Analele Universitii Constantin Brncui din Trgu Jiu, Seria Litere i tiine Sociale, Nr.

3/2009

INVOCAREA EFECTELOR

INVOKING THE EFFECTS OF

PRESCRIPIEI ACHIZITIVE

ACQUISITIVE PRESCRIPTION

Lect. univ. Rodica PEPTAN

Universitatea Constantin Brncui din
Trgu-Jiu

Rodica PEPTAN
Constantin Brncusi University of
Trgu Jiu

Rezumat
Actul juridic al invocrii prescripiei achizitive,
condiie sine qua non a declanrii efectelor are n coninutul
su dreptul de opiune al persoanei interesate de a invoca
uzucapiunea, i anume forma pozitiv de exercitare a acestui
drept, care se produce de cele mai multe ori, printr-o aciune n
revendicare, (respectiv, negatorie) sau n constatare, dac sunt
ndeplinite condiiile procedurale pentru admisibilitatea unei
asemenea aciuni, dar i pe cale extrajudiciar.
Cuvinte cheie: actul juridic, revendicare, stricto sensu, act
unilateral, act juridic.

Efectele prescripiei achizitive nu pot fi

invocate din oficiu de ctre judectorul care
constat ndeplinirea condiiilor prescripiei
achizitive de 10-20 ani sau de 30 de ani (dac avem
n vedere acea enumerare a condiiilor prescripiei
achizitive prezentat n marea majoritate a lucrrilor
de specialitate1) i nu intervine de drept, n virtutea
unui automatism legal, nefiind un simplu fapt
juridic stricto sensu, ci numai prin prezena
aspectului voliional, n forma sa pozitiv, din
direcia posesorului2.
Actul juridic al invocrii prescripiei
achizitive este acea manifestare de voin, care, de
regul, mbrac forma actului unilateral, dar i a
unei convenii (renunare cu titlu oneros), are n
coninutul su dreptul de opiune al persoanei
interesate de a invoca uzucapiunea, i anume forma
pozitiv de exercitare a acestui drept, sau de a
renuna la efectele acesteia forma negativ de
exercitare.
Actul juridic unilateral prin care se aduce
atingere unui drept al altei persoane sunt, n
principiu,
supuse
comunicrii.
Problema
comunicrii invocrii prescripiei achizitive se pune

Abstract
The legal act that invokes the
aacquisitive prescription, condition sine qua
non for triggering these effects,has content the
right of options person who is concerned to
invoke the aacquisitive prescription, namely the
positive exertion of this right, which is
produced, most of the times in an act of
revendication or in ascertaining, if procedural
requirements are fulfilled but also by means of
extra-judicial action.
Key words: the legal act, revendication, strict
sensu, unilateral act, the juridical act.

The effects of the acquisitive

prescription can not be invoked ex
officio by the judge who ascertains the
fulfillment
of
the
acquisitive
prescriptions requirements of 10-20
years or 30 years (if we consider this
enumeration
of
the
acquisitive
prescriptions conditions presented in
most of the specialized works 1 ) and does
not appear de facto by virtue of a legal
automatism, without being a simple
juridical fact stricto sensu, but only in
the presence of the volitional aspect, in
its positive form, from the possessor 2 .
The juridical act of invoking the
acquisitive
prescription
is
that
manifestation of will which, as a rule,
appears under the form of a unilateral
act, but and a convention (renunciation
with an onerous title) contains the right
of option of the person interested in
invoking
acquisitive
prescription,
namely the positive form of exerting this

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numai atunci cnd s-a ales calea extrajudiciar sau

calea judiciar, dar cel ce se pretinde adevratul
titular al dreptului nu este parte n acest proces.
Oricum, n aceast din urm ipotez, hotrrea
judectoreasc nu este opozabil dect adversarului
posesorului. Actul unilateral prin care se renun la
beneficiul uzucapiunii nu este supus comunicrii,
neaducnd atingere dreptului altei persoane.
Adevratul titular poate introduce, ulterior,
o aciune n revendicare, n cadrul creia judectorul
verific ndeplinirea condiiilor prescripiei
achizitive, n funcie de care actul juridic unilateral
al invocrii prescripiei i va produce sau nu
efectele urmrite.
n ceea ce privete dreptul de opiune
privind invocarea prescripiei achizitive, analizat n
doctrin ca fcnd parte din categoria drepturilor
potestative3, se nate din momentul ndeplinirii
celorlalte condiii ale prescripiei achizitive, n
raport de tipologia prescripiei, i presupune o
facultate invocarea efectelor uzucapiunii pe care
titularul su o poate exercita ntr-un sens pozitiv sau
ntr-un sens negativ; mai concret, acesta are
alegerea ntre a invoca beneficiul uzucapiunii sau a
renuna la efectele acesteia.
Cine i mpotriva cui se poate exercita dreptul de a
invoca efectele prescripiei achizitive
Dreptul de opiune privind invocarea
uzucapiunii se nate n persoana posesorului care
ndeplinete toate celelalte condiii ale prescripiei.
El poate fi exercitat, ns, n modalitatea pozitiv,
i de alte persoane precum succesorii si
universali i cu titlu universal, n calitate de
continuatori ai personalitii autorului lor, precum
i de creditorii posesorului i orice alt persoan
interesat, n temeiul art. 1843 C. civ4.
De regul, invocarea prescripiei
achizitive este exercitat chiar de ctre posesor
(persoan fizic sau juridic, inclusiv statul sau o
unitate administrativ-teritorial). Grupurile de
persoane care nu au personalitate juridic nu au
un drept potestativ ca persoane juridice, dar, n
msura n care fiecare persoan are animus
posidendi, avnd calitatea de coposesor, dreptul
potestativ poate fi exercitat numai n comun, fiind
necesar manifestarea de voin a tuturor
titularilor.

right or renouncing its effects the

negative form of exerting.
Regardig the right of option in the
way of the invocation of acquisitive
prescription, which is analysed in the
doctrine as part of potestative rights
category 3 , arises in the moment of
meeting
the
other
requirements/conditions of acquisitive
prescription, as against the prescription
tipology and implies a faculty the
invocation of acquisitive prescriptions
effects - which its titular can exert in a
positive or negative form, more exactly
he can choose between invoking the
benefit of acquisitive prescription or
renouncing its effects.
Those Who and Against Whom Can
Exert the Right of Invoking the Effects of
Acquisitive Prescription
The right of option regarding the
invocation of acquisitive prescription
arises in the person-possessor, who
fulfills all the other conditions of
prescription. In its positive way, it can
be exerted by other persons like its
universal successor and with universal
title, as continuers/successors of their
authors personality, as well as by the
possessors creditors and anyone who
is concerned, according to article 1843
form the Civil Code 4 .
Invoking
the
acquisitive
prescription by other persons than the
one who fulfilled the conditions of
acquisitive prescription.
In order that the universal
successors
and
those
with
the
possessors universal title could exert
this right both in its positive and
negative way, it is necessary that all the

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Invocarea prescripiei achizitive de ctre

alte persoane dect cel n persoana cruia s-au
ntrunit condiiile prescripiei achizitive.
Pentru ca succesorii universali i cei cu
titlu universal ai posesorului s poat exercita
acest drept att n forma pozitiv, ct i n forma
sa negativ, este necesar ca toate condiiile
uzucapiuni s fi fost ndeplinite nainte de
deschidere succesiunii ori de transmiterea
patrimoniului, n cazul reorganizrii persoanei
juridice, n caz contrar am putea discuta de ipoteza
exercitri dreptului de opiune cu privire la
jonciunea posesiilor, n care succesorul unete
posesia sa cu posesia autorului su pentru a
mplini termenul de prescripie achizitiv5. ntr-o
atare ipotez, dup mplinirea termenului de
prescripie achizitiv prin jonciunea posesiilor,
dac sunt ndeplinite celelalte condiii n raport de
felul prescripiei, dreptul de opiune privind
invocarea uzucapiunii se nate n persoana
succesorului universal sau cu titlu universal6.
Dac autorul a renunat la prescripia achizitiv,
dreptul su de opiune s-a stins prin exercitare
negativ, negsindu-se n patrimoniul defunctului
la data deschiderii succesiunii.
n ceea ce privete succesorul cu titlu
particular, considerm, de asemenea7, c acesta
poate invoca uzucapiunea n temeiul art. 1843 C.
civ., n calitate de creditor al celui ce transmite.
Posesorii care aveau ns obligaia legal
de a efectua acte de ntrerupere a prescripiei
achizitive n numele celor pe care i reprezentau
(organele persoanei juridice, printe, tutore,
administrator judiciar, lichidator, judector sindic)
nu pot invoca n favoarea lor uzucapiunea. Tot
astfel, primarul unei local nu poate invoca
uzucapiunea mpotriva comunitii locale care l-a
ales, n perioada n care el era n funcie..
Cetenii strini i apatrizii, nu pot
invoca n favoarea lor dobndirea prin uzucapiune
a dreptului de proprietate cu privire la terenuri n
Romnia, avnd n vedere dispoziiile art. 44,
alin. 2 din Constituie, pot cel mult invoca
dobndirea unor dezmembrminte8.
Creditorii pot invoca prescripia
debitorului lor, precum i orice alt persoan
interesat.

conditions of acquisitive prescription

should have been fulfilled before the
succession/inheritance begins or the
transfer of the patrimony in the case of
reorganizing the juridical person or,
otherwise we could discuss the exertion
of the option right about its possession
function, in which the successor joins
his possession and his authors
possession in order to accomplish the
term of acquisitive prescription.
Concerning the successor with a
particular title, we can also 5 consider
that
he
can
invoke
acquisitive
prescription on the grounds of article
1843 from the Civil Code as creditor of
the transmitter. The possessors who had
the legal obligation to effect acts of
interrupting acquisitive prescription in
the name of those they represented can
not invoke acquisitive prescription for
their benefit.
The foreign citizens and stateless
persons can not invoke for their benefit
the acquisition through acquisitive
prescription, the property right on lands
in Romania, considering the previsions
of article 44, paragraph 2, form the
Constitution 6 .
The creditors can invoke the
prescription of their debtor, as well as
any other person who may be
concerned 7 .
If the possessor has renounced his
potestative right, the debtors action has
a double nature : it appears, in the first
stage as a paulian action and in the
second stage as an oblique action. If he
has not renounced yet, the creditors
action appears directly as an oblique
action 8 .
Thus, the previsions of article
1843 from the Civil Code are correlated
both with the prevision of article 975 of
the Civil Code and the previsions of
article 974 from the Civil Code 9 .

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Au interes s invoce uzucapiunea

fideiusorii acestuia, codebitorii si i persoanele
crora posesorul le-a constituit anterior drepturi
reale9. Acestea din urm au interesul s invoce
uzucapiunea mai ales n situaia n care nu au i
calitatea de creditori ai posesorului, ntruct, n
absena retroactivitii efectelor uzucapiunii,
drepturile lor nu ar fi consolidate, iar ei nu ar mai
avea nici o posibilitatea de a se ndrepta cu o
aciune n despgubire mpotriva posesorului.
n ipoteza n care posesorul a renunat la
dreptul su potestativ, aciunea creditorilor are o
dubl natur: ea se nfieaz, ntr-o prim etap,
ca o aciune paulian11, iar n a doua etap ca
aciune oblic. n ipoteza n care el nu a fcut nc
o asemenea renunare, aciunea creditorilor
mbrac direct forma unei aciuni oblice10.
Aadar, dispoziiile art. 1843 C. civ. se
coreleaz att cu dispoziiile art. 975. C. civ., care
reglementeaz aciunea paulian, ct i cu
dispoziiile art. 974 C. civ., care reglementeaz
aciunea oblic12.
Aciunea introdus de alte persoane
interesate, chiar dac nu mbrac forma aciunii
pauliene, se aseamn cu aceasta, fiind tot o
aciune n inopozabilitatea actului atacat,
reclamantul trebuind s fac dovada prejudiciului
suferit. Ct privete frauda, dispoziiile art. 1843
C. civ. nu instituie o asemenea condiie.
Aciunea introdus de alte persoane
interesate, chiar dac nu mbrac forma aciunii
pauliene, se aseamn cu aceasta, fiind tot o
aciune n inopozabilitatea actului atacat,
reclamantul trebuind s fac dovada prejudiciului
suferit. Ct privete frauda, dispoziiile art. 1843
C. civ. nu instituie o asemenea condiie.
Oricare dintre aceste aciuni poate fi
formulat pe cale separat, deci independent de
eventualul proces n care s-ar judeca aciunea n
revendicare mpotriva posesorului, sau chiar n
procesul respectiv, pe calea unei cereri de
intervenie principal.
Ca urmare, aciunea paulian formulat
de creditori sau aciunea n inopozabilitate
formulat de alte persoane interesate se poate
introduce pe cale separat, iar hotrrea
judectoreasc favorabil obinut are drept
consecin nu numai inopozabilitatea actului

The action introduced by other

persons who are concerned, even if it
does not appear as a paulian action, is
similar to it. As far as the fraud is
concerned, the previsions of article 1843
from the Civil Code do not impose such
a condition.
Any of these actions can be
formulated separately, irrespective of a
trial of revendication against the
possessor or even the respective process,
by means of a request of a main
intervention.
Regarding the persons against the
right
of
invoking
acquisitive
prescription is exerted, according to
article 1875 from the Civil Code The
prescription runs against any person who
could
not
invoke
an
exception
established by law.
Thus, as a rule, acquisitive prescription
can be invoked by the possessor or by
the persons stipulated in article 1843
from the Civil Code against any person
who claims a property right about the
possessed asset 10 .
A positive as a negative way
exertion, and not exerting it in a term of
decline of this right, too, lead to its
extinction.
It
follows
that
not
intervening revocation of this right, so
simple neexercitare not attract to
extinction 11 .
A positive exertion in the way of
produced the effects of acquisitive
prescription implies, most of the times
an
act
of
revendication
or
in
ascertaining, if procedural requirements
are fulfilled but also by means of extrajudicial action.
a. Invoking the benefit of
Acquisitive Prescription in the Civil
Trial can be made in a revendication
(against the possessor or by the
possessor who, after the fulfillment of
acquisitive prescription, lost possession

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atacat, ci i inopozabilitatea hotrrii

judectoreti prin care s-a admis aciunea n
revendicare. Desigur, n ambele cazuri, aceast
inopozabilitate opereaz numai n raport cu
persoana care a atacat actul de renunare.
mpotriva cui se exercit dreptul de a
invoca uzucapiunea
Potrivit art. 1875 C. civ., Prescripia
curge n contra oricrei persoane care n-ar putea
invoca o excepie anume stabilit prin lege".
Aadar, n principiu, uzucapiunea poate fi invocat
de posesor sau de persoanele prevzute n art.
1843 C. civ. mpotriva oricrei persoane care
pretinde c are un drept de proprietate cu privire la
bunul posedat13.
Exercitarea sa n sens pozitiv, ca i
exercitarea n sens negativ sau neexercitarea sa ntrun termen de decdere a dreptul de opiune al
invocrii uzucapiunii duce la stingerea sa. Rezult
c neintervenirea decderii din acest drept, deci
simpla neexercitare, nu atrage stingerea sa.
Efectele stingerii acestui drept de opiune
sunt relative, n cazul exercitrii pozitive i
decderii din drept, adic numai n raport de
cealalt parte din proces, n timp de n cazul
exercitrii negative, prin renunare la uzucapiune,
efectele stingerii dreptului sunt, n principiu, erga
omnes. Face excepie situaia n care beneficiarul
dreptului l-a exercitat n considerarea unei anumite
persoane adversarul din proces sau, n lipsa unui
proces, persoana indicat prin actul abdicativ.
Exercitarea pozitiv, n sensul producerii
efectelor prescripiei achizitive presupune, de cele
mai multe ori, o aciune n revendicare, (respectiv,
negatorie) sau n constatare, dac sunt ndeplinite
condiiile procedurale pentru admisibilitatea unei
asemenea aciuni, dar i pe cale extrajudiciar.
Invocarea beneficiului prescripiei
achizitive n procesul civil poate fi fcut n cadrul
unei aciunii n revendicare (introdus mpotriva
posesorului ori de ctre posesor care, ulterior
mplinirii prescripiei achizitive, a pierdut posesia
bunului) sau printr-o aciune n constatare a
dreptului dobndit prin efectul uzucapiunii
introdus mpotriva unui ter sau mpotriva
titularului iniial.
Exercitarea dreptului de opiune n sens
pozitiv de ctre titularul su care este prt ntr-o

of the asset) and by an action of

ascertaining the right which was
acquired
through
the
effect
of
acquisitive
prescription
introduced
against a third party or against the initial
titular.
A positive exertion in the way of
produced the effects of acquisitive
prescription implies, most of the times
an
act
of
revendication
or
in
ascertaining, if procedural requirements
are fulfilled but also by means of extrajudicial action.
The right option in the right
direction by his owner who is a
defendant in the action claim gave rise
to disputes of a process: invocation
uzucapiunii
by
a
defense
fund
uzucapiunii
invocation
or
by
a
counterclaim. Both doctrine and practice
has varied between solutions uzucapiunii
invoked by the defense fund, with the
exception of substance 12 , and invoked by
a claim 13 .
We also consider that the
invocation of acquisitive prescription is
an essential defence, without being a
claim in itself as long as there is a
connection between this right and the
juridical relation deducted from the
judgement (the claimer pretends that he
is the owner of the asset in the
possession of the accused and the latter
claims that he has acquired the right of
ownership of the same asset through
acquisitive prescription) and, besides the
1848 article itself allows the invocation
until the passing of the final decision by
the appeal court or, the acquisitive
prescription can not be invoked in the
appeal
through
an
reconventional
petition.
However interest holder the right
to invoke the acquisitive prescription is
better protected if his right is exercised
through an action counterclaim, even if
the acquisitive prescription was opposite

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aciune n revendicare a dat natere unor dispute de

natur procesual: invocarea uzucapiunii pe calea
unei aprri de fond sau invocarea uzucapiunii
printr-o cerere reconvenional.
Att doctrina, ct i practica au oscilat ntre
soluiile invocrii uzucapiunii pe calea aprrii de
fond15, printr-o excepie de fond, i invocrii pe
calea unei cereri reconvenionale16.
Considerm, de asemenea, c invocarea
uzucapiunii constituie o aprare de fond, neavnd
caracterul unei pretenii de sine stttoare att timp
ct exist o legtur ntre acest drept i raportul
juridic dedus judecii (reclamantul pretinde c este
proprietarul bunului aflat n stpnirea prtului, iar
acesta din urm pretinde c a dobndit dreptul de
proprietate asupra aceluiai bun prin prescripia
achizitiv) i, n plus, nsi art. 1842 d
posibilitatea invocrii pn la pronunarea hotrrii
definitive de ctre instana de apel, ori n apel
prescripia achizitiv nu mai poate fi invocat
printr-o cerere reconvenional.
Cu toate acestea interesul titularului
dreptului de a invoca uzucapiunea este mai bine
protejat dac dreptul su este exercitat pe calea unei
aciuni reconvenionale, chiar i n situaia n care
uzucapiunea a fost opus n aprarea de fond, ntruct respingerea aciunii reclamantului ca
nefundamentat, ns fr a se reine n dispozitivul
hotrrii constatarea expres dobndirii dreptului de
proprietate de ctre posesorul uzucapant, ar putea
crea ulterior dificulti practice n valorificarea
dreptului acestuia.
n acelai sens s-a pronunat i dreptul
francez: dac posesorul care obine ctig de cauz
n prima instan, dar pentru alt temei dect
uzucapiunea, se limiteaz a solicita, n apelul pornit
de adversarul su, meninerea hotrrii instanei de
fond, este evident c o hotrre a instanei de apel
contrar celei pronunate de instana de fond, dar
care nu dispune, de asemenea, cu privire la
prescripia achizitiv, nu justific opoziia
posesorului fa de aceasta17.
Invocarea uzucapiunii pe cale extrajudiciar
Dac invocarea efectelor prescripiei
achizitive se realizeaz n cadrul unui act juridic
unilateral, anterior intentrii unui proces, acesta
trebuie s fie unul expres, iar nu un simplu act de
exercitare a unui drept real principal, ceea nseamn

in the fund defending, because if the

action is rejected then could create
practical difficulties in realizing the
right of it. In this way was pronounced
French law, too: if the owner obtains
successful issue in the first instance, but
for another reason than acquisitive
prescription is limited to require the
opponent to call off its decision to
maintain the court fund, it is clear that a
decision court of appeal to the contrary
given by the fund, but does not have,
also on the acquisition prescription, does
not justify opposition against the
owner 14 .
b. The invocation of acquisitive
prescription by extrajudicial means
If
the
invocation
of
the
acquisitive prescription is achieved
through a unilateral act, prior to suing
somebody at law, it must be a deliberate
one, not a simple act of exerting a main,
real right, which means that the
possessor is aware that the right he
exerts came into being when all the
other
conditions
of
acquisitive
prescription were fulfilled and they
preceded the condition of invoking its
effects.
Of practical interest of extra
judiciary invoked is small: it can not be
evidence for compliance with the other
conditions necessary to produce the
acquisitive prescription effects, its
limited to removing uncertainty about
waiving
the
right
holder.
No
communication of such invocation not of
practical interest, while the original
holder (or his heirs) may bring action in
any claim in which the owner must
prove that the conditions prescription
purchase and ask the court's express
finding that the production effects.
In addition, this legal act does not
provide evidence for conditions of
acquisitive prescription can not be
entered in the land, according to art.

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c posesorul este contient c dreptul pe care l

exercit prin acest act a luat natere odat cu
ndeplinirea tuturor celorlalte condiii ale
prescripiei achizitive, care preced condiiei
invocrii efectelor sale.
Interesul practic al invocrii extrajudiciar
este unul restrns: nu poate face dovada ndeplinirii
celorlalte condiii n vederea producerii efectelor
uzucapiunii, ci se limiteaz la a nltura
incertitudinea privitoare la renunarea titularului la
acest drept. Nici comunicarea unei astfel de
invocri nu prezint interes practic, ct timp titularul
iniial (sau motenitorii si) poate oricnd intenta
aciunea n revendicare, n cadrul creia posesorul
trebuie s fac dovada ndeplinirii condiiilor
prescripiei achizitive i s cear instanei
constatarea expres a producerii efectelor acesteia.
n plus, acest act juridic care nu asigur
proba condiiilor uzucapiunii18 nu poate fi nscris n
cartea funciar, potrivit art. 20 alin. 1 din L. nr.
7/199619, ori acest act, care nu asigur proba
condiiilor uzucapiunii20, nu poate constitui temei al
nscrierii n cartea funciar.
n concluzie, dovada ndeplinirii cerinelor
necesare pentru naterea acestui drept nu poate fi
fcut dect pe cale judiciar, prin aciunile i
modalitile procesuale artate, astfel c actul
unilateral extrajudiciar prin care se exercit dreptul
de opiune n sensul recunoaterii juridice a
dobndirii unui drept real pe calea prescripiei
achizitive, i produce efectele (declanarea
eficacitii prescripiei achizitive) doar printr-o
confirmare judiciar expres.
Constatarea producerii efectului achizitiv
dobndete for juridic, numai dac este fcut de
instana de judecat. Aceast for juridic se
prezint ca autoritate de lucru judecat doar fa de
prile procesului, pentru teri are doar o
semnificaie probatorie. Persoanele care nu au fost
pri la proces pot oricnd solicita administrarea de
probe n al doilea proces prin care s demonstreze
c nu sunt ndeplinite cerinele pentru naterea
dreptului de opiune (posesia nu este util, termenul
a fost suspendat sau ntrerupt, dreptul sau bunul nu
este susceptibil de a fi dobndit prin prescripie
achizitiv, titlul invocat ca just-titlu este unul lovit
de nulitate sau, mai dificil de probat, lipsa buneicredine la momentul dobndiri bunului .a.).

Article 20. 1 of L. No. 7 / 1996 or this

Act, which does not provide evidence
for
conditions
of
acquisitive
prescription, may not be legal entry in
the Land Registry.
In conclusion, the proof of
fulfilling the necessary conditions for
the arising of this right can be made
only by means of judicial action,
through the actions and trial ways we
have shown, so that the extra juridical
unilateral act produces its effects
(triggering the efficiency of acquisitive
prescription by a deliberate juridical
confirmation).
Ascertaining the production of the
acquisitive effect gains a juridical force
only if it is made by the court. This
juridical force appears as an authority
only for the parties at trial, for third
parties it has only a probatory
significance.
The persons who are not parties in
the trial can request administering
evidence in a second trial to prove that
the conditions for arising the option
right are not fulfilled (the possession is
not useful, the term was suspended or
interrupted, the right or asset is not
liable to be acquired through acquisitive
prescription, the title which was invoked
as a just title is null or, even harder to
prove, the lack of good-faith in the
moment of acquiring the asset, etc.)

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D. Alexandresco, Explicaiune teoretic i pactic a dreptului civil romn, ed., a II-a, vol. III, partea I
Atelierele Grafice Soccec&Co., Bucureti, 1909, p. 65-72; C. Hamangiu, I. Rosetti Blnescu, Al. Bicoianu,
Tratat de drept civil romn, vol. II, Editura Naional, Bucureti, 1929, p. 294-295; ; V. Stoica, Drept
civil.Drepturi reale principale, Vol. II, Editura Humanitas, 2006, p. 270.
2
Rolul decisiv al voinei posesorului n finalizarea mecanismului prescripiei achizitive se desprinde din
dispoziiile art. 1841 C. civ., potrivit cruia n materie civil, judectorii nu pot invoca prescripia1, dac cel
interesat nu va fi invocat acest mijloc).
3
Categoria de drepturi potestative a fost semnalat n literatura de specialitate, dup 1989, n mod izolat, de ctre
M. Eliescu, sub denumirea de drepturi secundare. A se vedea, n acest sens i Ionel Reghini, Consideraii privind
drepturile n Pandectele romane nr. 4/2003
4
Potrivit art. 1843 C. civ.: Creditorii i orice alt persoan interesat pot s opun prescripia
ctigat debitorului sau codebitorului lor, ori proprietarului, chiar i dac acel debitor, codebitor sau
proprietar renun la dnsa.
Potrivit art. 974 C. civ., aciunea oblic nu permite creditorilor s exercite drepturile care au caracter
exclusiv personal, inclusiv drepturile patrimoniale care, n exercitarea lor, implic o apreciere subiectiv din
partea titularilor.
Astfel, dispoziia art. 1843 C. civ. a fost interpretat, fie ca o derogare de la dispoziiile art. 974 C. civ, n
considerarea caracterului strict personal al dreptului de opiune cu privire la uzucapiune (C. Hamangiu, I.
Rosetti-Blnescu, Al. Bicoianu, Tratat de drept civil romn, vol. II, Editura Naional, Bucureti, 1929, p.
296), fie n sensul c ar preciza doar c dreptul de opiune cu privire la uzucapiune nu are caracter strict personal,
chiar dac implic o apreciere subiectiv din partea titularului su (A. Boar, Uzucapiunea - prescripia, posesia si
publicitatea drepturilor, Editura Lumina Lex, 1999, p. 195). Aceast din urm interpretare ar explica i posibilitatea
transmiterii dreptului de opiune cu privire la uzucapiune ctre succesorii universali sau cu titlu universal.
5
Are interes s invoce jonciunea posesiilor, cel care invoc n persoana sa i mplinirea cursului
prescripiei achizitive.
6
Invocarea jonciunii posesiilor va avea caracter accesoriu fa de invocarea uzucapiunii propriu-zise.
7
A. Boar, op. cit., p. 200.
8
n acest sens, A. Boar, op. cit., p. 107. Autoarea ajunge la concluzia ca persoanele juridice strine ar putea
dobndi prin uzucapiune chiar dreptul de proprietate asupra unor terenuri n Romnia, concluzie infirmat ns de
Curtea Constituional prin dec. nr. 342 din 20 septembrie 1997 referitoare la excepia de neconstituionalitate a
dispoziiilor art. 47 din Legea fondului funciar nr. 18/1991, publicat n Monitorul Oficial al Romnii Partea I,
nr. 333 din 27 noiembrie 1997, p. 9-11.
9
n acest sens, a se vedea D. Alexandresco, Explicaiunea teoretic i practic a dreptului civil romn, vol.
IX, ed. a II-a, vol XI, Tipografia Cartea Medical, Bucureti, 1926, p. 73, nota 2.
10
ntr-un sens asemntor, a se vedea A. Boar, op. cit., p. 201.
11
Dei s-a afirmat, ce-i drept izolat (D. Alexandresco, op. cit., p. 74, nota 3), c dispoziiile art. 1843 C. civ.
ar institui o excepie de la dispoziiile art. 975 C. civ., n sensul c creditorii nu ar mai trebui s fac dovada
fraudei din partea debitorului, considerm, alturi de ali autori, c dispoziiile art. 1843 C. civ. nu instituie o
excepie de la dispoziiile art. 975 C. civ., creditorii trebuind s fac dovada tuturor condiiilor necesare pentru
admisibilitatea aciunii pauliene (n acaest sens, a se vedea C. Hamangiu, I. Rosetti Blnescu, Al. Bicoianu, op.
cit., p. 301 i 302; G.N. Luescu, op. cit.,pp. 756 i 757, text i nota 1; A. Boar, op. cit., p. 201 i 202 i literatura
strin: M. Planiol, G. Ripert, op. cit., p. 909).
12
Uneori, s-a afirmat c dispoziiile art. 1843 C. civ. sunt n relaie numai cu dispoziiile art. 974 C. civ.,
n sensul c ele acord creditorilor dreptul de a invoca prescripia pe calea aciunii oblice, dar nu i dreptul de
a ataca renunarea la prescripie (L. Josserand, Cours de droit civil positive franais, tome premier, 3-eme dition,
Requeil Sirey, Paris, 1938, p. 889). Reinem ns opinia potrivit creia, dimpotriv, dispoziiile art. 1843 se
coreleaz att cu art. 974 C. civ., ct i cu dispoziiile art. 975 C. civ., ntruct textul se refer i la renunare,
or, dac aceasta a intervenit, aciunea oblic nu ar mai putea fi exercitat dect dac se revoc actul juridic al
renunrii. S-a adugat c soluia este raional pentru c, dac admitem c creditorii pot nesocoti
neglijena debitorului lor, i invoca n locul lui prescripiunea, chiar cnd neglijena nu este frauduloas, cu
att mai mult trebuie s admitem c ei pot nesocoti i ataca renunarea frauduloas a debitorului, cci
frauda activ este mai grav dect neglijena pasiv" (C. Hamangiu, I. Rosetti Blnescu, Al. Bicoianu, op.
cit., p. 301).
13
D. Alexandresco, op. cit., p. 75-77. Chiar i mpotriva statului sau al unei comuniti locale, ntruct Statul,
stabilimentele publice i comunele, n ceea ce privete domeniul lor privat, sunt supuse la aceleai prescripiuni
ca i particularii i, ca i acetia, le pot opune" (art.1845C.civ.).
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Dac bunul face parte din domeniul public, dreptul de proprietate asupra bunului respectiv este
imprescriptibil att sub aspect extinctiv, ct i sub aspect achizitiv.
15
n acest sens, literatura de specialitate (G. N Luescu, Teoria general a drepturilor reale. Teoria
patrimoniului,. Clasificarea bunurilor. Drepturi reale principale, Bucureti, 1947, p. 751; O. Ungureanu, C.
Munteanu, Drept civil. Drepturi reale, Ediia a III-a. revzut i adugit, Editura Rosetti, 2005, p. 411, L. Pop,
M. Haroa, Drept civil. Drepturi reale principale, Editura Universul Juridic, 2006, p. 301) i practica (C.A.
Suceava, s. civ. dec. nr. 183/1995, apud P. Perju, Sintez teoretic a Jurisprudenei Curii de Apel Suceava n
domeniul dreptului civil i al celui procesual civil, semestrul I /1999, n Dreptul nr. 12/1999, p. 301).
Invocarea uzucapiunii are valoarea unei aprri de fond, iar nu a unei excepii, n sens procesual, aa
cum greit rein unii autorii, fr a deosebi ntre cele dou noiuni, observaie fcut de V. Stoica, Drept civil.
Drepturi reale principale, vol. 2, Editura Humanitas, 2006, p. 375.
16
C.A. Suceava, s. civ. dec. nr. 1410/1994, apud P. Perju, op. cit, p. 302 i 306.
17
M. Planiol, G. Ripert, Trait practique de droit civil francais, Paris, tome I - Les personnes: tat et
capacit, Libraire Gnrale de Droit et de Jurisprudence, 1925, nr 749, p. 746.
18
Posesorul, autorul actului unilateral prin care invoc producerea efectelor uzucapiunii, nu poate aprecia singur
asupra ndeplinirii condiiilor acesteia.
19
Dreptul de proprietate i celelalte drepturi reale asupra unui imobil se vor nscrie n cartea funciar pe baza
actului prin care s-a constituit sau s-a transmis n mod valabil un drept real.
20
Posesorul, autorul actului unilateral prin care invoc producerea efectelor uzucapiunii, nu poate aprecia singur
asupra ndeplinirii condiiilor acesteia.
1

D. Alexandresco, The Theoretical and Practical Explanation of the Romanian Civil Law, ed., a II-a, vol. III,
partea I Atelierele Grafice Soccec&Co., Bucureti, 1909, p. 65-72; C. Hamangiu, I. Rosetti Blnescu, Al.
Bicoianu, Treaty of Civil Romanian, vol. II, Editura Naional, Bucureti, 1929, p. 294-295; ; V. Stoica, Civil
Law. The Main Realy Rights, Vol. II, Humanitas Publishing House, 2006, p. 270
2
The decisive role of the possessors will in completing the mechanism of acquisitive prescription1 can appear
from the previsions of article 1841 from the Civil Code, according to which In Civil matters, the judges can not
invoke the prescription if the one who is interested has not appealed to these means.
3
The category of potestative rights was mentioned in the specialty literature since 1989 by M.Eliescu as
secondary rights. See also Ionel Reghini, Considerations about the rights in Roman pandects no.4/2003.
4
According to article 1843 from the Civil Code The creditors and any other person who may be concerned can
oppose the acquired prescription to their debtor or codebtor or owner, even if that debtor, codebtor or owner
renounces it.
5
See A. Boar, op. cit., p. 200.
6
See A. Boar, op. cit. p107. The author concludes that foreign legal persons could acquire through acquisitive
prescription the very property right of lands in Romania, but her conclusion was invalidated by the
Constitutional Court through decision no.342 from September the 20th 1997.
7
n acest sens, a se vedea D. Alexandresco, The Theoretical and Practical Explanation of the Romanian Civil
Law, vol. IX, ed. a II-a, vol XI, Tipografia Cartea Medical, Bucureti, 1926, p. 73, nota 2.
8
See A. Boar, op. cit. p. 201.
9
Although it was said, what is the isolated (D. Alexandresco, op. cit., p. 74, nota 3) that Article. 1843 C. civ.
would establish an exception to the provisions of art. 975 C. civ., meaning that creditors would not have to prove
fraud by the debtor, we, along with other authors, that the provisions of art. 1843 C. civ. not establish an
exception to the provisions of art. 975 C. civ., creditors must prove all the necessary conditions for admissibility
of the revocation action (C. Hamangiu, I. Rosetti Blnescu, Al. Bicoianu, op. cit., p. 301 i 302; G.N. Luescu,
op. cit.,pp. 756 i 757, text i nota 1; A. Boar, op. cit., p. 201 i 202 i literatura strin: M. Planiol, G. Ripert,
op. cit., p. 909).
Sometimes, he said that Article. 1843 C. civ. are related only with art. 974 C. civ. in the sense that it gives
creditors the right to invoke the acquisitive prescription on the oblique path, but not right to attack the waiving
of prescription (L. Josserand, Cours de droit civil positive franais, tome premier, 3-eme dition, Requeil Sirey,
Paris, 1938, p. 889).
But retain the view that, on the contrary, the provisions of art. 1843 correlated with the art. 974 C. civ.
and with art. 975 C. civ., whereas the text refers to waiver, or if it has occurred, the oblique action could not be
exercised unless revoked the legal act of surrender. Added that the solution is rational because "if we recognize
that creditors may disregard the negligence of their debtor, and invoke his acquisitive prescription, even when
negligence is not fraudulent, the more must admit that they can ignore and attack illegal waiver debtor, as fraud
is more serious active than passive negligence " " (C. Hamangiu, I. Rosetti Blnescu, Al. Bicoianu, op. cit.,
p. 301).
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10

D. Alexandresco, op. cit., p. 75-77. Even against the state or a local community since The state, public
establishments and villages, in matters of their private domain, are subject to the same previsions like private
persons and, like them, they can oppose them(article 1845, the Civil Code). If the asset is part of the public
domain, the property right on that asset is imprescriptible in both extinctive and acquisitive aspect.
11
Term decay is at turns judgment on appeal (as shown in art. Civ. C. 1842), in the claim in (or action negatorie,
if we consider uzucapiunea a dezmembrmnt of property) started against the owner or when the deadline
expired for the defendant to call the owner if the decision was final and irrevocable by neapelare.
12
In this sense, the juridical literature (G. N Luescu, Teoria general a drepturilor reale. Teoria patrimoniului,.
Clasificarea bunurilor. Drepturi reale principale, Bucureti, 1947, p. 751; O. Ungureanu, C. Munteanu, Drept
civil. Drepturi reale, Ediia a III-a. revzut i adugit, Editura Rosetti, 2005, p. 411, L. Pop, M. Haroa, Drept
civil. Drepturi reale principale, Editura Universul Juridic, 2006, p. 301) and juridical practice C.A. Suceava, s.
civ. dec. nr. 183/1995, apud P. Perju, Sintez teoretic a Jurisprudenei Curii de Apel Suceava n domeniul
dreptului civil i al celui procesual civil, semestrul I /1999, n Dreptul nr. 12/1999, p. 301).
13
C.A. Suceava, s. civ. dec. nr. 1410/1994, apud P. Perju, op. cit, p. 302 i 306.
14
M. Planiol, G. Ripert, Trait practique de droit civil francais, Paris, tome I - Les personnes: tat et capacit,
Libraire Gnrale de Droit et de Jurisprudence, 1925, nr 749, p. 746.

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