WATER CYCLE IN THERMAL

POWER PLANTS

VARIOUS WATER QUALITIES

INSIDE THERMAL POWER
PLANT
COOLING WATER (BCW,ACW)
BOILER WATER
CONSUMPTIVE WATER

WATER TREATMENT
PRE-TREATMENT OF RAW WATER
FILTER WATER FOR SOFTENING AND
DM PLNAT
DM WATER FOR BOILER

WHY AND HOW

The purpose of a water treatment
program is to provide heat-exchange
surfaces that are sufficiently intact and
free of deposits so that design
specifications are met. At KSTPS
suspended and soluble water impurities
are removed with the help of PAC (Poly
Aluminium Chloride) while treatment
of organic impurities at raw water &
circulating cooling water is being carried
out with the help of Liquid Chlorine.

WATER FLOW DIAGRAM

RAW
WATE
R

DRINKIN
G
WATER

CLARIFL
OCULAT
OR

U/G
STORA
GE
TANK
SOFTENIN
G PLANT
BCW
MAKE
UP

GRAVIT
Y
FILTER

DM
PLNAT

BOILE
R
MAKE
UP

DM PLANT
For removal of Total Dissolved solids
such as Ca,
Mg, Na,Cl,So4, Alkalinity, Silica etc.

ACF

UCFT

STRON
G ACID
CATION

DM
STORAG
E WATER
TANK

DEGASSE
R

MIXE
D BED

WEAK
BASE
ANIO
N

STRON
G BASE
ANION

COOLING WATER
TO AVOID SCALE FORMATION
TO CONTROL CORROSION
TO CONTROL MICRO BIOLOGICAL
GROWTH
TO CONTROL VACUUM IN
CONDENSER

VARIOUS COOLING WATER

SYSTEMS
ONCE THROUGH COOLING WATER
SYSTEM
OPEN RECIRCULATION COOLING
SYSTEM
CLOSED CYCLE COOLING WATER
SYSTEM

pH
pH is a measure of how acidic/basic water is.
The range goes from 0 - 14, with 7 being neutral.
pHs of less than 7 indicate acidity, whereas a pH
of greater than 7 indicates a base.
pH is really a measure of the relative amount of
free hydrogen and hydroxyl ions in the water.
Water that has more free hydrogen ions is acidic,
whereas water that has more free hydroxyl ions is
basic.
pH is reported in "logarithmic units. Each number
represents a 10-fold change in the acidity/basicity
of the water. Water with a pH of five is ten times
more acidic than water having a pH of six.

Importance of pH
The pH of water determines the
solubility (amount that can be
dissolved in the water) and biological
availability (amount that can be
utilized by aquatic life) of chemical
constituents such as nutrients
(phosphorus, nitrogen, and carbon)
and heavy metals (lead, copper,
cadmium, etc.).