Chapter 8A - PHP Pre-Built Function

ChapterEight
PHPAdvancedPartI
M.R.M.Rosman|http://rahimi.uitm.edu.my
byM.R.M.Rosman
FreePowerpointTemplates
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Copyright 2012 M.R.M. Rosman. All right reserved to

respective owner. No part of this publication may be
reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means,
including,butnotlimitedto,theprocessofscanningand
digitization, or stored in a database or retrieval system,
withoutthepriorwrittenpermissionoftheowner.
withoutthepriorwrittenpermissionoftheowner.
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Introduction
Thischapterwillcover:
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CHAPTEREIGHT
DATE()FUNCTION
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PHPDate()Function
The PHP date() function formats a timestamp to a

morereadabledateandtime.
AtimestampisthenumberofsecondssinceJanuary
1,1970at00:00:00GMT.Thisisalsoknownasthe
UnixTimestamp
Syntax:
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PHPDateFormattheDate
The first parameter in the date() function
specifieshowtoformatthedate/time.
It uses letters to represent date and time
formats:
dThedayofthemonth(0131)
mThecurrentmonth,asanumber(0112)
YThecurrentyearinfourdigits
<html>
<head><title>Example1</title></head>
<body>
<?php
echodate("d/m/Y")
?>
</body></html>
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Parameter
Description
Thedayofthemonth(from01to31)
Atextualrepresentationofaday(three
letters)
Thedayofthemonthwithoutleadingzeros
(1to31)
Afulltextualrepresentationofaday
Thedayoftheyear(from0through365)
TheISO8601weeknumberofyear
(weeksstartingonMonday)
Afulltextualrepresentationofamonth
(JanuarythroughDecember)
Anumericrepresentationofamonth(from
01to12)
Ashorttextualrepresentationofamonth
(threeletters)
Anumericrepresentationofamonth,
withoutleadingzeros(1to12)
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Parameter
Description
Thenumberofdaysinthegivenmonth
Whetherit'saleapyear(1ifitisaleap
year,0otherwise)
Afourdigitrepresentationofayear
Atwodigitrepresentationofayear
Lowercaseamorpm
UppercaseAMorPM
12hourformatofanhour(1to12)
Minuteswithleadingzeros(00to59)
Seconds,withleadingzeros(00to59)
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DateDefaultTimezone
Sometimes its necessary to

declaredefaulttimezone.
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Example
<html>
<body>
<?php
date_default_timezone_set('Asia/Kuala_Lumpur')
echodate("d/m/Y")
echo"<br>".date("D")
echo"<br>".date("H:s")
?>
</body></html>
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Source:http://php.net/manual/en/function.date.php
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CHAPTEREIGHT
SERVERSIDEINCLUDES
(SSI)
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ServerSideIncludes
The include() and require() function
can be use to insert banner, menu,
specific code, functions, footers, or
anycontentoffileintoPHP(similarto
theconceptofexternalCSS)
Thedifferencesbetweenthosetwois
thewaytheyhandleerrors.Include()
generate warning but continue
executing the codes while require()
generatesafatalerror.
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WhySSI?
Save the developer a considerable
amountoftime.
Allow you to create standard design
tobereusedwithinyourproject.
Updating is easier because can just
updatingasinglefile.
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CHAPTEREIGHT
INCLUDE()FUNCTION
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include()function
The include() function takes all

the text in a specified file and
copies it into the file that uses
theincludefunction.
theincludefunction.
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Example
test.php
menu.php
Create2newPHPFiles
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test.php
<html>
<body>
<?php
include("menu.php")
echo"<br>WelcometoMyPersonalSystem"
?>
</body></html>
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menu.php
<ahref="index.php">Home</a>|
<ahref="biodata.php">Biodata</a>|
<ahref="education.php">Education</a>|
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CHAPTEREIGHT
REQUIRE()FUNCTION
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Therequire()Function
The require() function is similar
to include(), they only handle
errorsdifferently.
The require() function generates
a fatal error and the script
execution will stop after the
error.
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Comparison
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CHAPTEREIGHT
FILEUPLOAD
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UploadingFile
Uploading file is possible with
PHP.
Restrictions on upload is
compulsory as uploading files is
considerasasecurityrisk.
Allowonlytrusteduserstodoso
and keep track the type of files
thattheycanupload
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Example
Refer to Introduction to
PHP
Projects:
A
beginners handbook,
pages2930.
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UploadingFile
The enctype is declared within
form tag to specify the type of
contentwhenyousubmittheform
"multipart/formdata" is used when
a form requires binary data, like
the contents of a file, to be
uploaded
The type="file" attribute of the
<input>tagspecifiesthattheinput
shouldbepossessedasafile.
When viewed in a browser, there
willbeabrowsebuttonnexttothe
inputfield
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PHP$_FILES
Global PHP $_FILES array can be used to upload
filesintoserver.
Thefirstparameteristheform'sinputnameandthe
second index can be either "name", "type", "size",
"tmp_name"or"error.
Parameter
Description
$_FILES["file"]["name"]
The nameoftheupload file
$_FILES["file"]["type"]
The type of the file upload (Such as

JPEG,GIF)
$_FILES["file"]["size"]
The sizeinbytesoftheuploaded file
$_FILES["file"]["tmp_name"]
The name of the temporary copy of

thefilestoredontheserver
$_FILES["file"]["error"]
The error code resulting from the file

upload
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Example2
gallery.php
<html>
<head><title>FileUpload</title></head>
<body>
<formname="form1"method="post"action="upload.php"enctype="multipart/formdata">
<tablewidth="291"border="0"align="center">
<tr><tdwidth="61">Name</td><tdwidth="12">:</td>
<tdwidth="204"><inputname="stuName"type="text"id="stuName"></td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Picture</td><td>:</td><td><inputtype="file"name="gambar"></td></tr>
<tr><tdcolspan="3"><divalign="center"><inputtype="submit"name="Submit"
value="Submit"></div></td>
</tr>
</table>
</form>
</body></html>
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Example2(cont)
upload.php
<?php
$stuName=$_POST["stuName"]
move_uploaded_file($_FILES["gambar"]["tmp_name"],"upload/".$_FIL
ES["gambar"]["name"])
echo"<imgsrc='upload/".$_FILES["gambar"]["name"]."'width='100'
height='100'><br>"
echo"StudentName$stuName"
echo"<br>Upload:".$_FILES["gambar"]["name"]
echo"<br>Size:".$_FILES["gambar"]["size"]
echo"<br>Type:".$_FILES["gambar"]["type"]
echo"<br>DataUploadSuccessfully"
?>
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RestrictionsonUpload
Allowing file upload without
restriction is a risky activities
unless you are the administrator
ofthesite.
Restriction can be made upon
file size, file type, or any other
criteria's.
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Restrictionbasedonfiletype
<?php
if($_FILES["gambar"]["type"]=="image/pjpeg")
{
move_uploaded_file($_FILES["gambar"]["tmp_name"],"upload/".$_FILES["gambar"]["name"])
echo"<imgsrc='upload/".$_FILES["gambar"]["name"]."'width='100'height='100'><br>"
}
else
{
echo"FileuploadonlysupportJPEG!"
}
?>
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Restrictionbasedonfilesize
<?php
if($_FILES["gambar"]["size"]>"20000")
{
move_uploaded_file($_FILES["gambar"]["tmp_name"],"upload/".$_FILES["gambar"]["name"])
echo"<imgsrc='upload/".$_FILES["gambar"]["name"]."'width='100'height='100'><br>"
}
else
{
echo"Fileuploadexceed20000bytes!"
}
?>
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ByteConversionChart
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MIMEFileTypePg.1
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MIMEFileTypePg.2
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MIMEFileTypePg.3
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MIMEFileTypePg.4
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CHAPTEREIGHT
USINGCOOKIES
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PHPCookie
Cookie is used to identify the
personwhologonintoasystem.
Its used to kept a unique
identifier so that it can be used
many times until the person log
outfromthesystem.
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Page41
Higuys!!Doyou
knowwhat
happenedafteryou
pressthelogin
button?
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Whenyoupress
thebutton,your
usernameand
passwordwillbe
senttoascript
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Authenticateduser
willbepromptinto
mainpageafter
successfullogin
whilebadlogin
usuallyprompted
backintologinpage
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Step1
Then,howshouldI
recognizetheperson
whoentermy
system?Hmm,lets
mecheckhim/her
first.
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Step2
Hi,howareyou?
Fine,thanksfor
asking.
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Step3
Canyougivemeyou
username?
Sure.My
usernameis
siti2010
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Step5
Ok.Ifoundyour
username.Nowgive
meyoupasswordso
thatIknowthatIm
talkingwiththeright
person.
Mypasswordis
eureka90210
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Step6
Ok.Imatchedyou
passwordwithyou
username.Your
nameisSiti Aminah
BtAbdullah.Yourid
is3.Iwillstoredyour
idforreferences.
For wrong password

repeatstep3
Ok.Thanksalot!
Wait,howdoyou
storedmylogin
credentials?
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Step7
Wehavetwooption.
Firstbyusingcookie
COOKIE
andanotherbyusing
session.Wewill
SESSION
storedyoureference
idthatisunique.
Oh,Isee.Thank
youforyourtime!
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Step8
Hi,mynameisSiti.
Nicetomeetyou!
COOKIE identifies the person who

communicatewiththeinformationsystem
Okguys.Thisgirl
isSitiwithID3
fromtbl_user.
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CHAPTEREIGHT
USINGCOOKIE
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COOKIE
Cookie is used to stored unique

identifierofaperson.
The item stored must be unique
andnoduplication.
andnoduplication.
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COOKIE
The PHP $_COOKIE variable is

usedtoretrieveacookievalue.
<?php
echo"MyNameis".$_COOKIE["ujian"]
?>
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Example
<?php
setcookie("ujian","MohamadRahimi",time()+3600)
?>
<html><head><title>UsingCookie</title></head>
<body>
<?phpecho"MyNameis".$_COOKIE["ujian"]
?>
</body>
</html>
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CHAPTEREIGHT
COOKIETUTORIAL
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INSTRUCTION
Createafoldernamelogin1and
fourPHPfiles:
index.php
login.php
main.php
logout.php
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index.php
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login.php
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main.php
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logout.php
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LOGIN
LOGOUT
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UnsupportedBrowsers
There are some browser that

doesnt support cookies. To deal
with this matter there are two
possiblesolutions:
Useformtomovedatafromapage
toanother.
Usesessioncookies
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CHAPTEREIGHT
USINGSESSIONS
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PHPSessionVariables
Session variables allow you to store
data temporarily, just as cookies
does.
The variables or data will be deleted
whenyouleftyourbrowser.
Sessionscreateauniqueid(UID)for
each visitor and store variables
basedonthisUID.
The UID is either stored in a cookie
orispropagatedintheURL.
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StartingaPHPSession
Before you can store user
informationinyourPHPsession,
you must first start up the
session.
The session_start() function
must appear BEFORE the
<html>tag:
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StoringaSessionVariable
You can store value using

$_SESSIONvariables:
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DisplayingaSessionVariable
You dispay value

$_SESSIONvariables:
using
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FreeingSessionVariable
The unset() function is used to free the

specifiedsessionvariable:
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DestroyingaSession
session_destroy()willdestroyorreset
your session and all stored
informationwilllose.
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CHAPTEREIGHT
SESSIONTUTORIAL
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INSTRUCTION
Createafoldernamelogin2and
fourPHPfiles:
index.php
login.php
main.php
logout.php
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index.php
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login.php
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main.php
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logout.php
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LOGIN
LOGOUT
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CHAPTEREIGHT
MAILFUNCTION
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ThePHPmail()Function
The PHP mail() function can be

used to send emails from inside
ascript.
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Parameters
Syntax
Description
to
Required.Specifiesthereceiver/receiversoftheemail
Subjects
Required.Specifiesthesubjectoftheemail
message
Required.Specifiesmessagetobesent.
headers
Optional.SpecifiesheaderslikeFrom,Cc,andBcc
parameters
Optional.Specifiesadditionalparametertosendmail
program.
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PHPSimpleEMail
The simplest way to send an
emailwithPHPistosendatext
email.
Intheexamplebelowwedeclare
the variables ($to, $subject,
$message, $from, $headers),
thenweusethevariablesinthe
mail()functiontosendanemail:
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Exercise
Create a simple upload form to

uploadimageintotherootfolder.
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ChapterEight

Copyright 2012 M.R.M. Rosman. All right reserved to

The PHP date() function formats a timestamp to a

Sometimes its necessary to

The include() function takes all

The nameoftheupload file

The type of the file upload (Such as

The sizeinbytesoftheuploaded file

The name of the temporary copy of

The error code resulting from the file

For wrong password

COOKIE identifies the person who

Cookie is used to stored unique

The PHP $_COOKIE variable is

There are some browser that

You can store value using

You dispay value

The unset() function is used to free the

The PHP mail() function can be

Create a simple upload form to

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