the empirical probability does not equal

d) statistical fluctuation
e) Conduct many more trials.
3.

343 : 657

4.

a) Ally; her odds in favour are greater.

b) P(C) = 0.1, P(A) = 0.105

5.

a)

6.

1
6

b)

7
282

c)

7
3 067 878

1
6

7.

a) 0.012 b) 0.0028 c) 0.52 d) 0.94

8.

a)

2
5

b)

1
20

1
2

MDM4U1
Exam Review Package Solutions

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10. a)

8
27

C
E

27
4

E
C
C

27
2
27
4

E
E

27

C
C

27
2

E
C
C

27

1
27

b) See Tree Diagram! (Multiply the probabilities from each branch of the tree)
ex. EEE = (2/3)*(2/3)*(2/3) = 8/27

c) 1; Yes, the sum of the probabilities for all possible outcomes must equal 1.
d)

19
27

e)

6
27

f) 7:20

MDM4U1
Exam Review Package Solutions

Probability Distributions
1.

a)
b)
c)
d)

geometric
hypergeometric
uniform
binomial

2.

$0.14

3.

a)
b)
c)
d)

4.

120.95 cm2

5.

a) x: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10
P(x): 0.107 374 182 400,
0.268 435 456 000,
0.301 989 888.000,
0.201 326 592 000,
0.088 080 384 000,
0.026 424 115 200,
0.005 505 024 000,
0.000 786 432 000,
0.000 073 728 000,
0.000 004 096 000,
0.000 000 102 400
b) 200

6.

a) 0.5981
b) 5 rolls

7.

11.4 Ontarians

8.

a) 0.7373
b) 0.05792
c) 1

9.

87.5%

0.3359
0.2066
0.9
1.8

10. $1.50 per game

11. 750 raccoons

Name _______________________________

MDM4U1
Exam Review Package Solutions

Name _______________________________

Normal Distributions
1.

a) 78.02%
b) 3.28%
c) 16.42 packages

2.

continuity correction

3.

a) Sample prediction: the results using normal approximation will be the same, to the nearest tenth.
b) i) 0.5688
ii) 0.5932
c) For sample prediction given in part (a), yes, the calculations support the prediction, since both
round to 0.6.