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CURS 03.1-Boala Macrovasculara Si Riscul CV in DZ
CURS 03.1-Boala Macrovasculara Si Riscul CV in DZ
DIABETUL ZAHARAT.
EVALURAREA RISCULUI
CARDIOVASCULAR LA PACIENII CU
DIABET ZAHARAT.
Diabetic
retinopathy
Leading cause
of blindness
in adults1
Diabetic
nephropathy
Leading cause of
endstage renal
disease2
Diabetic
neuropathy
Leading cause
of nontraumatic
lower extremity
amputations2
MACROVASCULAR COMPLICATIONS
MICROVASCULAR COMPLICATIONS
Cardiovascular
disease
65%of individuals
with diabetes die
from CV events2
Peripheral
arterial Disease
Prevalence of 29% in
diabetic people
> 50 years3
Most complications arise from damage to small blood vessels and narrowing of
large arteries (atherosclerosis) associated with chronic hyperglycaemia.
Tight control of glycaemia may prevent these complications.
3
1. Cheung N et al. Lancet 2010; 376: 12436. 2. Deshpande AD, et al. Phys Ther 2008; 88:1254-1264.
3.American Diabetes Association; Diabetes Care 2003;26:33333341,
Boala coronarian
Infarct miocardic
Boala arterial
periferic
Insuficien cardiac
congestiv
Orice boal
cardiovascular
Deces cauzat de
boala
cardiovascular
5
6
50
40
P<0.001
30
20.2
18.8
20
10
P<0.001
3.5
0
Prior MI
No prior MI
Prior MI
No prior MI
Nondiabetic subjects
Diabetic subjects
(n=1373)
(n=1059)
9
BOALA CEREBROVASCULAR
accidentele vasculare cerebrale sunt de
3 ori mai frecvente la diabetici dect la
nediabetici;
mortalitate crescut;
frecvena crete cu vrsta, cu durata
diabetului, cu prezena hipertensiunii
arteriale i cu gradul dezechilibrului
metabolic;
mai frecvente la femei dect la brbai.
14
FACTORII DE RISC
CARDIOVASCULAR
15
17
18
INFARCT MIOCARDIC
FATAL SAU NONFATAL
INFARCT MIOCARDIC
FATAL
TAD
TAD
HbA1c
Fumat
HbA1c
TAS
Fumat
HbA1c
19
Risk Factor
Type 1
Type 2
++
++
++
++
++
++
++
+
Dyslipidemia
Hypertriglyceridemia
Low HDL
Small, dense LDL
Increased apo B
Hypertension
Hyperinsulinemia/insulin resistance
Central obesity
Family history of atherosclerosis
Cigarette smoking
20
Prevalen
HTA
Colesterol total
crescut
Obezitatea
Fumat
hipertensiunea arterial
hipercolesterolemia
fumatul
diabetul zaharat
22
obezitatea abdominal
microalbuminuria
reducerea ratei de filtrare glomerular
disfuncia endotelial
biomarkeri (de exemplu proteina C reactiv
cu specificitate crescut i ali markeri de
inflamaie: fibrinogen, amiloid A seric, PAI-1,
f. von Willebrand, vscozitatea plasmatic,
albumina, neutrofile, alte citokine - IL1, IL6 )
Hoffmeister A et al. Am J Cardiol. 2001;87:262-266. Saito I et al. Ann Intern Med. 2000;133:8191. Koukkunen H et al. Ann Med. 2001;33:37-47
23
Insulinorezisten
Status protrombotic
Creteri ale markerilor
inflamatori
24
25
26
RISCUL CARDIOMETABOLIC
Kahn, et al. The Metabolic Syndrome: Time for a Critical Appraisal: Joint Statement From the American Diabetes
Association and the EKahn, et al. The Metabolic Syndrome: Time for a Critical Appraisal: Joint Statement From the
American Diabetes Association and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes Diabetes Care. 2005;28 (9)228927
2304. uropean Association for the Study of Diabetes Diabetes Care. 2005;28 (9)2289-2304.
Exces ponderal/obezitate
LDL
ApoB
HDL
Trigliceride
Vrsta
Gene
Insulinorezisten
Sindrom metabolic
Lipidele TA
Glicemia
?
Risc
cardiometabolic
Risc global DZ i b. CV
Fumat,
Sedentarism
HTA
Diabetes.org/CMR
Vrst, ras,
sex, AHC
Inflamaie
Hipercoagulabilitate
28
SINDROMUL METABOLIC
OBEZITATE
INSULINOREZISTEN I
TULBURRI DE GLICOREGLARE
D
iabet
Diabet
zaharat
zaharat tip
tip 22
DISLIPIDEMIE
Boli
Boli
cardiovasculare
cardiovasculare
HIPERTENSIUNE ARTERIAL
29
2x
Sindrom
metabolic
Boli
cardiovasculare
3x
5x
Diabet zaharat de
tip2
30
31
ESTIMAREA RISCULUI
CARDIOVASCULAR
32
35
SCORUL FRAMINGHAM
dezvoltat pe o populaie american
6 factori de risc: sex, vrst, starea de
fumtor, colesterol total, HDL col, TAS
Risc:
sczut (sub 10%);
moderat (10-20%);
crescut (mai mare egal 20%)
avantaje: uor de folosit
dezavantaje: subestimeaz riscul la
persoanele cu mai muli factori de risc
exprimai moderat sau un singur factor de
risc puternic exprimat
36
Step 1: Age
Step 6: Adding Up the Points
Systolic BP
(mm Hg)
<120
120-129
130-139
140-159
160
HDL-C
(mg/dL)
60
Points
-1
50-59
40-49
<40
Points
if Untreated
0
0
1
1
2
Points
if Treated
0
1
2
2
3
37
Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment o
Blood Cholesterol in Adults. JAMA. 2001;285:2486
38
Years
20-34
35-39
40-44
45-49
50-54
55-59
60-64
65-69
70-74
75-79
Points
-7
-3
0
3
6
8
10
12
14
16
Age
Total cholesterol
HDL-cholesterol
Systolic blood pressure
Smoking status
Point total
Note: Risk estimates were derived from the experience of the Framingham Heart Study, a
predominantly Caucasian population in Massachusetts, USA.
39
40
Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment
of High
Cholesterol in Adults. JAMA. 2001;285:2486
DIAGRAMELE SCORE
populaie european
pentru Romnia se aplic cele pentru regiunile cu
risc crescut
5 factori de risc: sex, vrst, starea de fumtor,
colesterol total, TAS
Risc:
sczut (sub 1%);
moderat (1-5%);
crescut (mai mare sau egal 5%)
DIAGRAMELE SCORE
42
SCORUL UKPDS
specific pentru persoanele cu DZ tip 2
predicii pentru morbiditate i mortalitate
coronarian i cerebrovascular
utilizeaz 10 factori de risc: sex, vrst, durata
diabetului, etnicitatea, prezena fibrilaiei
atriale, starea de fumtor, Hb A1c, colesterolul
total, HDL colesterolul i TA sistolic
clase de risc:
sczut (<15%),
moderat (15-30%)
crescut (30%).
43
44
45
Secondary
Prevention
Other Atherosclerotic
Manifestations
46
PREVENIA I MANAGEMENTUL
BOLII CARDIOVASCULARE
Optimizarea stilului de via
Controlul glicemic
Controlul hipertensiunii arteriale;
Managementul dislipidemiei;
Agenii antiplachetari;
Renunarea la fumat
47
MULTUMESC PENTRU
ATENIE!
48