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Procesarea Imaginilor - Transformari Unitare, Mihai Ivanovici PDF
Procesarea Imaginilor - Transformari Unitare, Mihai Ivanovici PDF
Imaginilor
Titlul
integrale
Prelucrari
unitare . . .
Transformari
Transformata Fourier . . .
Transformata cosinus . . .
UNITARE
TRANSFORMARI
Transformata sinus di . . .
Transformata Hadamard
Transformata Haar
Page 1 of 37
Mihai Ivanovici
Universitatea Transilvania din Brasov
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Prelucr
ari integrale
Titlul
integrale
Prelucrari
unitare . . .
Transformari
Transformata Fourier . . .
Transformata cosinus . . .
Transformata sinus di . . .
Transformata Hadamard
Transformata Haar
Page 2 of 37
Z Z
g(k, l) = [
f (k, l)]
k
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Titlul
integrale
Prelucrari
unitare . . .
Transformari
Transformata Fourier . . .
Transformata cosinus . . .
Transformata sinus di . . .
Transformata Hadamard
Transformata Haar
Page 3 of 37
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1
AA
= AA
=A
A = IN
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IN =
1 0 0 ... 0
0 1 0 ... 0
0 0 1 ... 0
. . . ... .
. . . ... .
0 0 0 ... 1
integrale
Prelucrari
unitare . . .
Transformari
Transformata Fourier . . .
Transformata cosinus . . .
Transformata sinus di . . .
Transformata Hadamard
Transformata Haar
Page 4 of 37
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u=
u(0)
u(1)
.
.
.
u(N 1)
Titlul
integrale
Prelucrari
unitare . . .
Transformari
Transformata Fourier . . .
Transformata cosinus . . .
Transformata sinus di . . .
Transformata Hadamard
Transformata Haar
Page 5 of 37
N1
v(k) =
a(k, n) u(n),
0 k N 1
(1)
n=0
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v = Au
Titlul
integrale
Prelucrari
unitare . . .
Transformari
Transormarea unitar
a invers
a este data de relatia:
Transformata Fourier . . .
Transformata cosinus . . .
Transformata sinus di . . .
Transformata Hadamard
N1
u(n) =
Transformata Haar
0 n N 1
k=0
Page 6 of 37
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u = A T v
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Transform
ari unitare
bidimensionale
Titlul
integrale
Prelucrari
unitar . . .
Transformari
Transformata Fourier . . .
Transformata cosinus . . .
Transformata sinus di . . .
N1 N1
v(k, l) =
Transformata Hadamard
0 k, l N 1
u(m, n) =
Transformata Haar
Page 7 of 37
m=0 n=0
0 m, n N 1
k=0 k=0
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Titlul
integrale
Prelucrari
unitar . . .
Transformari
m=0 n=0
Transformata Fourier . . .
Transformata cosinus . . .
Transformata sinus di . . .
Transformata Hadamard
Transformata Haar
(k k , l l ) =
1, k = k0 & l = l 0 ,
n rest.
0,
pentru k, l.
O astfel de transformare este caracterizata de N 4
coeficienti ak,l (m, n).
Pentru calculul unui singur element este nevoie de N 2
nmultiri = complexitatea este O(N 4 ) (putand fi redusa
la O(N 3 ) daca transformarea este separabila)
Page 8 of 37
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Titlul
integrale
Prelucrari
unitar . . .
Transformari
Transformata Fourier . . .
Transformata cosinus . . .
Transformata sinus di . . .
Transformata Hadamard
Transformata Haar
Page 9 of 37
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T
AA
=A
A = IN
BB
=B
B = IN
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N1 N1
v(k, l) =
m=0 n=0
Titlul
integrale
Prelucrari
unitar . . .
Transformari
Transformata Fourier . . .
N1 N1
u(m, n) =
Transformata cosinus . . .
k=0 k=0
Transformata sinus di . . .
Transformata Hadamard
Transformata Haar
Page 10 of 37
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V = A U B
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U =A
V B
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Titlul
integrale
Prelucrari
unitar . . .
Transformari
Transformata Fourier . . .
Transformata cosinus . . .
Transformata sinus di . . .
Transformata Hadamard
Transformata Haar
N1 N1
v(k, l) =
m=0 n=0
Page 11 of 37
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N1 N1
u(m, n) =
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k=0 k=0
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Matricial:
V = A U AT
Titlul
integrale
Prelucrari
unitar . . .
Transformari
Transformata Fourier . . .
Transformata cosinus . . .
Transformata sinus di . . .
U = A T V A
Transformata Hadamard
Transformata Haar
Page 12 of 37
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Propriet
atile transform
arilor unitare
O transformare unitara conserva energia semnalului
Titlul
integrale
Prelucrari
unitar . . .
Transformari
Transformata Fourier . . .
Transformata cosinus . . .
Transformata sinus di . . .
Transformata Hadamard
Transformata Haar
Ev = kvk2 = v T v = (Au) T Au =
u T A T Au = u T u = kuk2 = Eu
In general transformarea se alege astfel ncat energia sa
fie inegal distribuita n spatiul transformatei, chiar daca
ea era uniform distribuita n spatiul original.
Page 13 of 37
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Titlul
integrale
Prelucrari
unitar . . .
Transformari
Transformata Fourier . . .
Transformata cosinus . . .
Transformata sinus di . . .
Transformata Hadamard
Transformata Haar
Page 14 of 37
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integrale
Prelucrari
unitare . . .
Transformari
Transformata Fouri . . .
Transformata cosinus . . .
Transformata sinus di . . .
Transformata Hadamard
N1
v(k) =
u(n) e
2Njkn
Transformata Haar
k = 0..N 1
n=0
Page 15 of 37
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2 jkn
1 N1
k = 0..N 1
v(k) = u(n) e N
N n=0
Transformata cosinus . . .
Transformata sinus di . . .
Transformata Hadamard
Transformata Haar
Page 16 of 37
2 jkn
1 N1
u(n) = v(k) e N
n = 0..N 1
N k=0
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Titlul
integrale
Prelucrari
unitare . . .
Transformari
Transformata Fouri . . .
Transformata cosinus . . .
Transformata sinus di . . .
Transformata Hadamard
Transformata Haar
Page 17 of 37
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v = F u
Titlul
u = F v
integrale
Prelucrari
unitare . . .
Transformari
Transformata Fouri . . .
Transformata cosinus . . .
= FT .
Transformata sinus di . . .
Transformata Hadamard
Transformata Haar
Page 18 of 37
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Titlul
integrale
Prelucrari
unitare . . .
Transformari
Transformata Fouri . . .
Transformata cosinus . . .
N1 N1
v(k, l) =
Transformata sinus di . . .
1
u(m, m) e
N m=0
n=0
2 j(km+ln)
2 j(km+ln)
1 N1 N1
u(m, n) =
v(k, l) e N
N k=0
l=0
Transformata Hadamard
Transformata Haar
Page 19 of 37
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Matricial:
V = F U F
Titlul
integrale
Prelucrari
unitare . . .
Transformari
Transformata Fouri . . .
Transformata cosinus . . .
U = F V F
Transformata sinus di . . .
Transformata Hadamard
Transformata Haar
Page 20 of 37
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Titlul
integrale
Prelucrari
unitare . . .
Transformari
Transformata Fourier . . .
Transformata cosin . . .
Transformata sinus di . . .
Transformata Hadamard
c(k, n) =
1 ,
qN
(2n+1)k
2
,
N cos
2N
Transformata Haar
k = 0, 0 n N 1
1 k N 1, 0 n N 1
Page 21 of 37
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N1
v(k) = (k)
u(n)cos
n=0
(2n + 1)k
, 0 k N 1
2N
Titlul
integrale
Prelucrari
unitare . . .
Transformari
Transformata Fourier . . .
N1
(2n + 1)k
u(n) = (k)v(k)cos
, 0 n N 1
2N
n=0
Transformata cosin . . .
Transformata sinus di . . .
Transformata Hadamard
Transformata Haar
Page 22 of 37
unde
JJ
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r
(0) =
1
, (k) =
N
2
, 1 k N 1
N
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Titlul
integrale
Prelucrari
unitare . . .
Transformari
Transformata Fourier . . .
Transformata cosin . . .
Transformata sinus di . . .
Transformata Hadamard
Transformata Haar
Page 23 of 37
V = C U C
U = CT U C
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Page 24 of 37
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Transformata sinus este o transformata unitara separabila, definita de matricea S = {s(k, n)}
Titlul
integrale
Prelucrari
unitare . . .
Transformari
Transformata Fourier . . .
Transformata cosinus . . .
Transformata sinus . . .
Transformata Hadamard
Transformata Haar
r
s(k, n) =
2
(k + 1)(n + 1)
sin
, 0 k, n N 1
N +1
N +1
Page 25 of 37
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Titlul
integrale
Prelucrari
unitare . . .
Transformari
Transformata Fourier . . .
Transformata cosinus . . .
Transformata sinus . . .
Transformata Hadamard
Transformata Haar
Page 26 of 37
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r
v(k) =
2 N1
(k + 1)(n + 1)
u(n)sin N + 1 , 0 k N 1
N + 1 n=0
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r
u(n) =
2 N1
(k + 1)(n + 1)
v(k)sin N + 1 , 0 n N 1
N + 1 k=0
Titlul
integrale
Prelucrari
unitare . . .
Transformari
Transformata Fourier . . .
Matricial:
Transformata cosinus . . .
Transformata sinus . . .
Transformata Hadamard
Transformata Haar
V = S U S
U = S V S
Matricea S are proprietatea ca S = S = ST = S1
Page 27 of 37
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Transformata Hadamard
1
H1 =
2
1
1
1
1
Titlul
integrale
Prelucrari
unitare . . .
Transformari
Transformata Fourier . . .
Transformata cosinus . . .
Transformata sinus di . . .
Transformata Hada . . .
Transformata Haar
Page 28 of 37
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1
Hn = Hn1 H1 = H1 Hn1 =
2
Hn1
Hn1
Hn1
Hn1
Titlul
integrale
Prelucrari
unitare . . .
Transformari
Transformata Fourier . . .
Transformata cosinus . . .
Transformata sinus di . . .
Transformata Hada . . .
H3 = H1 H2
Transformata Haar
Page 29 of 37
H2 = H1 H1
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1
H3 =
8
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Titlul
integrale
Prelucrari
unitare . . .
Transformari
Transformata Fourier . . .
Transformata cosinus . . .
Transformata sinus di . . .
Transformata Hada . . .
Transformata Haar
Page 30 of 37
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v = Hu
iar transformarea inversa:
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u = Hv
Titlul
integrale
Prelucrari
unitare . . .
Transformari
Transformata Fourier . . .
Transformata cosinus . . .
Transformata sinus di . . .
Transformata Hada . . .
Transformata Haar
N1
1
v(k) = u(m)(1)b(k,m) , 0 k N 1
N m=0
1
u(m) =
N
N1
v(k)(1)b(k,m) ,
k=0
0 m N 1
Page 31 of 37
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n1
b(k, m) =
ki mi ;
ki , mi = 0, 1
i=0
Titlul
integrale
Prelucrari
unitare . . .
Transformari
Transformata Fourier . . .
Transformata cosinus . . .
Transformata sinus di . . .
Transformata Hada . . .
Transformata Haar
Page 32 of 37
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Titlul
integrale
Prelucrari
unitare . . .
Transformari
Transformata Fourier . . .
Transformata cosinus . . .
Transformata sinus di . . .
Transformata Hada . . .
Transformata Haar
Page 33 of 37
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Transformata Haar
Titlul
integrale
Prelucrari
unitare . . .
Transformari
Transformata Fourier . . .
Transformata cosinus . . .
Transformata sinus di . . .
k = 2p + q 1
unde 0 p n 1, q = 0, 1 pentru p = 0 si 1 q 2 p
pentru p 6= 0.
De exemplu, pentru N = 4, valorile k, p si q sunt
urmatoarele:
k 0 1 2 3
p 0 0 1 1
q 0 1 1 2
Transformata Hadamard
Transformata Haar
Page 34 of 37
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1
h0 (x) = h0,0 (x) = , x [0, 1]
N
unitare . . .
Transformari
Transformata Fourier . . .
Transformata cosinus . . .
Transformata sinus di . . .
Transformata Hadamard
Transformata Haar
Page 35 of 37
q 12
2 p/2 , q1
2p x < 2p
1
q 1
hk (x) = h p,q (x) =
2 p/2 , 2 p2 x < 2qp
N
0, x [0, 1]
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1
H=
8
1
1
2
0
2
0
0
0
1
1
2
0
2
0
0
0
1
1
2
0
0
2
0
0
1
1
2
0
0
2
0
0
1
1
0
2
0
0
2
0
1
1
0
2
0
0
2
0
1
1
0
2
0
0
0
2
1
1
0
2
0
0
0
2
unitare . . .
Transformari
Transformata Fourier . . .
Transformata cosinus . . .
Transformata sinus di . . .
Transformata Hadamard
Transformata Haar
Page 36 of 37
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Titlul
integrale
Prelucrari
unitare . . .
Transformari
Transformata Fourier . . .
Transformata cosinus . . .
Transformata sinus di . . .
Transformata Hadamard
Transformata Haar
Page 37 of 37
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