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itlr lhql'ul'a,,"es;rnd lo rnetsur,e thc angles +l'incidencc nntl reflecticn lr,'ith

298

'The rval'e
tlx&t $trikij$ ttr* hor-rndar;ir itr nttjllir.tui I is ihe inr:idt'ir! l'v;tl.'*..;ltltJ fh*
*ugle it ruukps lr,ith fhe hounetar.i iit[fllace {.81) i.i ll:': tlngl,; ulirrcidemc*. T}ac
1r,,i11,'c

tlie

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rherefirrr;. ils t:han11g in ",'illc'citr,'irr r,tccttnttlnt:i*iJ ]:ry i.r *hangu i11 !15 11:11r*:1t:ngfh. In th* dilgm.ir], tltc,,i,,itr,rrir:n$Itit,in mc,.liuiu ,1. is lcss tlitil t.hc r;,iir-r,'r:lengfh nl mi;,"liuur i {1,.: t; conscqricntl'\,'. thr: spceti t-i'Lite ',i';tr,'e in nltdir"rnr ] is
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irr ; string is l,il. r.nctcr.s ilcn $*cnnd
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iurri. thr; energl' t'ri' th o p sr: r,riil I b,,t
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lnd ,iliu.ei:tion"

i
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tli lul::.cr
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rei|luf*d i,l) bttth r*t]di;fijrt iiltd i:fllirirtilcd

r,l) relr;rcl,:d hut nut re flected {4'} neitlle r fcflc*ti-:{.l rni.)r ccf l'ilil|rd
| [ ) rsti,ir{]tf Li h{rt xrot

}T

;.r;{..'\ Lruisrl irer,'e1ing illoni-r i} sh'etched spninrg iii n,l1'i*utcd ii:unr

l'ireri

*:rtl Llilrut*red lu tlie

lpctri .rit.'r' r-;l'lccLir-rtt

(l)
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pulsr:'s sFl*rld {r';fir11;r

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l gr*atcr

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(11

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mer-iil"rrtr I irl {).1)l t'xiri.lt!::r'. l-lLrt tir:i:lucnul' r.:1'lrlth n,u'aues is lL] herLi.

1"

-*i

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'l-h,l ch*ngr- rn thc dil'cction oIihe,,vl.rlie liorrts is cli]cil

1 1) relrncti'on [] lr rlisptrsrorr (31 r{i1}iactitru i,+i r.'llcctiorl

\--'-

iffi

through vl,ilch poitt u'ill thc rily t"nost likciy pass'i

rl

l,Uqgqnl
Mediunr 1

{lQ" li-'ol"uparccl tLr rlic spr'rr{.1 ")t'lhtl

\!'a\'es ir[ rurediirm [ 1s

{ !i onu-hal l'nri grdttr.
{l') lhe samc

.,',' B

(]j I

r
'lr

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7{,}.

li'itngl* {Ji

5l

1l
(l)

(+)

xl,r-,rlirt

rl,ecr:ens':

\!iltrs in rlc-riiurn !.

,lrnc-h*il

i1s

lhe sper:d rrf'th'-

(3)

trvice {s great
t4.i -{ timcs as Ereat

incrcaseti. nngle 01 rryou[d

il l irrcrcase (3i

ri:nrrin

th,,: siinle

{iolripar,;d t,it lJr* pen+rl ct rhe,,r,il\,es in medirrm

tltc urates ir' rnr:ciirtnl 1 ls
i

{l) ('
J to

l.

A/

(1) ['

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(+)

-: /
:-)-

[n thc ciiugrirrn lrelolv, r'tr1' .trt] is incitlcnt on surfhcc "t )'- nt pcinl ,9. Itr'
fite t:orrespr:rnding w'ar"c is traveling more ri:rpidlv in mediurrr I thau

in rncdiurn

anr.1

I,

(3) tw'icc ils grcdt

(4) 4 times a$ greol

grcill

1lxe r,a!l1r

Jt/

the pcnotl tit

il il il il'r
irrrrr,
(

I)

'l"llctt

is lrtlrr{. ;tlvllY' lrtlttt lltt: frilft;tl

fhc slrccd ttt N{:i "&ll\tl lllls

dccritrrriurl

l2)

incrL:rlst:tl

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il 1t il'f'r
\11 iir'.' I r, 1 jr'!, I l,i l') tlrl.lti.t)l

r""tt1l:t tttrlr

1,\,tr,r'ii trlt1

rr,.:r'r'llLilturi

ll.rri.r !ll.irnrJ

rr,r.r

'

,/l!, [t*fl.llrltitl|r L)l'l[ ,i,r,,111r'9 is ,*lrused ]:1,,' ;I ',iliLilililf i.n illr1;) wa\'e'ili
pnrul* il i iipri:*lJ
( 1 ) ainplitud'; Il ) il'eqtir:nc1' 1.'i ir
7ii}"

D6.lernrng

t3qql

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iI I ttsl l ll[.r.:s
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,itil riltut-{.ti.l$e ui wit\,$

ii.il.l"l llltlC1il.Liil [n \\,?I\/rJ

\n

.t\r,r';i.[\,'

Iiirrth saf,;:itilrr i.Ll ,*rhit rnliis a rildir; sigrul o1'constaut Ni.r:{i,fLnpur,;:r.1 to fftru i:milted ll'r:qlrencv. th0 tiequr:rrc'.'r Lrf the

li-X{-r$i'r[.'r.

::::--:--'-_--::-:

riv ar/

I 1c'w,er es fl'i,r satci1itr.{"r approaches

t,l) r"mitil'cctr:d ll1' x5r- satt'ilitg's mu{ion
B&se.,roLrr itrnsr,,\rilr$ tr;r rqur;:stion$ ${.} i;hn:ugit 8-l un rhe diagr:nrn beltrtr,'whicl'l
rfiprpr!'sntr; the l\'ltvtlpiitt{Jnl prcttrr.lr:ed b5i a r''ibrating s(-}urx'cc inor,-ins Iinearitt
in a $hatrlur,,v ftink ,lf irrah;r. Th.e pirttenl is viell,ird tri'*rn s[']crve, atrr"tr ttrll trines
if pr;scni. \i ii1 *' ,lr,::,13

-{.i

(.+)

'r---, .
- -l-i-'

A
,il

. ;=\\

D. , rad)).8

75" A u,al'e spreactrs itrto the regir:u frehinr.{ a barnicr. Ttrris phen'rmenori
is callcd
(

ffi

) rtiflracticn {l )

appcar to be

lii

r,vaves af'ter nilss-

il)

lvill

1i highr:r as th* s*le llitr' trpproaches

1i) highr;rr" uu tLlLr: litte llitc ttto\re$ awa)/
ri

r0 n t$

!\:irich diagrnm best represenls thr: shape {rt tile

ing rhror.igh the openirrg',x

(:)

Ifi d]f

rsirrnirl r***rr,*c{ 1r.,,r strtic'nar1r ohserver

il

Llll-l

ii,*rn l] ,i{ltLrus i}f' $on[ir] 'rt ,r ccri;:tlnnt spcerl.

ir,Jrjl.ri'rrr;r tlf lhc :lolrnti r,r,'111,41 pr"oderccri hy the
${.l{.lrL^1;r, tlte f'rr:r:ilrLr:nr:ti',irlthe sr.rund u,'ars hcard b1'the girl is
{ [ l loril'rir i ,l ) iiigh*r
i3 1 thr sarnc
tli{.rr\,r'lii

'l-.loftt['lxF;r11

';rr;l'':il f16nl:r it1,'prolii:hlttg l1t

,,,,,,,.

lt

i :lt;

I
iHb

T4, The diugranr h*lon' t'eprrlsErnts :![l''i]ight

. pcrl in l tit :r l'rr-ier-

ir:rrrir.r' tn llrr: liitr;r

,ltrt:ltri I'u lti .ttr irlilttr: l)ilr\ll:.1 or,crIrr:irtl.'l ltrs

rct'lei:tion (3) refi'action

(4

interf'erence

"rtr"\7;::
\.-'--'--{.'

?6. \l'hich wave phenr:rnrcnon is lcprescrrted [n lhe rtriugnam helurv'j

t--l

o
U

LJ,iil\

-L-=---

''t.

,,,

fr{f .

Ttre srlurce is rn,Jving

(1)

I
8,[.

([) rcf]nction {"2) dilfi'action {j) rcflu'ctior (-{) intert'erence

,n!

Thr

,,,1
\r/11\

(.2)

t,orr,"ard

point

(3)

(4) r)

e plrLlrrll is an illustrriirlu ot'

(llt elifhaction
{2 } int,erterence

(3) dispersion
{.t) thc l)oppler

ett'ect

ttrle frcquei16r17 of'the wa\,cs obserl'etl at p<lint D. thc

freqnenclr Llf the rravs$ ob$erved at point B is
1i) hm'*r 12) higher (3) th'r same

Cumpilrtd ro

.JIV

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r-ihr)\\'s t,,,lr.l r,val'ss ol-oqLull

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(l (..

(l)

r.rf li'u.r,'i::s

lntur-

-_-//

ll.}

ii6. Which liqt ol'$'n\',jri shr,ril's ctlitll ilrilr'qlcttgt[t llur dilfe lcnt
t]\ ,/J
(+) 1l
( l) .{
ti I L

(1) J
s8

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f"crcncc'l

phusc'r'

ilmpIiflrdo [ili-rt i]rc tn lrltast'l

(+ ) l'r

sho$,r uneqrr*l arrrplitudi: hut th* $,itnlc lldriir,Ll';)

(i) {

[.1 ,l i]

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l,)

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ffi

ffi

89,

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rl) s

tZi

1-l)

l5
1-+l

i:ct',vccn pninfs )'' lild C by- 1-lor'rr' nlarry wn.\'cle"llgths'J

rM

l-)

r]{}. '[he iiiril;rnc{] bett'ucn points J( nred /) diftbrs tturlr ftm distancc
I

JZt-}

puirrt r;uheriJ {lestfilctir,'e interfcrcnce occtu's

t) 1

(,i) ll

IX. ['re p-'tirtri r:l't]tc lu;ti.:s

(2) 2.5 s
{ 1) 1).1:! s

is

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il:lgr;ir.,;:ntii{.lil'*iii; rvitt,r*s ar8 lriltsvf,rse aild il;tr\Jg;t rl.t{lr'}stnfil. iiilr.rHd in

l;itarJ. B*0i:rilrjH li[iht is a nersrlic rrvii\/e, it ]10$ss5$fi$ ihe chara,rleris-

tjnr anrl nr0pBfi!ss of all psricdic i,va',,/rls: r"sflettirr rHfi'ilcli{rfi jntBl.

i'r)t-i:jii{lt}. and d:fJraclinn, dnd il r-'xllibt[s ih* Dcptpler,;ffetl.

"i"le r;l'inciual;rp0iic,ati{lns
r:i nlllecled lirtht lniint,s the usil r:iiirtarirB
prr-isrns,
[-enses,
anrJ fiber'.,rptic bunLllrs tt'r] ttp0ld,itl.rd ilur'r{iltinri[r0r$.
ilations or rflrraciiilri ni light.
llrilrnr:tir:r'r and iiltnrfereflcr: ilffn be demonstrate d l:ri pii$$nr{j li0f t
ihrnr"ilth .1 siilUl#- 0r ij0uhle-sLit an'ange meltt fheriB devicris ,rff[ N,rJ
ililefl til ffist$iLrrs [hB rilJaveien0{h nf Ilgnt. lnterf{]renn* alxi0 r}cr;*rs lruiljt

the relilentecl light trcrn thin lrlrtts iinrl

s{}H|l riil snfrtrJ itubtlles and nii slir;its.

lf innnqlchrrlrratic

Night is ge ne raled

i$ resplrnsii:ln fcr lh*

sc that

al$

ni lhe ilJa),,r;ls

r:r.:inrs
hit,ir:'r

i;l

iBliltl0nship thr-, Llght is sniri 1n he rr:lierenf . i-,iisr]i|]

ipr0dilrfi intcnse heanrs ui coherent light.
ir{lr"ur,ii:ifit [.]hase

KH\' $B;I{lC]'[b',HS
,r\t thc- conch.rsion of this chaprter,vou li'111 lre able r.c,:
" Lleiine tl"re tsrtn polarizalit.vt, irnd cxpiain 1f i1t' pr.,rlnrization r,listingui,lires betlveen tra-n.sverse nnd {ongitudinaI lvll'es.
" [Jrplain lror,n'ref]ection c'rl'ligirrf produces nu hl"lugt: in a plane mlr*
l'ol'. and desr-:ribe the chaurcteristics of sueh an ituilg.-.
' Dcscnibe lrurv images are produccci [r3' sphericl{ rnil'rors, nttci use
fhc rnirror equatioirs to sclve pruble ms re lirtillg f* tircse iiltas*s.
" llraw ray diagruLirs thai iliusnrltrl irtago {bnrtittion by plnnc rtltti

.
"
'

c Lrr'\

r'{.i tri irrElrs,

[i:tplain holl' light reJracts ils it passes fitni otrc ]'ttilLtriuru r* itnolhcL:,
De t'ine fhr: t*rrrr uhsLtlute iwle.v rt!'r:i:ii'tl.'I;{ri/r, iln{j s(}l\'e prohl{imii
using this cancept.
Statc Srir:il's llnu in lirrrtrs of absohlte indices of l'cfl'ectiurl. anitr
llolve prohlsrns nsitrg this *qultitrlr.
t]*t''ins the terrils critit.:tti Lr;rEls untl fttrut iutct'rtttl rtl/a:i.'/ir:rl, anri
rillirne therr to Sne11'ri lalr'.