454 SAT Subject Test in Chemistry Some Useful Tables (@) ‘Standard Energies of Formation of Compounds at 1 atm and 298 K Gracnurl aa) renaienc er ee eel () Nc) Parl rT aC Re UL ce Aluminum oxide Al,0,(8) 378.2 ‘Ammonia NH,() -39 Barium sulfate BaSO,(s) 325.6 Calcium hydroxide Ca(OH),(6) 2148 Carbon dioxide CO,(@) 943 Carbon monoxide CO(a) 828 Copper(ti) sulfate CuSO,(s) 158.2 Ethane C,H,(9) 79 Ethene (ethylene) C,H,(a) _ 163 Ethyne (acetylene) C,H,(9) 50.0 Hydrogen fluoride HF(a) 653 Hydrogen iodide HI(g) 04 lodine chloride ICita) 13 Leaditl) oxide PbO(s) 45.0 Methane CH,(g) 24 Magnesium oxide MgO(s) 136.4 Nitrogeni({l) oxide NO(G) 207 Nitrogen(IV) oxide NO,(a) 123 Potassium chloride KC\(s) 97.8 ‘Sodium chloride NaCi(s) 918 Sulfur dioxide SO,(9) nT Water H,0(a) 546 Water H,0(1) 86.7 “Minus sign indicates an exothermic reaction. ‘Sample equations: Alls) + 4 0,(g) + Al,0,(s) + 400.5 kcal 2AK6) + 3.0,(9) + AL,0,() AH= ~400.5 kcalimo!Uuowjsod vow uoseinep uojoud voujneu. vuonerpes ewes (uonoaja) ajomsed Blog eromed eydie ® (WO'H = (62).H0 + (be)H (be)49 + (be), (SANT (02) 010 + (We.21g5, (FOIA (b2).19 + (be).eN gs, (SHOPN (be) FON + (be)."HN Se, (5)ON'HN (be).19 + (be)"HN, (SOHN (b2)-HO + (be).EN gs, (SHON (be)“ON + (be) 4g, (SON Wo'Hs + 6/'008~ GOS + WH" (800 + (60 +(6100 WorHs + (6)'009 « (6)'09 + (8)"0" HO (ote + oo « (60% + HO'HO Wothe + (6)’008 < (6)'0s + (8)"H'o. WorHe + (6)"00 < (6)'02 + (6)"HO Penecet | > 862 pue wje | Je UONOROY JO S}eoH gop sexipusddySAT Subject Test in Chemistry Another simple way of predicting single replacement reactions is to check:the rel- ative positions of the two elements in the activity series below. Ifthe element that is to replace the other in the compound is higher on the chart, the reaction will occur.’ “fit is below, there will be no reaction.” Some simple examples of this are the following reactions. In predicting the replacement of hydrogen by zinc in hydrochloric acid, reference to the activity series shows that zinc will replace hydrogen. This reaction would occur: Za(s) + 2HCl(aq) > ZnCl,(aq) + H,(@) In fact, most metals in the activity series would replace hydrogen in an acid solu- tion, Ifa metal such as copper were chosen, no reaction would occur. Cu(s) + HCI(aq) > no reaction ‘The determination of these replacements using a quantative method is covered in ‘Chapter 12. ity Series of Common Elements acdc Pern es eal Renu