Ecuaciones Diferenciales Ordinarias

de Orden Superior
Cristina Morales A.
NRC: 1790

ara resolver ecuaciones diferenciables de orden superior se pueden utilizar diferentes

reemplazos seg
un sea la necesidad y el orden de la funci
on, existiendo as diferentes
m
etodos a utilizarse.

Deducci
on
dy
dx
d2 y
dx2

=
=
=

p
dp dy

dy dx
p0y p


d3 y
dx3

dp
dx

dp
dy

dy
+
dy

dp
dy
dx


p

dy
dy

= pp0 + p2 p00 )
Reduzca el orden de las siguientes ecuaciones difereciales. Resuelva si son de primer orden:
Ejercicio 0.1.
2

yy 0 y 000 + 2y 0 y 00 = 3yy 00
Reemplazos

s = yy 0
y0
y

00

y 000

= p
= pp0
2

= p(p0 + pp00 )

Soluci
on
s
2
pp(p0 + pp00 ) + 2p2 pp0
p
spp00 + 2p2 p0 = 3sp0 sp0

spp00 + 2p2 p0 = 2sp0

s
2
3 (p2 p0 )
p

Page 1 of 27

Ejercicio 0.2.
2

y 2 (y 0 y 000 2y 00 ) = 1
Reemplazos

s = y2
y0
y

= p

00

= pp0
2

y 000

= p(p0 + pp00 )

Soluci
on
2

02

s(p2 (p0 + pp00 ) 2p2 p0 )

00

sp (pp p )
Ejercicio 0.3.
2

(yy 000 3y 00 )y = y 0

Reemplazos

s = y
y0
y

= p

00

= pp0
2

y 000

= p(p0 + pp00 )

Soluci
on
2

(sp(p0 + pp00 ) 3p2 p0 )s = p5

2

sp(s(pp00 + p0 ) 3pp0 )

= p5

Ejercicio 0.4.
2

yy 0 + y 00 + y 000 = 0
Reemplazos

s = y
y0
y

00

y 000

= p
= pp0
2

= p(p0 + pp00 )

Soluci
on
3

03

02

00 4

sp2 + pp0 + p4 (p0 + pp00 )

s + pp + p2 (p + pp )

Page 2 of 27

Ejercicio 0.5.
2

xy 0

00
y 00
= ey
0
y

Reemplazos

y0

y 00

p0

Soluci
on
2

xp

p0
p

= ep

= pep

xp2 p0

pep + p0
p2

Reduzca el orden de las siguientes ecuaciones diferenciables homogeneas y homogeneas generalizadas.

Solucione la ecuaci
on de primer orden obtenida.
Ejercicio 0.6.
2

yy 00 y 0

yy 0
=0
1 + x2

Soluci
on
(z 0 + z 2 ) z 2

z
1 + x2

dz
z

cz

Z
c

0
dx
1 + x2
p
(x + (1 + x2 ))

Z
zdx =

Z
zdx =
y

(x +

(1 + x2 ))dx

p
p
1
C1 (x2 + x 1 + x2 + ln|x + 1 + x2 |) + C2
2
R

zdx

C1

1 2 2

(x +x 1+x +ln|x+ 1+x2 |)

2
eC2

eC3 x(x+

1+x2 )

(x +


1 + x2 ) C4

Page 3 of 27

(%i20)
wxdraw2d(color=magenta,implicit(y=(x+sqrt(1+x^2))*(%e^(x*(x+sqrt(1+x^2)))),x,-3,1,y,-4,4),
color=green,implicit(y=-(x+sqrt(1+x^2))^2*(%e^(2*x*(x+sqrt(1+x^2)))),x,-3,1,y,-4,4),
color=dark-cyan,implicit(y=3*(x+sqrt(1+x^2))^3*(%e^(3*x*(x+sqrt(1+x^2)))),x,-3,1,y,-4,4),
grid=true);

(%t20)
Rojo, verde, azul
C4 = 1, 1, 3
C3 = 1, 2, 3
Ejercicio 0.7.
2

yy 00 y 0

xyy 0
=0
1 + x2

Soluci
on
(z 0 + z 2 ) z 2

xz
1 + x2
Z
dz
z
z

=
=
=

0
 Z
1
2xdx
2
1 + x2
p
C1 1 + x2

Z p

(1 + x2 )dx

zdx =

C1

zdx =

p
1 p
C1 (x 1 + x2 + ln|x + 1 + x2 |) + C2
2

zdx

= e

= eC3 (x


y

1+x2 +ln|x+ 1+x2 |)

C3 x 1+x2

eC2

C3 
p
2
(x + 1 + x )
C4


Page 4 of 27

(%i22)
wxdraw2d(color=magenta,implicit(y=(x+sqrt(1+x^2))*(%e^(x*(sqrt(1+x^2)))),x,-2,1,y,-4,4),
color=green,implicit(y=-(x+sqrt(1+x^2))^2*(%e^(2*x*(sqrt(1+x^2)))),x,-2,1,y,-4,4),
color=dark-cyan,implicit(y=3*(x+sqrt(1+x^2))^3*(%e^(3*x*(sqrt(1+x^2)))),x,-2,1,y,-4,4),
grid=true);

(%t22)
Rojo, verde, azul
C4 = 1, 1, 3
C3 = 1, 2, 3
Ejercicio 0.8.
2

x2 yy 00 (y xy 0 ) = 0
Soluci
on
x2 (z 0 + z 2 ) (1 xz)2

2
z
x

1
x2

z0 +

z
Z
zdx

1
(x + C1 )
x2
Z
1
=
(x + C1 )dx
x2
=

Z
zdx = ln|x|
y

= C4 xe

C1
+ C2
x

C3
x

Page 5 of 27

(%i24)
wxdraw2d(color=magenta,implicit(y=x*%e^(1/x),x,-10,10,y,-10,10),
color=green,implicit(y=-x*%e^(2/x),x,-10,10,y,-10,10),
color=dark-cyan,implicit(y=3*x*%e^(3/x),x,-10,10,y,-10,10),grid=true);

(%t24)
Rojo, verde, azul
C4 = 1, 1, 3
C3 = 1, 2, 3
Ejercicio 0.9.
xyy 00 y 0 (y + xy 0 ) = 0
Soluci
on
x(z 0 + z 2 ) z(1 + xz)

z0
z

1
x

= C1 x

Z
zdx

= C1

zdx

xdx

C1 2
x + C2
2
C1
2

= eC2 +

= C4 eC3 x

x2

Page 6 of 27

(%i27)
wxdraw2d(color=magenta,implicit(y=%e^(x^2),x,-5,5,y,-5,5),
color=green,implicit(y=-%e^(2*x^2),x,-5,5,y,-5,5),
color=dark-cyan,implicit(y=3*%e^(3*x^2),x,-5,5,y,-5,5),grid=true);

(%t27)
Rojo, verde, azul
C4 = 1, 1, 3
C3 = 1, 2, 3
Ejercicio 0.10.
2

x2 yy 00 (y + xy 0 ) = 0
Soluci
on
2

x2 (z 0 + z 2 ) (1 + xz)
z0

2
z
x

1
x2

Z
zdx =
Z
zdx =



1
x2 3 + C1
3x

Z 
1

+ C1 x2 dx
3x
1
1
ln|x| + x3 + C2
3
3

1
1
ln|x|+ x3 +C2
3
3
e

C3 x 3 eC4 x

Page 7 of 27

(%i32)
wxdraw2d(color=magenta,implicit(y=x^(-1/3)*%e^(x^3),x,-2,2,y,-10,10),
color=green,implicit(y=-x^(-1/3)*%e^(2*x^3),x,-2,2,y,-10,10),
color=dark-cyan,implicit(y=3*x^(-1/3)*%e^(3*x^3),x,-2,2,y,-10,10),grid=true);

(%t32)
Rojo, verde, azul
C4 = 1, 1, 3
C3 = 1, 2, 3
Ejercicio 0.11.
2

xyy 00 xy 0 + yy 0 = 0
Soluci
on
x(z 0 + z 2 ) xz 2 + z
z0
z
z

=
=

Z
zdx =

1
x

C1
x
Z

C1
x

Z
zdx = C1 ln|C2 x|
(C2 x)C1

= C3 xC1

Page 8 of 27

(%i33)
wxdraw2d(color=magenta,implicit(y=x^(1),x,-2,2,y,-10,10),
color=green,implicit(y=-x^(2),x,-2,2,y,-10,10),
color=dark-cyan,implicit(y=3*x^3,x,-2,2,y,-10,10),grid=true);

(%t33)
Rojo, verde, azul
C4 = 1, 1, 3
C3 = 1, 2, 3
Ejercicio 0.12.
2

x2 (yy 00 y 0 ) + xyy 0 y

(y 2 + x2 y 0 2 ) = 0

Soluci
on
x2 (z 0 + z 2 z 2 ) + xz

p
1 + x2 z 2

x2 z 0 + xz

p
1 + x2 z 2

u = xz

(2)

u0

(3)

2,
xu0 x

(1)

= z + xz 0
3

en

p
u
+ u 1 + u2
x

du
1 + u2

dx
x

(4)

Page 9 of 27

ln|u +

u+
xz +

1 + u2 | =

p
1 + u2

1 + x2 z 2
z

xC1

xC1

1
2

Z
zdx =
Z
zdx =

ln|x|

(5)


1
C1 2
x C1

Z 
1
1
C1 2
dx
2
x C1


1
1
C1 x +
+ C2
2
xC1
1
2
e

1
xC1 C3
!

C1 x+

(6)

(%i3)
wxdraw2d(color=magenta,implicit(y=1*%e^(x/2+1/(2*x)),x,-5,5,y,-4,4),
color=green,implicit(y=2*%e^(-x/2-1/(2*x)),x,-5,5,y,-4,4),
color=dark-cyan,implicit(y=3*%e^(3*x/2+1/(2*x*3)),x,-5,5,y,-4,4),grid=true);

(%t3)
Rojo, verde, azul
C1 = 1, 1, 3
C3 = 1, 2, 3
Ejercicio 0.13.
2

x2 (yy 0 y 0 ) + xyy 0 y

(y 2 + xy 0 2 ) = 0

Page 10 of 27

Soluci
on
x2 (z 0 + z 2 z 2 ) + xz +

1 + x2 z 2

x2 z 0 + xz +

1 + x2 z 2

u = xz

(8)

u0

(9)

7,
xu0 x

ln|u +

u+
xz +

du
1 + u2

en

dx
x

1 + u2 | = ln|x|

= z + xz 0
8

p
u
+ u + 1 + u2
x

(7)

1 + u2

C1
x

C1
x


1 C1
1
z =

2 x2
C1

Z 
Z
1
C1
1

zdx =
dx
2
x2
C1


Z
x
1 C1
+
zdx =
+ C2
2 x
C1

1 + x2 z 2

= e

(10)

1 C1 x

+
2 x C1

C3

(11)

(%i4)
wxdraw2d(color=magenta,implicit(y=1*%e^((-1/2)*(1/x+x)),x,-5,5,y,-4,4),
color=green,implicit(y=2*%e^((-1/2)*(-1/x-x)),x,-5,5,y,-4,4),
color=dark-cyan,implicit(y=3*%e^((-1/2)*(3/x+x/3)),x,-5,5,y,-4,4),grid=true);

Page 11 of 27

(%t4)
Rojo, verde, azul
C1 = 1, 1, 3
C3 = 1, 2, 3
Ejercicio 0.14.
2

y 2 y 000 3yy 0 y 00 + 2y 0 3y 2 y 00 + 3yy 0 + 2y 2 y 0 xy 3 = 0

Soluci
on
y

y0

y 00

z0 + z2

y 000

z 00 + 3z 0 z + z 3

z 00 + 3zz 0 + z 3 3zz 0 3z 3 + 2z 3 3z 0 3z 2 + 2z x =

(12)

z 00 3z 0 + 2z x =

(13)

(14)

r1

(15)

r2

(16)

zh

C1 e2x + C2 ex

(17)

r2 3r + 2
donde :

(18)

Page 12 of 27

sol.

particular

ax + b
zp

= ax + b

zp0
zp00

= a
=

0 3a + 2ax + 2b =

b =
zp

1
2
3
4
x 3
+
2 4

(19)

Entonces :
z

= C1 e2x + C2 ex +

Z
zdx =
y

(%i10)

x 3
+
2 4

x2
3x
C1 e2x
+ C2 ex +
+
+ C3
2
4
4
C4 e

C1 e2x
2

+C2 ex + x4 + 3x
4

(20)

(%t10)

wxdraw2d(color=magenta,implicit(y=%e^((%e^(2*x))/2+1*%e^x+x^2/4+3*x/4),x,-5,5,y,-4,4),
color=green,implicit(y=-1*%e^((%e^(2*x))/2+2*%e^x+x^2/4+3*x/4),x,-5,5,y,-4,4),
color=dark-cyan,implicit(y=3*%e^((%e^(2*x))/2+3*%e^x+x^2/4+3*x/4),x,-5,5,y,-4,4),
grid=true);
Rojo, verde, azul
C4 = 1, 1, 3
C3 = 1, 2, 3

Page 13 of 27

Reducir el orden de la siguiente ecuacion diferencial por el metodo de exclusiones sucesivas de derivadas
de alto orden. Escoja un factor integrante de ser necesario.
Ejercicio 0.15.
(1 + x2 )y 00 + x(1 + x2 )y 0 + (1 x2 )y = 0
Soluci
on
y 00 +

1 x2
x
y0 +
y
2
1+x
1 + x2 2

0y0 = 1

(21)

y 0 = y 0

(22)

(x, y, y 0 ) = y 0 + 1 (x, y)

(23)

y 00 +
y 00 +

1 x2
x
y0 +
y
2
1+x
1 + x2 2
x
1 x2
0
y
+
y
1 + x2
1 + x2 2
x
0y =
1 + x2
y =

1 (x, y) =

d(y 0 + 1 (x, y))

dx

= y 00 + 01x + 01y y 0
(24)

x
y
1 + x2

(25)

x
y + 1 (x)
1 + x2

1 x2
x
y
y0 +
2
1+x
1 + x2 2

y0 +

d(
=

x
y + 2 (x))
1 + x2
dx

02x = 0

(26)

2x = C1

(27)

x
y + C1
1 + x2

(28)
(29)

Resuelva las siguientes ecuaciones.

Ejercicio 0.16.
2

xy 000 + (3 x2 y 00 )y 00 2xy 0 y 00 4y 0 = 0

Page 14 of 27

Soluci
on
(xy 000 + 3y 00 ) (xy 00 + 2y 0 )2

xy 00 + 2y 0

z0

xy 000 + 3y 0

z0 z2

dz
z2

dx

1
z

x + C1

1
x + C1

xy 00 + 2y 0

1
x + C1

(32)

xy 0 + y

(33)

p0

xy 00 + 2y 00

p0

1
+ C2
x

ln |x + C1 | + C2

xy 0 + y
y0 +

(31)

= ln |C2 (x + C1 )|

1
y
x

u =

(30)

(34)

(35)

ln |C2 (x + C1 )|
x
Z
dx

x
e

1
x
Z
ln |

1
|dx
C2 (x + C1 )

Page 15 of 27

u =

x ln |C2 (x + C1 )| + x C1 ln |x + C1 | + C3

1
(x ln |C2 (x + C1 )| + x C1 ln |x + C1 | + C3 )
x

= ln |C2 (x + C1 )|

C1
C3
ln |x + C1 | +
+1
x
x



C3
C1
1+
ln |C2 (x + C1 )| + 1
x
x

(%i1)
wxdraw2d(color=magenta,implicit(y=1/x-(1-1/x)*log((x-1))+1,x,-5,5,y,-4,4),
color=green,implicit(y=-1/x-(1-2/x)*log(2*(x-2))+1,x,-5,5,y,-4,4),
color=dark-cyan,implicit(y=1/x-(1-3/x)*log(3*(x-3))+1,x,-5,5,y,-4,4),grid=true);

(%t1)
Rojo, verde, azul
C3 = 1, 1, 1
C2 = 1, 2, 3
C1 = 1, 2, 3
Ejercicio 0.17.
2

xyy 00 2xy 0 yy 0 x3 y 2 = 0

Page 16 of 27

Soluci
on
x(z 0 + z 2 ) 2xz 2 z x3

xz 0 xz 2 z x3

ux

(36)

z0

u0 x + u

(37)

x(u0 x + u) x3 u2 ux x3

u0 u2 x x =

du
u2 + 1

arctan(u)

z
x

Z
zdx =
Z
zdx =

xdx
x2
+ C1
2
 2

x
tan
+ C1
2
 2

Z
x
+ C1 dx
x tan
2
x2
+ C1 | + C2
2
 2

x
sec
+ C1 C3
2

(38)

ln|cos

(39)

(%i5)
wxdraw2d(color=magenta,implicit(y=1*sec(x^2/2+1),x,-5,5,y,-4,4),
color=green,implicit(y=-1*sec(x^2/2+2),x,-5,5,y,-4,4),
color=dark-cyan,implicit(y=3*sec(x^2/2+3),x,-5,5,y,-4,4),grid=true);

Page 17 of 27

(%t5)
Rojo, verde, azul
C3 = 1, 1, 3
C1 = 1, 2, 3
Ejercicio 0.18.
2

x2 (2yy 00 y 0 ) + 2xyy 0 = 1
Soluci
on
x2 (2z 0 + 2z 2 z 2 ) + 2xz

2xz 0 + xz 2 + 2z

1
x

u =

zx

u0

z0x + z

(40)

(41)

2x

u0 z
x


+

u2
u
+2
x
x

1
x

2u0

1 u2

x
x

2du
1 u2

dx
x

ln|

1+u
| = ln|xC1 |
1u
1+u
1u

= xC1
(42)

Page 18 of 27

1 + zx = x(1 zx)C1
x1
C1
x(x + 1)

Z
Z 
1
1

dx
zdx = C1
x + 1 x(x + 1)
Z
zdx = C1 (2ln|x + 1| ln|x|) + C2
z

= C3

C4

= C5

(x + 1)
x

(x + 1)
x

(43)

(%i6)
wxdraw2d(color=magenta,implicit(y=1*(x+1)^2/x,x,-5,1,y,-4,4),
color=green,implicit(y=-1*(x+1)^2/x,x,-5,1,y,-4,4),
color=dark-cyan,implicit(y=3*(x+1)^2/x,x,-5,1,y,-4,4),grid=true);

(%t6)
Rojo, verde, azul
C5 = 1, 1, 3
Resuelva los siguientes problemas de valor inicial.
Ejercicio 0.19.
yy 000 + 3y 0 y 00 = 0,

y = 1,

y 0 = 0,

y 00 = 0

at

x=1

Page 19 of 27

Soluci
on
2

(p)(pp0 + p0 ) + 3ppp0

(44)

3z
y

(45)

1
z

(46)

w0

z0
z2

3
w0 w
y

z 0 + 2z 2 +

(47)

3
dy
y = y3

1
z

zdy

zdy

zdy

1
lny + |C1 y 2 + 1| + C2
2

ydy
p
C1 y 2 + 1

C3 dx

y + C1 y 3

(48)

dy
y(1 + C1 y 2 )

Z 
1
y
+ 2
dy
y
y +1

s
y

Sist

1
2
dy = 2 + C1
3
y
y

con

sol.

(49)
2

(C3 x + C4 ) 1
C1

(50)

particulares

C1

C3

C4

Page 20 of 27

Ejercicio 0.20.
xy 000 + (x 1)y 00 = 0,

y 0 = 0,

y = 0,

y 00 = 0

at

x=0

Soluci
on

p0 +

Sistema

(%i6)

y 00

(51)

y 000

p0

(52)

x1
p
x

C1 xex

y 00

C1 xex

(53)

C1 ex (x + 2)(C2 x + C3 )

(54)

2C1 + C3

con

sol.

particulares

C1

C2

C1 (e x(x + 2 + x 2)

C1 (ex (x + 2) + x 2)

(55)

(%t6)

wxdraw2d(color=magenta,implicit(y=(%e^-x)*(x+2)+x-2,x,-5,5,y,-4,4),
color=green,implicit(y=-(%e^-x)*(x+2)+x-2,x,-5,5,y,-4,4),
color=dark-cyan,implicit(y=3*((%e^-x)*(x+2)+x-2),x,-5,5,y,-4,4),grid=true);

Page 21 of 27

Rojo, verde, azul

C1 = 1, 1, 3
Ejercicio 0.21.
y(y 00 2x) 2y(y 0 x2 ) = 0,

y = 1,

y 0 = 1,

at

x=1

Soluci
on
y(p0 2x) 2y(p x2 )

p0 2p

2x 2x2

x2 + C1 e2 x

(56)

y0

x2 + C1 e2 x

(57)

x3
+ C2 e2 2x + C3
3

sol.

particulares

Sistema

con

C1 = 0

(%i7)

C2

C3 =

x3
2
+
3
3

2
3
(58)

(%t7)

wxdraw2d(color=magenta,implicit(y=(x^3)/3+(2/3),x,-5,5,y,-4,4),grid=true);
Reduzca el orden de las siguientes ecuaciones diferenciables lineales usando las soluciones particulares.
Resuelva obteniendo ecuaciones de primer orden.
Ejercicio 0.22.
(1 + ex )y 00 2y 0 ex y = 0,

y1 = ex 1

Page 22 of 27

Soluci
on
y 00

2
ex
0
y

y
1 + e2
1 + ex

u =

u =

ex

(59)

1
1 + e2 2

u =

C1 e2x
1 + ex 2

e2x

Z
udx =
y

(%i9)

2
dx
e 1 + ex

(60)

C1 dv
2

2(v 1)

x
(e 1)

C3
+ C2
e2x 1


(61)

(%t9)

wxdraw2d(color=magenta,implicit(y=(%e^x-1)*((1/(%e^(2*x)-1))+1),x,-5,5,y,-4,4),
color=green,implicit(y=(%e^x-1)*((-1/(%e^(2*x)-1))+2),x,-5,5,y,-4,4),
color=dark-cyan,implicit(y=(%e^x-1)*((3/(%e^(2*x)-1))+3),x,-5,5,y,-4,4),grid=true);
Rojo, verde, azul
C3 = 1, 1, 3
C2 = 1, 2, 3
Ejercicio 0.23.
xy 000 y 00 xy 0 + y = 0,

y1 = ex ,

y2 = x

Page 23 of 27

Soluci
on
Z
y
y

y1

zdx

(62)

e (z +

zdx)
0

00

e (2z + z +

y 000

ex (3z + 3z 0 + z 00 +

x(3z + 3z 0 + z 00 +

zdx) (2z + z 0 +

zdx)
Z
zdx)

Z
zdx) x(z +

xz 00 + (3x 1)z 0 + 2z(x 1)

Z
zdx) +

zdx = 0

(63)

= 2

(64)

= e2x v

(65)

z0

= e2x (v 0 2v)

z 00

= e2x (v 00 4v 0 + 4v)

(63)
x(v 00 4v 0 + 4v) + (3x 1)(v 0 2v) + 2(x 1)v

xv 00 (x + 1)v 0

v0

= p

v 00

= p0

p0

= ex+ln x+C1

v0

= C1 xex

= C1 ex (x 1) + C2

x+1
p
x

(66)

(67)

(68)

(69)

Page 24 of 27

(%i18)

= e2x (C1 (xex ex ) + C2 )

= C1 ex (x 1) + C2 e2x

= ex

= C1 x + C2 ex + C3 ex

(70)

(C1 ex (x 1) + C2 e2x )dx

(%t18)

wxdraw2d(color=magenta,implicit(y=x+%e^-x+%e^x,x,-5,5,y,-4,4),
color=green,implicit(y=-x+2*%e^-x-3*%e^x,x,-5,5,y,-4,4),
color=dark-cyan,implicit(y=x-%e^-x-%e^x,x,-5,5,y,-4,4),grid=true);
Rojo, verde, azul
C1 = 1, 1, 1
C2 = 1, 2, 1
C3 = 1, 3, 1
Ejercicio 0.24.
x2 (2x 1)y 000 + (4x 3)xy 00 2xy 0 + 2y = 0,

y1 = x,

y2 =

1
x

Soluci
on
Z
y
y

= x

zdx
Z

= xz +

zdx

Page 25 of 27

y 00

2z + xz 0

y 000

3z 0 + xz 00

x3 (2x 1)z 00 + x2 (10x 6)z 0 + 6x(x 1)z

(71)

(2x4 x3 )z 00 + (10x3 6x2 )z 0 + (6x2 6x)z

d
(x, z, z 0 )
dx

(72)

0z0

2x4 x3

(x, z, z 0 )

(2x4 x3 )z 0 + 2 (x, z)

(73)

(2x3 3x2 )z 0 + (6x2 6x)z

d
2 (x, z)
dx

(74)

2 z 0

(2x3 3x2 )

2 (x, z)

(2x3 3x2 )z + 3 (x)

3 (x)

= k1

(76)
(2x4 x3 )z 0 + (2x3 3x2 )z
z0 +

2x 3
z
x(2x 1)

= k1
=

k1
3
x (2x
R

1)

(75)

2x3
dx
x(2x1)

= e

= e(3 ln |x|+2 ln |2x1|)

(2x 1)2
x3
Z
k1
dx
u =
(2x 1)3
v

u =

k1
+ k2
4(2x 1)2

(2x 1)2
k1
(
+ k2 )
x3
4(2x 1)2

(76)

Page 26 of 27

(%i19)

k1 k2 (2x 1)2
+)
x3
x3

= x

= x(

= C1 x1 + C2 (x ln |x| + 1) + C3 x

(77)

k1
4
1
+ k2 (4 ln |x| + 2 ) + k3 )
2
2x
x 2x

k1
k2
+ 4k2 x ln |x| + 4k2
+ k3 x)
2x
2x

(%t19)

wxdraw2d(color=magenta,implicit(y=x^-1+(x*log(x)+1)+x,x,-5,5,y,-4,4),
color=green,implicit(y=-x^-1+2*(x*log(x)+1)-x,x,-5,5,y,-4,4),
color=dark-cyan,implicit(y=x^-1-(x*log(x)+1)+x,x,-5,5,y,-4,4),grid=true);
Rojo, verde, azul
C1 = 1, 1, 1
C2 = 1, 2, 1
C3 = 1, 1, 1

References

[1] ECUACIONES DIFERENCIALES ORDINARIAS Y CALCULO

DE VARIACIONES, M.V.Makarets,
V.Yu. Reshetnyak

Page 27 of 27