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  • AISC (1989) and ANSI/AWS D14.1.

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    Kuan Tek Seang
    36 vizualizări45 pagini
    Design of bolted and welded connections follow the same basic procedures as are defined in AISC (1989) and ANSI/AWS D14.1. The primary changes are in the levels of allowable stresses that have been established to provide design factors of 2.40 or 3.60 with respect to fracture for Design Categories A or B, respectively.

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    Design of bolted and welded connections follow the same basic procedures as are defined in AISC (1989) and ANSI/AWS D14.1. The primary changes are in the levels of allowable stresses that have been established to provide design factors of 2.40 or 3.60 with respect to fracture for Design Categories A or B, respectively.

    Drepturi de autor:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Descărcați ca PDF sau citiți online pe Scribd
    Indicator pentru conținut neadecvat
    36 vizualizări45 pagini

    AISC (1989) and ANSI/AWS D14.1.

    Încărcat de

    Kuan Tek Seang
    Design of bolted and welded connections follow the same basic procedures as are defined in AISC (1989) and ANSI/AWS D14.1. The primary changes are in the levels of allowable stresses that have been established to provide design factors of 2.40 or 3.60 with respect to fracture for Design Categories A or B, respectively.

    Drepturi de autor:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Descărcați ca PDF sau citiți online pe Scribd
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    din 45
    Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory \” UCRL-ID-145895 Mechanical Engineering Safety Note —- PEPC Spreader Bar Assembly Daniel Mason August 26, 2001 spartment of Energy Approved for public release; further dissemination unlimited DISCLAIMER This document was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor the University of California nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific ‘commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise, does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or the University of California. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or the University of California, and shall not be used for advertising or product endorsement purposes. This work was performed under the auspices of the U. S. Department of Energy by the University of California, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract No. W-7405-Eng-48. This report has been reproduced directly from the best available copy. ‘Available to DOE and DOE contractors from the Office of Scientific and Technical Information P.O. Box 62, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 Prices available from (423) 576-8401 hitp:/ /apollo.osti.gov /bridge/ Available to the public from the ‘National Technical Information Service US. Department of Commerce 5285 Port Royal Rd, Springfield, VA 22161 http://www.ntis.gov/ OR Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Technical Information Department's Digital Library http://www linl.gov tid /Library.html MECHANICAL ENGINEERING SAFETY NOTE MESN01-092-0A 26 August 2001 PEPC Spreader Bar Assembly Written by: \ | Daniel Mason Reviewed by: Keith Primdahl Reviewer, Deputy Production Manager ‘Approved by: Bob Murray Associate Division Leader Distribution: K. Primdahl B. Murry P. Amold C. Robb Engineering Records Center PEPC Spreader Bar Engineering Safty Note MESNOL-I92.04 TABLE OF CONTENTS Section A: Equipment Description Section B: Operational Hazards Section C: Procedures Section D: Summary of Safety Factor Calculations Section E: Testing Requirements Section F: Labeling Requirements Section G: References Appendix 1: Load Determination Appendix 2: Material Properties Appendix 3: Static Load Safety Factor Calculations 3.1 SPREADER BAR 3.1.1 Tensile Stress Due to Bending Moment 3.1.2 Shearing Stress 3.1.3 Bearing Stress in Center Supporting Hole 3.1.4 “Tear-Out” Shear Stress 3.1.5 AISC 1.16.5.1 3.1.6 AISC 1.16.5.2 3.1.7 Critical Buckling Load 3.2 CROSBY BEARING SWIVELS 3.3 CORNER CLAMP W/ LIFTING LUG 3.3.1 Tensile Stress 3.3.2 Bearing Stress 3.3.3 “Tear-Out” Shearing Stress 3.4 LOCATOR PIN 3.4.1 Shearing 3.5 CORNER CLAMP 3.5.2 Bearing Stress Due to Locator Pin 3.6 LOAD BEARING HEX SCREW 3.6.1 Thread Engagement 3.6.2 Axial Bolt Force due to Worst-Case Loading 3.7 PIVOT PIN 3.7.1 Shearing Stress due to Bolt Loading Appendix 4: Seismic Load Safety Factor Calculations 4.1 SPREADER BAR 4.2 CROSBY BEARING SWIVELS. 4.3 CORNER CLAMP W/ LIFTING LUG 4.4 LOCATOR PIN 4.5 CORNER CLAMP 4.6 LOAD BEARING HEX SCREW 4.7 PIVOT PIN EPC Spreader Bar Engineering Safety Note MESNOL-ONOA LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES PEPC Spreader Bar Assembly Table 1: SF Summary for the 9 KN Static Load Table 2: SF Summary for the 19.89 kN Seismic Load Spreader Bar Spreader Bar Bending-Moment Diagrams Supporting Figure 3.1.1-3 Supporting Figure 3.1.5-6 Supporting Figure 3.1.7 Supporting Figure 3.1.7-Bearing Supporting Figure 3.2 Corner Clamp with Lifting Lug Supporting Figure 3.3 Locator Pin Tabulation Supporting Figure 3.4-5 Corner Clamp Supporting Figure 3.6 Supporting Figure 3.6-N5305 Pivot Pin ser oem A PEPC Spreader Bar Engineering Safty Note ‘MESNOI-092-08, Section A: Equipment Description The PEPC Spreader Bar Assembly consists of a spreader bar that will attached to the PEPC Cell Housing or the Midplane Transportation Fixture (see AAA97-107575) during operation. While in use in the OAB (Optics Assembly Building), the Spreader Bar ‘Assembly will be manipulated by the NOID (New Optics Insertion Device). ‘The other critical components of the assembly are the three angular contact bearing swivels that attach the spreader bar to the lifting mechanism and the comer clamps which are used to capture the Cell Housing. Section B: Operational Hazards The lifting fixture is the only support for the midplane and the PEPC Cell Assembly while it is being manipulated by the NOID. For this reason, it must provide reliable support in al lifting situations. The midplane and its fixture will be well above the ground so there is a critical need for a robust supporting structure. A failure of the unit would represent a probable hazard to personnel and equipment. Section C: Procedures The spreader bar was designed for two specific uses. One use is in lifting the midplane transportation fixture, which holds one midplane assembly. ‘The other use is in lifting the PEPC Cell Housing. When the midplane assembly is to be lifted, the operator shall first establish that the corner clamps/lifting lugs have been removed from the assembly. The midplane will be connected to the spreader bar directly to the bearing swivels using the pins provided along with the bearing swivels. ‘When the fixture is to lift the PEPC Cell Housing, the comer clamps/lifting lugs MUST be attached. They were designed to seat into the cell housing without damaging the payload. The hex-head bolts used to attach the cell shall be tightened to 45 N-m before every lift. Despite the fact that the fixture has been certified to lift the mass of two cell halves at a time, it shall only be used to lift one cell half during normal operation. ection D: Summ: Factor Table 1 lists the calculated safety factors and required safety factor for the static 9- kilonewton design load for the different components of the lifting fixture. The calculations used to arrive at these results can be found in Appendix 3. -2- ‘This work was performed under the auspices of the U. S. Department of Energy by the University of California, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract No. W-7405-Eng-48. PRPC Spreads Ua: Enginerng Safty Note MESNO1-092-04, Table 1: Safety Factor Calculation Summary for the PEPC Spreader Bar Assy. Subjected to a 9 kN Static Load Calculation Part Description Factor of Number Safety (SF) For items 3.1.7-3.7, required SF for static loading is >3 3.1 SPREADER BAR STRESS (Required SF>4) 8.23 3.1.7 __ | SPREADER BAR BUCKLING 3.44 3.2 CROSBY BEARING SWIVELS 14.83 33 ‘CORNER CLAMP W/ LIFTING LUG 19.89 34 LOCATOR PIN 11.94 35 CORNER CLAMP 7.10 3.6 LOAD BEARING HEX SCREW 5.37 37 PIVOT PIN 3.45 Table 2 shows the calculated safety factor and required safety factor for the different components of the lifting fixture under 19.89 seismic loading. The calculations used to arrive at these results can be found in Appendix 4, Table 2: Safety Factor Calculation Summary for the PEPC Spreader Bar Assy. Subjected to a 19.89 KN Seismic Load Calculation Part Description Factor of Number Safety (SF) For items 4.1.7-4.7, required SF for seismic loading is >1 SPREADER BAR STRESS (Required SF>1.25) | 3.72 SPREADER BAR BUCKLING 1.56 CROSBY BEARING SWIVELS 6.71 CORNER CLAMP W/ LIFTING LUG 8.97 LOCATOR PIN 5.40, CORNER CLAMP 3.21 LOAD BEARING HEX SCREW 3.43 PIVOT PIN ‘The spreader bar shall be load tested to 150% of the design load according to LLNL's MLE. Design Safety Standards. This translates to a load-bearing test of 13.5 KT. ‘The Spreader Bar Assembly shall be permanently marked with the folowing. information: ‘PEPC Spreader Bar Engineering Safety Note MESNOL-092:08 Load Limit 9 KN [2.023 kips] References MESNO1-092-0A Use With: PEPC Cell Housing or PEPC Midplane Lifting Fixture Section G: References © Marks’ Standard Handbook for Mechanical Engineers, 8* Edition, McGraw-Hill, New York (1978). © Manual of Steel Construction, 8* Edition, American Institute of Steel Construction, Chicago (1980). Design Safety Standards ~ Mechanical Engineering, Rev. 7/Chg. 3 LLNL (1995). www.thecrosbygroup.com ~ 5 July 2001 ‘* Mechanical Engineering Design, 6° Edition, Shigley and Mischke, McGraw-Hill, ‘New York (2001). PPEPC Spreader Bar Engineering Safty Note MESNO-092-04 Appen Load Determi ion Design Load Calculation PEPC Spreader Bar Assy (AAA99-109702): 27.691kg PEPC Cell (Two housings + midplane): 561.056kg Midplane Transport Fixture: 78.0kg **Note: Since the maximum loading will occur when the spreader bar (S-bar) is loaded with the cell, all calculations will be based upon that situation. Total Mass of S-bar and cell: 588.746 kg Total load (with: g=9.81nvs"): F=5.776 kN ‘The design load must be at least 4/3 the estimated average load to minimize the number of “Critical Lifts” that occur (and must be cleared). Chose a conservative and easy to work with number around Py: P= 9kN Structure Certification Paosg = P ~ Prarre Pius = 9 KN — (27.691 kg)o(9.81m/3") Pyar=8.728KN [1.962 kips] Therefore, label the structure as certified to lift up to 1900lbs. PEPC Spreater Bar Enzinoerng Safety Note MESNOI-092.00 Appendix 2: Material Properties * Adapted from Rev. 7 of LLNL’s ME Design Safety Standards AL 6061-T6* Tensile Ultimate: oy = 45 ksi +Note: Because AL6061-T6 is a brittle material, the ultimate stress shall be used in safety factor calculations in order to maintain an acceptable margin for error in the failure calculations. The calculation would not be conservative enough using yield stress. SST 304 Tensile Yield: y= 34.8 ksi oy = 240 MPa STL for Locator/Pivot Pins** **Since the type of steel is not specified, use the lowest yield strength for steel - Steel A36. 6 ksi Gy = 248.2 MPa ‘PEC Spader Bar Engineering Salty Note MESNOL-002-04 dix 3: Static Load Safety Factor Note: Supporting figures for the calculations appear directly behind each section of calculations. 3.1 SPREADER BAR (AAA99-109703) See attached Shear and Bending-Moment Diagrams for the spreader bar. 3.1.1 Tensile Stress Due to Bending Moment To find the maximum horizontal tensile stress in the spreader bar it is necessary to express the moment of inertia (MOI) about the horizontal axis of the spreader bar as a function of the horizontal distance from one end of the S-bar. This distance will be called x = 0.01905 m h(x) = 0.094708 x + 0.099295 = EG) ei) The horizontal stress can now be determined using the flexure formula. M=-7* From Bending-Moment Diagram. Plug in for h(x) to obtain: =3P-x Come = (0089696R" +.018808K + 0098595)b PEPC Spreater Gar Engineering Safety Noe MESNOI002.04 To find Opa, calculate and set it equal to zero. This gives the location of Gay: Cas) ax qu, OCCUFS Where x = 1.048434 m. Plugging x = 1.048434 into (1) gives: To be sure, check the endpoints using equation (1): At the middle: G,,,(1.095) = -4184,5¢P Attheend: — o,y(0)=0 Now calculate the Safety Factor: 6, = 310.26 MPa 7.68 MPa SF= 2. 7, SF =8.234 3.1.2 Shearing Stress ‘The Shearing Stress (7) in the S-bar reaches a maximum at the ends of the member (the points where the cross-sectional area are at a minimum). The combined (Von Mises) stresses, however, will reach a maximum near the location of Gna. M= $= 4500kN See Shear Diagram ¢=0.01905 m 0.099295 m Smallest cross-section 0.19859 m Location of maximum tensile stress A=h(x)-t A varies with x 3M 2A Aths: 3 (4500 kN) 2 (0.099295 m)-(0.01905 m) 3.658 MPa ‘PEPC Spreader Bar Engineering Safty Note MESNO1.002.08 At hg: (4500 KN) 2 (0.19895 m) (0.01905 m) .784 MPa 3.1.3 Bearing Stress in Center Supporting Hole Only analyze the center hole because the other two geometrically similar and only support half of the load. 24.228 MPa 3.1.4 “Tear-Out” Shear Stress =0.01565m f;., is the distance from the tangent of the circle to the edge (conservative for tear-out) cc) 9000 N (0.01905 m)(2)(0.01565 m) Von Mises: 3.1.5 AISC 1.16.5.1 According to the AISC, a hole that is nominally 3/4” in diameter should be 1” from the ‘edge of the part. The top hole and the bottom two holes are nominally 1” from the edge. f¢-¢ = 0.02529 m = 0,9957"= 1 inch 3.1.6 AISC 1.16.52 ‘PEPC Spreader Bar Eneinerng Safty Note MESNO1-092.04 According to the AISC, “along the line of transmitted force, in the direction of the force, the distance from the center of a standard hole to the edge of the connected part must not be less than: 2? fc, = 0.02529 m f¢-~ is the distance from the center of the hole to the edge in the vertical direction 2(9000 N) 275.79 MPa)-(0.01905 Esc = 0.003426 m bene Cnse 3.1.7 Critical Buckling Load ‘* This calculation does not need a Safety Factor of 4.0 because it is not based on the ‘Yield or Ultimate Stress. A safety factor of 3.0 will be used because it is based on the Modulus of Elasticity. ‘+ In order to simplify this calculation, the spreader bar will be modeled as a rectangle with its height equal to the smallest value of the height for the actual spreader bar. This is a very conservative simplification because it neglects a great deal of strengthening material that exists in the structure. * The problem can be further simplified by cutting the span in half and assuming that the boundary along the cut (vertically in the center of the Bar) is fixed. The actual boundary case does not exactly match this simplification because if the beam were going to fail in the buckling mode the degree of freedom along the normal line to the bar allows the structure to fail earlier than it would if it was a fixed support. Two extremely important strengthening factors that we have neglected in the modeling of the beam counteract this non-conservative simplification. The first isin the design of the Bearing Swivels. Since the load is directed vertically, the couple caused by a “fold” appearing in the beam will be applied at the oad points and will counteract any torsional displacement of the beam. The ability of the Bearing Swivels to resist such forces is included as Figure 3.1.7-Bearing. In addition, the Cell and the Midplane Lifting Fixture will provide a great deal of rigidity to the structure when they are being lifted. The model that we used assumes that the load is an independent vertical load that is static through a buckling failure. In the real load case, however, the rigidity of the lifted item will act to prevent against buckling. © See Figure 3.1.7. 1.095 m a=~0.02425 m 6 =0.01905 m 0.09930 m =10- FERC Spreaer Bar Engineering Safery Note -MESNO1-092.04 E=10-10° psi =68.948 GPa v=.33 __E © 20+) _ 68.948 GPa ~~ 20+.33) G=25,920 GPa From Roark’s book, the critical buckling load on a beam having a rectangular cross- section can be expressed as: 0.6696"d, (1 - 0634 ec = (- 6B 4). (- oa oes 205m) 079 0.669(.01905 m)*(.09930 m),/(/879)(68.948 GPa)(25.92 GPa) (1.095 my" ad 1 - £02425 m) [ (68.948 GPa) 2(1.095 m) (25.92 GPa)(.879) P’=1SATARN Pay = E=45 KN SF =3.439 “Me fas 4 Sete eee =~ Sarla- Mier Boor Voie 7 Vee uStO > Wan! = YAZFGem | + oO \v@ OOH WPx + 0.078295 Mw t 1 q woh OS | O.0\96Sq a Lain Long Grips Rivets and AsU7 bolts whieh ¢ exceeds 5 diameters, shall have their number inceeased ! percent for euch tional thevineh in the grip. Lif Minimum Spacing LUG.A1 The distance henveen centers «f stan fastener hol st eguired by Seet, LTB 42. if app) 1464.2 Along line of transmitted force, the distance between centers af shall be not less than the following: 1. Standard Holes DPR + di 601 where 2 critical connected part tied by one fastener to jecified minimum tensile strength of the eritica! connected part, kips per square inch thickness of the critical connected part ches Oversized and Slotted oles: vired for standard holes in subparayeaph {.abeve, plus nt Cy in Table 118.402. than «ne bolt diameter. The distance re the applicable the lear distance iareeee arenes sah a L185 Minimum Edge Distance edge of a LAGS The distance from the center of a standard ed part shall be not | the value from Sect, LI the applicable value plicable Las Along a line of transmitted force. in the directinn of the faree, the im the center of a standard bole to the ede of the connected part shall he not less than IF u. where PLP, cand tare as detined in Sect, 1184.2 L653 Ave dlto thew Iream Shear tection induced hy fastene tandard hole ts the end of the heam web shall be net less than annections bolt nk eccentricity), the distance (to the ce Py Pt Lie whore Mis the heam reaction, in kips. divided by the nursher of belts. and F,, and Pare as defined in Sect, 11642, Alternatively, the requirement of Fornvul 1162: may be waived provided the hearing stress induced hy the fstener is Limited th not more than 0.9918 TR dtanve wd is prelerred See Commentary Set. 116-4 “15. “when te rip of whieh each adi ween centers of 16) connected part tical connected sh L, abwive, plus ‘ear distance to an edge of a ble L16.5.1 nor 116-2) cl designed fer Stor the elfeets 1 the nearest (6) dts, and Fy and nit of Formula the fastener is saa son seers ferewrtee i I See0u HTS 16 cued AD ExTEeEtic Wergr CASE THAT OT A 4 IMRSSITLS. Tt, uqwevOz, Verges TH Te Tease ever OY weeTeet A Gone. Mine eure AT We Stee GS OF A Mae. Eaorl tw UZSus = NC op Ge CSw= Bem Tesrnt Gress: oe Me Ce JSG On 122 (yeMaeS + Bad Crgy \ Lr —e—— = Gib vd(2ze\ S.A ZF ON Gye? EAGER = Se. . Hee = Tew Bs ew PEPC Sprester Bar Engineering Safety Note MESNOI-092.00 3.2 CROSBY BEARING SWIVELS (N4030-17446 and N4030-17504) Calculate acceptability based on the Jaw and Eye swivel only because the Jaw and Jaw swivels have the same capacity and only carry half of the load. ‘Working Load Limit = Py = 3 Tons = 6000 Ib; = 26.689 kN P=9KN =>P . = 2 ° = S731". we For USED Fug? 2EORD For S50L , HS ie (.2AG 0) con te Boys EM #22 Far’ t Fag Fags =~ (CEUTA) (.20482mR F602 D Losuned _ Cozy Fer Cwee * a NIF QUALITY STANDARDS PROGRAM LIST OF ACCEPTABLE BRANDS QSNunber 20025 Rev. _AT Ped of $8 QSRevew Date nie x] revion Dae _5/26/02 ‘Quancty of F381 Repons 2 DIF Caslog Number): GeupChtr_NS30S-__(See pages 2-4) NIFltem Desctipuon Screw, hexagon socket by de AQ/AS, Property Clas 70, stainless 1s0 4762. dca steel, standard (coarse) threads. dimensions per DIN 91 Mininam Reqtemens: 1) Per description. 2) See pages 2-5, 3) Manufacturer and grade markins shall appear on all screws with a diameter of MS and above, 4) Use only the approved Aistributors listed on the 3041/s (ter Infomation: A2 stainless steel ic similar to 304 alloy and AG is similar to 316 all Esubled by: F. Mahler Pion -3-6752 Due 5/26/01 Tsay Ste: _1._ Deparmew/Stndans Group: _NIF-CE “Techie Reo: NIB-cE Name nisi Prone Groep Due Reviewed by: Approvtty: F. Mahler 3-6752 NIP-CE. 5/26/03 Projet Mangement ‘Tee minutacregsyoaet se belo rte oly wound ceptable met mina eqifement Tet andor ‘hove sated deparmeadsandrs group at recoil on form NF 841 stache Pee put fs non reuse svi sna Mig Name ‘aad, Sees, Fre Ae by Date MIE841 Report Mose a a, Ne 1 Bossard BN 610,611,612,613F F. Mahler 9/3/98 A series Fabory USA Ltd _$1050,55050 Series _F. F. Mahler 9/1/98 2 nap eae | | | P= Kaown feign mano P= Pole ontgr mance -33- + tat OB8I0N DOCUMENT 6000801 AJ relented under CM on 29-MAY-2001 16:48:00 Ral. le: NIFEOOQ601_AJ.10016.doe:““* PEPC Spreader Bar Enzincering Safety Note ‘MESNOL-052-04 3.7 PIVOT PIN (AAA97-100278) 3.7.1 Shearing Stress due to Bolt Loading © See Figure 3.6 for an explanation of the worst case. Von Mises: 502 KN 862 KN .980 kN Fo, = Faour — Fg Fry, = 4.980 KN — 3.502 kN Fpy, =1.478 KN Fav, = Foy Fry, = 2.862 KN Fv = (Frog) + (Fr) 221 KN h=0,005 m his the diameter of the pin .038 m tis length of the pin, minus the diameter of the two through holes in it. h 3.221 KN, (0.038 m)(0.005 m) 1 =16.953 MPa -3e PEPC Spreader Bar EngineringSafoy Note MESNOI.(02.04 Appendix 4: Seismic Load Safety Factor Calculations The hazard category for this equipment is Category 1b, moderate or low hazard facility. This category was chosen for this lifting fixture because a failure could result in considerable onsite personnel impact, but little environmental impact. For this category, seismic accelerations are H=V=0.57 and the amplification factor is 2.12. V = (0.57)(2.12) = 1.21 This leads to a total seismic load of: P, .0 KN + (1.21)0(9.0 KN) 19.89 KN Since the fixture is mounted such that it is free to swing in the horizontal direction, the only critical seismic force is in the vertical direction. There is no risk of tipping with the spreader bar assembly. The calculations can be simplified by realizing that the change in load effects the results, of the static loading case in a strictly linear manner. So, all shearing and tensile stresses will simply be multiplied by the absolute seismic amplification factor (f,3) Sag = 221 4.1 SPREADER BAR (AAA99-109703) ‘© See attached Shear and Bending-Moment Diagrams for the spreader bar. Amplified values: nye = 83.273 MPa Oy = 275.79 MPa SF = Snr SF =3.312 AISC 1.16.5.2 =36- ‘PEPC Spreader Bar Engineering Safty Note MESNOL092.08 According to the AISC, “along the line of transmitted force, in the direction of the force, the distance from the center of a standard hole to the edge of the connected part must not be less than: —2P e 2(19890 N) (275.79 MPa) (0.01905 m) xise = 0.007572 m t base ome > base 4.1.7 Critical Buckling Load P’=15.474 KN As shown in 3.1.7 P, =19.89 KN Prog = ae 9.945 KN Pr SF=—— Pat SF = 1.556 4.2 CROSBY BEARING SWIVELS (N4030-17446 and N4030-17504) Calculate acceptability based on the Jaw and Eye swivel only because the Jaw and Jaw swivels have the same capacity and only carry half of the load. Working Load Limit = Py = 3 Tons = 6000 Iby = 26.689 kN P,=19.89 KN =P,

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