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IslamicHistory(Chronology)
6thCentury(500599)C.E.
545:
571:
577:
580:
583:
586:
591:
594:
595:

BirthofAbdullah,theHolyProphet'sfather.
BirthoftheHolyProphet.YearoftheElephant.InvasionofMakkahbyAbrahatheViceroyof
Yemen,hisretreat.
TheHolyProphetvisitsMadinawithhismother.Deathofhismother.
DeathofAbdulMuttalib,thegrandfatheroftheHolyProphet.
TheHolyProphet'sjourneytoSyriainthecompanyofhisuncleAbuTalib.Hismeetingwith
themonkBahiraatBisrawhoforetellsofhisprophethood.
TheHolyProphetparticipatesinthewarofFijar.
TheHolyProphetbecomesanactivememberof"HilfulFudul",aleagueforthereliefofthe
distressed.
TheHolyProphetbecomestheManagerofthebusinessofLadyKhadija,andleadshertrade
caravantoSyriaandback.
TheHolyProphetmarriesHadratKhadija.Seventhcentury

7thCentury(600699)C.E.
605:
610:
613:
614:
615:
616:
617:

TheHolyProphetarbitratesinadisputeamongtheQuraishabouttheplacingoftheBlack
StoneintheKaaba.
ThefirstrevelationinthecaveatMt.Hira.TheHolyProphetiscommissionedasthe
MessengerofGod.
DeclarationatMt.SarainvitingthegeneralpublictoIslam.
InvitationtotheHashimitestoacceptIslam.
PersecutionoftheMuslimsbytheQuraish.ApartyofMuslimsleavesforAbyssinia.
SecondHijrahtoAbysinnia.
SocialboycottoftheHashimitesandtheHolyProphetbytheQuraish.TheHashimitesareshut
upinaglenoutsideMakkah.

619:
620:
621:

Liftingoftheboycott.DeathsofAbuTalibandHadratKhadija.Yearofsorrow.
JourneytoTaif.Ascensiontotheheavens.
FirstpledgeatAqaba.

622:
623:
624:

SecondpledgeatAqaba.TheHolyProphetandtheMuslimsmigratetoYathrib.
Nakhlaexpedition.
BattleofBadr.ExpulsionoftheBaniQainuqaJewsfromMadina.

625:
626:

BattleofUhud.Massacreof70MuslimsatBirMauna.ExpulsionofBanuNadirJewsfrom
Madina.SecondexpeditionofBadr.
ExpeditionofBanuMustaliq.

627:

BattleoftheTrench.ExpulsionofBanuQuraizaJews.

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628:
629:
630:
631:
632:
632:

633:
634:

IslamicHistory(Chronology)

TruceofHudaibiya.ExpeditiontoKhyber.TheHolyProphetaddressesletterstovariousheads
ofstates.
TheHolyProphetperformsthepilgrimageatMakkah.ExpeditiontoMuta(Romans).
ConquestofMakkah.BattlesofHunsin,Auras,andTaif.
ExpeditiontoTabuk.YearofDeputations.
FarewellpilgrimageatMakkah.
DeathoftheHolyProphet.ElectionofHadratAbuBakrastheCaliph.Usamahleads
expeditiontoSyria.BattlesofZuQissaandAbraq.BattlesofBuzakha,ZafarandNaqra.
CampaignsagainstBaniTamimandMusailima,theLiar.
CampaignsinBahrain,Oman,MahrahYemen,andHadramaut.RaidsinIraq.Battlesof
Kazima,Mazar,Walaja,Ulleis,Hirah,Anbar,Einattamr,DaumatulJandalandFiraz.

635:
636:
637:

BattlesofBasra,DamascusandAjnadin.DeathofHadratAbuBakr.HadratUmarFarooq
becomestheCaliph.BattlesofNamaraqandSaqatia.
BattleofBridge.BattleofBuwaib.ConquestofDamascus.BattleofFahl.
BattleofYermuk.BattleofQadsiyia.ConquestofMadain.
ConquestofSyria.FallofJerusalem.BattleofJalula.

638:

ConquestofJazirah.

639:
640:
641:

ConquestofKhuizistan.AdvanceintoEgypt.
CaptureofthepostofCaesariainSyria.ConquestofShustarandJandeSaburinPersia.Battle
ofBabyloninEgypt.
BattleofNihawand.ConquestOfAlexandriainEgypt.

642:

BattleofRayyinPersia.ConquestofEgypt.FoundationofFustat.

643:
644:
645:

ConquestofAzarbaijanandTabaristan(Russia).
ConquestofFars,Kerman,Sistan,MekranandKharan.MartyrdomofHadratUmar.Hadrat
OthmanbecomestheCaliph.
CampaignsinFats.

646:

CampaignsinKhurasan,ArmeainandAsiaMinor.

647:
648:

CampaignsinNorthAfrica.ConquestoftheislandofCypress.
CampaignsagainsttheByzantines.

651:

NavalbattleoftheMastsagainsttheByzantines.

652:
656:

DiscontentmentanddisaffectionagainsttheruleofHadratOthman.
MartyrdomofHadratOthman.HadratAlibecomestheCaliph.BattleoftheCamel.

657:

HadratAlishiftsthecapitalfromMadinatoKufa.BattleofSiffin.Arbitrationproceedingsat
DaumautulJandal.
BattleofNahrawan.

658:
659:
660:

ConquestofEgyptbyMu'awiyah.
HadratAlirecapturesHijazandYemenfromMu'awiyah.Mu'awiyahdeclareshimselfasthe
CaliphatDamascus.

661:

MartyrdomofHadratAli.AccessionofHadratHasanandhisabdication.Mu'awiyahbecomes
thesoleCaliph.

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662:
666:
670:

IslamicHistory(Chronology)

672:

Khawarijrevolts.
RaidofSicily.
AdvanceinNorthAfrica.UqbabNafefoundsthetownofQairowaninTunisia.Conquestof
Kabul.
CaptureoftheislandofRhodes.CampaignsinKhurasan.

674:

TheMuslimscrosstheOxus.Bukharabecomesavassalstate.

677:
680:

OccupationofSarnarkandandTirmiz.SiegeofConstantinople.
DeathofMuawiyah.AccessionofYazid.TragedyofKerbalaandmartyrdomofHadrat
Hussain.

682:

InNorthAfricaUqbabNafemarchestotheAtlantic,isambushedandkilledatBiskra.The
MuslimsevacuateQairowanandwithdrawtoBurqa.

683:
684:

DeathofYazid.AccessionofMu'awiyahII.
AbdullahbZubairdeclareshimselfaStheCaliphat'Makkah.MarwanIbecomestheCaliph'at
Damascus.BattleofMarjRahat.

685:
686:

DeathofMarwanI.AbdulMalikbecomestheCaliphatDamascus.BattleofAinulWada.
MukhtardeclareshimselfastheCaliphatKufa.

687:
691:

BattleofKufabetweentheforcesofMukhtarandAbdullahbZubair.Mukhtarkilled.
BattleofDeirulJaliq.KufafallstoAbdulMalik.

692:

ThefallofMakkah.DeathofAbdullahbZubair.AbdulMalikbecomesthesoleCaliph.

695:

KhawarijrevoltsinJaziraandAhwaz.BattleoftheKarun.CampaignsagainstKahinainNorth
Africa.The'MuslimsonceagainwithdrawtoBarqa.TheMuslimsadvanceinTransoxianaand
occupyKish.

8thCentury(700799)C.E.
700:
702:

CampaignsagainsttheBerbersinNorthAfrica.
Ashath'srebellioninIraq,battleofDeirulJamira.

705:

DeathofAbdulMalik.AccessionofWalidIasCaliph.

711:
712:

ConquestofSpain,SindandTransoxiana.
TheMuslimsadvanceinSpain,SindandTransoxiana.

713:

ConquestofMultan.

715:

DeathofWalidI.AccessionofSulaiman.

716:
717:
720:

InvasionofConstantinople.
DeathofSulaiman.AccessionofUmarbAbdulAziz.
DeathofUmarbAbdulAziz.AccessionofYazidII.

724:
725:
732:

DeathofYazidII.AccessionofHisham.
TheMuslimsoccupyNimesinFrance.
ThebattleofToursinFrance.

737:
740:

TheMuslimsmeetreverseatAvignoninFrance.
ShiarevoltunderZaidbAli.BerberrevoltinNorthAfrica.BattleoftheNobles.

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741:
742:
743:
744:

BattleofBagdourainNorthAfrica.
TheMuslimrulerestoredinQiarowan.
DeathofHisham.AccessionofWalidII.ShiarevoltinKhurasanunderYahyabZaid.
DepositionofWalidI1.AccessionofYazidII1andhisdeath.AccessionofIbrahimandhis
overthrow.BattleofAinalJurr.AccessionofMarwanII.

745:
746:
747:

KufaandMosuloccupiedbytheKhawarjites.
BattleofRuparThutha,KufaandMosuloccupiedbyMarwanII.
RevoltofAbuMusliminKhurasan.

748:
749:
750:
751:

BattleofRayy.
BattlesoflsfahanandNihawand.CaptureofKufabytheAbbasids.AsSaffahbecomesthe
AbbasidCaliphatKufa.
BattleofZab.FallofDamascus.EndoftheUmayyads.
ConquestofWasitbytheAbbasid.MurderoftheMinisterAbuSalama.

754:
755:
756:

DeathofAsSaffah.AccessionofMansurastheCaliph.
RevoltofAbdullahbAli.MurderofAbuMuslim.SunbadhrevoltinKhurasan.
AbdulRahmanfoundstheUmayyadstateinSpain.

762:
763:
767:

ShiarevoltunderMuhammad(NafsuzZakia)andIbrahim.
FoundationofBaghdad.DefeatoftheAbbasidsinSpain.
KharijistatesetupbyIbnMadraratSijilmasa.UstadSeesrevoltinKhurasan.

772:
775:
777:

BattleofJanbiinNorthAfrica.Rustamid.statesetupinMorocco.
DeathortheAbbasidCaliphMansur,AccessionofMahdi,
BattleofSaragossainSpain.

785:
786:
788:
792:

DeathoftheCaliphMahdi.AccessionofHadi.
DeathofHadi.AccessionofHarunurRashid.
IdrisidstatesetupintheMaghrib.DeathofAbdulRahmanofSpain,andaccessionofHisham.
InvasionofSouthFrance.

796:
799:

DeathofHishaminSpainaccessionofalHakam.
SuppressionoftherevoltoftheKhazars.Ninthcentury.

9thCentury(800899)C.E.
800:
803:

TheAghlabidruleisestablishedinNorthAfrica.
DownfalloftheBarmakids.ExecutionofJafarBarmki.

805:
809:
814:

CampaignsagainsttheByzantines.CaptureoftheislandsofRhodesandCypress.
DeathofHarunurRashid.AccessionofAmin.
CivilwarbetweenAminandMamun.AminkilledandMamunbecomestheCaliph.

815:
816:

ShiarevoltunderIbnTubaTabs.
ShiarevoltinMakkahHarsamaquellstherevolt.InSpaintheUmayyadscapturetheislandof
Corsica.

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817:

Harsamakilled.

818:
819:
820:

TheUmayyadsofSpaincapturetheislandsofIzira,Majorica,andSardinia.
MamuncomestoBaghdad.
TahirestablishestheruleoftheTahiridsinKhurasan.

822:
823:

DeathofAIHakaminSpainaccessionofAbdulRahman.II.
DeathofTahirinKhurasan.AccessionofTalhaandhisdeposition.AccessionofAbdullahb
Tahir.
MamundeclarestheMutazilacreedasthestatereligion.
DeathofMamun.AccessionofMutasim.

827:
833:
836:
838:
839:

MutasimshiftsthecapitaltoSamarra.837RevoltoftheJats.
RevoltofBabekinAzarbaijansuppressed.
RevoltofMaziarinTabaristan.TheMuslimsoccupySouthItaly.CaptureofthecityofMessina
inSicily.

842:
843:
847:

DeathofMutasim,accessionofWasiq.
RevoltsoftheArabs.
DeathofWasiq,accessionofMutawakkil.

850:
849:
852:
856:

Mutawakkilrestoresorthodoxy.
DeathoftheTahiridrulerAbdullahbTahiraccessionofTahirII.
DeathofAbdurRahmanIIofSpain.accessionofMuhammadI.
UmarbAbdulAzizfoundstheHabbaridruleinSind.

858:
860:
861:

MutawakkilfoundsthetownofJafariya.
AhmadfoundstheSamanidruleinTransoxiana.
MurderoftheAbbasidCaliphMutawakkilaccessionofMuntasir.

862:
864:
866:

MuntasirpoisonedtodeathaccessionofMutasin.
ZaidistateestablishedinTabaristanbyHasanbZaid.
MutasimfliesfromSamarra,hisdepostionandaccessionofMutaaz.

867:
868:
869:

YaqubbLaythfoundstheSaffaridruleinSistan.
AhmadbTulunfoundstheTulunidruleinEgypt.
TheAbbasidCaliphMutaazforcedtoabdicate,hisdeathandaccessionofMuhtadi.

870:
873:
874:

TurksrevoltagainstMuhtadi,hisdeathandaccessionofMutamid.
Tahiridruleextinguished.
ZanjrevoltinSouthIraq.DeathoftheSamanidrulerAhmad,accessionofNasr.

877:
885:
866:

DeathofYaqubbLaythinSistan,accessionofAmrbLayth.
DeathofAhmadbTuluninEgypt,accessionofKhamarwiyiah.
DeathofMuhammadItheUmayyadrulerofSpain,accessionofMunzir.DeathofAbdullahb
UmartheHabbarirulerofSind.

888:

DeathofMunzirtheUmayyadrulerofSpain,accessionofAbbullah.

891:

TheQarmatianstateestablishedatBahrain.

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892:
894:
896:
897:

DeathoftheSamanidrulerNasr,accessionofIsmail.
TheRustamidsbecomethevassalsofSpain.
DeathoftheTulunidrulerKhamarwiyiahaccessionofAbulAsakirJaish.
AssassinationofAbulAsakirJaishaccessionofAbuMusaHarun.

898:

QarmatianssackBasra,

10thCentury(900999)C.E.
902:
903:

DeathoftheAbbasidCaliphMuktafideathoftheSaffaridrulerAmr.
AssassinationoftheQarmatianrulerAbuSaidaccessionofAbuTahir.

905:

AbdullahbHamdanfoundstheHamdanidruleinMosulandJazira.EndoftheTulunidrulein
Egypt.

907:
908:
909:

DeathoftheAbbasidCaliphMuktafiaccessionofMuqtadir,
EndoftheSaffaridrule,annexationoftheirterritoriesbytheSamanids.
UbaidullahoverthrowstheAghlabldsandfoundstheFatimidruleinNorthAfrica.

912:
913:
928:

DeathoftheUmayyadAmirAbdullahinSpain,accessionofAbdurRahmanIII.
AssassinationoftheSamanidrulerAhmadII,accessionofNasrII.
MardawijbZiyarfoundstheZiyaridruleinTabaristan.

929:

QarmatianssackMakkahandcarryawaytheBlackStonefromtheHolyKaaba.InSpain,
AbdurRahmanIIIdeclareshimselfastheCaliph.

931:

DepositionandrestorationoftheAbbasidCaliphMuqtadir.DeathoftheQarmatianrulerAbu
TahiraccessionofAbuMansur.

932:

DeathoftheAbbasidCaliphMuqtadiraccessionofAlQahir.

934:

DepositionoftheAbbasidCaliphAIQahiraccessionofArRadi.DeathoftheFatimidCaliph
UbaidullahaccessionofAlQaim.
AssassinationoftheZiyaridrulerMardawijaccessionofWashimgir.DeathofHamdanidruler
AbdullahbHamdanaccessionofNasirudDaula.

935:
936:
938:
940:
941:
942:
943:

944:
945:
946:

BycoupIbnRaiqbecomestheAmirulUmara.
ByanothercouppoweratBaghdadiscapturedbyBajkam.
DeathoftheAbbasidCaliphArRadi,accessionofMuttaqi.
AssassinationofBajkam,captureofpowerbyKurtakin.
IbnRaiqrecapturespower.
AlBaeidicapturespower.TheAbbasidCaliphMuttaqiisforcedtoseekrefugewiththe
Hamdanids.SailudDaulacapturespoweratBaghdadandtheCaliphreturnsto'Baghdad.
PoweriscapturedbyTuzunandSailudDaularetires'toMosul.DeathoftheSamanidruler
NasrII,accessionofNuh.
Muttaqiisblindedanddeposed,accessionofMustakafi.
DeathofTuzun.ShirzadbecomesAmirulUmra.TheBuwayhidscapturepower.Depositionof
theAbbasidCaliphMustakafi.
TheQarnaatianarestoretheBlackStonetotheHolyKaaba.

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954:
961:

965:
967:
968:
969:
972:
973:
974:
975:
976:

978:

IslamicHistory(Chronology)

DeathoftheSasanidrulerNuh,accessionofAbdulMalik.
DeathoftheSamanidrulerAbdulMalik,accessionofManauf.Alptginfoundstheruleofthe
Ghazanavids.DeathoftheUmayyadCaliphAbdulRahmanIIIinSpainaccessionofHakam.
DeathoftheIkhshidrulerUnguraccessionofAbulHasanAli.
DeathoftheQarmatianrulerAbuMansuraccessionofHasanAzam.Assassinationofthe
IkhshidrulerAbulHasanAlipowercapturedbyMalikKafur.
DeathoftheBuwayhidSultanMuizudDaula,accessionofBakhtiar.DeathoftheHamdanid
rulerSailudDaula.
ByzantinesoccupyAleppo.DeathoftheIkhshidrulerMalikKafuraccessionofAbulFawaris.
TheFatimidsconquerEgypt.
BulugginbZirifoundstheruleoftheZiridsAlgeria.
ShiaSunnidisturbancesinBaghdadpowercapturedinBaghdadbytheTurkishGeneral
Subuktgin.
AbdicationoftheAbbasidCaliphAIMuttihaccessionofAtTaii.
DeathoftheTurkGeneralSubuktgin.DeathoftheFatimidCaliphAlMuizz.
TheBuwayhidSultanIzzudDaularecapturespowerwiththehelpofhiscousinAzududDaula.
DeathoftheSamanidrulerMansur,accessionofNuhII.InSpaindeathoftheUmayyadCaliph
Hakam,accessionofHishamII.
DeathoftheBuwayhidSultanIzzudDaula,powercapturedbyAzududDaula.TheHamdanids
overthrownbytheBuwayhids.

979:
981:
982:
984:
986:
989:

SubkutginbecomestheAmirofGhazni.
EndoftheQarmatianruleatBahrain.
DeathoftheBuwayhidSultanAzududDaulaaccessionofSamsaraudDaula.
DeathoftheZiridrulerBuluggin,accessionofMansur.
TheBuwyhidSultanSamsaraudDaulaoverthrownbySharafudDaula.
DeathoftheBuwayhidSultanSharafudDaula,accessionofBahaudDaula.

991:
996:
997:
998:

DepositionoftheAbbasidCaliphAtTaii,accessionofAIQadir.
DeathoftheZiridrulerMansur,accessionofNasirudDaulaBadis.
DeathoftheSamanidrulerNuhII,accessionofMansurII.
DeathoftheSamanidrulerMansurII,accessionofAbdulMalikII.MahmudbecomestheAmir
ofGhazni.999EndoftheSamanids.

11thCentury(10001099)C.E.
1001:
1004:
1005:
1008:
1010:

MahmudGhazanavidefeatstheHinduShahis.
MahmudcapturesBhatiya.
MahmudcapturesMultanandGhur.
MahmuddefeatstheRajputconfederacy.
AbdicationofHishamIIinSpain.accessionofMuhammad.

1011: InSpainMuhammadisoverthrownbySulaiman.
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1012: InSpainpoweriscapturedbyBaniHamud.DeathoftheBuwayhidBahaudDaula,accession
ofSultanudDaula.
1016: DeathoftheZirridrulerNasirudDaulaBadisaccessionofAIMuizz.
1018: InSpainpoweriscapturedbyAbdulRahmanIV.
1019: ConquestofthePunjabbyMahmudGhazanavi.
1020: TheBuwayhidSultanudDaulaisOverthrownbyMusharafudDaula,DeathoftheFatimid
CaliphAIHakim,accessionofAlZahir.
1024: InSpainassassinationofAbdulRahmanIV,accessionofMustafi.
1025: DeathoftheBuwayhidMushgrafudDaula,accessionofJalaludDaula.
1029: InSpaindeathofMustaft,accessionofHishamIII.
1030: DeathofMahmudGhazanavi.
1031: InSpaindepositionofHisharnIII,andendoftheUmayyadrule.DeathoftheAbbasidCaliph
AlQadir,accessionofAlQaim.
1036: DeathoftheFatimidCaliphAIZahir,accessionofMustansir.TughrilBegiscrownedasthe
kingoftheSeljuks.
1040: BattleofDandanqan,theSeljuksdefeattheGhazanavids.DepositionofMasudtheGhazanavid
Sultan,accessionofMuhammad.AIMoravidscometopowerinNorthAfrica.
1041:
1044:
1046:
1047:

TheGhazanavidSultanMuhammadisoverthrownbyMaudud.
DeathoftheBuwayhidJalaludDaula,accessionofAbuKalijar.
BasasiricapturespowerinBaghdad.
TheZiridsinNorthAfricarepudiateallegiancetotheFatimidandtransferallegiancetothe
Abbasids.

1048:
1050:
1055:
1057:

DeathoftheBuwayhidAbuKalijar,accessionofMalikurRahim.
YusufbTashfincomestopower.intheMaghrib.
TughrilBegoverthrowstheBuwayhids.
BasasirirecapturespowerinBaghdad,deposesAlQaimandoffersallegiancetotheFatimid
Caliph.

1059: TughrilBegrecapturespowerinBaghdad,alQaimisrestoredastheCaliph.
1060: IbrahimbecomestheSultanofGhazni.YusufbTashfinfoundsthecityofMarrakesh.The
ZiridsabandontheircapitalAshirandestablishtheircapitalatBougie.
1062: DeathoftheZiridrulerAIMuizz,accessionofTamin.
1063: DeathoftheSeljukSultanTughrilBegaccessionofAlpArsalan.
1071:
1073:
1077:
1082:
1086:

BattleofManzikert,theByzantineemperortakencaptivebytheSeljuks.
DeathofAlpArsalan,accessionofMalikShah.
DeathoftheAbbasidCaliphAIQaim,accessionofAIMuqtadi.
TheA1MoravidsconquerAlgeria.
BattleofZallakha.TheAIMoravidsdefeattheChristiansinSpain.DeathoftheRumSejuk
SultanSulaiman,accessionofKilijArsalan.
1091: TheNormansconquertheislandofSicilyendoftheMuslimrule.
1092: DeathoftheSeljukSultanMalikShah,accessionofMahmud.
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1094: DeathofMahmudaccessionofBarkiaruk.DeathoftheAbbasidCaliphAIMuqtadi,accession
ofMustahzir.
1095: Thefirstcrusade.
1099: ThecrusaderscaptureJerusalem.

12thCentury(11001199)C.E.
1101:
1105:
1106:
1107:

DeathortheFatimidCaliphAlMustaali,accessionofAlAamir.
DeathoftheSeljukSultanBarkiaruk,accessionOfMuhammad.
DeathoftheAIMotavidYusufbTashfin.
DeathoftheRumSeljukSultanKilijArsalan,successionofMalikShah.

1108: DeathoftheZiridrulerTamin,accessionofYahya.
1116: DeathoftheRumSeljukSultanMalikShah.accessionofRuknudDinMasud.
1118: DeathoftheSeljukSultanMuhammadaccessionofMahmudII.DeathoftheAbbasidCaliph
Mustahzir,accessionofMustarshid.InSpaintheChristianscaptureSaragossa.
1121: DeathoftheFatimidCaliphAIAamir,accessionofAIHafiz.
1127:
1128:
1130:
1134:

ImadudDinZangiestablishestheZangiruleInMosul.
DeathoftheKhawarzamShahQutbudDinMuhammadaccessionofAtsiz.
DeathoftheSeljukSultanMahmudIIaccessionofTughrilBegII.
AssassinationoftheAbbasidCaliphMustarshidaccessionofAlRashid.DeathoftheSeljuk
SultanTughrilBegII,accessionofMasud.

1135:
1144:
1146:
1147:
1148:
1149:

DepositionoftheAbbasidCaliphAIRashid,accessionofAIMuktafi.
ImadudDinZangicapturesEdessafromtheChristians,secondcrusade.
DeathofImadudDinZangi,accessionofNurudDinZangi.
IntheMaghribAIMoravidsoverthrownbytheAlMohadsunderAbulMumin.
EndoftheZiridrule'inNorthAfrica.
DeathoftheFatimidCaliphAIHafiz,accessionofAIZafar.

1152: DeathoftheSeljukSultanMasud,accessionofMalikShahII.Hamadidruleextinguishedin
NorthAfrica.
1153: DeathoftheSeljukSultanMalikShahI1,accessionofMuhammadII.
1154: DeathoftheFatimidCaliphAIZafar,accessionofAIFaiz.
1156: DeathoftheRumSeljukSultanRuknudDinMasid,accessionofArsalanII.
1159: DeathoftheSeljukSultanMuhammadII,accessionofGulaiman.
1160: DeathoftheAbbasidCaliphAIMukta,accessionofAlMustanjid.DeathoftheFatimidCaliph
AlFaiz,accessionofAlAzzid.
1161: DeathoftheSeljukSulaiman,accessionofArsalanShah.
1163: DeathoftheAIMohadrulerAbulMumin,accessionofAbuYaqubYusuf.
1170: DeathoftheAbbasidCaliphMustanjid,accessionofAlMustazii.
1171: DeathoftheFatimidCaliphAIAzzid.EndoftheFatimids.SalahudDinfoundstheAyyubid
dynastyinEgypt.
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1174:
1175:

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DeathoftheKhawarzamShahArsalan,accessionofSultanShah.
TheKhawarzamShahSultanShahisoverthrownbyTukushShah.
SalahudDinannexesSyria.
TheGhuridsdefeattheGuzzTurksandoccupyGhazni.

1176: DeathoftheSeljukSultanArsalanShah,accessionofTughrilBegIII.
1179: DeathoftheAbbasidCaliphAIMustazaii,accessionofAINasir.ShahabudDinGhuri
capturesPeshawar.
1185: DeathoftheAIMohadrulerAbuYaqubYusuf,accessionofAbuYusufYaqub.
1186: TheGhuridsoverthrowtheGhaznvaidsinthePunjab.
1187:
1191:
1193:
1194:
1199:

SalahudDinwrestsJerusalemfromtheChristians,thirdcrusade.
BattleofTarainbetweentheRajputsandtheGhurids.
DeathofSalahudDinaccessionofAlAziz.SecondbattleofTarain.
OccupationofDelhibytheMuslims.EndoftheSeljukrule.
DeathoftheKhawarzamShahTukushShahaccessionofAlaudDin.DeathoftheAIMohad
rulerAbuYusufYaqubaccessionofMuhammadNasir.ConquestofNorthernIndiaand
BengalbytheGhurids.

13thCentury(12001299)C.E.
1202: DeathoftheGhuridSultanGhiasudDinaccessionofMahmud.
1204: ShahabudDinGhuridefeatedbytheGhuzzTurks.
1206: DeathofShahabudDinGhuri.QutbudDinAibikcrownedkinginLahore.
1210: AssassinationoftheGhuridSultanMahmUd,accessionofSam.DeathofQutbudDinAibak,
accessionofAramShahinIndia.
1211: EndoftheGhuridrule,theirterritoriesannexedbytheKhawarzamShahs.InIndiaAramShah
overthrownbyIltutmish.
1212: BattleofAIUqabinSpain,endoftheAIMohadruleinSpain.TheAIMohadssufferdefeatby
theChristiansinSpainattheAlUqba.TheAIMohadSultanAnNasirescapestoMorocco
wherehediessoonafter.AccessionofhissonYusufwhotakesovertitleofAIMustansir.
1214: InNorthAfricadeathoftheAIMohadrulerAlNasir,accessionofAlMustansir.TheBanu
MarinundertheirleaderAbdulHaqoccupythenortheasternpartofMorocco.
1216: TheBanuMarinundertheirleaderAbdulHaqoccupynortheasternpartofMorocco.TheAI
MohadssufferdefeatbytheMarinidsatthebattleofNakur.TheBanuMarindefeattheAI
MobadsatthebattleofNakur.
1217: TheMarinidssufferdefeatinthebattlefoughtonthebanksoftheSiburiver.AbdulHaqis
killedandtheMarinidsevacuateMorocco.InthebattleofSibutheMarinidssufferdefeattheir
leaderAbdulHaqiskilledandtheyevacuateMorocco.
1218: DeathoftheAyyubidrulerAIAdil,accessionofAIKamil.TheMarinidsreturntoMorocco
undertheirleaderOthmanandoccupyFez.
1220: DeathoftheKhawarzamShahAlaudDin,accessionofJalaludDinMangbarni.
1222: DeathoftheZangirulerNasirudDinMahmud,powercapturedbyBadrudDinLulu.
1223: DeathoftheAlMohadrulerMuntasir,accessionofAbdulWahid.DeathofYusufAI
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1225:
1227:
1229:

1230:
1232:
1234:
1236:
1237:
1240:
1241:

IslamicHistory(Chronology)

Mustansir,accessionofAbdulWahidinMorocco..InSpainabrotherofYusufdeclareshis
independenceandassumesthetitleofAIAdil.InSpainAbuMuhammadoverthrowsAIAdil.
AIAdilescapestoMoroccoandoverthrowsAbdulWahid.
DeathoftheAIMohadrulerAbdulWahid,accessionofAbdullahAdil.
DeathoftheAbbasidCaliphAINasir,accessionofAIMustansir.
DeathoftheAIMohadrulerAbdullahAdil,accessionofMustasim.AssassinationofAlAdil,
accessionofhissonYahyawhoassumesthethroneunderthenameofAlMustasim.
DeathoftheAIMohadrulerMustasim,accessionofIdris.TheAyyubidAIKamilrestores
JerusalemtotheChristians.AbuMuhammaddiesinSpainandissucceededbyAlMamun.AI
MamuninvadesMoroccowithChristianhelp.YahyaisdefeatedandpoweriscapturedbyAl
Mamun.HedeniestheMahdishipofIbnTumarat.
EndoftheKhawarzamShahrule.
DeathoftheAIMohadrulerIdris,accession,ofAbdulWahidII.AssassinationofAlMamun
accessionofhissonArRashid.
DeathoftheAyyubidrulerAIKamil,accessionofAIAdil.
DeathofDelhiSultanIltutmish.AccessionofRuknudDinFerozShah.
AccessionofRaziaSultanaasDelhiSultan.
DeathofArRashidaccessionofhissonAbuSaid.
DeathofRaziaSultana,accessionofBahramShah.

1242: DeathofBahramShah,accessionofAlaudDinMasudShahasDelhiSultan.DeathoftheAI
MohadrulesAbdulWahid,accessionofAbuHasan.DeathoftheAbbasidCaliphMustansir,
accessionofMustasim.
1243: DeathoftheAIMohadrulerAbdulWalidII,accessionof
1244: TheAlMohadsdefeattheMarinidsatthebattleofAbuBayash.TheMarinidsevacuate
Morocco.
1245: TheMuslimsreconquerJerusalem.
1246: DeathoftheDelhiSultanAlaudDinMasudShah,accessionofNasirudDinMahmudShah.
1248: DeathoftheAIMohadrulerAbulHasan,accessionofOmarMurtaza.AbuSaidattacks
Tlemsen,butisambushedandkilledaccessionofhissonMurtada.
1250: TheMarinidsreturntoMorocco,andoccupyagreatarpartthereof.
1258: TheMongolssackBaghdad.DeathoftheAbbasidCaliphMustasim.EndoftheAbbasidrule.
FallofBaghdad,endoftheAbbasidcaliphate.TheMongolIIKhansunderHalakuestablish
theirruleinIranandIraqwiththecapitalatMaragah.BerekKhantheMuslimchiefofthe
GoldenHordeprotestsagainstthetreatmentmetedouttotheAbbasidCaliphandwithdrawhis
ContingentfromBaghdad.
1259: AbuAbdullahtheHafsidrulerdeclareshimselfastheCaliphandassumesthenameofAI
Mustamir.
1260: BattleofAynJalutinSyria.TheMongolsaredefeatedbytheMamluksofEgypt,andthespell
oftheinvincibilityoftheMongolsisbroken.BaybarsbecomestheMamlukSultan.
1262: DeathofBahauddinZikriyainMultanwhoiscreditedwiththeintroductionoftheSuhrawardi
SufiorderintheIndoPakistansubcontinent.
1265: DeathofHalaku.DeathofFariduddinGanjShakkartheChishtisaintoftheIndoPakistansub
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continent.
DeathofBerekKhanthefirstruleroftheGoldenHordetobeconvertedtoIslam.Theeighth
crusade.ThecrusadersinvadeTunisia.Failureofthecrusade.
MalikulSalihestablishesthefirstMuslimstateofSamudraPasaiinIndonesia.Murtadaseeks
thehelpoftheChristians,andtheSpaniardsinvadeMorocco.TheMarinidsdriveawaythe
SpaniardsfromMorocco.AssassinationofMurtadaaccessionofAbuDabbas.
AbuDabbasisoverthrownbytheMarinida,EndoftheAlMohads.EndoftheruleoftheAI
MohadsinMorocco,theMarinidscometopowerinMoroccounderAbuYaqub.
DeathofMansaWalithefounderoftheMuslimruleinMali.

1272: DeathofMuhammadIthefounderofthestateofGranada.YaghmurasoninvadesMoroccobut
meetsareverseatthebattle
1273: DeathofJalaluddinRumi.
1274: DeathofNasiruddinTusi.TheMarinidswrestSijilmasafromtheZayenids.Ninthcrusade
underEdwardIofEngland.ThecrusadeendsinfiascoandEdwardreturnstoEngland.
1277: DeathofBaybars.
1280: BattleofHims.
1283: DeathofYaghmurasan.AccessionofhissonOthman.
1285: TunisissplitsinTunisandBougie.
1286: DeathofGhiasuddinBalban.DeathofAbuYusufYaqub.BughraKhandeclareshis
independenceinBengalunderthenameofNasiruddin.
1290: EndoftheslavedynastyJalaluddinKhiljicomesintopower.Othmanembarksonacareerof
conquestandby1290C.E.mostoftheCentralMaghrebisconqueredbytheZayanids.
1291: Saadi.
1296: AlauddinGhazanconvertedtoIslam.
1299: MongolsinvadeSyria.TheMarinidsbesiegeTlemsenthecapitaloftheZayanids.

14thCentury(13001399)C.E.
1301: InBengal,DeathofRuknuddinthekingofBengal,succeededbybrotherShamsuddinFiruz.
1302: InGranada,DeathofMuhammadIIsuccessionofMuhammadIII.
1304: IntheMongolsIIKhansempire,DeathofGhazan,successionofhisbrotherKhudabandaUl
Jaytu.InAlgeria,DeathofOthman,successionofhissonAbuZayanMuhammad.
1305: IntheKhiljisempire,AlauddinKhiljiconquersRajputana.
1306: IntheChughillsempire,DeathofDava,successionofhissonKunjuk.
1307: IntheMarinidsempire,AssassinationoftheMarinidSultanAbuYaqubYusufaccessionof
AbuThabit
1308: IntheChughillsempire,DepositionofKunjuk,powercapturedbyTaliku.InAlgeria,Deathof
AbuZayanMuhammad,successionofhisbrotherAbuHamuwMusa.IntheMarinidsempire,
AbuThabitoverthrownbyAbuRabeahSulaiman.
1309: IntheChughillsempire,AssassinationofTaliku,accessionofKubak.InGranada,Muhammad
IIIoverthrownbyhisuncleAbulJuyushNasr.
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1310: IntheChughillsempire,KubakoverthrownbyhisbrotherIsanBuga.IntheMarinidsempire,
AbuRabeahSulaimanoverthrownbyAbuSaidOthman.IntheKhiljisempire,Alauddin
conquersDeccan.
1312: InTunisia,InTunisAbulBaqaisoverthrownbyAlLihiani.
1313: IntheMongolsIIKhansempire,InvasionofSyria,theMongolsrepulsed.IntheGoldenHorde
empire,DeathofToktu,accessionofhisnephewUzbeg.
1314: InKashmir,RainchananadventurerfromBaltistanoverthrowsSinhaDevatheRajaof
Kashmir.RainchanisconvertedtoIslamandadoptsthenameofSadrudDin.InGranada,Abul
JuyushoverthrownbyhisnephewAbulWahidIsmail.
1315: InTunisia,WarbetweenBougieandTunis,Lihanidefeatedandkilled.AbuBakrbecomesthe
rulerofBougieandTunis.
1316: IntheMongolsIIKhansempire,DeathofKhudabandaUlJaytu,successionofAbuSaid.Inthe
Khiljisempire,DeathofAlauddin,accessionofShahabuddinUmar,usurpationofpowerby
MalikKafur,aHinduconvert.
1318: IntheKhiljisempire,AssassinationofMalikKafur,depositionofShahabuddinUmar,
accessionofQutbuddinMubarak.IntheChughillsempire,IsanBugaoverthrownbyKubak.
1320: IntheKhiljisempire,AssassinationofQutbuddinMubarak,usurpationofpowerbyKhusro
KhanaHinduconvert.KhusroKhanoverthrownbyGhaziMalik.EndoftheruleofKhiljis.In
Tunisia,AbuBakrexpelledfromTunisbyAbuImran.IntheTughluqsempire,GhaziMalik
foundstheruleoftheTughluqdynasty.
1321: IntheChughillsempire,DeathofKubak,successionofHebbishsiwhoisoverthrownbyDava
Temur.
1322: IntheChughillsempire,DavaTemuroverthrownbyTarmashirin,whoisconvertedtoIslam.In
Bengal,DeathofShamsuddinFiruz.Thekingdomdividedintotwoparts.GhiasuddinBahadur
becametherulerofEastBengalwiththecapitalatSonargaon,Shahabuddinbecametherulerof
WestBengalwiththecapitalatLakhnauti.
1324: InBengal,ShahabuddindiesandissucceededbyhisbrotherNasiruddin.
1325: IntheTughluqsempire,DeathofGhaziMalik(GhiasuddinTughluq)accessionofhisson
MuhammadTughluq.InGranada,AssassinationofAbulWahidIsmail,successionofhisson
MuhammadIV.AssassinationofMuhammadIV.AccessionofhisbrotherAbulHallajYusuf.
IntheSamudraPasaiempire,DeathofMalikalTahirI,accessionofMalikalTahirII.In
Bengal,WiththehelpofGhiasuddinTughluq,Nasiruddinoverthrows.GhiasuddinBahadur
andhimselfbecome'stherulerofUnitedBengal.
1326: IntheOttomanTurksempire,DeathofOthman,successionofOrkhan.OrkhanconquersBursa
andmakesithiscapital.
1327: IntheOttomanTurksempire,TheTurkscapturethecityofNicaea.
1329: IntheTughluqsempire,MuhammadTughluqshiftsthecapitalfromDelhitoDaulatabadin
Deccan.
1330: IntheChughillsempire,DeathofTramashirin,successionofChangshahi.AmirHussain
establishestheruleoftheJalayardynastyatBaghdad.InTunisia,AbuBakroverthrowsAbu
Imranandthestateisagainunited,underhim.InBengal,MuhammadbTughluqreversesthe
policyofhisfatherandrestoresGhiasuddinBahadurtothethroneofSonargeon.
1331: IntheMarinidsempire,DeathofAbuSaidOthman,sucessionofAbulHasan.InBengal,
AnnexationofBengalbytheTughluqs.
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1335: IntheMongolsIIKhansempire,DeathofAbuSaid,powercapturedbyArpaKoun.Inthe
Chughillsempire,AssassinationofChangshahi,accessionofBurun.
1336: IntheMongolsIIKhansempire,Arpadefeatedandkilled,succeededbyMusa.BirthofAmir
Temur.IntheJalayarempire,DeathofAmirHussain,successionofHasanBuzurg.Inthe
OttomanTurksempire,TheTurksannexthestateofKarasi.InBengal,TheTughluqGovernor
atSonargeonassassinatedbyarmourbearerwhocapturedpoweranddeclaredhisindependence
assumingthenameofFakhruddinMubarakShah.
1337: IntheMongolsIIKhansempire,TheruleofMusaoverthrown,Muhammadbecomesthe
Sultan.IntheSarbadaranempire,OnthedisintegrationoftheIIKhanrule,AbdurRazaqa
militaryadventurerestablishesanindependentprincipalityinKhurasanwiththecapitalat
Sabzwar.IntheMuzaffaridsempire,OnthedisintegrationoftheIIKhanruleMubarazudDin
MuhammadestablishedtheruleoftheMuzaffariddynasty.IntheOttomanTurksempire,The
TurkscapturethecityofNicomedia.InAlgeria,AlgeriaisoccupiedbyMarinids.
1338: IntheMongolsIIKhansempire,Muhammadoverthrown,successionofSatiBeg.SatiBeg
marriesSulaimanwhobecomesthecoruler.
1339: InKashmir,DeathofSadrudDin,thronecapturedbyaHinduUdyanaDeva.IntheChughills
empire,DepositionofBurun,accessionofIsunTemur.InBengal,TheTughluqGovernorat
LakhnautiQadrKhanassassinatedandpoweriscapturedbythearmycommanderinchiefwho
declareshisindependenceandassumesthetitleofAlauddinAliShah.
1340: IntheMuzaffaridsempire,TheMuzaffaridsconquerKirman.IntheChughillsempire,
DepositionofIsunTemur,accessionofMuhammad.
1341: IntheGoldenHordeempire,DeathofUzbeg,successionofhissonTiniBeg.
1342: IntheGoldenHordeempire,TiniBegoverthrownbyhisbrotherJaniBeg.
1343: IntheChughillsempire,Muhammadoverthrown,powercapturedbyKazan.InBengal,Ilyasan
officerofAlauddinmurdershispatronandcapturesthethroneofWestBengal.
1344: IntheMongolsIIKhansempire,DepositionofSulaiman,successionofAnusherwan.
1345: IntheSamudraPasaiempire,DeathofMalikalTahirII,accessionofTahirIII.Hisrulelasted
throughoutthefourteenthcentury.InBengal,llyascapturesEastBengalandunderhimBengal
isagainunited.HeestablisheshiscapitalatGaur.
1346: IntheChughillsempire,DepositionofKazan,accessionofHayanKuli.InTunisia,Deathof
AbuBakr,successionofhissonFadal.InKashmir,DeathofUdyanaDeva,thronecapturedby
ShahMirzawhoassumedthenameofShahMir,androundedtheruleofShahMirdynasty.
1347: TheMarinidscaptureTunisia.IntheBahmanidsempire,HasanGangudeclareshis
independenceandestablishesastateinDeccanwiththecapitalatGulbarga.
1349: InKashmir,DeathofShahMir,accessionofhissonJamsbed.InAlgeria,TheZayanidsunder
AbuSaidOthmanrecaptureAlgeria.
1350: IntheSarbadaranempire,RevoltagainstAbdurRazaq.PowercapturedbyAmirMasud.In
Tunisia,DepositionofFadal,successionofhisbrotherAbuIshaq.InKashmir,Jamshed
overthrownbyhisstepbrotherAlauddinAliSher.
1351: IntheMarinidsempire,DeathofAbulHasan,successionofAbuInan.IntheTughluqsempire,
DeathofMuhammadTughluqaccessionofFiruzShahTughluq.
1352: InAlgeria,TheMarinidsagaincaptureAlgeria.AbuSaidOthmanistakencaptiveandkilled.
1353: EndoftheMongolIIKhanrule.IntheOttomanTurksempire,TheTurksacquirethefortressof
TympaontheEuropeansideoftheHollespoint.IntheMuzaffaridsempire,TheMuzaffarids
conquerShirazandestablishtheircapitalthere.
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1354: IntheMuzaffaridsempire,TheMuzaffaridsannexIsfahan.InGranada,AssassinationofAbu
HallajYusuf,successionofhissonMuhammadV.
1356: IntheJalayarempire,DeathofHasanBuzurg,successionofhissonOwaia.
1357: IntheGoldenHordeempire,DeathofJaniBeg,successionofKulpa.
1358: IntheBahmanidsempire,DeathofHasanGangu,accessionofhissonMuhammadShah.Inthe
Muzaffaridsempire,DeathofMubarazuddinMuhammadaccessionofShahShuja.Inthe
Marinidsempire,AssassinationofAbuInan,successionofAbuBakrSaid.InBengal,Deathof
Ilyas,successionofhissonSikandarShah.
1359: IntheOttomanTurksempire,DeathofOrkhan,successionofMurad.IntheMuzaffarids
empire,ShahShujadeposedbyhisbrotherShahMahmud.InTunisia,AbulAbbasanephewof
AbuIshaqrevoltsandestablisheshisruleinBougie.InAlgeria,TheZayanidsunderAbu
HamuwIIrecaptureAlgeria.IntheMarinidsempire,AbuBakrSaidoverthrownbyAbuSalim
Ibrahim.InGranada,MuhammadVlosesthethroneinpalacerevolution,succeededbyIsmail.
1360: IntheMuzaffaridsempire,DeathofShahMahmud.ShahShujarecapturespower.Inthe
Chughillsempire,PowercapturedbyTughluqTemur.InGranada,Ismailoverthrownbyhis
brotherinlawAbuSaid.
1361: IntheOttomanTurksempire,MuradconquersapartofThraceandestablisheshiscapitalat
DemolikainThrace.IntheGoldenHordeempire,KulpaoverthrownbyhisbrotherNauroz.In
theMarinidsempire,AbuSalimIbrahimoverthrownbyAbuUmar.AbuUmaroverthrownby
AbuZayyan.
1362: IntheGoldenHordeempire,Stateofanarchy.During20yearsasmanyas14rulerscametothe
throneandmadetheirexit.InGranada,AbuSaidoverthrownbyMuhammadVwhocomesto
ruleforthesecondtime.InKashmir,DeathofAlauddinAliSher,succeededbyhisbrother
Shahabuddin.
1365: IntheOttomanTurksempire,TheTurksdefeattheChristiansatthebattleofMatiza,the
ByzantinerulerbecomesavassaloftheTurks.
1366: IntheMarinidsempire,AssassinationofAbuZayyan,successionofAbuFarisAbdulAziz.
1369: PowercapturedbyAmirTemur.EndoftheruleoftheChughills.AmirTemurcapturespower
inTransoxiana.InTunisia,DeathofAbuIshaq.SuccessionofhissonAbuBaqaKhalid.
1370: InTunisia,AbuBaqaoverthrownbyAbulAbbasunderwhomthestateisreunited.Inthe
Sarbadaranempire,DeathofAmirMasud,successionofMuhammadTemur.
1371: IntheOttomanTurksempire,InvasionofBulgaria,BulgarianterritoryuptotheBalkans
annexedbytheTurks.
1372: IntheMarinidsempire,DeathofAbuFaris,successionofAbuMuhammad.
1374: IntheMarinidsempire,AbuMuhammadoverthrownbyAbulAbbas.
1375: IntheSarbadaranempire,DepositionofMuhammadTemur,powercapturedbyShamsuddin.In
theJalayarempire,DeathofOwais,successionbyhissonHussain.
1376: InKashmir,DeathofShahabuddin,succeededbyhisbrotherQutbuddin.
1377: IntheBahmanidsempire,DeathofMuhammadShah,succeededbyhissonMujahid.
1378: IntheBahmanidsempire,Mujahidassassinated,thronecapturedbyhisuncleDaud.
1379: TurkomansoftheBlackSheepempire,BairamKhawajafoundtheindependentprincipalityof
theTurkomansoftheBlackSheepandestablishedhiscapitalatVaninArmenia.Inthe
Bahmanidsempire,AssassinationofDaudaccessionofMuhammadKhan.
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1380: IntheGoldenHordeempire,PoweriscapturedbyToktamish,aprinceoftheWhiteHordeof
Siberia.InAmirTemur'sempire,AmirTemurcrossestheOxusandconquersKhurasanand
Herat.AmirTemurinvadesPersiaandsubjugatestheMuzaffaridsandMazandaran.
1381: InAmirTemur'sempire,AnnexationofSeestan,captureofQandhar.
1384: InAmirTemur'sempire,ConquestofAstrabad,Mazandaran,RayyandSultaniyah.Inthe
Muzaffaridsempire,DeathofShahShuja,accessionofhissonZainulAbdin.IntheMarinids
empire,AbulAbbasoverthrownbyMustansir.TurkomansoftheBlackSheepempire,Deathof
BairamKhawaja,successionofQaraMuhammad.
1386: InAmirTemur'sempire,AnnexationofAzarbaijan,Georgeaoverrun.SubjugationofGilanand
Shirvan.TurkomansoftheBlackSheepdefeated.IntheMarinidsempire,DeathofMustansir,
successionofMuhammad.
1387: IntheMarinidsempire,MuhammadoverthrownbyAbulAbbaswhocomestopowerforthe
secondtime.
1388: InAlgeria,DeathofAbuHamuwII,successionofAbuTashfin.IntheTughluqsempire,Death
ofFiruzShahTughluq,succeededbyhisgrandsonGhiasuddinTughluqII.
1389: ofAbuBakrTughluqShah.TurkomansoftheBlackSheepempire,DeathofQaraMuhammad.
successionofQaraYusuf.
1390: IntheTughluqsempire,AbuBakroverthrowbyNasiruddinTughluq.InBengal,Deathof
SikandarShah,accessionofhissonGhiasud.IntheBurjiMamluksempire,Theruleofthe
BurjiMamluksroundedbySaifuddinBarquq.
1391: InAmirTemur'sempire,AnnexationofFars.IntheMuzaffaridsempire,Annexationofthe
MuzaffaridsbyAmirTemur.InGranada,DeathofMuhammadV,successionofhissonAbu
HallajYusufII.
1392: IntheJalayarempire,DeathofHussain,successionofhissonAhmad.InGranada,Deathof
AbuHallajsuccessionofMuhammadVI.
1393: AmirTemurdefeatsTiktomish,theruleroftheGoldenHorde.CaptureoftheJalayardominions
byAmirTemur.IntheMarinidsempire,DeathofAbulAbbassuccessionofAbuFarisII.
1394: AmirTemurdefeatstheDukeofMoscow.IntheTughluqsempire,DeathofNasiruddin
Tugluq,accessionofAlauddinSikandarShah.InKashmir,DeathofQutbuddin.Turkomansof
theWhiteSheepempire,QaraOthmanestablishedtheruleoftheWhiteSheepTurkomansin
Diyarbekr.
1395: IntheGoldenHordeempire,AmirTemurdefeatedToktamishandrazesSeraitotheground.
EndoftheruleoftheGoldenHorde.AnnexationofIraqbyAmirTemur.IntheTughluqs
empire,DeathofSikandarShah.AccessionofMuhammadShah.
1396: IntheAmirTemur'sempire,DestructionofSarai,andoftheruleoftheGoldenHorde.Inthe
Sarbadaranempire,PrincipalityannexedbyAmirTemur.
1397: IntheBahmanidsempire,DeathofMuhammadKhan.
1398: IntheAmirTemur'sempire,CampaigninIndia.IntheMarinidsempire,DeathofAbuFarisII.
IntheTughluqsempire,InvasionofAmirTimur,MahmudShahescapesfromthecapital.In
Morocco,DeathoftheMarinidSultanAbuFarisIIsuccessionofhissonAbuSaidOthman.
1399: IntheAmirTemur'sempire,CampaigninIraqandSyria.IntheBurjiMamluksempire,Death
ofSaifuddinBarquq,successionofhissonNasiruddininFaraj.

15thCentury(14001499)C.E.
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1400: IntheBurjiMamluksempire,TheMamlukslostSyriawhichwasoccupiedbyAmirTimur.
1401: IntheGoldenHordeempire,DeathofTimurQutluq,theruler,installedbyAmirTimur.
accessionofShadiBeg.
1402: IntheOttomanTurksempire,DefeatofBayazidatthebattleofAnkara,takencaptiveAmir
Timur.
1403: IntheOttomanTurksempire,MuhammadI,thesonofBayazidascendedthethrone.
1405: IntheTimuridsempire,DeathofAmirTimur,successionofhissonShahRukh.
1407: IntheGoldenHordeempire,DepositionofShadiBeg,installationofFauladKhanbytheking
makerEdigu.
1410: IntheGoldenHordeempire,DepositionofFauladKhan,installationofTimur.
1412: IntheGoldenHordeempire,DepositionofTimur,installationofJalaluddin.IntheBurji
Mamluksempire,DeathofNasiruddinFaraj,successionofAlMuayyad.
1413: IntheGoldenHordeempire,DepositionofJalaluddin,installationofKarimBardo.
1414: IntheGoldenHordeempire,DepositionofKarimBardo,installationofKubakKhan.
1416: IntheGoldenHordeempire,DepositionofKubakKhan,installationofJaharBalrawi.
DepositionofJaharBalrawi,installationofChaighray.
1419: IntheGoldenHordeempire,DeathofEdigu,overthrowofChaighray,powercapturedby
UlughMuhammad.
1420: TurkomansoftheBlackSheepempire,DeathofQaraYusufsuccessionofhissonQara
Iskandar.InMorocco,AssassinationofAbuSaidOthmansuccessionofhisinfantsonAbdul
Haq.
1421: IntheOttomanTurksempire,DeathofMuhammadIaccessionofhissonMuradII.Inthe
BurjiMamluksempire,DeathofAlMuayyad,successionofMuzaffarAhmad.Muzaffar
AhmadoverthrownbyAmirSaifuddinTata,DeathofSaifuddinTata,successionofhisson
Muhammad.MuhammadoverthrownbyAmirBarsbay.
1424: IntheGoldenHordeempire,DeathofDaulatBairawi,successionofBerk.InAlgeria,The
HalsidaofTunisiaoccupyAlgeria.Thisstateofaffairscontinuedthroughoutthefifteenth
century.
1425: IntheUzbegsempire,AbulKhayr,aprinceofthehouseofUzbegdeclarehisindependencein
thewesternpartofSiberia,
1427: IntheGoldenHordeempire,BerkoverthrownbyUlughMuhammadwhocapturedpowerfor
thesecondtime.
1430: IntheUzbegsempire,AbulKhayroccupiesKhawarazm.
1434: TurkomansoftheBlackSheepempire,DepositionofQaraIskandarinstallationofhisbrother
JahanShah.TurkomansoftheWhiteSheepempire,DeathofQaraOthman,successionofhis
sonAliBeg.InTunisia,DeathofAbulFarisafteraruleoffortyyears,successionofhisson
AbuAbdullahMuhammad.
1435: InTunisia,DepositionofAbuAbdullahMuhammad,powercapturedbyAbuUmarOthman.
1438: IntheBurjiMamluksempire,DeathofBarsbay,accessionofhisminorsonJamaluddinYusuf
YusufoverthrownandpowercapturedbytheChiefMinisterSaifuddinGakmuk.Turkomansof
theWhiteSheepempire,AliBegoverthrownbyhisbrotherHamza.
1439: IntheGoldenHordeempire,UlughMuhammadwithdrewfromSaraiandfoundtheprincipality
ofQazan.SaidAhmadcametopowerinSarai.
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1440: TurkomansoftheWhiteSheepempire,HamzaoverthrownbyJahangirasonofAliBeg.
1441: IntheGoldenHordeempire,CrimeasecededfromSarai.
1446: IntheTimuridsempire,DeathofShahRukh,successionofUlughBeg.IntheOttomanTurks
empire,SecondbattleofKossovaresultinginthevictoryoftheTurks.Serbiaannexedto
TurkeyandBosniabecameitsvassal.
1447: IntheGoldenHordeempire,AstraKhansecededfromSarai.
1449: IntheUzbegsempire,AbulKhayrcapturesFarghana.IntheTimuridsempire,DeathofUlugh
Beg,successionofAbdulLatif.
1450: IntheTimuridsempire,AssassinationofAbdulLatif,accessionofAbuSaid.
1451: IntheOttomanTurksempire,DeathofMuradIIaccessionofhissonMuhammadII.
1453: IntheOttomanTurksempire,CaptureofConstantinoplebytheTurks.TurkomansoftheWhite
Sheepempire,DeathofJahangiraccessionofhissonUzunHasan.IntheBurjiMamluks
empire,DeathofGakmuk.successionofhissonFakhruddinOthman.Othmanoverthrownby
theMamlukGeneralSaifuddinInal.
1454: IntheOttomanTurksempire,AttackagainstWallachia,Wallachiabecameavassalstateof
Turkey.
1456: IntheOttomanTurksempire,AnnexationofSerbia.
1461: IntheOttomanTurksempire,AnnexationofBosniaandHerzogovina.IntheBurjiMamluks
empire,DeathofSaifuddinInal,successionofhissonShahabuddinAhmad.Shahabuddin
AhmadoverthrownbytheMamlukGeneralSaifuddinKhushqadam.
1462: IntheOttomanTurksempire,AnnexationofAlbania.
1465: IntheGoldenHordeempire,DeathofSaidAhmad,successionofhissonKhanAhmad.In
Morocco,AssassinationofAbdulHaq.EndoftheMarinidrule.PowersnatchedbySharif
MuhammadalJati.
1467: TurkomansoftheBlackSheepempire,DeathofJahanShah,endoftheruleoftheBlackSheep
Turkomanrule.TurkomansoftheWhiteSheepempire,JahanShahoftheBlackSheepattacked
theWhiteSheep.JahanShahwasdefeatedandtheBlackSheepterritoriesannexedbythe
WhiteSheep.IntheBurjiMamluksempire,DeathofKhushqadam,accessionofhisson
SaifuddinYelBey.DepositionofYelBey,powercapturedbytheMamlukGeneralTemur
Bugha.
1468: IntheUzbegsempire,DeathofAbulKhayr,successionofhissonHaidarSultan.Turkomansof
theWhiteSheepempire,UzunHasandefeatedtheTimuridsatthebattleofQarabaghwhereby
theWhiteSheepbecamethemastersofPersiaandKhurasan.IntheBurjiMamluksempire,
DepositionofFemurBugha,powercapturedbytheMamlukGeneralQaitBay.
1469: IntheTimuridsempire,DeathofAbuSaid,disintegrationoftheTimuridstate.InKhurasan
HussainBaygaracametopowerandheruledduringtheremainingyearsofthefifteenth
century.
1472: InMorocco,SharifMuhammadalJatioverthrownbytheWattisidchiefMuhammadalShaikh
whoestablishestheruleoftheWattisiddynasty.
1473: IntheOttomanTurksempire,WaragainstPersiaPersiansdefeated.
1475: IntheOttomanTurksempire,AnnexationofCrimea.WaragainstVenice.Tukeybecamethe
masteroftheAegeanSea.
1478: TurkomansoftheWhiteSheepempire,DeathofUzunHasan,successionofhissonKhalil.
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1479: TurkomansoftheWhiteSheepempire,KhaliloverthrownbyhisuncleYaqub.
1480: IntheGoldenHordeempire,AssassinationofKhanAhmad,successionofhissonSaidAhmad
II.
1481: IntheGoldenHordeempire,SaidAhmadI1overthrownbyhisbrotherMurtada.Inthe
OttomanTurksempire,DeathofMuhammadII,accessionofBayazidII.
1488: IntheUzbegsempire,DeathofHaiderSultan,successionofhisnephewShaybaniKhan.In
Tunisia,DeathofAbuUmarOthmanafteraruleof52years,successionofAbuZikriyaYahya.
1489: InTunisia,AbuZikriyaYahyaoverthrownbyAbulMumin.
1490: InTunisia,AbulMuminoverthrown,powerrecapturedbyAbuYahya.
1493: TurkomansoftheWhiteSheepempire,DeathofYaqub.accessionofhissonBayangir.
1495: TurkomansoftheWhiteSheepempire,BayangiroverthownbyhiscousinRustam.
1496: IntheBurjiMamluksempire,AbdicationofQaitBay,successionofhissonNasirMuhammad.
1497: TurkomansoftheWhiteSheepempire,RustamoverthrownbyAhmad.Anarchyand
fragmentation.
1498: IntheBurjiMamluksempire,DepositionofNasirMuhammad,powercapturedbyZahir
Kanauh.
1499: IntheUzbegsempire,ShayhaniKhanconqueredTransoxiana.IntheGoldenHordeempire,
DeathofMurtada,successionofSaidAhmadIII."IntheOttomanTurksempire,TheTurks
defeatedtheVenetianfleetinthebattleofLepanto.

16thCentury(15001599)C.E.
1500: IntheBurjiMamluksempire,ZahirKanauhoverthrownbyAshrafGanBalat.
1501: IsamilIestablishestheSafaviddynastyinPersia,andtheTwelveImamShi'ismbecomesthe
statereligion.
1507: ThePortugueseunderd'AlbuquerqueestablishstrongholdsinthePersianGulf.
1508: TurkomansoftheWhiteSheepempire,EndoftheWhiteSheepdynastyandtheannexationof
theirterritoriesbytheSafawids.
1511: D'AlbuquerqueconquersMalaccafromtheMuslims.
1517: TheOttomanSultanSelimYavuz("theGrim")defeatstheMamluksandconquersEgypt.
1520: ThereignofSulaymantheMagnificentbegins.
1526: LouisofHungarydiesattheBattleofMohacs.
1526: TheBattleofPanipatinIndia,andtheMoghulconquestBaburmakeshiscapitalatDelhiand
Agra.
1528: TheOttomanstakeBudainHungary.
1529: UnsuccessfulOttomansiegeofVienna.
1550: ThearchitectSinanbuildstheSuleymaniyemosqueinIstanbul.
1550: TheriseoftheMuslimkingdomofAtjehinSumatra.
1550: IslamspreadstoJava,theMoluccas,andBorneo.
1556: ThedeathofSulaymantheMagnificent.
1568: AlpujarrauprisingoftheMoriscos(MuslimsforciblyconvertedtoCatholicism)inSpain.
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1571: TheOttomansaredefeatedatthenavalBattleofLepanto,andtheirdominanceinthe
Mediterraneanisbroughttoaclose.
1578: TheBattleoftheThreeKingsatQasralKabirinMorocco.KingSebastianofPortugaliskilled.
1588: ReignofSafavidSultanShahAbbasIbegins.
1591: MustailiIsmailissplitintoSulaymanisandDaudis.

17thCentury(16001699)C.E.
1600: SindannexedbytheMughals.EndoftheArghunruleinSind.
1601: KhandeshannexedbytheMughals.
1603: BattleofUrmiyah.Turkssufferdefeat.PersiaoccupiesTabriz,Mesopotamia.Mosuland
Diyarbekr.DeathofMuhammadIII,SultanofTurkey,accessionofAhmadI.InMoroccoal
Shaikhdied.
1604: InIndonesiadeathofAlauddinRayatShah,SultanofAcheh,accessionofAliRayatShahIII.
1605: DeathoftheMughalemperorAkbaraccessionofJahangir.
1607: AnnexationofAhmadnagarbytheMughals.
1609: AnnexationofBidarbytheMughals
1611: KuchBeharsubjugatedbytheMughals.
1612: KamrupannexedbytheMughals.
1617: DeathofAhmadI,SultanofTurkey,accessionofMustafaDepositionofMustafa:accessionof
OthmanII.
1618: TipperahannexedbytheMughals.:
'

1620: InTurkeydepositionofMustafa,accessionofOthmanII.
1623: InTurkeyMustafarecapturedpower.
1625: InTurkeydepositionofMustafa,accessionofMuradIV.
1627: DeathoftheMughalemperorJahangir,accessionofShahJahan.
1628: ReignofSafavidSultanShahAbbasIcomestoanend.
1629: InPersiadeathofShahAbbasaccessionofgrandsonSafi.
1631: DeathofMumtazMahal,wifeofMughalEmperorShahJahanandtheladyofTajMahal,Agra.
1637: DeathofIskandarMudainIndonesiaaccessionofIskandarII.
1640: DeathofOtthmanSultanMuradIV.accessionofhisbrotherIbrahim.
1641: TurkscaptureAzov.InIndonesiadeathofIskandarIIaccessionoftheQueenTajulAlam.
1642: InPersiadeathofShahSafi,accessionofShahAbbasII.
1648: InTurkeyIbrahimdeposedaccessionofMuhammadIV.
1656: MuhammadKuiprillibecomestheGrandMinisterinTurkey.
1658: DepositionoftheMughalemperorShahJahan,accessionofAurangzeb.
1661: DeathofMuhammadKuiprilli,accessionofhissonAhmadKuiprilli.
1667: DeathofShahAbbasIIaccessionofShahSulaiman.
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1675: ExecutionoftheSikhGuruTeghBahadur.InIndonesiadeathofthequeenTajulAlam,
accessionofthequeenNurulAlam.
1676: DeathoftheGrandWazirofTurkeyAhmadKuiprilli,successionbyKaraMustafa.
1678: InIndonesiadeathofthequeenNurulAlam,accessionofthequeenInayatZakia.
1680: DeathofMarhattachieftainShivaji.
1682: AssamannexedbytheMughals.AurangzebshiftsthecapitaltoAurangabadintheDeccan.
1683: TheTurksliftthesiegeofViennaandretreat.KaraMustafatheGrandWazirexecutedforthe
failureoftheexpedition.
1686: AnnexationofBijapurbytheMughals.
1687: GolkundaannexedbytheMughals.SecondbattleofMohads.DefeatoftheTurksbyAustria.
DepositionofMuhammadIV.AccessionofSulaimanII.
1688: InIndonesiadeathofqueenInayatZakia,accessionofthequeenKamalah.
1690: DeathoftheOttomanSultanSulaimanII,accessionofAhmadII.
1692: DeathoftheTurkSultanAhmadII,accessionofMustafaII.
1694: InPersiadeathofShahSafi,accessionofShahHussain.
1699: InIndonesiadeathofQueenKamalah.

18thCentury(17001799)C.E.
1700: MurshidQuliKhandeclarestheindependenceofBengalandestablisheshiscapitalat
Murshidabad.
1703: Ahmad11IbecomestheOttomanSultan.BirthofShahWaliUllah.Birthofthereligious
reformerMuhammadbAbdulWahab.
1707: DeathoftheMughalemperorAurangzeb,accessionofhissonBahadurShah.
1711: WarbetweenTurkeyandRussia.RussiadefeatedatthebattleofPruth.
1712: DeathoftheMughalemperorBahadurShah,accessionofJahandarShah.
1713: JahandarShahoverthrownbyhisnephewFarrukhSiyar.
1718: InthewaragainstAustria,Turkeysuffersdefeat.BythetreatyofPassarowichTurkeyloses
Hungary.
1719: DepositionoftheMughalemperorFarrukhSiyarMuhammadShahascendsthethrone.InSind
theKalhorascametopowerunderNurMuhammadKalhora.
1722: SaadatKhanfoundtheindependentstateofOudh.BattleofGulnabadbetweentheAfghansand
thePersians.ThePersiansweredefeatedandtheAfghansunderShahMahmudbecamethe
mastersofagreaterpartofPersia.ShahHussaintakencaptive,accessionofShahTahmaspII.
1730: ZanzibarfreedfromPortugeseruleandoccupiedbyOreart.
1747: AhmadShahDurraniestablishedAfghanruleinAfghanistan.
1752: DeathofShahAbdulLatifBhitai,writerofSassiPannu,SohniMahinwalandUmerMarvo.
1752: AhmedShahDurranicapturedPunjab,KashmirandSind.
1761: DeathofShahWaliullahDehlavi.
1761: BattleofPanipat.AhmadShahDurranicametoIndiaattheinvitationofShahWaliullah
DehlaviandsmashedrisingMarathapowerinthebattleofPanipat.
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1764: ConversiontoIslamofAreadiGaya.rulerofFutaBanduStateinWestSudan.
1773: DeathofAhmadShahDurrani.
1783: EndofKalhoraruleinSind.
1797: DeathofMuhammadKhanQachar,kingofPersia.
1797: RussiaoccupiedDaghestan.
1799: RanjitSinghdeclaredhimselfMaharajahofPunjabdefeatingAfghans.
1799: KhoqanddeclaredindependentIslamicState.

19thCentury(18001899)C.E.
1803: ShahAbdulAzizibnSaudassassinatedbyaShiafanatic.ShahShujaproclaimedasKingof
Afghanistan.
1805: IbnSaudcapturedMadinahdefeatingtheTurkgarrison.
1804: OthmanDanFodioestablishedIslamicStateofSokotoinCentralSudan.
1805: FaraizimovementlaunchedinBengal.MuhammadAliappointedPashaofEgyptbytheTurks.
1806: KhanateofKhivacameintolimelightundertheruleofMuhammadRahimKhan.
1807: DarqawisectrevoltedagainstTurkishdomination.TunisiarepudiatedsuzeraintyofAlgeria.
1811: BirthofAliMuhammadBabfounderofBabmovement.
1811: BritishoccupiedIndonesia.
1812: MadinafelltoEgyptians.
1813: MakkahandTaifcapturedbyEgyptianforcesandSaudisexpelledfromHijaz.
1814: IranexecutedtreatyofalliancewiththeBritishknownasDefinitiveTreaty.
1814: DeathofIbnSaudII.
1814: KingOthmanofTunisiaassassinatedbyhiscousinMahmud.
1816: BritishwithdrewfromIndonesiarestoringittotheDutch.
1822: DeathofMaulayIsmailinMorocco.
1827: MalayabecameapreserveoftheBritishaccordingtoAngloNetherlandtreatyin1824.
1828: RussiadeclaredwaragainstTurkey.
1829: TreatyofAdrianople.
1830: FrenchforceslandednearAlgiersandoccupiedAlgeriaending313yearsruleofTurks.
1831: SyedAhmadBarelviandShahIsmailleadersofJihadmovementinIndiafellfightingtheSikhs
inBalakot.
1832: TurksdefeatedinthebattleofKoniabyEgyptianforces.
1832: SayyidSaid,KingofOman,shiftedhiscapitaltoZanzibar.
1834: AbdulQadirrecognisedasruleroftheareaunderhiscontrolbytheFrench.
1839: DefeatofTurkeybytheEgyptiansinthebattleofNisibin.
1840: QuadrupleAlliancebytheEuropeanpowerstoforceEgypttorelinquishSyria.
1840: BritishfreesoccupiedAden.
1841: StateofAdamawaestablishedbyAdamsadjacenttoNigeria.
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1842: AmirAbdulQadir,oustedfromAlgeriabytheFrench.crossedovertoMorocco.
1842: ShahShujaassassinatedendingtheDurraniruleinAfghanistan.
1847: AmirAbdulQadirsurrendredtoFranceundertheconditionofsafeconducttoaMuslim
countryofhischoicebutFranceviolateditspledgeandsenthimasacaptivetoFrance.
1849: DeathofMuhammadAlipasha.
1850: AliMuhammadBabarrestedandexecutedbyIraniangovernment.QurratulAinTabira,a
renownedpoetessandstaunchadvocateofBabismalsoshotdead.
1852: ReleaseofAmirAbdulQadirbyNapoleanIII.HesettledinTurkey.
1855: KhivaannexedbyRussia.
1857: BritishcapturedDelhiandeliminatedMughalruleinIndiaafter332years.LastMughal
EmperorBahadurShahZafarwasexiledtoRangooninBurma.Thiswasalsotheendof1000
yearsofMuslimruleoverIndia.
1859: ImamShamillaiddownarmsbeforeRussianforcesandtheIslamicStateofDaghestanbecame
aRussianprovince.
1860: MaulayMuhammaddefeatedbySpain.
1861: DeathofSultanAbdulMajidofTurkey.
1862: FaraizimovementfizzledoutafterthedeathofDaduMiyan..
1865: KhoqandStateliquidatedbyRussia.
1869: JamaluddinAfghaniexiledfromAfghanistan.HeproceededtoEgypt.
1871: TunisiarecognisedsuzeraintyofTurkeythroughaFirman.
1876: BritainpurchasedsharesofKhedivIsmailintheSuezcanalandgotinvolvedinEgyptian
affairs.
1878: TurkeyhandedoverCyprustoBritain.
1878: AdrianoplefelltoRussia.
1879: JamaluddinAfghaniexiledfromEgypt.
1879: TreatyofBerlin.Turkeylost4/5thofitsterritoryinEurope.
1881: FranceinvadedTunisiaandtheBeyacknowledgedsupremacyofFranceasaresultofthetreaty
ofBardo.
1881: MuhammadAhmaddeclaredhimselfMahdiinnorthernSudan.
1882: EgyptcameunderBritishmilitaryoccupation.
1883: DeathofAmirAbdulQadirinDamascus.
1885: MuhammadAhmaddeclaredfreeGovernmentofSudanunderhisrule.
1885: DeathofMahdiSudanifivemonthsaftertheoccupationofKhartum.
1890: EndofBanbaraState.
1895: AfghanistangotWakhancorridorbyanunderstandingwithRussiaandBritishIndiamaking
AfghantouchChina.
1895: MirzaGhulamAhmadofQadianclaimedprophethood.
1897: StateofBagirimioccupiedbytheFrench,
1899: FallofMahdiStateoccupiedbytheBritishandtheEgyptiansjointly.
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20thCentury(19001992)C.E.
1901: IbnSaud(AbdalAziz)capturesRiyad.
1901: FrenchforcesoccupyMorocco.
1904: MoroccobecomesaFrenchprotectorateundertheConferenceofAlgeciras.
1904: ThePresianconstitutionispromoted.
1905: ThebeginningoftheSalafiyyahmovementinPariswithit'smainsphereofinfluenceinEgypt.
1907: ThebeginningoftheYoungTurksmovementinTurkey.
1912: ThebeginningoftheMuhammadiyyahreformmovementinIndonesia.
1914: UnderOttomanrule,secretArabnationalistsocietiesareformed.
1914: WorldWarI.
1916: ArabrevoltagainstOttoman(Turkish)rule.LawrenceofArabialeadsattacksontheHijaz
Railway.
1918: ArmisticesignedwithOttomansonOctober30.
1918: WorldWarIendsonNovember11.
1918: SyriaandDamascusbecomeaFrenchprotectorate.
1921: AbdAllahbinHusayninmadeKingofTransjordan.HisfatherwastheSharifofMecca.
1921: FaysalbinHusaynismadeKingofIraq.HisfatherwastheSharifofMecca.
1921: AbdalKarimleadsarevoltagainstcolonialruleinMoroccanRif,anddeclaresthe"Republic
oftheRif".
1922: MustafaKemalabolishestheTurkishSultanate.
1924: TheTurkishCaliphateisabolished.
1924: KingAbdalAzizconquersMeccaandMedina,whichleadstotheunificationoftheKingdoms
ofNajdandHijaz.
1925: RezaKhanseizesthegovernmentinPersiaandestablishesthePahlavidynasty.
1926: AbdalAziz(IbnSaud)assumestitleofKingofNajdandHijaz.
1927: DeathofZaghlul,anEgyptiannationalistleader.
1928: Turkeyisdeclaredasecularstate.
1928: HasanalBannafoundstheMuslimBrotherhood.
1932: IraqgrantedindependencebyLeagueofNations.
1934: WarbetweenKingAbdalAzizandImamYahyaoftheYemen.
1934: PeacetreatyofTa'if.
1934: AsirbecomespartofSaudiArabia.
1935: IranbecomestheofficialnameofPersia.
1936: IncreasedJewishimmigrationprovokeswidespreadArabJewishfightinginPalestine.
1939: WorldWarII.
1941: BritishandRussianforcesinvadeIranandRezaShahisforcedtoabdicateinfavorofhisson
MohammadRezaShahinIran.
1943: BeginningofZionistterroristcampaigninPalestine.
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1945: EndofWorldWarII.
1946: Jordan,Lebanon,andSyriaaregrantedindependencefromBritainandFrance.
1947: CreationofPakistanfromMuslimMajorityareainIndia.
1948: CreationofstateofIsrael.ArabarmiessufferdefeatinwarwithIsrael.
1949: HasanalBanna,leaderoftheMuslimBrotherhood,isassassinated.
1951: Libyabecomesindependent.
1952: KingFaruqofEgyptforcedtoabdicate.
1953: GeneralZahedileadscoupagainstMusaddeq,Shahreturnstopower.
1953: DeathofKingAbdalAziz(IbnSaud)ofSaudiArabia.
1953: ThefoundationstoneislaidtoenlargetheProphet'smosqueinMedina.
1956: Moroccobecomesindependent.
1956: Tunisiabecomesindependent.
1957: TheBeyofTunisiaisdeposed,andBourguibabecomesbecomespresident.
1957: EnlargementoftheHaraminMeccabegins.
1962: Algeriabecomesindependent.
1962: DeathofZaydiImamofYemen(Ahmad).CrownPrinceBahrsuccedshimandtakesthetitle
ImamMansurBiLlahMuhammad.
1965: MalcomXisassassinated.
1968: TheenlargementoftheHaraminMeccaiscompleted.
1969: KingIdrisofLibyaisoustedbyacoupledbyColonelQadhdhafi.
1973: KingZahirShahofAfghanistanisoverthrown.
1975: DeathofElijahMohammad,leaderofNationofIslamamongAfricanAmericansinNorth
America.
1975: WallaceWarithDeenMohammadassumesleadershipofNationofIslamandshiftsmovement
towardIslamicOrthodoxyrenamingitAmericanMuslimMission.
1978: ImamMusaSadrisapparentlyassassinatedafterhedisappearsonatriptoLibya.Hewasthe
religiousleaderoftheLebaneseTwelveImamShi'ites.HepromotedtheresurgenceofShi'ites
inLebanonandsetthefoundationofAmal.
1979: TheShahleavesIranonJanuary15,thusbringingthePahlavidynastytoanend.
1979: On1MuharramAH1400/21November,thefirstdayofthe15thIslamiccentury,fanaticsled
bystudentsoftheTheologicalUniversityofMedinaattempttopromoteoneoftheirgroupas
MahdiandthusfulfillacertainpropheticHadith:"AmanofthepeopleofMedinawillgoforth,
fleeingtoMecca,andcertainofthepeopleofMeccawillcometohimandwillleadhimforth
againsthiswillandswearfealtytohimbetweentherukn(BlackStonecorneroftheKabah)and
theMaqamIbrahim."TheyholdtheHaramofMeccaagainstthearmyfortwoweeks.Sixty
threeofthe300fanaticsarecapturedalive,themosqueisrecovered,andtheconspiratorsareall
puttodeath.
1980: BeginningoftheIranIraqwar.
1989: IranIraqcomestoanendwithmuchlossoflife.
1990: MilitaryannexationofKuwaitbyIraq,underBa'athistleaderSaddamHussain,isreversedin
1991byacoalitionofUnitedStatesledforces.
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