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| SANDA VOICULESCU
|
! ISTORIA ARHITECTURII UNIVERSALE
I ANTICHITATEA
|!
| INSTITUTUL DE ARHITECTURA “ION MINCU “
| BUCURESTI
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Inv. 19221/169 Epora’' de gets wos, “af oinpdramentelor_xi_mentltaiica,
pele Ti Toute devTenié existene, prelgona ese 3 epoca priclor inervens
a med alural eee camer
‘eestst Jung Ge i pease ele dea sepia narere sj
pM, ke p-goseee-a un “loe"-= ala, la “arctan ‘eatin,
zepibesy 9 ASEH! Tecmsn Din ae ve, sued prinelr forme ale acviaeT
Fonsiuclive pune idisetle insag deta a
ior eave a pepecalistora este difel de recompuss,
‘wotivele find nummeronte: departirea in inp, pretaritea uriselor materiale pasrate 53
‘ty i ulin insania, deglajle mas {n evel grupuriior umane cin diferitele at fis
fice, Recurgind In eeaullatele aeheolagiel, Ia. deduct st Ia itefprstares uncme
informatie privie Ia popula alate ies ot-on stdin primi ds evoluie, se pest
Formula unele conclu, in mare nasa ew easacter de ipoteae
Sinplificnd eompistse peri! (ate sw lefdeaina envergens) Lx
fundamental: medel, modul de visi
ea de astscteare
relate inicrumane, nivel gindt si prac tebnice, cap
Epoca paleviscutal ate silat lam cca 1,009,000 s.000 ion. Aseste
limite sR OAETive, incsoaiurle find grey de sae ees pea
Gifera de i regione la regiune: mal rapid in intl propia (oa
res et ele elu hs Eanot Cassia general spoil! ee
Aepenconta aprenpe tolala omuluk
de media, principalele eal de Siviis'& heancs
ne Vigo a ene pup Hl aDE Gans dura haa in fnele de
age Unt Ginie Tae sace x Tox dscoperres, im pulcolea|-nijloty, a
Yo I dea est a a pele eel dex deli ell ol
> aioe vale eal oes In spins unit
feruodt delimitat si eu impal, prluci epaform unor Jagl cafe ru aii cee le
‘tri in pred al inlet nan,
In cadrl processiui evollv al local a paleo pot sur arnt pas
_/*iolositea unos adapostrinatvrale npeociae: score coach gro, tige
» aleniuirea de adaposturl teryporare improvizte din atrial vegetale-corturi,
> amnepaazea pent leave anor forme naturale: sine fn aurplonbs
‘complete ev impreiniuil ain plete sau Funchiuri de copas peri prin
‘Amenajarea in interi a unor elie (in genera a caitstea intra,
© reallzaza una construct Independents, adeseacolecive, inte
seminigropate sau de cuprafuta, do pla ovoid nereulat su crear, ev suet
‘Tin pitea si aCopers in forina de eort dn iaterale vegetal sav ou scctet din ‘Acesie forme de locuire au apart trepint, cele nat vehi continuirdess
paralel existent, Usele, maifesari cum at
vecpeupartinciiene de ordi spiritual, coltul yore, Tn acelasi sens
retails parilte descoperite in pester dn dfeite zone (oor find ele
ror semnificai pe safe legala de pratci de magi. "
Lose pate:
ort = nordul Germanieh 2 0.000
Bu Fea, ia orient apmopiae fe eal
5.2 Fen, foetal apropos iar ines in aT 7
> Tagepuial epoch a fost mafeat_ de taiSonrach climatic
simgntante peootinl generale inca a senert! nbs eplogice care au afecrt
2 Rod Sinus Cail pO ot aeRienea imporante-Aferenier jae
eS oN Teast Seinen ae av aad veo Tabs
Ssiuewa @ cond lor do caiscus an influential Denis evelula,civlatel um
tir neoiea” & nnieat in pm rind sehinbae& module de obi
fooneie Ageia senssteres animale fotexinal-o Intervent deliberia st
Sintemagae anpia Wer cr ofmerile Tree obinrea ensi relate independents.
is de_soraia, posbiiaien sedeniniracl_eesiaten_coopsracl_si_orgaizani
Enon pnts eal comune, tondinte a jarhizais ive gaipurior
Treva s denvolaes capactatl de sbstctizare,
Conacints socstor proctse ty veprauedl aspre Rndulsi de leuire si,
ical, aap forineoe constuite pine
‘vita prlineior agar. tane vefeatind novo de givpare xenta activist
comute 5 protect;
S Fpratiuitca une tart efor de loewiré (prin msterisle, chic
jygie functionals) in concondania cu lina, eesusele stag de vlna
grup
tein de ordova? a former lScuinklor™ = .
© aptlln UnBr prime Tentative de prelucraréeiptesi &
Azcailenelitice av aya fost, opr reno dora: Cui
Thani, con Ue Annalee Vf.) apo a
cite sn erie Usimin Grete, RASH nip) yea, i
lc regni Hascts di acta! fon, al grea iat comunfal iota pe
Sowaune do une & aparece eile te
fractal lor versa te prods al on
Sk chum spa feegate,tste moll pis ear eae ale sons?
Ir declte usc sailr fine, ee
eolve = egicultor, geese, erseator de vie, au ft insist
sie obice in Tocurt cave putéav i progjte:inlini, (Dimi, abasssi) sam ix zone
Tse din nor! Talis), Sigmele de pice wl
te esate ttt pata br ple lem, alu dosnt
“Siti aau,_penire ttele. pescaret din zonclesaginea, tara cota!
se site pe plo en oma Tega de ma cx pat mie
‘Duyactea consiclor na mares o omonse a mail, a
sce plete eh don, spel tmmaso libre ii. ca Pe magir‘evouel ocemiuarit — ~
SSloditaoe acaparut & anumila nite a ToC: “mas consrocior so.
‘caeaea dlmenaonol sc pose o louis mai nga, pia. ame conduc
Peto (fe Dini, Uabasen a insite prove de ip Pawragie” din Sai
Si din adel Baie et : : ‘Asezari nealitice:
Revonstituia une “terramares*
i ‘Locainioe infatisza © mare Varsinte de forme, optineapentru_un a”
| de foie fied. reasitatldesminanttor load, fat are exples st ena
fore :
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see gentralizata in cazul eonstuctiler ain Lema (dat peometrick mateiatli) si esl eae di‘ovoiale, racerisice conseuctitr* ain
intregit reatt
“ah diforttelor popilestt, paredgentete contiicte’ tntes
T getdyl ad conferstun, ral tagpnas. erhstectorl:.de.ankhare. =
avert means de!
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noublurd de, maire conploxtters
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ew roatanss, emanate
ul, au fost
coruetiat
soctol’, precum af vntreteo eultw
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fectorsi rare -eu psigueot un earacter unttar arhlterturit
pefids Mpsck ae univate etnieh 91 politica # Hevopotante: Pentoaoas anHrTecTuRay ;
EVEMINENTE. reronrce owenre Semunercaravie
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TIE. RSGATUC Vache exer LOuEAN
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~ _peoctertstten,orqanizares polities. In formule coiB\llor-etate® ara gut
dopntnd dlebn6, ogricol mt’ mote eau nek
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fied fo cere o dejan oregels. thumbrul Ibeustordler din sgoFértie toon
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‘Eons Goritals trivacinesé,:palerul 4. anctuerul Sint epntss ‘coneepute
§ ve Bits sneoousterts pubtdeutut.
F Fungtiunen raddasaad » Srogece conutts din taplacaren calagiot
| An ustomul social: nosolutine.-Orspul, co sinbol, pt veda al notert
£ “pelltien soto 4a eengrul: foligos a tordterivluh gabartomets
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“pin av¥orste abdeaitais ortgize earaa
i = suprudimenaJqnorae incintas fortsfioate. pein tnckudors
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(#iserale Lrwkutus ridiests, conform crodiyied, da: legender
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fe ein medul etferdt do genezh a1 epdsiriiors devolents. 9, Canp, er-
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Se TT a GRsTEE Tandlnga oo sonvergenss titer soft. omncrusreler
‘epeletululrezuata’ dintr-o circuleyie: nai activa in eceate dsrecyaa.
TS Trudie Feplizate pe Ops undripeeuacts etnt, deosebit Ue senn!
See eee int pranvisTieeranrt late anv baie rahe nya, ber
organizers @ spativivi. Frindinslele carsete:
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cick ele udor agen
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puterntue (Lote Be 24 a. BRED w trdrixs 203 euenves
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slur. Reatuloreyylut cuprindes:
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+ Jeauintete cucente digoies ordonat, pe un oisten ortogensh de strszt.
fk czoviesle urbaniatice Va{TB6t consecvant comands ‘socials: cuitele
de incite, poxitss cominanté 2 peletului st snsublulul de cult, ear
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feb. Aabslenul, deserve 9, reflgut, in repstats clodyets t91° darorer
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cortier de locuinte dia’ | iniercALe sx feinizer oe Construcrie
wctill. LehnLeie-conescuctivelerhs tecture Moepormnsel fost
tort, prsatra.cei
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i Serena favorabiie'baupr a. eekingel conetrueti dar,
riluh eraaBea4'po:teren cA prosectrst (ore guinea
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Aporcul. eivilizer evolujia gererelé s cremtied
to dononil ernitecturti, 0. constet in elebora
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revenste din. dite
), Fezoly aree
felaste,
polace, probleny dsfteity, rezulcate din
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panarsi unr teunehtues: do. podmiar
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printee wodesete eon
(Ggcuisyey, ei sonuncntoliivten excoss
Repsiatrtes rotate et ponplo):
air aeiadtor’prbareno ou cnenctar cuilias 3 sisva airiaede.o et, atahisinds dpe conan ta
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ar eBPanteondl haagiguapians ore: tobqieteia tai Gas Lnaers
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a "Yeats ase ob conan csi al aaaist feat Teer i
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ofrente; jerefe a4 cug)
stiory intermadiced Sacre om'pt divinitet
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a eeitiaat tnatract it Bea Mor. (templvt
‘Filenful Tit ceo cel oi
Yr Ascooil pubbinulut este Linfsat le curtsp interiear: Aner
Vik, Sm sentogt idee PSUEEES LURE We VesTIGIUFE bore subliniezs cerac -
Kervl ge snnssoOibetniguntiads
@) ixenpiot “asizien.
Lonuns., ‘genpza 6
Zui da ienoly fnalti so} wat
EE sate sah Tuner
tgs ae fsataiele
Fagus
phatforag. in: Fores
rpringe=in 6
Soren “ade
ae
eceotes. constr: Elqurotul arevee prapttotler do divinetis (in specie, gsrsaiareeaan- "ERR:
wus vaTrLor, JoretéTsr” gi ofrandelor, notiunt core se. deotBgur =
fis" (orate Gope-t0n? 9h Sn ennelA.. Oppiunes pantry. For wa
: uns An gonourt eibéliceT epra~
pseren de divinttata,. mi Adlvsnggeysd ere.
fortificaté. pe Lstursle ofrote so. ab
pertte prooitlor; ele-palerinsin ate. Aist
“Golo war fu atafutevesvins: “(ei oaplonae
0 portiovlarttata'e sonstrvcttiior celipionss dig Hesbpotwte
© constitute ersenteron Joc_cu colturslé, tndreptatia cA
egrdinele
Locuwra : .
+. FelgeleTorne 4 tocuire din zon color doult fiuvit_a-1. gone
Situit itn Brocesulco rrecore » populatiilor din ragiuae de 1m nonadise
Yoo grintenté sedanencts, losul eorturslar «fost wet de cOlibe din,
rastie gitar ty plen ciroulor eal Tecteqgigler si) Intrao_ grep uate
irtol, Lapuinte on studs ul
gocore off HurpemsatsteciSOLG=nicak! Po wiavre
Gezveltarss opesdritor «bank» un tip do, Losvsnts orsge-
neesed ale céres_caract=: {attet aul decise din enunite condi tionaes?
nesned otencir
a. Neti de Ineorires exeasithr
Gf oresul “nbonguret eu ziihued co
fe ou exteriordl,
aockola ch _nerd-dsecrepint)
Jind di feroeyiares’locviat
oN tpt Stin foout” 2 tpoter teen @
une Yocutnge din mectivt
21 tip, de:tecuanys urban & din,
ves
de Tid Rockanya ‘eotrs ens
daeoregil, Arwurr hu shop siimnicedmaehtdere e6tce-oxtactor, lecuipys. neavind_to-
SDLLS 6s ndonsor’ plonitay Unolo’s.cuionco Leonegralice sugeroazd
Dravento, dnevupra.terases, « inut ete: Tp eu" funeste,
de unbi
in iva aula:
pate ef esuin¢ein'en gosvnltay'ault pg SnAltiue | Herodot
,Seepire'@abLTon eh Sorequl oF nunsroase”cbae_ey Vres equ pstrul 2s
Sepia i
SP peietur cbepunde unor serknye functisnnie resute
roght visit politics
rraxentont a) diwinttAyiA
te din ems Sold
eel dela Neri
rgeiot soiree
1 e1 polatulul ragel e rezolter Bin
Sehy44, prinipadels. sale functsunk
sy iunet unos’ de ceptezentare? deninents, co diaensiuni gi trotare,
etarvoiiseea se a “oura na deafiyaicS éontoctals. tntre
pi eubugit ets oie ceonulus,
auisEe daner=un
seosegordn alee ice
bh 1 ziduri Ho, tneinte
Be aja, seamen tne
a1 depapd’_pl paletulusi: einte-ua_snsarblu_a_uper
funetsunt. Facwre
seoisnes wfienre funérionalé eate alodtvite din. epatsile..efprance dik
pure in jurud uneke coy mot aultor eurts.
rigireo si Glvesnaraa incioerilor. Intro _v
Steuctura paleculus cozuit din. geupers
LBysLe. funeysonil
‘in tracert ¢4 coridoace. i
inten, toler do 9}
aku nesopst
tint sopdenttonr
Sor Io Dur Sarukin, 300%
GovcerTE1 SRATEALE St procgoee pe cauenzitag
See oe tier tan core eae tie
. cena iile erkdcutery den Ah. re oolsot Le 6 Lgolerse sper ete
ee
e anetabsiicstes polities & ragtunit core g flout ad fie nasaare
Gigcaulo sputialecigeien Gontectelor cu aikaciouuly
FAgeavle ps
BSugTs gi in infertory), eatdtslor in Antents:
sttoge Ginen
ie
Jeupéeslor: soverructs~if
En gefaveoree, 01-4
stistor shopadties-
alenentalo fundamentals ale, Liabegitu
legge sata’ cv prsmg-exotart”tn-wsrecytw-t
: SESS
+ spptsLie primera ev ‘care
oghrezuhe® din ura lieren
ae ale jgonetr
Preetie ate earor to) Linpigiter coca ce tonducn Tefanetiel de tin cortdad’ » coves
aan tvecurtt nenopotortens; eint freovence, reports
is cov 218 nena Toxurd}e une Snetpect ee
1 chulzsfenspatiiior tn conpozit4t oransex8, ¢Fl
rearsur tunes |
& edgnaly Elenentul de eer ‘Gilet f6:compozttal +
See ea cuvea daterioordy spdruti ce o.nnseaixate. funsiienel® |
vel necleul comportional caractorietic elobtust
Se ieuntne iaverigureex sncaperlA core o inzetiiparits, tr func
tf care. o tneentisari, tr func
tiolda eonplexsseroe. progrenvivt 26 utiLizeesd vn unde asnwanet
fucieu (cum ee fntinplé fn enzh, Loe
Tuite suclow. (Lo gelete Gov snsembluri do cult).
seriy Foneyionala ineéperiior an, jurul curtis eu.
jorsvatos eezursior.
au oe. Juctepun
“gonporiysenaie tntrs’ ons nenerseza, £0
tb sinetein 4 svi) kttéa So ‘organizeree epajtilor Sine rltizers
Sn bate ale derive din_funeyaunee_ constciats fer
fie cial Fee ates nae etesTa de sonunegrelatete ge de
eee ea aut ‘olenont -0]_gomporities, Aronenwe, pteseuRsr}
Gro sinogrie ou andrei incbidin a
Teres apatitier saterce’ sie (Penplubel siaeh
sone, couee ogy Geidu, cally tonplutot efe-do-0t longi tedt
faninen ies nae
perectacul ana
ie eareetaeil
| congeavent#_«_enati+-
ot simetris.
S pasn
“Gh AnVICTEGTUBALA, A ‘CONSTAUCTIILOR
prone el
Aaah capa outage
SO a ae aotocintole se tahadell
‘
somnepinyy crucsde, da concepyitle apeytede, fe T1pul da oxprestyttece ade
For lo comenda ousield.
tnetreaturd etmbe liek aciie
compozstse volunelor beg, :
“hous a Sdnamadardtaten enzurtloc, pracedvale, de Sampat\s0.0:¥o
ar ou eink roguh. voor. prepaupies estettoe doliburare gt cazvitS dainty
ina’ complion de_(aetors conotcustivi.
prsqp nestvttats,| turierur sneha os loraérepan'sins.
cent a cnle_copiozensptive.
in fore
P Serwosirate. te! rfedu7, tor
Sj Bins frrensovse-dereci-tn-axteriory, 8
uma. fn mea
‘Simaneiunstor
fp care su-foot-foleekte-et..fn
slum, Sonpects pe, vuprefers uns<” insule
do strety forms rezules die yruperes..de_voluno-sinple,
age ockeonvele
[ta eanotrueyitte: roprszan
pasice, Snclise e_eupi
eve ad, uembris fe nceentan
feutut de 2tdpin ovnram corer
nuter ol sostosulys. prin, nrezeds: °
Sureced oBére praviters coplepirew prin sanumactalsteta si diatentores
durtlor de fortift
tumirale chetets.de tenniciic
nen apligats >
de ntveluh apasiiier et 2eeel a jee Th @¢ear sana au fost fo
lostte msteds pranare
|G svpradinens Zon
piurile,. Seah
Sp nplesaren pi $981 yses-ob14gine Le o percopore. ascendant a
sTonplal aib" din Uruk; copelade do cult, de pe uitima,co'en
‘elgurazelor
zidurd lungi 9% sneite ineongaoes or
2 eiguratelof stings Jo. ~"89'm
fu foatul pagal din bur Sarukin asnt attoo to,wek
us doit mova locutnteler.pa ea)
9 ctgetrie Sv aegantzerae voluiolor,srocadev, wplicet spore dt:
: aiptomit ds ramng 91 weSrt core 1aag8 Antre ale Cornsete zigH
: Fatalor. ae
wit pr de_pseta.warbl ds dcoutersrdca.
senje omer tntntts
Ge pealucrare aatettoes Prelucrarga erhatecturaa @ suprafeelor: 6 lt
attsuré le etteve elonaita s ekror presents eote Justt{svor8 conatruc:
by sain funetsanal pt oF
ye sive
fayedelor esafora ubor nuasea prsnetpst ot dep
va-gensredz3 ui’ Linas. ach tuctural epeea tic. !
Provedes Wo conportyta
Volmelort i
1 volume vimpie
44 forepaonaaby
gen 8 din, Our Serukeing . sastursle gonstevetttier of
rors
binhalte tngrarse, Sn inte
tn difertte Apostara.
ge utitizerss frotvent So
14 gan eleborte
igroyas sscortoors pronase ath dn Be
porttis movive din eteser, ” Be
prone nurst Sabricow fusurtle colosrolor
Gncori eroneluriie rivuriior do forthfize)
‘a lunge} encodelor au fgcut a decora—
fy ale oregelors a:
Lge ounce
chotrugertle aurventre di
suo ietecionrt 0 conetructitior Mesopotentet - eores wosertt nt
se scost ae afuenot fundatiitor -'# nu poste ¢ eunesewil deere pray
Anverpretersa uraelor erheuloate' .
doseciorilors Su gtie ch pologele,pf tasolas. benef
tte de. dage-preysoxitare ef empl uses. brone.
Beit, Unaleveng. indies 9% folostees
2 decwmentelor tgonggrafice eau @
reronibrt ¢hguretive
peu s:eBtuhnd.composits4. cur
operate to. palatul, Je 1a Mord.
entry evolutte arhitecturiiventicg din zona Hedirorened. er
epdtamia, eaturt de cee daroret® unos o1te
ceo egiptears, desire a Sneamnd tots
eanstructorilor din 1
Te cons dintrd cele" dod F5VSs
cee ceuctiv uttlizet pentey conetruchat.monunent ele
simantere, pra
nari civa2
ford, ua etgten_c
serldbrin de. cbréaid®: cot etei ev foot exp
fre » apoyulud arhéracture? pent
se prin intarnediul, Eghptylut.. expersentel
mige ator civi-izeyadocun er
cal
Le podasayi de preven
Gaprraivitare: .chrect
9 Grectet antic iB EAUNUE GENERAL OF BRZVOLTARE
Yo itardu ee ntrunggie camistss onting nontew
o, @85sl0r sane, vole ‘Sbevlars win eoke
@unvcs.. wene_de vi
slulus
SELES ines. Min.op0ee. paleo serchee
SHUACATH ATi aw
Pep Gesternteg golulus, eontsgurayis qorghatice garticulors care Bitqere
NOFIN dr certurs a1 zone ‘muntosse.«pAstoctie neturl
fs Lab nermi’s dee,
Hie carsd viesa dintre civilizaysile afore ole untscmaronts
Pentru leeustorss viti walutui
© e8ror neuretis® Arines.a ala er.
eA a necesicate viteds tnircpranderes wad:
So WuLERrs colect4ve pentru fdparen eigplelor de sragets
use) varaeterisiie Nesopotamses)
2.(fonamen, sims
Aceste tmperctive av cundus to a
sem de orgonizace Centra) azet:
suceut milendutut Ty
ten a ae Lipedeteul dent Lenre.n'icdburstor subs sutocaceca y
£8. 88 4, fersonulus, constitvindu-ee un sasten evciel-pelivac erate
sere e-s mentinut, ev tatermtente ave
msfiemiive, nnd entre mijtor
Woe evemud
economic "tribueal” suv “oriental
th core propraetaral tntray clot
Ftoriy sriced snte,f2ibne¥ Teh nde represdaeade ss pulenr es
2 nucloain de producti, nbstile-sacegts,. au arent ee
Singh esuaes pdetncules cu obligatit de eipil trabutulut: th wows ge
Fee ,prodiiie “60 €e cutortretes enntrals. Sistem) Amplic’ o semeticy
1 2p Tetosserns v8 conplexd olesised cant alin sor
TURCVLINEFES “eee be,
BtweRd tne-rd sBrarbie preciag, ahentuind versgil
© HEE, | Feraoe 43 obgtite saregts.
Antermedsare inte:
wes Concomtcent cv slehtoires structurslor sociel-so!srtee, aevitia
GF 8a egintrang give detinitivat connaptiste filovetico-cetisionce oe
“Bins, TALLEBrs1o corneteristice, a acumilnt curoptinte etsineitige, npn
& Ford 2 putea nborda problencie comninge ale civiltentios supyeune
se deaprard unele eeisaturt sumes tsentive nentru intelegeren cenrccsio
spi) Tedere cars, tn sod direct seu indirect, eu éetiunar cp deveennsnt
HEE 00 fenon stud constrectiveachitectural,
> Exietrote unet surorsiasi supreme, coe a” farwauatur, snyoa tse ew
nvrtbote divine
st8pin unde at tntrejuius Epapt, s avur imndieeys
¢ ceteints cunmentetris fortunes ion
ire An sotivitaten de ecastrucss4 © urud Syene.. nuade. &
HEE: lucratars, 45 &
} nptigia > detinut, ve’ cod nreemirens fn cfvitheasay eaateann: ¢
‘Ingtrimeatul s¢ealéaie eaential nentru saiquracen stabsid tts 4
atructieis adedalé, # autoratAatss forsonulys-zeu; ovtorster 94 §
potent, Flerud stabilohes doqmels veliginase, detine monopolel ge.
atiannad, fexenré € fh beosropakir mamtie” gh model ele
achitnccurate, Creazsd plastics gf eva arhstectursis, dirajat e gee
nuterirares rolagisasd|. osereeté cr vimtoturs care cupriad nem
ae $ ee
rorul ate censtring de vn esdrs ragid, mportul miu exereseSmdetl
fev npecdad saupre nerfnctionérii"furmslie, fard © piten interval
aaunre conpinieeules
Cunongteres st inti fick fn Egiptul antsc » ating u
ahtor de-tnalt, ortentnres predilecfi find, age
civilizotiile agrore, cétre domaniile, de splieahstitate pract ki
dintea scueten an detageatd geonetrin? nivcuts dia m
currit loturdior de paint gis troedrit capoleler de irigee a
Gor care aon conetitedt ef, instroncnt'de.dnenateesnDiLA utility
tors!
a, (prin stabilirates ateue!
Spi ara aurea in caracterul sutarhic ‘al soctetati: essetene,
codaciv'ge eelelelte civilizatit, naredeptiva; 1a -nfluenye ding
cB, parcicularitee rezvitetd, te rindui et, din :zolarea geox
Fes 9 wath NStu}un, jTradtrsonolisaul epiphaan’suetanut de Fal
wire,
vous Wi tulut
£5 munrevietuirea sufleculut poate ta tayole
pees SoweLd evie'e f84iit co"erhatectiira Hinsrars of fis con Best tote porte sintrsun snsanblgro-tncinea tneonjorr® eo ei-
ae Seri in intersarul eérein a¢ afi copele, conctaluess atnulaage
a GS Renple, dopozite: pe lature do nurd a eronides “cate alipit’
8; 6s Zoaplerin-vosribel: 3.sifien pone gbrbbroneee “oa
cu simulncrele do temple; 4.euglil funerers S.psramide: 6. diy
AlAnzeoblol ‘te 2s Gigshi:..piraniés lui ChegpsZ,paromade Lud
Chofren; 3.pirimida lui Mikerinos: 4.vemplul fundrer et pird
nidet lui chefcen: S.templul “die vale": -éronost 7-8. Cen~
bercader 01 piranided lus Hiker
ef
biteapiul fungraé al piremdded. 10: Chef rons, 2+ Lompiut tain vi
EE a Eaten te ert (emus hspo
tile; evourre cu portices d cele 5 cxpede. de: eults #200
ee Scheme functioncle' ta erhitecturs funsrars ( F = comera funerard
CE epayttie de cult, M ~ evementul de narcare); L. mastoboy 2-p
ramids; 3. moraineul sensrupsstéu; .ndragrtul rupeatru; S. eps
Fea spatiuiui. funerer de cel destinet culiulus tn construe\i# di
tinere.
65 Tonplemul’ de To Giseh, ee definitiveszé erructure tonplulent
rar; cel moi bine pistratdingfe asenensa tenple este con »
piromtdes 1s, Chefren, elestuit in dous conetructst Legaate
bhorsts cemplud “Win vate (aug.
fe orinerun lung corddor
: Flat veseibul) » sépat in olsheG pe melul NAtulus, servi and
: Getarcoder ponttu barca enctil fare transportese trupul’ F sragi
1 senplul funerer prépriuzielf onplesst Léngé piramadé 9 4 ay
Te cinee-o eucccsiine Jo yeetibulurt, © curte ev porsics , 5
Le de cule 9 tncbpert once |
j E ‘4
(HORWIWTUL GAPAT IH.STINCA (Ralfeint rupesteu enw hepogeu
forabla caracternties Zoned nodiaig > &
Bropice unor ases f din Zon Tobe
t sree ads anaundaca alo fluviulliigor utilizate in poriosde Tom,
Luk Vechs bape yee ee eae me
agutar cu nutersn capsteles lo Tes .
dipegeste evarins apdpLicare oper in ofes comer:
funorard: aéedtou 3e aun Ving unui ox erszonte) si i
pontiol cou integra) sfote fn otined, Zo punotul cet mas indepBirral)
‘TRegnseut_unvd put verti e
:
Gomplenul, funecer @
ule
areonvlyi Mentuhorep (din. XI) do. 10,89
cetaGenris in done Tebed, repfesnes 0 sintozb Intre traditad
parivtut vecht eu formule hipogoulva fiknd olestust dintr—o. corel
cnagfet rupaetre, Anseablol, onplecet Sri
woot creat d@ folezs, eate format dintr=o. scce
de speii' p here curse sirginis6 do ridurt,. roraep,euprapuee. cu”
co poptted agceaibele printed Fenpd, deosupra cbroré eg ridics o- pray.
Ries sinpoises
cB, 0 mare
te, supssteran’ +4
81e8 gurte Inconfurats ou colosns: gir edpeta sn 9;
1a hipostaié. Din aceasta sel parncste o galerse.)
‘are ‘conduce 1a camera funeraré (ub ;piraaida se af18 oy
i de 150 nm:
i cepera-codsrat. tn core ag:ofla tn earcefag gol 9i,0 statute 9° fare
nubos) « : of
ceepdatel tpl do nérninte emenajave intogral prin eBpaturs tf
Doct onreterar ics ei uale ele prancipsor fénnes tor XI
Le Bent-ladedn|“veeakes coprind un vostibu deuhie vere ag
cn 98F de eplenpe (ovind oleh de: leent de earenre), ine Boy otf
1 nipontite) esate sn etined, pentty pragteh,
suite,
SE ‘funereri. ps
Tn timp): Tapardudus, Hou, veknd ee
povlor paitru’sarmintete regole,”c0 producs'e, aepafare. sates. tunel
ety 4
ensfelizeazé folosires, ia
i 4 eubstentisl) 94 cea do wore
jeubturans, ete abnet tn ati
Jpan,o2 sult funerar (care s2. ampli
a
fe
nd gray vecoeibals cor sparput ee ul toevine un-templu. funera
Garg weeine-st8tdtors seplseat pe eslul. selva, fia ins
feats gar. cu fomplul.de.cult divin, corgeranchtur Adel exentes divine a ta
RB caorubit. Celeb He mormiac aie usoudlue tebard He necroneele oy
oP eioraintl, conesput 0.9, acu
cructuret
tind -
1 AUG alcue cub nimete de -ve2eu WggileH| gicValee. Regivelor” nu, eves
ae en ave “UA orate nnn wn oe
ARHETECTURA RELIGIOASA i
PFEAcipaleleNApurs ve temple dalicete divanttBtdler seu cone
fe _bazs_perticularitatator de deeféourere a ritualulut religict
ie piiate:feligionee.propris luni i egip-
esoest pe fen oxdetshiel unas (44 nte diz
at fntrsun penteon eomplex
Ach divinitits ofoprit, difersreton trabust cle
3 Jivingtsjiler ov i
pl2eSrit unr Fenonene.ole.naturii, @ unas “nayiunt sbotreete Gau
ecancepte, de. ordin caomaggntq: zesessile, enips
Spuriior. matualut eonaca, 0 consecinysiedin ‘ofrands de hrend gh. pus
iscict Snoosite ce rociteren undr ienurd de ‘edorasae,. Fidnd indepli=
Ye"narsie profet”, tneosit. de un. corp-limatet de glories cu atrdbu=
apectele, Actiunile rituele. principele ve -desfdgurau zilnic, ince
pd hrinit, porcurges
splvi {einbs1 el deplesiria z12nice « scsrolvi po bolts ceressed),
Chencru ce eeara of 40 reeduo, cu alte formule ritusle,. in tnedparen
In sfera aceatui ritual dturn, eveau loc pracesiunt. periodicd in cs
Sula, zeviui ore avitaté publicuted; 1s sunita: séruétors, “zaul
eportat pe traces sei lungs, 1a tenplela eltor divinitetd (zo)
oni din tenaiul da le Kernek ere transportt oéraodie 1a templul din
oP Gil “erazire” zeului care, edavh.purd fd
fault ore
AUNUr, uibels in gatia Tebes, parcergind 9 ee de 2 ka, mBrgini
T 67 be \asminmunte de sfinegi+
Sent nti ante ila a BL R a tec
oe r,rtrt”~—
te zope ecrd. apres ft erdtaed publiculu:.
Prototsnul templulus, agastern 2-n conazstuit prsntr-c evolu
a, ale efred otepe sint insuficient feunoscute. Oin thapul Taperiulus
echt 94 8 celut ‘teddy, urmole achéologice peateate s
eo vegnlul de cult divin apace incheoat Zacr=o foraulé etebil, im timpul
Innarivius, vous morale tenn
ilar, cu aneronte dar neseansficakive difersctiers. Prat ottpul
“Ga touplu cece oprststent, censeindungy,st fn portoada tirzie 1a tem
Vind lus Horve de Le ety. Trebuse precizot fap:ul 6 unele ol enente
Uo sirustucars © epetiolus din tonplul de cult siven prezintéonalogs
edo
oe Got fenraals eraser in rigger tnvetsth ch tise ded
*UEepinitare- astfel fncht, ante da biauit "eA tntre, cele dous programe 0
On Jo. Kerrek 9 Luxor au fost at ructure
Lu fornulela aplacete ine din perteadele, anterioors tn tem
E> sedate 0 colagie de Anvercontayianere:
ul cointesn asta siedtust, tn prinespsv, din doug zone
Oe ibe once bint Upeuiate divinatttigi conc arceeibils publicubie
AE GacvinTe GAViNiesys| fn care get paicunde nunas marcle prafat
ssutosrete gale cuprinde
gi conole zaulyi_(khos'égGhin ~ “lope care ny srebute ai fe
“Tipeacus"), acceainiia excliety morelut protet
ora’ adtposteste.baceaagerd: cu afUtOrul cireiz est
Séplpsat zoul,tn, cimpul nrosesivillec:
©) Tistperk pentru depaziraren beanal ,labricisinii porPumursto
gi oltor ofrends, folosite tn cerenantite zilnice;
sepete_encundare Bie alter civintihids
nets
A gupartice (in care ee aflA vtotut, chiens ae:
BA1i nSpostale (dostinate numes "celor pura) cup’ ‘pert
fe temp ludus
: Gators, ritualuiut_egipteen, ps mdouré
sa avangenzd otire
Testeinge-pentcu ca, in fiael, tn: gapele,.reulus, 98 ny intre
ai, entre
$8. stagurtpersosrs. Nercsad aiabsltc.eceata in
62 Peototipel templutut de efi.
divin: templul tut Honsw &
anoombiul de te Kornoie <1
i
Man; 2.- cchosa functtong
dupilon: becurte co port
Cloole hiportilé; d-ranes
Twaplu solar: tesplut song #
Noteor de: faraonut Nev
Toul; beportic seo
duobalives =
Ah
Foaplu rupestru. templut
“pidicee, de" Ramadd TIT’ pen~
PlerWi edi Jaton, Re; Proh 8
pentey sneugs farsonul ze~
Lipton .sinat_to.
upestri:
jae th
stincé, reproduc: farmbla ten—
plutut construe. nig tenplulut ee interpun piloni mas
fsecare dintre zonele distinete
umentels.
‘Schene fune}senaé # inus asesanca tomplu, age ci
ceaplele ut Avon de Le Luxor of kink eau 18 tenplul ui Hons dn
rnak este coractadizetd, in formulé sinplificaté
= pilon - eels hipostals
epare 1s
ansombivl dn 2a
prin suecestunes pilen - curte cliartso
= pilon ~ sanctunrul divand tipi. jt
i, dimoned und incon:
i
Teaplul face parte dintezu gnsemblu de
2H alfa saer6. In snterioru} incite 4,
jurat cu zidurt care delinstesz
ncipal, wai giath temple secundare, eltare,
jicae #2 Jeoul secru sau canals 1
Usterstele componente ele ansom bh
in afere tonplulus 9F1
pentry.diferité coy
pentru transportul barcis solere) <
nonunentale mBrginate de sfinees
lui aint legate prin f:
plomante einbolice, eorespunzitor tvaseulut procestunslor.
Tenplul gencreazé multsiola activstays-secundero: culsurele,
tnvéséeint.aconanice. Pe LingS-nertie’senctuore funeticvsu #604
sersbé 9s bib {Ja tenplul tukMorus din Edfu se pastreazé oF
1s 9 céryilor® cu snventary!. bsbligiceis Snecrss pe pers!
tite in docunente "ease ele vietsi", contre de_culturé.de tipulssea
nislor in care oe redacted si se copieu sricrilelsacrr-sau ¢t in.
Ge pipe Lingh care, Funetionau, probabil, s1.sco24}
f4t Ineb-nu evoupéetrat.
Tonpleie egiptene benefieseu ée bunurimy
tt gare le. tronsformau in edevbrate centre economics
fs)
in “Tabg staptnesv, 2a-vn mongnt dat, 65 save, 2593 kap- terenurs.,
woo, vite. In aceste conditis csta de presupie"cs, slasurs.
trative, depozite
paste 40
senctuere extsteu spatit gospodiragts 9f edna
teliere, locuinge ale versonalulus etc.
Templut. rupsstry, opere. cao verianté 9 celuLconatrust le ot
fatn soluivi: precedat Je curii i terse, templul dispune ce sce29)
sagas (2018 hipostilB. sanctuarvl divindtBiss) cere:oint, Snod eBPeiy
Eneb. Parerele. excartor este enenejas._cs un pplons. decoret 61.2
afatui modimentele (templul construtt de Rasses iT. 1e Abu Simbel;
Wu Gel din acedoad. foe;
Pieh of ineugd feragnulut
‘oapluiccoter face parte dante
—qyracioeatpetgr erroerias 20
Gel mai bine. conservat. dintre templele solare
1 Neusere, (danastia,v) 1a, Abu-dte, pentry zeul-eoers-ROC 2, Yh
fal
ante th contre normintul: lui Mentuhctep de te 5,
decchisa; Dela hipost
Ansamblul Je
het: Amores
hotep; &
regines Hétceseur.
ee]
ee)
Nerminte cupeetrashipagee de 2e oe.
Bent Heceane
“ft dB. In vreujma ace:
Ho Gayzey centred ce wiley altarul ventry afrarde gf.» copei6, ns ambled
Ggind completat cu spayit de depoattare. In afars ancin
ul bArcti-solare realizat (lin :eirdaida, in lungime de eco 30 m
Garactorsstiek inperiviuit vee pace
Fords eligiaass initsaed de Amenot is
aitele cp de Te TiliSeiZAnerway as
Gullit se des fAgure tn ser Liber,
ieee fond cate rétaiav putin eunosevtd; din sp cobore
ae @rheologice sunire cv snbhatele csrseice depuse in more
Sees
1 Nagin
i, ieee tenplulys color ri
LL Ante, cu reprezentérite tn picturs fs cu unele deseriers, ge desorin
seb algae trenavurs enractarastice goes progr
sitet TSES y Locsuntate sint conconute. pantry a sures 2iskteia, fst nd
roise din astertsle piclbebilas oituctis este Simi aar 44
fin cazul polotolor regele, constpurse pent-v va enies farreoy gi
abandonate duph mosrtua acesfuiel
s)Struccureres: Lncuingei este conti yionass dx porticularitstite
slimes: regim dn prectpirutss seSzut ei inaorire excesives. Lo-
euingele elcituises valuma campocte. tnchise sire extactor
eu goluri, putsne: acer
“purse
2 Uricdi pres purernses. 9
sevent_curs4 sntarsonrey loggit” 94
mrandte oh coigueg, protectia contra cB: cursival a, daso”
an acelengt motive ap practiced seoperts
rea fn cerasé, spstiu utilizebal pentry odihn’ seers gi noaptes
/Asevintole ane sorarjznte cn diaeneiyal si trad de tan fore
En funsiie de statutul soctel-econonsc #l ecogrieteroly: « Din
Torentaerile sint ingennete: cosele ivcusterilor din El-tcahun
(feu OetrceloMedine se Snscriu intr-un lot Soguet, ev frontut
Ge7-10 B}, in vrene ce vilele demniterilortecups suprateye
Gale poi nord: vile “gefulus suraelor de boi ale Teeplalat Ws
Aton™ dig Telivel Anorn sfsucd{7ex7S gl nafiind coo wai mare
conotructile de ncest-tip.
Py Sosuite Loguinted las tsterensiate tuneisonsl. 1m esil ion
Migs... Suintelor modeste, fiecnre dintre SncSperi ore 9 deatanai a
Boose: BCSCAS8. Bote oncncteriatics » ir
@nfileda: cemer8 do prinira, comer
i dispose in
de zi cu nies de cult» dor
Aton, curte goapodsreascA cu cuptar,hambare g. acaré de acces
lo~teres8. Le locuintele dé ars dimeneiund aper zone functio-
peu ocu~
rtivintersgabe. 0 soemen:
Gastincte separate prin j
P SAtuotS Intr-o dnesnts Linitats cu zidurs, cuprinded:
OS Gdnstructie princinelé cu apartamentele srépiaului(avind =pe-
ant
eemut-dasti~
foarte dezvoltete) s4; seperate [i Roprezentsre # unet locus
lagiptene. Se dieting: con
Ve proprsuziss cu atey ,
eld de tecutee Be
rer Bsincéperes
capalé: Cadoraa
Locuinge togaea: wild
na an TelIze1-amaen
Lecurte, de agreaent et regal: pelatul fareorsulus
nuLut: Esaala (renin Procedee de compozitie © ¥pe-
Ado: tip cole
ut Ii Hotisu
1. Spaqiile se
Langu unus 9« nedor
petrang treptat, att fn
orizentel oft #4 verti-
pe misure evoneSris, cA~
V divanntetias
sametrso,
solitare
kerarhizare. fn compo-
zijia opstitlor care
aLeBtuieae:angamblu7
de 1a, Opar-el-Bahrs
ieitie; disenstuaile lor | i a el cee
Wat“féne§lon-gt copitlor: ‘spartamentele erau dotare cu bas
a4 deck, cu sduetiuns do apd .9h canolizare
= zonb goenedicenscd cu huciitest, grajdurs, wagezti, henbor
beutsriey Locum Ancuneke-eevzari
se "anrwstors lore
ateliera, de forirse, Ifoatrorie, 9% alte nestesuguri. necess
inniiies; pd:
opasid decagreasht' erddihs cu plontnsai.ingate, ch sozcura
peetey odin, rer
ac hoqjit, bazine decorative ere.
Jeet conatuite ti ouste, mars (néanen # eelapt
Piirre cele care pot fx studiote.‘e|puasrd palotul Dot-asesa fie T2t
Sylo Tebe seu al lui Amenafie Iv sip la Tel lsel-Amarna.
ceracterlatietie progeenuis Mel palat aint deverninnc de nodua
sstentB # taracoulut-seu 9 cCral wieyB 02 deefOqure eups, un 4s
Cee mes née pondere ‘rewine apt
a repcazentative alescuive, du
{oo de curti ev portice qi efl1, nipostste card ‘conduc citre sale
ABmvlud! Expresic » puterss regale, pe. (ntada chtse oreg se cleachide
cia aperspiiior” unde tacaanit, in auinice nonense footive, ae
8 supusilor. Relotiv izolet
exemplul traslelor, din sucse—
de zona reprezontative, se oF 1,
menvelor reqete, inclusiy harenil 93 opartanentele, praniiie?
sgtrative, pelotul d
wines pi
spots
jecenare desfagursrii costars: Snebpsrs nenere curtens, 2823 de
ay
| Sdrauriy Sneteard ol ogrtbslo-,mrhive et
In legit urd cu
Suite gf 0 ampli zona gospadérecsct.
x seul
Gobgrars a faraonilor fn'nroprasie teapic de-cult funcrar; osemenen
pliceté Le Re
Un coz particular £1 constituie J
wagnejet ca repecsnya
jegun si le cenplul lus Ranees CIT de
A an ectigrecture egiptesnd sint folopits aproape tnexciues vitere
SNLS2e-carteziona, limitete da_1in\4. 9% suprafeye drepte: aceast
Bene ehne tg4 are curse principals inltehittile de construcsie care oti
- tecFationel fn. cezul Lanisler 1 euprefeyelor cucbe.
Kicturile eqrtoziene eint. utilizeve atft-fn orgentzoren opss lor
srfoare ele conntrucsiilor eft! gi fn.compozitia ensabluralor. En:
FOU Conatruchidior mnjore
Bentare £1. conerseute rape
eae Modu diterst de abordare » progranelé
WesocenrtBess etorturstor erestosre enupra construeyiiler fundrare
sou rorminta- reper prine see
cordinsle.
do erhitecturé, fn een~ vi a calor religionsa, » condus 1s 9 dife
opayia
tignal, tn veene ce, tn cozul progranelor majore, 96 deaprind anure}
iilor.g4 mesajul pe care caps
trobuse e8-1 trensiiita. Le aceste Fipurs de edi facts
dere 8 cenceprasar z
In orgonizeren opeytilor,lecvintet primeez® ersteriul, fn
caneeptts oravind expressvizotes af
urnéregt
+ daptrtarca voits de sears ye ononumentelstatea~ pentru ei:
denitinren purersi coplesiipars’ a! fersonulud sau 3 divunatiyed,
+ fugerares ideit de, tnaccootbisrase (sou d
+
&
Pantro tronspunoren acestor foneeptis eetieds fo forme cone,
treo sintezd sennifiearsvs, in oral (nszores templului de cult divire
sou funerar. ‘Este greu de precizas fn co misuré procedsole decom
borttan avisonte de orhieestin epee aise venus tate Seat ea
cise, deliterare; este ce Presupus, ‘cd aplicares lor » fost spontan 6,2
determinath de an complex do eritoFat,nrantre care un loc dnperten # F
J! Supradimensionsces ces tin procedew prindr core, p Fi
dopareeren de scéro.veonh, conduce 1a inngins monunentale, FH
orhie
ture epi! say
font Eutvror egeponentelor uhvs enats (lungine, Létine,. ina
time), formele cezultate Fiisd echilibraes
supradimensionares eate eplicets concon
ee aune directic.
SulsTitsrea gi frontelitaree sint proce
geometric po core. antradue; sint generatoar: 0
umentalle, find oerds formele nagurale, o-gonice,. 1a eit
nul a2. cagortenss in od fireac, Ia arhitectura egiptconii-ai
Haile oo
In Tiacore dintrs, epetst cote. dsepos ental,
duce a perceperen frontolse etructuriion-m
Bees snacossbalitated oe ceflocts tn colapig-dinnre: URSPLE
iw
sScindunse o-oridare 9 ofectelor” ta
xigt for-orel erat: aunt prin‘woreuraa vial
decmeetn 90. paeronds tntr-un epariy éescoperat dor Vemssar pd
Hrietre, (curves eu” porties) fortes ee
ueced doze lungul unut ax major de’ cos.
gare, in uceessunésrlor, stnr tratete
sanctpatatcs! diminueréa. epaystilut g
utes Ortpperaacts plone: spo
ot Anbitinen aces tor
ereptors Hlumina. 93
rmosfers > mister, Inte nme
els spa.4a2e eucce
sive ee iaterpun!oilenti: aa
netive Ver fareie suang de vpachtdecea ents
wnurersals ole efrar suorate te reba
ine’pert Aus nunde.din cx ts ee.moa.rnatrias, da_oam ent.
PLASTECA. ARHIT
FURALA A snisiTaUCTEILOR
4
Prantre factorii care au conditienst plastics arhitecturals o
4 tehnteile de execu~
ris, crractersotses geoorafice aie Vt 'ilelud, eunaade socials ane~
Hpiie8 solicittnd wonumcatelitere; preceptele .religionse de “fo losire
bp ynui adatom de sémbowuei eee.
Tompext rv
Arhstecture eospeson’ utslszanct volume siarle, elare,. deter
anaes ge Links ed a:
fewitat din cehnies de conscruct
rafeie drepre; domins torrele geometrice primnre
Fear, cudul, parsasds, ceunehiv
Fremidi. Azenets optiune o
volumele,
[en e4 onaydile, sfnt supra vomBrindu-ss 0, inde
in blacurs de, pints:
SINE de scare unani+ parnageo, 2
ip Kecaale Beuph o sunrntash ge ance imaras. 4
Gruparee.voluaelar. rezulth din orennizaren genarolé a snagitior
mplul, conceput pe_ bn:
de eompozitie, ee dosfBsoars co o.auccesiune vo. volume. intre rupes
Eioode stints monunencals. :
* In raporteres 12 spagiul netural oe conte:
SEL care wv cezuleat an enractersstics geogestice datinete. an z0r8 noe
‘fees
ee
tae {i,tenpleler’ funerore diacunrale neerspole de Th Stseh,, seqqere. seu
023 dou pozt $4
a cimpia plots a delter: este cozel mastibelir, prramadator,
ADEENGE. Te zona controls n vats itSlulus, Sn, preaiae Tabes, mort ansow~
2 desfigearé tn terece care,
Tnagihed athitectucoia pte coplepitoere. prin’ austere
ree eoneeruetitlor pt, inplicit, n purerii
relinie.
Anvastit in reallzn
S'tarwonulut gi @ princtpelulut-edu-ouial thbier
9 Conpozttic volumelor: ansaahiul de Ia Giseh. Volumele concepute tn
forme geomet rics creeazé un relief artifsesal fn cimpie plara-e, |
zonei de nord = vait iluluL. generind sonunentalseote.
Lungior sngambiel de: Lo, o64r
Lungul undiraw de compozi sie,
neturate- ole terenvlut “stat prelueraté, pra
Be
compnzi ft
Lume tor
iors forme: sp RE
Trotarse supra feteloc.
Peelucreros smngints ochttectycale 9 suprafete:or interving
ul exterior!
anectel, in enzul eonetructislor reprnzentative,, 99)
Constructistor nodeste fiied fn gener} neutru.
“Adurile, aproope opsce, sffit perforate be un-aumir, aise
goluri. In cozul constructisior dejacis dimensiuni 8s recurs lee,
nite procedee menite 93 ovite mondtonia: zidurile din cirsmids ne gis,
Ent aleatuite, dupd moder,
fale wormintului-2ud Menee do 18 Kagadeh 5:
eee ee eee tee cei ewe ad dre pang meets cater Tie
co 0 reninsconts ® unop xredizis, le zidurila, de dae
Gcevate din pietré, le ansomblus a6 Ye saqqsra. Ulte-tor, acess tsi
fnul8 g fost sbendono®’, zidurile Find tracate eo supratere conta
pe care ce dotapeazsfhunas qrometris esizelor alternate.
partes superisaré a zidurtlor sb incheie cu un profal conem
|
15 reepay
ope nunita “cornigé egiptesns”. Sures ‘leéstus ele
co ofl3 Sn relusres formes parspetelor teraselor cers,
Gin qutele, prin prestunes 1ytulus foldsit ce fnvelitoera, oe curt
cbrre oxtersors :
Tn nejoritates cazurilor vna.‘dingre fayade ~ceo prin-care st
occade tn constructssn benafteiess de‘o tratare erhitectureld éecss,
ve Toradele urineipele ale-elaielor-ragele sev ale vileler de
ev. ancedranent. de
nse. Lp tomple, Anteafea ee: {ncp printe-un- pilon masiv 9 cSrut_ pr
went eehloncesd peihologie saupre celer core intentionsar8 98 ee
Sr Inraecctony prin carseferul sopfinator razeitac din 24
j
Fotedele locvinyélor, modesty sit In genera) simple; in uncle cozul
din documents’ Sconogrofice, relese preza
s orion wartice acu, loduaga
colgsnes a
,
(2r's modutai
Leretent o¢ poate radi
tranemise prin interme
elor us teria~
Fepresonttri picturolé pe. vase,
Torte’ aceste ante ne i
‘Oe Viatt ‘ais rentaditeltior oncci
Societates cretané sx conturen
Foroerts, etinali, conforeabiie,
nformeazs indirect
Mca find inodinsta eftre @ vie~
9 cline! destigurace
gurantel politice renarett, de ef mati,
$8! individuation gare pre
nd 3
2 stat sue
ever 9 insulerd. 0. ten ointh
orl Lentesin gi varintatoe foraslor, re~
Produores wer scheme, mare sl carnsteriitze mantels theiie
i ROligia cretand: @ avut 1
E20 ominat ae ack banat
# bask; dup ctw se presupune, un. pan
jy RdoreLt tn diferite ijo
unit Simbolizat ae "Lebria” (imagines duble:
SH numele ae Labirint painteini din Cnossec)
&7
suze gi de geul
eroust’ eave ar £4
gi mteriolizet in sonferit, gi ne
‘tours Un carneter, lyin, era slenente naturale:
secize, anort, grote. Fornole dé 7% tunl curente ereu donourile,
curite asere, luptele ov tau (tailrokatapaia), xituri de plate
Sruortion, proceatoni, ofrende,!mijoritates dexztgurtntu-ow tn new B
ts
leXptane, aintre care ce detagenst ,
Byars, av atabt1it © eronodogie #
Pinoiet” (numith astfe? dunt 1
Lider.
cercetitorii civilieaties
Geschiatitor de drumri, arthur
cipalelor etepe pareurse de Tunes)
derail rege al Gnosaosvius, Minos)
1
Lisetiet crétane. Peincinalele sonumente-
{ FANOTARUL YECHT (2790-2000. 169)
turme refuse .¢e oxBi tog Rut
vasilixi, protetip &1!ptitoarelor valet
anvetppta t
cava de pe colin’ 1a
te ge tip, "thon
01600 fens)
conetrystie.nriselor patete.18 Cn:
Nelli; casa oval é¢ 1a Chana oot
1yso-it00 fens ~ cistrugaren prinelor pelete
urmatii do“e Boun £a2v 9 velatelor, re~
PRTMOTAMUL BEDTU-
cutren
faceres color gé 1niGnosces, Pheistan, Helles
oregul durin |
srmprani napzrn (1600-1400 ken.)
ge indlorixe..a.artelor; reparerea p
toler
gL infetouranen dominaties micengene prin princi pi -
ourrenajies lumii
10
“ goheeni., mazeJna incheierss
eresane. constructia on
Referindu-so La x:
anwngn_ci.Me7, sre oabens nunerent
Ls tfinit gi 90 de oraz”. Bongitotus ae loavine caram Asus es
pil antied # Fost. consinsbhi de cereetrile amneoloyi ce eure
nuct-ce- tena Ho tiree; cate sarod taney ecto
or-agertiri ani tnsemate” hit ue dare*Cnoass, Hach r\ec%s;~ Sar
dpyerciel ~ permite éespr’ nds roa
sjnnday gontha maptegugtresc of
1» elinente carecterietice cole ageesritor artane cr tone:
us vt plan
terul-snonton el eanbiel agezteii, tr abeer
sanitits ae
trea. stredeli! nererutaty fi
Linere nliings tntre conatngeeit, unwirin’ conc,
weroese Ceniveliri, + tereAblus gi stebitind 1a,
Aiferitele munete ela aragelgs, eu © Lenainie Ce-canver meng
pUeile ov resltat din snatitie
Sturi Size
‘2 integral!
tonaings'a inaulelor @intes streei 5 ele-
corune, i huni
carpi inte
L Curnie’, atellerete de ol
de alettwiges waiume. cobnee
Seeq st catiairan seelizings-oe
mnegtequesecasel (in
rit), ee combi
Sxistengs uel centre q’tre core converge netdenn otradeis,
He de tip
Yooutre)
sled-vit, cin palatal congacstorudui gi un snaps
jo}i) eivlea; un asdkeaed on
contextil lumii-antice, sentry prina oar tn Greta, atesiing
exigtente onor onumite forse de panticipsre a locuteriler ago
zUrii-te vista publiel’ (fenomen cere nerense Tormele de encom
nigare socialf ole civilisaties cresegei) ji legSturli ew acest
soaiy —pkakt gl orientat eltre et, un grup depracenejateeti
existent uno¥ epectseote, provabit cu enrscier ritasi, conati~
tuina primgie forme vunoscute ele yiiterului program Ge teatro;
abaenge, funckies, de opSrard: agesirilereretene, protninte ne
‘airal Ge mee gi de o Flot puternictl, mu an fost fortificate;
Sal, de ap!
ardvat, @iotingt 3
‘zonga mor prescuptirt peatra, vonZort urban: ad
evacnerea epalor residuale gl pluvisle prin nigel
aubterene (ineori realizete din pisse ceramtse), strut’ pavate
cu dale te yreeios Feterinte of tehniet as eanstountjs
Conanda aptitecturalt specific Yun: exetane enre
Ni eite
t-coracier oo intim tate,
Pocgdre ovédtuptiel ae n cbtinc'wrecte de mmnurentelitate gi ae
6 pus sed enten.at lo-conetrscioritor~cere
pGapifestat ca inovatort, Zoooin3 hrocedee simple,
HM aid €o @inensiunt wiel, ov uh prowm,
‘te
Fatoriolele g¢ construefio htiieate mu oat ete coronce
entielda, emul.
pia
¢0 pei ji jeontinus ~ o reatizau, La ai-
GE-plstel priomatice, oseluerste prin
ru etaje, din clirfwtds sau loca) ge pinta (pie,
A bruit ineestE $n mortar), cv aygntuste legstur: Ge Lenn.
‘(Hunetul de sppisiii izotae, pilq!ée cietrie’ ow coloano Gin lem,
“ef Tolosca ventru.civizares unor snatit roi mari cere urmou
28 fe
neercs Ce separtni froneparente intre dou
spstid
“i @eschice chine corti intetloare)
seu in cou porticaior.
Acoverines snatiitor ova rexclvet ev mi flosc: simple - sian
ai Se lem - prosedeu chia, in condi{itie seienice ope
Ailes Gretes, osigure © snunits elacticitate eii¢irilor.
ged st um nuitie retstiv mietnts
ee ea
Gi Geogrene dintre care ed Catayeszt on caminant, aitust tm centre
“oe 2
§eyceentriqor creatoors gi neneZici ind Ge o organizeti in jorut wieitor curst sneersony
Paletele eretane fer’ Inicines puradoral® ¥ unr cowposg
expresive, Je dimansiuai rplativ reduse care, "prin juts
de eub eee Fiore PL unor legi compozitionale. a
cbire frntezie, clltrg eviliren vigoriler aimstried ¢1 , = z
Lite, secentusnd earjefbrun co intinitate ras
Couponentele corceterisiide unei composi [ii sn axhitectuniee
eretanti aint: spasiul Ingite, opasivl vooperit dar gesehty
pe una éintra Yaturi, “edopfuel printr-un gir ce coloane,
ticul gi curtes tesconsifh.
Ge" realiefeaat 0 Uranzi lie Sluentt intre interior qi ext
conferind arhitesturii uaigeraster-desokke gi, im n woot’
tin, 2 intinitete gf eonfort, In conforaitste oo roruL
. Bin Juxtnpuneren oceator spn eS
cia Cate ats a Sbeo
Gonceptiite spabiale proprii lumii eretone tci revtsese €
pondenge ti ércerigaren volumelor gi @ pleoticii srhitecturele:
parea epagiilgr in cofrul unui ‘anssablu, cqracterizate prin, stud:
unor efecte exresive nusai ie !niveTul mucleclor care T1 corpun, ef
c& lipss unor preccupiri de ory
henulud, aledtwind © succeciune compliestii de terdse zi olvelurt
Hale. GuESEWERHT séapoeipiet eete orenmic, integrat firese inmiedy
natural pe care nu S1 neagd ck tiveccentysosl tomele.
Mostiga amiscetre e ertriotretor ots nent it
“tielsonu" pont, 6 unor Tezade Lratate arhitactirel-
Tnteresul constructorilor ve indreaptti ekitre organizere:
Leda. interionrelor, care se sitvessi sub seonol acclorag’ priné tpl
care Jomind, conceptiite spaziele:, corasterul inti,
2Aqilte lagimetsice. lenentele Ge vocabviar care partie ipl, 1a etsby
ares pladticii arhitectorele aint restringe: aqcadranente de piatilp
pile gi.colosne, de Jenn. Coloma eretentl, ou formole cole
—_-~-e0.constisnie-couine-dintine-imge\ptie-ce-caractertacaitortritwe tt
nav eS
cretent aeivites einir-yn.capl ter Sv ebeck Fa
ford Ze ior, are un’ constevetiv'.
PORCHES taoie oimt weoneite os vn eho cw eulanre, w euleck Fone ge
Ngrereptt aint av: ftvdce reprezunttinl gcene difeorite,
Seeirrenres E niurl af otstat, pardow elite
eolisuty, din.matertete rrefectiosay cun oe “i elalaw tats teen
ashi 10 mecentuuren confortilis, intoles, tm lunes cree un’, ma
Gu 0 rezolvare feretionuitci' zi em rezuliat al present, ei onor
jeneratoere 42 rtistidns a
ngiint
Bef. ahisqnturn creat au ivitigotin oretand ee 2
Zficgenn orictnn), cv profiide (eter tari podtieulere. Go udute node ty
Gewpiertdl Vaohflor Civitizayti, preeate compozitionnle cere, reugesd
LQiisore soniivlui cxnrraivitata, snpsi tae ee
SOMUS1e create, munity Sel dintrs dare:ge dutuge
wnamite, pain imam
cen a unui emir
igntre\t intin, .rnportat In abeiu win. Tr reeot nod, arhitacture =
Agent AWaet montmentnitteten vexattats gin eupre
Snenéionare, proce
Gin Bgipt eau Meaopo tante.
ten, Ne pot recimoagte,anele idei comuczifionale care
Fegtioone in nrhitestura altor ciziMentii: rezo?verea palet ever
Geno cu 0 curte interiosrli majord gl alte ~urfi, mal modesty ou
soit," SGreFeaat, cu Contd ivereniierite ae inacini obtinute;
UBxe Wformelor tnttinite. tn peletole Louis asiro-chaldecn
TO Gondied tuind o verigh tn lengud dezveltses! senamenudut, exnt~
lestuval, erhitecture eretant a furnizat exnerionte orelucte de eivd:
Hentis1e edre na euecedit-o: omen mloeniand al, prin intorseaicl ef;
GE x cbestot .nitice, ALSturt de uneie optlunl Jo orzantzare n. apa
Si \iurat coro fin qi de manzeD/thtt comune anet anunite ert eutured
{8 neest ona, cee n Wtoratului meaiterspign~ acau tranenio pi” elefen=
[2 concrate: coloana eretent prefiguirenzt. fornele @oriculut cece
a ARNTESOTURA CIVILTZATTEY uA. sT A
-) gedrul general de deevoltars,! .
ve tenitoninl “Greckal-eontiakhieloy-le-inossutea mend oleivea
ae Sev-s-a instalat.e orl oeitk, se nave, ain, Ait olia,ce
fibenitor\triburile achoene Mp pougit ec-gt_inatt tute domvinatia
‘aetbanid, o-au ee Peloponesului, tn_angolida,
Tidtont potemiee roreihigltii: cotitine vos, Asges firs
{) cuo nei Sngemnate cintre ele, tatates Mieenc care 6 dot gi yomer
GBMuieojtet respective - civiticalie smicenton
onrecterele generale ale sivilizaliel miceniene ne atnt cundse.
cate seviie'dontemporane de Leen.
ndea fees isininclet, colama, s Suet wt dient romtru. dist
é ge npattiler eo unwed Fig & oytheehor city
* yeniienen eloventel si rendizate lin 16
alilizale govrat as cet cele ane Soles
Jenn, Se¥eT Age) Le. fLind inca. panies Tn proc eda”
he,
feu
Usietaner wie
alae, in “enegrinplaeuat": ezine. fin incur
cote spun
araiatpior cifeuts-
reteas fuceeciv ereind, 7
Bo © canon! Peale Hod gewht ste, aly
BABortanl! an legion tr
Si efumturtlon): Prose
. relstiv vari efe
#e tiv tholos ( pormincele recele ée ia hiceng,
Ttezaus al Tt atren" are ‘odenchidere de 14,8" °, Bar gi te anettt
Ainensiuns retativ modeste {emteriile avenasals $4 Frommer zidulwi
s echnten Nrint)«
Penton desoyiderile oracticnte in eiatrie ~ hor he eet! silor ou
it 1a conetauerile ee ci
agra care mgd i=
NeresJ fq aorminte. ~ eietemal caramt sate eal "thitifig’: @ouk 1espext
+ Pee M eeowtanii zininlel (noirta, falter if 2 laonatlest -modeu od od tat,
‘eu Bosoteuntiy.
i 404
be twilitie qi vidtinte ete
puaiibe de 1e"eent pasteat =31 Propoen «=
reste. de. ayfeptat de reo civt i
nat clesgie const
de patetul
omer serejer
in 07d
sys gmicenren’ WY 6-29
re de programe. 49
Mmaninied agrestyd [i
chav a foot cok. at cokes) dominetds
tui), cxpresie « strvett
quer)
ii gocietBpli-
:
Rerers ol perio
LT ceidionge mel aft eel petegniter care se wetrench
BO cer stare bo 920et ee oer eenuitient fo Mean
ET piled ope mutiny “eres moor ae tator” amterior come Mee
2 oe eit ee ee
Mforpinind atet tions 6 Sein accsted agers 0 govt inn
eT ipagin core 345 are eee Caguton vtoghh eetie®
rot unmele fegate de artis tector religionsd. TE
ote
deoconurite sp, ea) Le
fea. ain ofrande, se 4220
yentxyhtcr £ eur
vat wath
gu de precace #
woe es fundatit Fe unt
fe ex ritwelus
jurat anor al tare
vera chien iar imtgrioral megerar
gonetusr
din invert 7
ow
se peesaren
te tein
sveet Ae
ste le
se ceo~
oe conutracyiiier nist
sin unolizs
je fertifiest.
anaes
oe ee nnaren, de obiret RE.
ae gerenvtit, um pri
meminis
{ enrnsteriaties
osnnugtns 0
eaent de pres
Yaur) outern tee
pein cont t=
na efteve t
Ses gama, core [i
cures
env concigaraio t
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gionori tive
ce wslnerabid fnrecedt
gu ansrares:prpsecoren suns
hun a ur coPidor |
i
catorit
Meemtart partis eA Mom
armor ctaredoa, -satfed eonenie eT fe obltes ate
see cee Fhoneu nenrotesat 8% 0888). Fekerti neoerih amenen [i
Regt secundort, Boerete M67
5 neSevre 1
fel, rest
poten 2igurilery
Sete in er
cant zanes oatere
mnaxinumge pretectict
Rnnit al, incintedy
provejare one
scene? oo Sn
rare im
ror ¢e ani
fe puncte ce?
or, anplsct
onvled eetevl
qimitrof arecuus t
pflate
prowl eatiyid ¢é geri tori
din ngpaiei rarades ©
ge denoni te
TOS Mqatate cout 6x voles SY seexeie 88,
tas oer commie S20 0 ae 2 ae utenva, UFee
eecpnensct, 100 weitortiie
facete ee
dante, avgertne
jun
jue: obs
satteorest Hinge cette: |
801 orine {par ey?
Peart Leiter:
S2PE "A" 0 mocmint
PMIML pring Sier—renm
Mi tectirt run
fiormintelor ge 2,
Mipwt_de-nogeron ‘ulcent an
prineler a Taevinte micunient curenta, nefeatl os dimensiuni yi matertate
Tneerie, Fa! elementir speciale care
© persene tie
tre Thetper:
try obite, tn unale es eur! ane
area unor inagini Sxpeesi ve atnt
Boi tmportans
; ee dor prescuntetie pentrk @
Locuingele aye au. ad
xaletituiegte Gonfhanta eetifii antisite, ewe ve
iytulul ronduektorwici. Noruele salu ai remultet Sin pre
geizes Te oerk monunantelli, @ anji
Lip de iccvingl existent ain cet
Eivecai timpurl, pe teriroriut Cre
i einvinentole, ol buroped ‘contd
celitee, exterior, uncori Limitatt prin coleane) eed dol
interali fing
EASpL din gute; ‘prelungives ai@oriy,
ewodenad,veetibulol poopciueie, meters ee
Lint Igewinget?
revere’ 6Biré: ape-
ngperoncl, Inctpores princlipeli, dominant ca dimenaiunt, rétnd
iti vata, askere; hentru evadierée ¢.mului, densupra ve~
‘rei a2 practica 9 deseriders in acc:
rig) le eénatroctii te te
siuni pai mari -dua cote eam) megnronslui mre de La Virint
plangeatfLind susfinui2n dreptul desehiderii 26 patra eoiaaie.
Mogaronu) ars eoln ‘nmort att |
svécin Antodemuna gi atte 8
pelatelui xicarion, altwurtnao-
ki Ie Tirint soak © curte de anoare
Anesperi dv locuit, 0 ald Ge bale,
eProbnvia eu earacter ritusl etc.
Zoe congtlwit sn forme core rtspondena
nte-cemurt qi verenonid co t6.pu
ol wel
“Zorme mai vechi ce’ tnnormintare atnt repressniate de: cele: Auk
Béted-i ste woriintelor® G-sconcrite 1a, tiesne, dinire care, cel numit
hevlogh ta" ge aZih fn interioral inpinted (adele precedind. Gone:
Hin cetngit, fling aatote th eee. 7 Sen. 3. Sats vorbe de wofminte
Hyp uiupete.thtrun speyiy Lieitet prin 6%
punereu; "pe un eontun
ae de #inenstunt mars, forma, 68808
he5 Seo whitecturit miceniens etn:
{ saprsentative £1 ne totoguiet
Jonre eothMts (printre accatee
tlie
ae In Micens, alentuind recs
ne dotaen | oon eusitul “te
Lui Agamemnon pau cel at “Litenad fh. 2
ye mt intuee edire o mare tne“ per
corigor dugeoverit, “erote
rath gniiuiet Preran, ce ati ebibttee, vsaasritn et 9 eavel! fi
Jott Lnteral. tenole ecte seonertig fy exterior ou Siotnt, ovine’ sepa
ul unei eating im eave of trune
Goncentiile svatiels care
© spagiilar tn eoanorisit cu resultetldintr-o sintezi context:
8° fhj lorem oat tenentont, ramus
Lgrea-unor exveriente
enumite condirii éeelins
pe Fonaut voor eatarite
co enumlts ononizers 5
4 srosnlf ejftlieayiet, r¥aboinicttor-tel
si-rolitied ¢i cu un nnume nive? a
Getaseazli, ettova elenonte cetiniterti
nes pentny contisderiginil:
ionen_generelizat thu
4 mater
ep
constituje exapgit, Linitate 1A! cunb{ss special de snajlu 2inerary
Je circulers te tolesurilor ee Snecriu tn eooingi Eom
a» consceventh.'s obtinerti ,unok
up snumit ''ip-$s -retatié,
seteastt oa seriaan €o-srletenis fed
care pornegte do 1a id
Lor-terenului pentra necesithtt de eninere; constructiite
firebe In peinaj der spayiul ny se: deschide.cétreiexterter cive:4
Gin doxinge € protedjie Cala eveat pmet ge vedere, ‘olvitizasia ®
nani oreo przigie @iaretret opus oolei. cretane)..
Jn procedeele composi fiona, care ai derivat Oe:
gaptit “esentivie o-we vonturat anunite principlt de, srgarieere a:
dor: . ac a
Jispatitie, ce conPiguwatio Lor geonetitick simplt, o¢ sinh
aL tne rapsndpiitn-e-elren-strueterere-primeanticoritert
Eek 106 ee aX pracedee eotbor ti
1 prine’ pet;
0; S.privs curtes’ cum ten de”
ono isa ltutprinetsimegarorrs-ecees
aorouil fe nei; Tesazeate; O.te gine
shy t9.oregut de jos". 2
i
iti Teuowetrice c~upate Punetioner;
Sdinetriety megeronvl co domi
woorigtel; trasou cu dy itiple
axe accentutne 4 mugpneanii Gnui element dont
ronal
. coapgettie.nu este erort, 2
care sete, fn cacul cett Lit
Goadiive cBtre aceat punt fina)’ s) comoxi pret percares
Bune de eraifi'~ #epnerite’ icy, corti interigare ~ curmul tip
pajiile, initial Ingittte
nt cltusienei
sinetor; traaul ca
deschid ai ov seit In care
isto procedae contritils 1» secentueren senmogiel da
Sinetsin ai avtaliteten: 12. Tiel, Tougt seeec
onoars cere pracede meceron]
Tope ionsis sau'conatructives inpertonstis
ie epotiitor detrainaté de, rarticl entit
itt in adabtarea 1a coattfirayia, terenuled,
pEnide terenulnt, In-eeopir’..2e. rommole ard
Tate als avestor cpatii contractensi: cu rigaarea cartesian’ @
conotrosfiiler eflate in interiorul ineinteler,
e gete dasazet, £7
icn arhitectorall
Rez-iyared comporifies vilumelob.o atet cub cennul
_apapisie, In-rindililot condijionate agieitie.de gumctere)
civilizctiel miceniene.
“Volundie, extericore resi nmi loss, aim grunaren epetiiieg
gi feflects pe deplin: fonetie ce spinare care conatituie pr
Scentiels o erhitecturli miochione, urazring forseie terns
far sf le cospleteze. Volumale aint masive,. gupradiménsionate, + ie"
pline riieote fn teviten Teletopten davind, pinsiaical omerents oe
imeginit arlitscturalé, Intro total
#onouijie cw eorscterul, deschs
Lelor esetane. Géthbeg este nercenuts plobaly.cx 0
cpragive, peeocupares:oentiu: tratarea arhi tee wiralitie, ex
inutile at ediar Shednodts tn cecud unor ngreaiund: extarms-
dant tl consti take noakte.prine ipald: \la:wigede}- aceasta, cate dees
ce un element soulpturél ae factur® hereldies,, elciituit din devi Fe
sntare, soparate printr-o coleans. . ee
te erate er EEA OME FO
ieiinge ce eteborare.2 formetor.’#
pobtice {pPopiieaeon 1.9
aitiitor efutme,, apar une
rizout retaviv reeevant Soloist
108 scanen, Colonra,micen{anit ee pare’ ¢’. reprogucce forwele cele erete
eS openvesentaben de ps Mntowt ieelunghivlar ei wr}!t Letter ae tp
Fone ofur% agulagh inegine mnttWste in palavele Cretei, a Wei ec
eopitel fa formé ce, toy, gi eu Cust Ingustert an. pp
r ae 94 alvin
oe Prépris nel civittaagt pal usin rafhiote. Pepa onal 2
ce-intict uotiote pisthats 1a Tirlnisfeven pardoseale pietati an oto
‘nugepegiyaly eeretth enn tmporabits ev frvety te fasted ardtenk 96. itis
E Urchin povetiloe ov s)sdnotre sau lapielatzu:! sf apiicaren anor
‘Losate dé ufgn (66 ce12‘dssecnerip lo"termurut Joi, atreu) Dodo mar
fovgts enucet wipercoter oputenjsafenit dv tm cqmatisu vioaemt at
otie pentru materiale de prey, olrtlucitosre.
probanit.aljhmom tariuerte erie:
Arhitectura micéaiunt se dorinegte ca 2 ereagie de sintert
‘nierst# mor porulafti care cu Zost capabite oi rreie forme mi procs
RE coe co le eivitizgitt ge le eras; th ecel nomen, cupericere, gi ai:
reluewese intr-un opirit no’, corespmatier envinjelor proprii. Pir!
S241 o faci o arhitecturil Greciel tia, ds esre ve deosedeg te’ tn
tot esént iol, axhi tecture meejiant » oferit Heilsdei nomeroasie ‘model
fdek conatzactive au tipurt aj rezolvéss cere .u narcat contanultate
Hircaectl, tHeveroSad secolele turburt ale inoterirsi-doriontlor gi
¢ cenedei pororulut creo. Rete sennifieetiv Sepicl of mogeremut, .pe
Jetul prineipilor micenieni, a feet preiuat de constvurtorii grect ce
lou inyestit cu caldtetes de locuintia, divininagii, davenina proto-
ili tamplener’ de no! tire a
fo9 Scijel opoctl este neaatanot pintiee compiexo Litre cormnan’ eoetend
BEEED auino do gtinjé qh tebniclh!opfionk eatetise, Snelina tit st
Ue cgi coraeteriatioe, Infelegoren Zenomanstat conotmett v gee,
Sree Wyilor sole, metivesiile genorei anwmltor forme gi ctra
ate inglict abordereny chien ackenetiell, © unex agpect
forin evi Liggiiet sopoarsicr elene.
clewlert
1 arhitectu:
fe neambiu, privin’
peritoriud Grestet a cunoscit forme de etvilisatie ain cede
et thnpurs; culturtlor Locale nelaadive 1i-o-a ‘suprapas. apot
de afirgitad eLoniului TT, trtbortle noréi~
i Gitar vetéa cretantt Ser,
cee ke echeentior ai-au tupue propria elvilizetiv, cee micent ant,
be ‘a fost eupusk unos gocuri succe sive aa
P Eocte violentel penetro{it x aide? peniasuel peleantés a ur pope
“ret veaite dtm pord: tonient ealfeot gi, intr-» wltimi fasil, pater
cjfies elocie teSvort ole dorienttor, Din'eecole HIT ten, cfd spar prinete
f lonne ale desogregiirtt Lonit -oteoniene, pink elitze secotu K'ten, ten
| torial Grestel a omosout pertdadi ditieilll, de nevigurante gi go
cee pomres cultural: dorienii| purtitert ei unel inovayii esenzicte
fentse evolupie ofvilize}iel ~ emongteron tahntstior de éxtragere st
(Unease a fieruioi = se often, pe plans] ercapiel artiatise, oe
y teaptt Infarioars {i repost ee predecesoril Yor, achoentt. Age
nev wediv Sntunesost al luni oleae & foct parioads comazet
eu intecs @ sontopirit tstboriior locele ci holt: vanitt, proses Gare, 2
Tal, s condo Tn coagtitulves poporulus elen; Intrenga porioadé.s
Jont tésesen de puternice migeBrl do populagii ~ mlgrezen Loni enilo>
vtetede gi Avia tied, viitocres Tonte ca unacie a pktrmndarat Gort:
onitor tn Gracte continoytatd ~ iar prin etebiiizerse lor 5
rig teritoviall a civilizatiei grecegti- .
+ peosesul godples sl conatituirid poporuiat elon,
necolut X Sen daachide colen dezvoiiris elvittcazle’ grecegtt «
Pulse paztoedl, cunoeoutt sub oramisito, Go Ronestel’ gon wise
7 ‘vit? ten) eote hotHrfyoare pontya ronetitu™
Fy Fondemontale porta tatreaga evotigie
jonowioa pi sorisie fn
V5
eeu; 2 cortien
‘ASeaant CU PLAN PRESTABTETT
sm preses tul init tel
nadifiesrea, an timp, a dottivt~
xgenga cartierelor do
ponole dbatinete comer -
2 dots’ pablice (tea=
fe de 1oeiit.
5, Alexandria’s agseare de tip
hippodamie ou tondinge do .no~
pombsitelizare aopayislil. vars, 5
dont una dines! telah, Cenope,
ionath fares:
cate atipradti
port ct celelelte pentre . a j
Tobie caatigararon joer’ ample
prbcoatund » “s
: we fa menor es
wage) 92 desfligoart pe p
Pe nivel de Beate, 200 m,
furatia verenvli:
net snkdgint cv 0 ¢ foreng
se supeapune structure ricse-, tn gah, o retelet do otf
areot otiv, 0 serie de bt] aint alspasa' eonform case
nivel tn vrend e¢;!p0 dirgs{in pernendieulers, ctrterie
banta abiuptti) actseert rfidé smidcuite ea clei, rere
topele sraquiut #cinduvey {y citioattotes
~ 2 relstiv’ indeoondenté friuth sunn
seHt8 ce sidurite oe splsite] clonesijie, riaurslos, sen
aceatora este! Goterminat ejbéccoi taten folooistl efinic
terenutnd tn-scopul esigsriEht protectio’. gi, prin roms
Beniee, aperent-nerepulate, fpr
a regelet de dinties;
= nedirerentierds stricitor atin ‘tin
najore che st conduct to op{inerea unor eleete do nium
tate prin aplicarca prigetniiior einetstet;
+ onificerd funotionalii o ecdutinit; oraynt cave tupiivyit
Here, Jn unele cazori.deatihate unor crupiint etaice tts
se constitute eéntre cu confinit fmetional diatinet: 1
in propieres retor:dou¥ portuit ce: w/t pietels coreretaf
for th gona_de convergent a carticrelor residerpicie,
Politico-néministrativi ametusrul oregulul este smote
obicet th zona ces mat sholtd © apewisii.
oy Ss Pape Ee SanacteRstiéite generale ele urvenionulli grec, aif
in unele coauxt, tendinge.ditertte, cenerind. dite airectii in ev oid
‘guinfel conativeties oragului,: 16 Periom) sijgearg eleniotict,
dnfluenga concsptittor enecitice iurit orientele gi fa condi fitte,
Ae mbsolutionsl nonerhic 92 dinestiei wlenietice ‘a ractlor attedi
striéture uxbond urnireste obpiveres uiorefects 22 iadhurrtel! int
Yispubaren, constiucfiilor tn torase cuccesive, \pregiitind, dean unl
principsiulut: drum de acces pe ecropelt, inacini arhitaeturale s5él
/€vloape,. coplegitoare. fe
MMtuEL oe principlite urbenivtics. proprii civiligstiel
so noses
gare. fovt trangruse gi. tn vractica editicerit ovageion,
gi preseuptrl dae: vi dau Woraint' scent", protect i
/ieetes Coed rcs. Propunerile unor wari: eitezoriy
nou Ariototel, degi, imetivebile, Uvstrten! aiualuigtadinid—toor
TpCTRTAREL GAT Rates grenct, deschizind oli entra aenches cludlri. so
prinse iW epacilo urniitoare:
BREE 724 re ertate de conatructorié ¢:
secinlt este aro:
4 oma ¢e prog: 21 ee slepune 16 co
D8 Ge oomniciontivt cessry tnjelegeren emaerona [
NeGINE Oreci\ ansies, Struvite soctelppe:itiell « Greciels anne
n cottteniior 1a
eet An viet ootisului « event prowieele epariziei unor tiie ge neo-
"epsne necunoscute civilizatiitor vcela legate Je desfigurni reg [
{envi telor montzeerts | Existense éireritelor organ
2reu)vi{S2101, sémnaree poporae
(petteni)-e inpes creeren uel cee [
Gonsteuse Fo eare eavaton ating! ceafByoare aciivitaters contacter e
efile co
constiturte co centa
eale; nentew cnats activitay! eolective &
Lraaioane. civiticn
nt
Mea o targi partie
pasts SoLOWMBLSB, eno inn
al ese de conducere cod
-
pe
geiele frocvente, discwtille, tren
séale au generet apap
Vitale ole agerted-
dispensabile cocieta— [
srente tentce gl odeonneg pelestee, gianasioone ce
& srtned cate prigs cintme sasie tiviticentt sie
ws amane ephitecturit 6 conendd seziail folesenteen tee |
a sxitete, marcind un salt calitetiv in report cu epocile anterigare.
rermtiine eetovagints din weopotania sm Help ae conomety euseans |
AA IEOUREHM, sn monte Liettes ae progeesr seluiol, acyl, aan
Palerers visto civick rhind practic ineaiatenthy ns av moteat eter oe f
cools 2 erhitecusms corsepunstioars, Preleine
Gpikia onor soagit urbania
arcle experiente
maleate de etvilizaytile prahelentes, orbizessti greet an teat eat
SF rrrrr—“=ER
jgrane ae Tost condi tlonate de
de elit, fe tetnisite de cone
e$ic, de conreptiile opagiale bropriilumit grecegti; fo>mele lor oo
(eee Conlin nen oh sepa cere ce
aggineus Le stebilires unor Upologit: ueeroose dintte, pregsencle :
Rests de constructor{i greci eu constituit surde de inspleitie sevtra
Joadele ce ou urmet: teatrinl roman, stedionu,'zeu templar ousrezuitat, |
“GEirerocrarea, tntr-o vizidho. moat, a modelejor grecestit
TW GiRiextu) murtitulatt de programe destiaate vielit publice
iteseest program] priori tar al arhitecturit Grecia antice, cel cera
scterisoust tn nod eseatiol, tenplul, exprapie « rolulul peligiet
Helutut polieolui.
Viatll esrecteristic, de facto:
5
! g dental €emtt sues ee seo pein ruage dng
8 lor nu te vitbesze fn rincut 1
Mrilor representative pantera conc,
PAiile eateticn moore, pentru nipniul teiniei’ conatucten
mb Formele ge seuire int capadite ie") veflecta in aoe
© onumite civitizagi
Socinie ete. Perrine 2
Tey eahi
vont tleatily
sod de iat ovcitic, mentelitait, relatit wa
Ja aceare ores
» Teevinkn grenct se cistingé
soumite percicularitttt core au ginerst rezolvirile concrete ale ac. |
tot prograa:
1. Moewinga de’ cenvols t= condi gtile amet oexptrt sntena tvs
‘Ferenuial sin Anteriorat ws zbritor (in majoritotes cons stion
teritortul urban fiind Wt st fe re ziduri de entree
6c rontiguratin geceratic
atin
i Fenolvaren caractertotion cove
Juxtomunertt Loceingelor, reneetnd fronturt cont-inet e
CBtee otros. ;
2 vodud de right cargeteristic tn eadrvl femitles, distinetta
Rex intre vidte publict 10 care aren acces easluaty bteaty ts
Hi cea o.nuslesiut fari}iol, « ipus © orcantzare a Locutgie
ou soattitegplentate cttre Interior, pre ¢ carte, conedpit
“eu.o obturere aproape totslk clire exterior; tn Interiorui 2
locainget, rir a benefictn de rezolvéri functionals ance rete
80 contura 6 don aferenth bérvatiler, andront the gi o stvn agf
Fetresl, deetinath enellor unde’ ernv'incluae gi apetit te eo
Goseodtregti, gineconitia. Aetrel concéputt, locuinte, eu fojed °
20 nevtze, simple, nu barticipk ea element eatetic Ag caster
urban, Inetirebuura e expreatvitate revening construcgi tige-
publice. es
3. Umi corectertetten « parnin ah. inoue, deettguraven wal
Au wir mare de qctivititi tn aor Livery aeeat teeter @ cee neh
vtiHizorea muitifancsionalt's curtit intertoare prectit gt
existonge enor spatii intermediare deschioe der acoser te: donate
-2aY portice =
4, Im evolugia locuingei ‘grecestl 191 gisece rofieetaren re lagi
secinte coractertatice flestiret prrieade: tn epoca chock cig
Meondisiile denocrstiei oclavagiote, locuinjole mu reflec UAE
Yangul eo starde material o proprletafadul; aftranren aos
seeded tn adheniut viej{t publioe « pollastul Jarmo aug
Quplt sine doringa realiztels unet loculngs de preventtiy Comdd
wpue, ge pildd, <8 Portele nu locule tntr-9 canal
0 pr
18 ae cole ele altor ceti}en! atenient), dog! anti ti il
fy rezolvorca-mal empl a unok cane augereast 0 te
alterontiore 6 1, posoo:'Wyooutsl urban coracters atic
lagputn(ior conetiteite apontom ©
2. uoewinte din cartier? meg
tegugtirese din Atene (are.¥)
forma leewingei "C" # rezul-
tat din ineerierea tn
tul urban gf din rew
inge reamenaj ate;
strade "Harmurteritor" «
| Lowutnge sinaiew din Corint tn care
Tunetia megteguebreasck - cuptos
a pontra ol€zit = eate preponaes
rent.) in portoiga cleat
pelavegiote. eevirt
stelitufau Iuwon grea
antuilete
peedua 35 iatloontets vy
0 Great prealovls mol oi feren{ierd
Loowingetor ce aimensienl, contort of +
sete curacteristic Yaptui vil, th otvitin.
mul de Esiot crave exelvdiy gy ences whan
atteliettoy de po aerapain Yargamttud) .
Jn rovoivGrile eonerete sile loewingelor, altiuct se ced
prineip{t ou acfiune constant, epar’ unade venous ert suits
Proceny} evolutiv fireso precua gi nusnge vegtonale, vod ul peng
mer trodigii looale tn eiferitels zone ole Grecist con uinws
Lave coi In aviite colouizate.
Printe ratele ure arheologice core nes pervenit af
Sada arhaicl gi cea clesict so numlidilocuinyele Ain eartievon
Sustirsoe dole coring su cele din none. ecore! stentene, uss
36 agonirilor ou genteel epentonl.: Tresa etradatz 1
G4 tmplirfirite vou contopinie aurvenite'tn timp on
rogiilatt e lowivi gi, isplicit, a constructicl. sx
eonstenttl, evrtes jntori te Inet
Pentri: agestisile de blon prestebsiit ale evocii eeeles ~ cin
Sea'mat bine cunoscuth pein sereetiirlarheologica aie “Linus
Ae Aocuingy este mai clar definit. Lowrile do form voc tenjulendl
Sibir egele Ceproz. YreLTa) egeiltute din reyesua stra
pormie, 1a Glintjutiliesres unvi tip unite
care grupansit
0 01
viel usoninttoare, Th/'condijiite spiritualitayit greceg tt, valtats
Ae conde 1o identitate, Ie reolviiri tip, Ting evia
G2 individuaticare w fieetirel locuing
esengiele pentru © iéeuings creach
s vestibule? de acces, prot
~curtes intericart, pute,
Cinelusiy cea’ vertienii,
intumlle ose erm amennjate iinet de pistnit rl:
Sasha ls isonet
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