Mwh tF

_wh gUt
bjhF 2

fzF
ma
r_f ma
gidF mW

jehL muR
ytr ghl tHF
l btlglJ

 jehL muR
Kj g
- 2012
Ua g - 2013, 2014
(bghJ ghll btlgl KgUt )

ghl cUthfK bjhF

khy fa Muh kW g Wtd

f rhiy, brid - 600 006.

mrhf

jehL ghl kW fa gf fHf

f rhiy, brid - 600 006.

bt

ghl tiyjs

www.textbooksonline.tn.nic.in
ii

bghUslf
maha

fzF

(1 - 61)

jiy

gf

1.

KGf

2.

nfhitfS rkghLfS

14

3.

Rws gugs

21

4.

Knfhzf

33

5.

brFJnfhL, iznfhLf tiuj

39

6.

tufis ifahSj

43

ilf

58

ma

(62 - 120)

jiy

gf

myF

1.

cdf gtif jik

64

2.

ekJ RWNH

78

3.

mwhl th nta

88

4.

xa

100

iii

r_f ma

(121 - 172)

jiy

gf

myF

Foika
1.

csh

122

2.

kf M kj tsK
kf mthwY

127

a
1.

eh thG

134

2.

ytiuglfS cyf cUil

144

tuyhW
1.

nguuRf njhw

157

2.

Fhd nguuR

164

iv

fzF
Mwh tF
_wh gUt

maha 1

1. KGf

1.1 v isaho xU uid

kfh, lU U gfilfhfisbfhL xU isahL

isahLwhf. xU gfilfh tHfngh 1 UJ 6 tiu vf
Ujd. Mdh kbwh, + kW - Ff kLnk Ujd.

isaho go xU gfilfh + c, kbwh
3 Gjh _W g of Kdh fh efj ntL . - F
k b w h 2 Gjh uL gof dh efj ntL.
isaho go xb t hUtU mt Kiw tU ng hJ uL
jlit cULt hf. 5 RWf Ko Knd Ug tUnf
b t .

kfh Kj cUodh. Kj jlit
+ , 3 Gjd. ulh jlit -, 2 Gjd. 3
gof Kdh ef 2 gof dh
brW mtsJ fhia fl 1 itjh.
l cULnghJ Kj + , 5 mLJ -, 3
Gjd. mtdJ fhia fl 2 itjh.

fh fl
kfh
l

0
0

Kj cUoaJ ulh jlit cUoa

cUoaJ
fh fl
+,3
-,2
1
+,5
-,3
2

thW isaho bfhnl brwd. fil R flthW GjJ.

W RF Kj
K
cUoaJ
kfh
7
-,3
l
4
-,6

ulh jlit cUoa

cUoaJ
W fl
-,2
2
+,3
?

l fhia itg xU uid. mt 4 UJ 6 gof dh
bry Kawh. Mdh, 0 tiu brWL jF dh bry KoahJ!
vW Tdh. mLJ 3 gof Kdh brW, W fl 3 j fhia
itjh. jhnd bt bgwjhf Tdh.

Mdh kfhnth, itjJ jtW. 4 UJ -6 efu
Koaiy vwh vd? mjF g Kj +3, wF -6
efjh c fh fl 1 jhnd UF. mjdh ehnd bt
bgwt vwh.
2

KGf

Ut ah bt bgwt vW f idf?
vnf?
F : isahofhd j maha fil gf bfhLfgLsJ.

F ghj isaho vGj aikahj f vd? ij v f

bfhL J bfhsyh. 7-3 fLof 7 UJ 3 myFf lgf
bry ntL. il4.

1.2 KGf - mKf

vnfho vgo 0F tyw vf k mfwnjh, mJnghynt, ,
mnj ms lw k FiwJbfhnl nghtjhf fUjyh.
v nfho 0F lgf cs vfis - FbfhL Fnwh.
vnfho ty gf cs a vfis nghynt lgfK Ffyh.
lgf cs vf 0Il Fiwthd k bfhljh Fiw KGf
vdgLwd. 0 tygf cs vf if KGf vdgLwd.

tHfkhf if vfis vGJnghJ + FLtiy. +5 vgJ 5 vgJ

xnu vjh. Mdh, Fiw viz - F bfhLjh Fl ntL.

mwhl th J nghw vfis iwa eh gagLJnwh.

filfhu xU bghUis W %. 500 yhg bgWwh vgjid + 500 %. yhg vd
vGjyh. xU bghUis %. 200 elJF wh %. 200 el vgij -200 vW
Flyh.

= + 30cC

jeho ruhr btgiy

mlhofh fl ruhr btgiy = - 25cC

if KGf, a, Fiw KGf Mat bjhF KGf MF.
3

fzF

Mdh, 4-6 fLof, v f 4 bjhl 6 myFf lgf efu

KoahJ. Vbd, aij jho vf iy. 0it jho lgf
efu Kojh j fj fzF il fhz Kokh?

maha 1

1.3

vnfho KGf tir

vnfho fis FgJ vthW vgij Kj eh mJ bfhnth.

-5 vgij vnfho Ff, 0 UJ lwkhf 5 myFf efu ntL.

njngh +3 vgij vnfho Ff 0 UJ tywkhf 3 myFf

efuntL.

vLJfhL : 1

-3, +4 Ma fis v nfho Ff.

vnfho a msila vfis

kLnk F fhonsh. Mdh
v nfho U gfK bjhlJ
oF.

brJghf :
v nfho Ff :
+7, -2, -6, -1, 8, -10

KG vf 5>1 vd eh goUngh.
mjhtJ,

5 > 1 v vnfho 5 vgJ 1 F tyw csJ.

3 > 0 v vnfho
3 vgJ 0F tyw csJ.

0 > -2 v vnfho 0 vgJ -2F tyw csJ.

-3 > -5 v vnfho -3 vgJ -5F tyw csJ.

khwhf,

v nfho -6 vgJ -8 F tyw Ugjh, mjid -6 > -8 vd,

v nfho -2 vgJ -5 F tyw Ugjh, mjid -2 > -5 vd,

TWnwh.
4

KGf
vdnt,
v nfho tyw brybry vf k mfF.
lw brybry vf k Fiw.
xbthU if vQ Fiw vizl mf k cilajhF.
a vgJ if vizl FiwthdjhF.
a vgJ Fiw vizl mfkhdjhF.
0 xU Fiw vzh? myJ if vzh?
mthW iy v 0 vgJ-------------.
brJghf :
bghUjkhd < , > Ffis bfhL uf

2) 5

3) 4

-6 4) -3

vLJfhL : 2

-1 5) -1

:
K
8
4
1
3
6

tU
KGf K,
bjhl fhf.

-7, -3, 0, 4, 7

KGf
7
3
0
4
7

bjhl
6
2
1
5
8

vLJfhL : 3
vnfhil gagL -6 F -1 F il cs KGfis vGJf.
mt vJ bgaJ? vJ aJ? vd TWf.
:

vnfhoUJ,-6 F -1F ilgl KGf -5, -4, -3, -2 MF. t

-2 vgJ -5 F tygf csjh -2 > -5 MF.
~bga v = -2, a v = -5

fzF

1) 6

maha 1
vLJfhL : 4
v nfho
(m) 2 vw lUJ -3I mila lw vjid myFf efuntL?
(M) -5 vw lUJ tyw 4 myFf efjh mil v vd?
:
(m) bfhLfgl viz vnfho Ff,

vdnt, 2UJ -3I mila IJ myFf lwkhf efuntL.

(M) bfhLfgl viz vnfho Ff,

vdnt -5 UJ ehF myFf tyw efu ilF v -1 MF.

g 1.1
1. Gsit rah? jtwh-? vd TWf.
(i) xbthU if viz l a FiwthdjhF.
(ii) aF lw brybry vf k Fiw.
(iii) v nfho -5 vgJ -4 F tyw csJ.
(iv) f a Fiw v -1 MF.
(v) xbthU if vQ Fiw vfisl bgajhF.
2. v nfhil gagL tU KGf bgaJ, aJ fhf.

(i) 7,3

(ii) 5, 3

(iii) 3, 2

(iv) 7, 3

(v) 1, 4

(vi) 4, 7

3. vnfhil gagL tU KGfSF ilgl vfis

vGJf.

(i) 3, 3

(ii) 4, 2

(iii) 1, 1

(iv) 5, 2 (v) 4, 3

(vi) 2, 2

4. vnfhil gagL il fhf.

(i)
-2 F tywkhf 3 myFf efjh ilF v vd?
(ii)
3F lwkhf 7 myFf efjh ilF v vd?
(iii)
5 vw lUJ -3I mila vjid myFf efuntL?
(iv)
-6 vw lUJ -1 I mila vjid myFf efu ntL?
6

KGf

1.4 KGf TlY, fjY

a vfis TLtJngh KGfis Tlyh. Mdh, KGf

Vfdnt + kW - Ff csd. mjdh, uL vfSF eL cs
Tl myJ fj Ffis vnzhL nrJs Fia btntwhf
ghfntL. v.fh: (+5) + (+3) vw fz ulhtJ + FgJ Tl
vD braiy. Mdh, Kj kW _wh + f if viz Fwd.

if vfis TLtJ vJ. (+5) + (+3) vgJ 5+3 vgJ xnu
fzFjh. 5+3 il 8vgjh (+5) + (+3)= 8 vW mayh.

(-1) + (+1) = 0

j mogil NuijbfhL if kW Fiw vf Tl
kW fjiy vjhf fW bfhsyh.

1.4.1. tz gJf gagL Tl

U btntW wbfhl gJfis gagL KGf Tl, fjiy
vjhf Jbfhsyh. y gJ (+1) I, t gJ (-1) I FwJ.
Gs mltiz_y KGfis tz gJf bfhL FLnth.

U vf Tliy nrif vW Jbfhsyh.

(m) +7, + 4 I TLf

mjhtJ, (+7) + (+4) = (+11)

(M) -3, -5 I TLf

mjhtJ (-3) + (-5) = (-8)

7

fzF

Fiw vf Ujh vgo TLtJ ? v f xU vQl 1 I
Todh mjF tyw cs v ilF vW bj. 3 cl 1 Todh
ilF il 4. J 3F mU tyw csJ. bghGJ (-1) cl +1I
Todh vd ilF? mLJ cs v 0 ( a ) jhnd? mJ jh ekF
njitahd il! Mf,

maha 1
eh Kdnu ghjJngh (-1) + (+1) = 0 vw mogil Nuij F gagLj
ntL. mjhtJ, xU y gJ xU t gJ n#ho nrjh, mj n#hoia
lyh.

brJ ghf :
(-2) + (+2) =
(-1) + (+1) =
(-5) + (+5) =

(-3)

(-8) + (+8) =

(+3)

(-3) + (+3) = 0
xnu msyhd if viz, Fiw viz TLnghJ a
ilF. vdnt, mit xWbfhW Tl jiy ( Additive Inverse )
vW miHfgL.

F 3,-3 vgit xWbfhW Tl jiy MF.

bghGJ btntW vifs t gJfis gir gJfis
nrJ ghngh.
m) TLf: (+4), (2)

brJ ghf :

(+4) + (2) = (+2) + (+2) + (2)

(5) + (+2) =

= (+2) + 0

(+4) + (3) =

= (+2)

(2) + (+7) =

` (+4) + (2) = +2

(3) + (5) =

M) TLf: (4) + (+2)

(4) + (+2) = (2) + (2) + (+2)

= (2) + 0
= 2
nkny tzgJfis gagL KGf Tliy fnlh. nghJ
vnfhil gagL KGf Tliy fhngh.
8

KGf

1.4.2. v nfho _y KGf TLj

nghJ v nfho +4 kW +2 I TL Kiwia mnth.

+4 cl +2I TLtjh, 4 bjhl tywkhf 2 myFf efuntL. mgo

efU nghJ, eh mil l +6 MF.
` (+4) + (+2) = +6

(-4) cl (+2)I TLtjh, -4 vw lUJ 2 myFf tyw efjh

eh mil l -2 MF.
` (-4) + (+2) = -2

brJ ghf :

nghJ v nfhil bfhL (-5) cl (+5)I TLnth.

(-5) + (+2) =
(-3) + (+6) =
(+1) + (+4) =
(-3) + (+5) =

(-5) cl (+5) I TLtjh, -5 UJ 5 myFf tywkhf bryntL

mnghJ eh mil l 0 MF. vdnt (-5) + (+5) = 0.
F : if vzhf U tygfkhf, Fiw vzhf U
lgfkhf efUtjhf fUJf.
xU Fiw vQl mnj msyhd if viz ( mjhtJ Tl
jiy) TLnghJ il 0 vgij tz gJf _y ghnjh.
nghJ v nfhL _yK cWbrJnsh.

F 5, -5 vgit

xWbfhW Tl jiy MF.

nghJ -2 cl -4 I TLnth. mjhtJ, (-2) + (-4). bghGJ -2
bjhlf ntL. Mdh, Tlntoa v -4. v -4 vgjh lw
efuntL.
9

fzF

nghJ -4cl +2 I TLnth.

maha 1

(-2) cl (-4) I TLtjh, (-2) vw lUJ 4 myFf lw efjh

eh mil l -6 MF.
~ (-2) + (-4) = -6
nghJ v nfho _y (+4) cl (-3) I TLnth.

(+4) cl (-3) I TLtjh, 4 bjhl lwkhf

3 myFf efu mil l (+1) MF.

brJ ghf :
(-5) + (-2) =

~(+4) + (-3) = (+1) MF.

(-3) + (+6) =
(+1) + (+4) =

1.4.3 tz gJf gagL fj

(+3) + (-5) =

KGf Tl vgo brtJ vW Vfdnt ghnjh. fj braghL

Tl nghynt brayh. vj viz ff ntLnkh, mj Tl
jiyia Todh nghJ.
vLJfhL : 5
id bfhf :

(+5)-(+3) il fhf:
(-3) + (+3) = 0, vgjh
+3 I ff ntL. +3 Tl jiy = -3 -3 , +3 Tl jiy.
ekF bfhLfgl fj fzF: (+5)-(+3)
ij Tl fzfhf kh vGdhY il khwhJ:
(+5) + (-3) Mdh, (+5) + (-3) vthW brantL vW ekF Vfdnt bjnk!

vdnt, (+5) + (-3) = +2 vW mnwh.

bfhLfgl fj fz
il mnj jh.
mjhtJ,

(+5) - (+3) = +2
10

KGf
vLJfhL : 6

(+5)-(-3) il fhf:

(-3) Tl jiy = +3

Mf(+5)-(-3) vd fgjF g (+5) + (+3) vd Todh nghJ.

(+5) + (+3) = +8
vdnt, (+5) (3) = +8

brJ ghf :
(ii) (+7) (+2),

(iii) (7) (+3),

( iv) (5) (+4)

1.4.4 v nfhoid gagL KGf fj

v nfhoid gagL fjnghJ ffntoa
v Tl jiyia Todh nghJ.
vLJfhL : 7

vnfhil gagL f : (-1) - (-4).

-4 Tl jiy = +4

vdnt, (-1) - (-4) vd fgjF g (-1) + (+4) vW Tlyh.

v nfho -1 bjhl +4 Tl, 4 myFf tyw bryntL

bghGJ ehmil l +3. (-1) + (+4) = +3 vd mnwh. vdnt, (-1) - (-4) = +3

vLJfhL : 8

vnfhil gagL f : (-1) - (+4)

+4 Tl jiy = -4

vdnt, (-1) - (+4) vd fgjF g (-1) + (-4) vW Tlyh.

v f -1 bjhl -4 Tl, 4 myFf lw bryntL.

bghGJ eh mil l -5. (-1) + (-4) = -5 vd mnwh. vdnt, (-1) - (+4) = -5

11

fzF

(i) (4) (3),

maha 1

g 3.2
1.

vnfhil gagL TLf.

(i) 8+(4)

2.

vnfhil gagL il fhf.

(ii) (1) + (9)

(iii) (5) +(7)

(iv) 3+(6)

(v) (+4) + (7)

(i) -3Il 4 mf cs v vJ? (ii) -7Il 3 Fiwthf cs v vJ?

3.

TLf:

(i) (10) + (+17)

(ii) (+20) + (13)

(iii) (50) + (-20)

(iv) (+40) + (+70) (v) (+18) + (75)

(vi) (+75) + (75)

(vii) (-30) + (12)

4.

RUFf.

(i) 5 +(7) + (8) + (9)

5.

il fhf.

(i) (+7) (3) (ii) (12) (+5)

(viii) (30) + (22)

(ii) (13) + (12) + (7) + (18)
(iii) (52) (52) (iv) (+40) (+70)

6. xU _ fg 90 MHF brwJ. kbwhU _ fg

110 MHF brwJ.

MHid KGf FLf.

nkY

U MHfSilnaahd ahrij fhf.

7. A, B, C vw _W efuf ruhr btgiy Kiwna -18oC, -23oC, 5oC

MF. t mf F bfhl efu vJ? nkY

i) efu A kW B F ilnaahd btgiy ahr vd?

ii) efu A kW C F ilnaahd btgiy ahr vd?

braghL

1. U KGf TLj +1 tUkhW 10 dhfis mikf.

2. U KGf TLj 0 tUkhW 10 dhfis mikf.
3. U KGf ahr -1 tUkhW 10 dhfis mikf.
4. 0 Kj +9 kW -1 Kj -9 tius KGfis bfhL 5 x 5 rJu
fl xid mikf. mUJ VnjD 5 if kW 5 Fiw
vfis gagL Tl / fj mltizia mikf brf.
5. xU nkhndhuhid cUthf brJ mUJ VnjD U
KGf Tl / fj fzid bra brhy.
12

KGf

Kj gf bfhLfgl uidfhd :
v nfhil aF lw o, Fiw vfis nrJbfhlh
kfhnt bt bgWth. l fil R 4 UJ 6 gof lw
brW -2I milJ, 3gof tyw efJ fil fl 1 fhia
itfntL. kfh fh, fl 2 csjh mtns bt bgwt!
id bfhf.
1. if KGf, a kW Fiw KGf Ma vf bjhF
KGf vdgL.

3. U vf TLj a v xW kbwh Tl jiy

vdgL.
4. if vf TLj if vfshF. Fiw vf TLj Fiw
vf MF.
5. xU if viz xU Fiw viz Todh ilF il
Fiw vzhfnth if vzhfnth akhfnth Ufyh.
6. xU KGUJ kbwhU KGit ff, Kj KGl ulhtJ
KG Tl jiyia TLtJ nghwjhF.

fzFf
1.

xbthU iu, uY fj rkghlhF. 1 Kj 9 tiu cs

vfis bfhL (xnu xU Kiw kL gagL) iw bra.
' , # , + , - F : Tl, fjYF K tFj, bgUf braia
bra.

13

fzF

2. vnfho tyw brybry vf k TL. lw

brybry vf k Fiw.

maha 2

2. nfhitfS rkghLfS
2.1 va kh gF
Tliy bghUJ, uL vf gkhW
1+2 = 2+1 = 3
4+3 = 3+4 = 7
4+5 = 5+4 = 9......
vj uL KG vfis l kh TodhY k khWtiy. vdnt,
khfis gagL a + b = b + a vd vGjyh. a, b vgd VnjD uL KG
vf.
brJ ghf
a,b,c vgd khf v KG vf fz
axb=bxa
1.
a x (b+c) = (a x b) + (a x c) vw f bkah vd
2.
rghf!

2.2 nfhitf
eh K tFf,
11 = (1 x 10) + 1,
12 = (1 x 10) + 2
20 = (2 x 10) + 0
...
nghw v k nfhitfis ghnjh.
j vnfhitf 1, 2, 3 ... Ma vfis kL gagL cnsh.
v nfhitfis cUthf
brafis gagLJnwh.

Tl,

fj,

bgUf,

tFj

vLJfhlhf (4 # 10) + 5 10 I 4 M bgU bgUf gyDl

5 I Tonsh.
nkY, y vnfhitf. (2 # 10) 7, 3 + (7 # 6), (5 # 40) + 8, (6 # 2)+4
khf btntW kfis bgW.
mjF iyahd kiy.
vfSF gagLJ midJ brafis,
(mjhtJ +, , # , ' ) khfSF gagLjyh.
14

nfhitfS rkghLfS
vLJfhL : 1
fhQ TWfis nfhit tot vGJf.
kh mKf

nfhit tot TW

brtf mfy
x myFf vf.

brtf s
(x+3)myFf

2. uF, nrJitl 10
MLf isat.

nrJ taij x
MLf vf.

uF taJ (x10)
MLf.

3. uhFkh taJ
ejnfhgh taij
ngh U klF

ej nfhgh taJ x
MLf vf.

uhFkh taJ 2x
MLf

4. xU ngdh iy,
xU Fngo iy
xU Fngo
iyia l %.9 Fiw %. y vf.

xU ngdh iy
%. (y9)

5. xU tl l
mj Muijngh
U klfhF.

xU tl l
2r myFf

xU tl Mu r
myFf vf.

vLJfhL
: 2
fhQ TWfis nfhit tot vGJf.
fj braghL
Tl

TW
X vQl 10 I TL

nfhit

fj

X vUJ 9I ff

x9

bgUf

X v IJ klF

5x

tFj

xUt khj tUth

eh xU gF

Fiw

bfhLfgl vizl 10
Fiw

x
4

x10

mf

bfhLfgl vizl 15
mf

x+15

klF

uF ta KklF ahJ?

3y

x+10

vLJfhL
: 3
nfhit cUthd jij vGJf.

3m + 4, 3m - 4, 3m , 4m .
4
3
:

I.
II.
III.
IV.

3m + 4
3m - 4
3m
4
4m
3

X v _W klFl 4 I nrf.
X v _W kl UJ 4I Fiwf.
X v _W kl fh ghf.
X v ehF kl, _ xU ghf.
15

fzF

Niy
1. brtf s
mj mfyij l 3
myFf mf.

maha 2
g 2.1
1. Gstiw nfhitfshf khWf.
(i) x cl 7I TLf.
(ii) yUJ 10I ff.
(iii) y _W klUJ 8 I ff.
(iv) X v _W kl miu ghf.

2. nfhit cUthd jij vGJf.

2y
5y
(i) 2y + 5
(ii) 2y 5
(iii)
(iv)
5
2
3. y, 7 kW VnjD X va braia kL gagL y I
csla nfhitfis cUthFf.
4. kif jnghija taJ z MLf v, Gs nffSF
ilaf. (nfhitfis cUthFf)

(i) 5 MLfSF wF kif taJ vd?

(ii) kif jhjh taJ kif taij ngh 7 klF v,
jhjh taJ vd?
(iii) kif jij taJ kif taijngh 3 klF cl 5
MLf mf v jij taJ vd?

5. xU Ka Kj 30 mouij elJ flwJ. d behoF 2 mo u

j uhf t behof XLwJ v, mJ flj bkhj bjhiy
nfhitia fhf.
6. xU ngdh iy %.10 v y ngdhf iy vd?
7. r dK % x nrjh mt xU thu nrj bjhif ahJ?

2.3 rkghL mikj kW fhz

uL v nfhitf rkkhf UFkh? vgij GsthW bjJ
bfhsyh. 7+ (30 + 7) = (40 - 2) + 6 vgJ rah? M (?).
rkFia gagLjhk kw Ff >, <,

1) 135 # (74 + 32) > (135 + 74) # 32

2) (20 + 10) # 8

3)

(5+7) # 6

Matiw rghf.

< (10 + 8) # 20
5 + (7 # 6)
16

_y

nfhitfS rkghLfS
uL nfhitfSF (U nfhitfS v nfhitfshf Uj TlhJ)
vw
il rkF gagLdh rkghL ilF. khwhf > , <,
FpLf VnjD, xiw gagLdh mJ rkghL mW.
vLJfhL:

(1) 3x 7 = 10 (rkghL) (2) 4x + 8 > 23 (mrkghL)

F vw vGJf
vif
njitahd Ff
vif

(3) 2x 1 < 11 (mrkghL)

5 ........

12

16

20 ........

4 # 1 4 # 2 4 # 3 4 # 4 4 # 5 ........

x vgJ `F vw vG cs Ff vifia FF khahf

bfhlh, mltiz UJ fl rkghLf ilF.

2x = 8,
3x = 12,
4x = 16,
5x = 20
7x = 28,
8x = 32
...
...
mltizUJ 3x = 12 vw rkghil iw br x k 4.
bghGJ ul Kiw _y 3x = 12 vw rkghil iw br x
k fhngh.
rkghL

3x = 12

kh
k

kh kig
ul

/ iy

iy
x=1
3#1=3
(jtW)
iy
x=2
3#2=6
(jtW)
iy
x=3
3#3=9
(jtW)

x=4
3 # 4 = 12
(r)
iy
x=5
3 # 5 = 15
(jtW)
iy
x=6
3 # 6 = 18
(jtW)
Ko : 3x = 12 vw rkgho x = 4

vLJfhL : 4
Gs thafis afj rkghlhf khWf.
tha

afj rkghL

1) X vQl 10I Tl UgJ ilF

2) X v U klF ehgJ MF.

+ 10 = 20
2x = 40

3) X vUJ 5I ff UgJ ilF x 5 = 20

4) X viz Mwh tFf <, IJ ilF. x
=5
6
iy.
5) X v uL klUJ 8I ff 2 - 8 = 10
gJ ilF.
6) ehg uL vgJ X v uL 42 = 2x + 6
klFl 6I TLtjF rk.
17

fzF

x = 4,
6 x = 24,

maha 2
vLJfhL : 5
mltizia iw brf.
rkghL

kh
k

kh kig
ul

x=4
x = 11
x=3
x = 42

4+3=7;7 8
(jtW)
11 4 = 7 ; 7 = 7
(r)
3 # 3 = 9 ; 9 12 (jtW)

(i) x + 3 = 8
(ii) x - 4 = 7
(iii) 3x = 12
(iv) x == 66
7

42 = 6 ; 6 = 6
7

/
iy
iy

iy

(r)

vLJfhL : 6
mltizia uf. mltizia gagL x + 7 = 12 vw
rkghil iw br kh kig fhf.

3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10 11 12 13 14 18 16
mltizUJ x + 7 = 12 x = 5 MF.
x
x+7

1
8

2
9

10
17

11
18

g 2.2
1. rahd ilia njbjLf.

m) Gst vJ rkghL?
(i) 3 + 7 = 8 + 2

(ii) x < 4

(i) 2y + 3 = 0

(ii) y - 7 = 2 (iii) y + 3 = 7

(iii) 3x + 1 = 10

3
M) y = 4 vgij thf bfhl rkghL vJ?

(iv) 4 # 7 = 28
(iv) y + 4 = 0

) 2s - 4 = 10 vw rkgho cs kh vJ?
(i) 2

(ii) 10

(iii) -4

(iv) s

2. bghUJf
rkghL

m) y - 2 = 0

(i) y = 0

M) 2y = 6

(ii) y = 2

) 2 = y + 2

(iii) y = 3

3. mltizia uf.
rkghL

x 8 = 12
x 8 = 12
x 8 = 12
x 8 = 12

kh
k

x=4
x=6
x = 20
x = 15

kh kig
uLf

18

/ iy

nfhitfS rkghLfS
4. mltizia uf.
rkghL

y + 7 = 15
y + 7 = 15
y + 7 = 15
y + 7 = 15

kh
k

kh kig
uLf

y=6
y =7
y =8
y =9

/ iy

5. mltizia uf

(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)

rkghL

x-3=0
y+7=2
n + 8 = -18
3 p = 10

x=2
y = 2
n = 28
p = 7

rkghil
iw
brwJ
M / iy

rkgho kh
kig ul

6. mil FF bfhLfgLs kfis uL rkghil

iw br kh kig fhf.

(i) x + 7 = 12 (3, 4, 5, 6)
(ii)
x 10 = 0 (7, 8, 9, 10)
(iii) 3x = 27 (6, 12, 9, 8)
p
7

(iv) = 5 (21, 14, 7, 35)

(v) r = 2 (18, 19, 20, 21)
10

7. y 3 = 9 vw rkghil iw br y kig fhf.

8. mltizia gagL 3z = 30 vw rkghil iw br
kh kig fhf.
z

3z

7
21

10

11

12
36

13

14

15

9. mltizia gagL P = 3 vw rkghil iw br

4
kh kig fhf.

P
P
4

12

16

20
5

19

24

fzF

t.v

kh
k

maha 2
braghL

1)
thif gagLj Toa VnjD 10 TWfis vGjbrJ
mtiw fj TWfshf kh vGj brhy.
2)
xU eG msnfhiy (Slide Ruler) cUthf brJ mUJ
f va rkgho id fhzbrf.

fzFf
1. eh X v. gl cs midJ cfis
ehF Kiw R thUf. flj cf
vifia vdJ kig Todh 46
ilF v vdJ kbgd?

2. eh X v. eh gl cs midJ
bgofis flJ tj d, flj bgof
vifia, vdJ kig Todh 60
ilF v vdJ kbgd?

3. eh X <yf v. nkY 11 klF Mnt. vid 7 M

tFJ ilF <l 4I nrjh 15 ilF
v vdJ kbgd?
id bfhf
kh

xU iyahd v mW.
bgW.

khfis

Niynfg gntW kfis

a, b, c, ... x, y, z vw My a vGJfsh Fnwh.

khfis gagL cUthfgl nfhitfis bjhl gLjyh.

va kW toa gFf l bgWs bghJ Nufis,

khfis gagL bgwyh.

uL nfhitfSF il rkF l bgwh mJ rkghL

vdgL. (uL nfhitfS v nfhitfshf Uj TlhJ)

xU rkghil iw br kh k mrkgho
vdgL.
20

Rws gugs

3. Rws gugs
3.1 Rws

12

uFkh xU trh. mtUila taYF mt nt nghl ntzL.

8
uFkhDF
v taiy R K cfsh
cjt
Kokh?
ta
f nt nghl eh
bkhj
vts sKs K viyf
sij
fLof
f thfntL?
ntL. xnth viy
gf sK gl
bfhLfgLsJ.

xU _oa tot
viy bkhj s
mj Rws vdgL.

vLJfhL : 1

Gs totf Rwsfis fhf.

tot Rws = gf sf TLj

8 br.

8 + 5 + 3 + 2 = 18 br..

4 br.

7 br.

4 + 7 + 4 + 7 = 22 br..

r.

r.

7b

4b

4 br.

4 br.

2b

r.

r.

r.

5b

6b

r.

9 br.

7 br.

br.

6b

4 br.

4 + 6 + 9 + 6 = 25 br.. 4 + 4 + 7 = 15 br..

vLJfhL : 2

gl mLjLJ cs uL f XuyF
bjhiy csd. ABCDEF tot Rwsit
fhf.
:

A UJ B tiu bry 2 myFf. thW xbthU gf

sij Todh ekF ilgJ 2 + 1 + 1 + 4 + 1 + 5 = 14 myFf.
Mf, tot Rws = 14 myFf
21

fzF

10

il ilJ lJ.
eh 8 + 12 + 10
+ 4 = 34 . sF
nt thf ntL.

maha 3

3.1.1 brtf kW rJu Rws

ABCD brtf Rwsit 4 + 3 + 4 + 3 = 14 br..
vW vjhf fzlyh. Mdh, btntW sK
mfyK UjhY bghJthf Rws = s + mfy +
s + mfy vW fzlyh. mjhtJ, brtfij
R tu uL Kiw sij uL Kiw mfyij
flf ntL. vdnt,
brtf Rws = 2 # s + 2 # mfy
= 2 (s + mfy) myFf

My s vgJ length vdgLtjh, mj

Kj vGjhd l vw Fpil gagLJtJ
tHf. njngh, mfyij b vW (breadth
Kj vGJ) FLnwh. j FpLfis
gagLdh brtf Rws = 2 (l+b )
vW vGjyh. ntW FpLfis cgnahjh
thgho cs vGJf mjF Vwhngh
khW. Mdh mj Rws khwhJ.
vLJfhL : 3

s 5 br.., kW mfy 3 br.. cs brtf Rwsit fhf.

:
brtf Rws = 2 # (s + mfy) myFf

= 2 (5 + 3) = 2 # 8 = 16 br..

rJu Rws

rJuij sK mfyK xnu mss brtfkhf ghfyh.

rJu gf, brtf s kW mfyF rkkhdJ.

vdnt,

rJu Rws = 2 # gf + 2 # gf

= (4 # gf) myFf
rJu gfij
s (Side Kj vGJ) vW
Fjh rJu Rws = 4 # s
myFf vW vGjyh.
vLJfhL : 4

rJu gf 20 br.. v mj Rwsit fhf.

rJu Rws = 4 # gf = 4 # 20 = 80 br..

22

Rws gugs

g 3.1

1.
tU totf Rwsit fhf.

2.
nH cs gl Rwsit fhf (U fSF ilna cs
bjhiyid 1 myF vd vLJbfhf.)

flik tiuJ fhLf (U fSF ilna cs uid

1 myF vd vLJbfhf.)

4.
xU brtf s 7 br.. kW mfy 4 br.. v mj
Rwsit fhf.
5.
xU rJu Rws 48 br.. v mj gf vd?
6. xU trh jkJ yij f _y 3 tir bfhl ntl
Uwh. y s, mfyf Kiwna 120 kW 68 v
yF ntl vts sKs f njit?
7.
xU mil tiuagl glF ifgl rl l ah idwh.
mil s, mfyf Kiwna 25.4 br., 9.6 br. MF v, xU
br. rll ` 1.50 brythwJ v mtilF ifgl rll
MF bry vts?

3.2 gugs
mKf

gl, nkir itJs jffis

ghUf. xbthU jfK X lij milJ
bfhwJ. ehfhtJ jf itf l iy.
xbthU jfK nkir nk milJbfhS
ljh jf gugs MF.

xU bghU xU rkjs gF milF l ms mbghU

gugs vdgL.

Ugkhz bghUf kW Kgkhz bghUfSF jh gugs Uf

Ko.
23

fzF

3.
Rws 8 myFf bfhl btntW totfis Fs

maha 3
vLJfhL : 5

cau
s

s
s

nfhLJL

mfy

mfy

nfhLJL

brjh

1 gkhz kLnk csJ

2 gkhzf csd

3 gkhzf csd

gugs ilahJ

j gugs
fLof Kokh?

j bgoF 6
gfjsf csd.
xbthF gugs
fLof Ko.

milbgo

gugsit vgo fzLtJ?

Gs totf gir tzl rJufis v ghf.

tot xW = 1 rJu,

tot uL = 9 rJuf,

tot _W = 8 rJuf,

tot ehF = 9 rJuf,

tot xiw ghUf.

xU myF gf msthf bfhl rJu, myF rJu MF. mJ milJ
bfhS l gu xU rJu myF MF.
j gugs = 1 myF x 1 myF = 1 rJu myF
xU a rJu gfij X myF vW Fnlh. jF g mwhl
th mfkhf gagL .., br.., .. nghwtiw gf msthfbfhl
rJu gugsfis tUkhW Ffyh.

1 .. x 1 ..
1 br.. x 1 br..
1 . x 1 .
1 .. x 1 ..
24

= 1 rJu ..
= 1 rJu br..
= 1 rJu .
= 1 rJu ..

Rws gugs

g 3.2
1. nH cs mltizia ghUf. xbth gugsit
fLoFnghJ vj myF bghUjkhf UF vW (4) Fl.

bghUf

(i)

ifFil

( ii )

jf gf

( iii )

tFgiw fj

( iv )

brid efu
ygu

(v)

lit

rJu br..

rJu .

rJu ..

3.2.1 gntW totf gugs

braghL
brtf tot xU fhj Jil vLJ bfhs.

mij _iyl koJ U Knfhz JLfshf

btLf.
j U Knfhzf btntW gffis izJ
nH y totf cUthfgLsd.

it vyhnk btntW jkhd totf. t gugs g vd

Tw Ko? mnj uL fhj JLfis itJ cUthajh vyh
totf gugs rkkhfnt UF! it nghW nkY uL
totfis cfsh cUthf Kokh?
it nghw totfSF
gugsit fLofyh.

mjD
25

milgl

rJufis

fzF

t.v

maha 3

vLJfhL : 6

fhQ tot gugsit fhf.

xbthU a rJuK 1 rJu br.. vW vLJ bfhsyh.

tot (a) gugs = 10 KG rJuf + 4 miu rJuf

= 10 KG rJuf + 2 KG rJuf

= 12 KG rJuf

= 12 rJu br..

fljh J
nghW gntW
totfis tiua
brJ mt
gugsfis
fhz g jUf.

g 3.3
1.
fhQ totf gugsit fhf.





2.
flik 10 rJu myFf gugs bfhl uL btntW
totfis tiuf.

3. jh, xU tot 2 gffis tiujh. uFit Tlh.

uF totij vthW KGikgLdh? jF gy f Ufyh.

cfsh vjid jf totij KGikgLj Ko.
26

Rws gugs

3.3 brtf, rJu kW Knfhz gugs

brtf gugs
f UF brtf gugsit fLof
mj cns UF a rJufis v 15 rJu myFf
vW T lyh.
Mdh, rJufis xbthwhf vzhk gugsit vgo
fzlyh?
brtf s (mjhtJ) A Kj B tiu cs u 5 myFf vgjh, xU
tir 5 a rJuf csd.

nghJ brtf gugs = bkhj rJuf vif

= _W 5 rJu tirf cs rJuf

vif

= 5 + 5 + 5
= 5 x 3
= (s x mfy) rJu myFf

bghJthf sij lvW, mfyij b vW FgJ tHf,

Mjyh, brtf gugs = (l # b) rJu myFf vW vGjyh.
vLJfhL : 7
xU brtf s 8 br.. kW mfy 5 br.. v, mj gugsit
fhf.

brtf gugs = s x mfy = 8 br.. # 5 br.. = 40 r.br..

rJu gugs

xU brtf sK mfyK xnu msthf Ujh mJ rJu vgJ

ekF bj. j msit rJu gf vW FLnwh.

Mf,
s = mfy = rJu gf
rJu gugs = s # mfy

(brtf gugs jF bghUJ)

= (gf # gf) rJu myFf
gfij s vW Flh rJu gugs = (s # s) rJu myFf
27

fzF

brtf mfy (mjhtJ) B Kj C tiu cs u 3 myFf vgjh,

brtf _W 5 rJu tirf csd.

maha 3
vLJfhL : 8
xU rJu gf 7 br.. v, mj gugsit fhf.
gugs = gf # gf = 7 br.. # 7 br.. = 49 rJu br..

brnfhz Knfhz gugs

brtf tot milia vLJ bfhL mij xU
_iy l tahf btl.
nghJ 2 brnfhz Knfhzf ilF.
brnfhzf bghUJkhW xnk xW itJ ghf. nghJ vd
bjJ bfhnwh?
brnfhz Knfhz gugs = brtf gu gh
vdnt,
brnfhz Knfhz gugs = 1 # (s # mfy) rJu myFf
2
brtf gughdJ U brnfhz
Knfhz guF rkkhF vW
cfsh bjJ bfhs Kowjh?
brtf s brnfhz Knfhz mogfkhf, mj mfy
caukhf Ugjh, s vgjF g mogf vW, mfy vgF
g cau vW gagLjyh.
Mf, brnfhz Knfhz gugs = 1 # (mogf # cau) rJu myFf
2
mogfij b (base) vW, cauij h (height) vW Flh,
brnfhz Knfhz gugs = 1 ( b # h) rJu myFf
2
vLJfhL : 9

nH cs brnfhz Knfhz gugsit fhf.

:
brnfhz Knfhz gugs = 1 # mogf # cau
2
Knfhz mogf = 9 br..

cau

= 12 br..

` brnfhz Knfhz gugs = 1 # 9 # 12 = 9 # 6 = 54 rJu br..

2
28

Rws gugs
nH cs glf vj tot gugs mf?

Utotf gugs
xnw! Kj totij
RHWtJ _y ulh
tot ilwJ.

vLJfhL : 10

bfhLfgLs tot gugsit fhf.

: fzF _W tf fhzyh.

Kiw 1

Kiw 2

(A) gugs = 4 # 3 = 12 rJu br..

(F) gugs = 7 # 3 = 21 rJu br..

(B) gugs = 6 # 3 = 18 rJu br..

(E) gugs = 3 # 3 = 9 rJu br..

~ tot gugs = 30rJu br..

~ tot gugs = 30 rJu br..

29

fzF

totfis RHdhnyh ef itjhnyh mj gugs khwhJ.

maha 3
Kiw 3

(C) gugs = 4 # 3 = 12 rJu br..

(D) gugs = 3 # 3 = 9 rJu br..
(E) gugs = 3 # 3 = 9 rJu br..
vLJfhL 10 I _W
Kiwf VnjD xU
Kiw fzlh
nghJ.

~ tot gugs = 30 rJu br..

braghL
1. Kat xUt j _W kffSF rkkhf gl
fhoathW yfis J bfhLjh.
mtf
brynyna nt mikFkhW Tdh. Mdh jkJ jij
jdF kL mf bry itJlh vW _whtJ
kf midtlK T bfhL tjh. mt mgo
Tw fhuzbkd? mt TaJ rah?
2. thif gaghLila 5 bghUfis vGjbrJ
mtid msL mbghUf gugs kW Rwsit fhzbrf.
3. tiugljhis gagL rJu, brtf, Knfhz tiuabrJ
xbthU totF mj gu kW Rwsfis fhz brf.

g 3.4
1.

Gstiw uf :
brtf
s (l)

b r t f brtf brtf
Rws
gugs
mfy (b)

(i)

7 br..

5 br..

(ii)

10 br..

28 .

(iii)

6 .

72 rJu..

(iv)

9 .

63 r..

30

Rws gugs
Gs totf gugsit fhf.

3.

glYs brnfhz Knfhzf gugsit fhf.

4.

24 br.. sKs fahdJ rJukhf tisfgLwJ v, tisfgl

fzF

2.

rJu gugs vd?

5.

36 br. sKs U ff xW rJukhf kbwhW brtfkhf

tisfgLwJ v mt vj tot mf guig bfhoUF?
mU totfSilnaahd gugs ahr vts?

6.

60 br.. X 40 br.. ms brtf tiugljh 2 br. sKs rJuf

vjid cUthfyh?

7.

4 sK 3 50 br.. mfyK cila X miwF jiu mikf

vjid rJu l jiu njitgL?

31

maha 3

braghL

1)
tiugljhis gagL xnu gugs bfhl gntW
brtfid

tiuabrJ

mt

Rwsit

fhzbrf. mt gu kW Rws g thf.

2)
Ffis

gagL

rJu,

brtf,

Knfhz

mikfbrJ mtotid rh ngg xlbrJ

mt gugs kW Rws fhf.

id bfhf
1. xU _oa tot viy bkhj s mj Rws vdgL.
2. brtf Rws = 2 x (l + b) myFf.
3. rJu Rws = 4 x s myFf.
4. xU bghU xU rkjsgF milF l ms mbghU
gugs vdgL.

5. brtf gugs = l x b rJu myFf.

6. rJu gugs = s x s rJu myFf.
7. brnfhz Knfhz gugs = 1 x (mogf x cau) rJu
2

myFf.

8. totfis RHdhnyh ef itjhnyh mj gugs khwhJ.

32

Knfhzf

4. Knfhzf
4.1 Knfhzf

ekF nfhzfS bj, KnfhzfS bj. uoF vd

bjhl?

J vd nf? Knfhz vgJ _W nfhzfis bfhlJ.
vW f afyh.

uLnk rjh.
Knfhz vgJ _W gff (nfhL JLf) bfhl _oa tot.
_Wnfhzf cUthF. mjdh, mjid Knfhz vnwh.
Gs totf vit Knfhzf vW fLof.

Knfhzf tiff
xU Knfhzij mj gf msf kW nfhz msfis bfhL
tifgLjyh.
tU Knfhzf gf msf kW nfhz msfis msJ
mltiz uf.

33

fzF

j brhgo rahf jh bjwJ. Mdh, Knfhz vwh _W
gff bfhlJ, brtf vwh ehF gff bfhlJ vW jhnd
Jtiu gonjh! vW kbwhUt Twyh.

maha 4

gl
1

2
3
4
5
6
7

nfhz
nfhz msf msf
TLj

60c, 60c, 60c

180c,

nfhzf
mik

gf
msf

3.br..,3br..,
_W
3 br..
nfhzf rk

Knfhz
mik
rk gf
Knfhz

nkfl Knfhzf U gf msf TLjYl _wh gf msit

xLf.
braghLfUJ eh mtJ:
xU Knfhz _W nfhzf rk v, _W gf msfS rk.
xU Knfhz _W gf msf rk v, _W nfhzfS rk
xU Knfhz uL nfhzf rk v, uL gf msf

rk.
xU Knfhz uL gf msf rk v, uL nfhzf

rk.
xU Knfhz nfhzf btntwhdit v, gf msfS

btntwhdit.
xU Knfhz gf msf btntwhdit v, nfhzfS

btntwhdit.
xU Knfhz _W nfhzf TL k 180o
xU Knfhz vj U gf msf TLjY _whtJ gf

msit l mf.

nkTa midJ vyh KnfhzfSF bghUJ!

brJ ghf :
toa gyif
(Geo Board) ug
ngLfis gagL
gy Knfhz totfis
mikJ mt
gfis Muhf.

34

Knfhzf

gff mogil Knfhzf

xU Knfhz _W gf msfS rk v,
mJ rkgf Knfhz vdgL.
vLJfhL: gl - (1)
xU Knfhz uL gf msf rk v,
mJ U rkgf Knfhz vdgL.
vLJfhL: glf - (3), (4), (5)

nfhzf mogil Knfhzf

xU Knfhz _W nfhzfS FWnfhzf v,
mJ FWnfhz Knfhz vdgL.
vLJfhL: glf - (1), (2), (5)
xU Knfhz VjhtJ xU nfhz brnfhz v,
mJ brnfhz Knfhz vdgL.
vLJfhL: glf - (3), (7)
Knfhz VjhtJ xU nfhz nfhzkhf Ujh (90o ia l mfkh)
mJ nfhz Knfhz vdgL.
vLJfhL: glf - (4), (6)
bghGJ y nff vGwd.
1.
xU Knfhz xU brnfhzK xU nfhzK Ujh, mJ vj
tifia nrU?
2.


xU
Knfhz uL nfhzfnsh brnfhzfnsh
mika th csjh?
nf 1 go xU brnfhzK xU nfhzK Ujh, mj
uo TL bjhifna 180oI l mkhf UF(V?).
vdnt, mgo xU Knfhz mika KoahJ.
35

fzF

xU Knfhz _W gf msfS btntwhdit v,

mJ mrkgf Knfhz vdgL.
vLJfhL: glf - (2), (6), (7)

maha 4
vLJfhL : 1
gf msfis bfhL vtif Knfhz vd vGJf.

(i)
ABC AB = 7 br, BC = 8 br, CA = 6 br
(ii)
PQR PQ = 5 br, QR = 4 br, PR = 4 br
:

(i) gf msf midJ btntwhdit. vdnt,

ABC X

mrkgf Knfhz.

(ii) QR = PR = 4 br. U gf msf rk. vdnt,

U rkgf Knfhz.

PQR X

vLJfhL : 2
4 br, 10br, 5br msf cila Knfhz tiua aYkh? fhuz TWf.
:

10 + 4 = 14 vgJ 5 l bgaJ.

10 + 5 = 15 vgJ 4 l bgaJ.

4 + 5 = 9 vgJ 10I l FiwthdJ.

Knfhzij mikf ayhJ. Vbd, Ugf msf TLj _whtJ

gf msit l Fiwthf csJ.
vLJfhL : 3
nfhzfis bfhL vtif Knfhz vd TWf.

(i) 60c, 45c, 75c (ii) 20c, 90c, 70c

(iii) 104c, 35c, 41c

(i) _W nfhzfS 90c I l Fiw. vdnt, J FWnfhz Knfhz

MF.
(ii) xU nfhz ms 90c vdnt, J brnfhz Knfhz MF.
(iii) xU nfhz ms 90c Il mf. vdnt, J nfhz Knfhz
MF.

vLJfhL : 4
30c, 80c, 85c nfhzfis cila Knfhzij mikf Kokh?
:

_W

nfhzf

TLj

30c + 80c + 85c = 195c

Mdh,

xU

Knfhz nfhzf TLj 180c kLnk Uf ntL. vdnt,

nkfl nfhzfis bfhL xU Knfhzij mikf ayhJ.
36

Knfhzf
vLJfhL : 5
xU Knfhz uL nfhzf 100c,120c Mf Uf Kokh?
:
j U nfhzf TLbjhif 100c + 120c = 220c. J 180c Il mfkhf
csJ. Mdh, _W nfhz msfis nrjhny 180c jh Uf ntL!
Mf, _whtJ nfhz g bjaiy vwhY 100c,120c Mait xnu
Knfhz nfhzfshf UfhJ.
vdnt, xU Knfhz U nfhzf Uf KoahJ.

g 4.1
nfhol lfis uf.

(i)

xU Knfhz _W nfhzf TLj --------MF.

(ii)

xU rkgf Knfhz ----------- gff rk.

(iii) uL gf msf rk v mKnfhz --------- Knfhz

MF.

(iv) xU

Knfhz
xU
nfhz
mKnfhz-------- vdgL.

(v)

brnfhz

v,

xU Knfhz vj Ugf msf TLjY _dwhtJ

gf msit l --------- UF.

(vi) Knfhz gf msfis bfhL --------- tifahf

fgLwJ.

(vii) Knfhz nfhz msfis bfhL-------- tifahf

fgLwJ.
2. xU Knfhz MW gFf ahit?
3.

tU nfhzfis bfhL Knfhzfis tifgLj.

tir nfhz+A
v

(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)

+B

+C

30c
25c

45c
90c

105c
65c

62c
120c

45c

73c

30c

30c
37

tif

fzF

1.

maha 4

4. tU nfhz msfis bfhl Knfhz Uf Kokh?

(i)

30c, 60c, 90c

(ii)

40c, 100c, 40c

(iii) 60c, 70c, 20c

(iv)

50c, 75c, 65c

(v)

90c, 90c, 0c

5. tU gf msfis bfhL Knfhzfis tifgLj.

tir v

(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)

AB br.
5
3
6
4

BC br.
2
3
7
5

CA br.
5
3
3
7

tif

6. tU gf msfis bfhL Knfhzf mikf aYkh?

(i)

3 br., 6 br., 9 br.

(ii) 10 br., 6 br., 3 br.

(iii) 15 br., 10 br., 8 br.

(iv) 12 br., 20 br., 8 br.

braghL

1) uh, F myJ tz bfhL gntW tifahd

Knfhzfis mikf brf.
2) gntW tifahd Knfhzfis tiuabrf. xbthF
mj gff kW nfhz msfis msJ mtid
tifgLJf.
3) nah gyif Knfhz tiffis brJ fhl brhf.

38

brFJnfhL, iznfhLf tiuj

5. brFJnfhL, iznfhLf tiuj

5.1 brFJnfhL, iznfhLf tiuj

vLJfhL : 1
_iyklij msnfhiy gagL nfho Js xU
brFJnfhL tiuj.

go 1 :
(ii)
nfhoJ P vw ia Ff.
go 2 :

(i) nfhL AB bghUJkhW msnfhiy mikf.

(ii)
_iykl

brnfhzij
cUthF
xU
gf
msnfhJ kbwhU gf gl fhoathW mikf.

go 3 :

(i) msnfhiy

(ii) _iykl ig xo P
tahf PQ vw nfhLJL

efjhk
_iyklij
P
vw
ianeh efJf.

tiuf.

(iii) PQ MdJ AB F brFJ

nfhlhF.
m+APQ = m+BPQ = 90c

vgij msJ rghf.

vLJfhL : 2
_iyklij msnfhiy gagL nfhoF nknys xU
tna brFJnfhL tiuf.
go 1 :

(i)

msnfh cjah PQ vw nfhL tiuf.

(ii)
nfhoF nk gF A vw ia Ff.
39

fzF

(i)
msnfh cjah AB vw nfhL tiuf

maha 5
go 2 :

(i) nfhL PQ bghUJkhW msnfhiy mikf.
(ii)
_iykl
brnfhzij
cUthF

xUgf
msnfhJ kbwhU gf gl fhoathW mikf.

go 3 :

(i) msnfhiy efjhk _iyklij A vw ia neh

efJf.

(ii)
_iykl ig xo A tahf nfhL PQF AO vw
nfhL tiuf.

(iii) AO MdJ PQ F brFJ nfhlhF.

m+POA = m+QOA = 90c vgij msJ rghf.

vLJfhL : 3

_iyklij, msnfhiy gagL xU nfho nknys (5 br..

cau) xU tna mnfhoF iz nfhL tiuf.
go 1 : (i)
msnfh cjah nfhL XY
tiuf. m A vw ia
Ff.

(ii)
nfhoF nk AM = 5 br.. ms
M vw xU ia _iykl
cjah Ff.

go 2 :
nfhLJL XY

_iyklij bghUJf.

(i)
msnfhiy

gl

bghUJkhW
fhoathW

mikf.

40

brFJnfhL, iznfhLf tiuj

vLJfhL : 4
go 3 :

(i)
msnfhiy efjhk _iyklij M vw tiu efJf.
(ii)
_iykl ig xo M tahf UwK MN vw nfhL

(iii) MN MdJ M tahf XY F iznfhlhF.

g 5.1
1.

tU iznfhLfSilna cs bjhiy fhf.

2.

tU brFJnfhLf AB, CD sfis fhf.

3.

5.6 br.. ms xU nfhLJL tiuf. nfhLJoJ P vw

ia FJ P tna nfhLJoF brFJnfhL tiuf.

4.

6.2 br.. ms xU nfhLJL tiuf. nfhLJoF nk gF

A vw xU ia Ff. A tna nfhLJoF brFJnfhL
tiuf.
41

fzF

tiuf.

maha 5

5. 7.1 br.. ms xU nfhLJL tiuf. nfhLJoF gF

M vw ia Ff. M tna nfhLJoF brFJnfhL
tiuf.

6.

5.2 br.. ms xU nfhLJL tiuf. nfhLJoF nkgF

4.3 br.. u B vw ia Ff. B tna nfhLJoF
iznfhL tiuf.

7. xU nfhLJL tiuf. nfhLJLF gF 5.1 br..

u Q vw ia Ff. Q tna nfhLJoF iznfhL
tiuf.

braghL
toa fU bgo cs _iy klfis gagL tUkhW
gntW totfis mikJ mj viyfis tiuJ bgaLf.

42

tufis ifahSj

6. tufis ifahSj
6.1 tuf
cdJ tF fUgyif dK khzt, khza tUif ga jftfis
tFgha FJ itgij ghUf.
Mf bgf

TLj

tF : 6

20

20

40

eh

tUif

20

18

38

: f

ijnghynt, xU tF cs khztf xU Fl nj,

xU Fl ghl bgw kbgf, xU Fl eh, xU Fl
khy, gntW lf fhzgl mfgr jg btgiy kW
Fiwjgr jg btgiy nghw nrffgl jftf vf rhj
tuf MF.
Fl jftiy myJ w jftfis jUkhW
ulgl vf bjhF tuf vdgL.

6.1.1 tufis nrfj

muRF jft bjgjfhf g khzt, khza gF tJ
brY nghFtuJ Kiwga jftf nrff khfglJ. khzt,
khza bfhl xU tF jftfis nrfJ tUkhW mtf
gagLJ nghFtuJ Kiwfis vGdhf.
khzt nghFtuJ
v

khzt nghFtuJ
v

khzt
v

nghFtuJ

khzt nghFtuJ
v

ngUJ

11

ngUJ

21

ngUJ

31

ngUJ

bjhlto

12

to

22

to

32

to

to

13

ngUJ

23

eil

33

bjhlto

ngUJ

14

eil

24

eil

34

ngUJ

eil

15

eil

25

eil

35

ngUJ

eil

16

eil

26

ngUJ

36

eil

bjhlto

17

ngUJ

27

ngUJ

37

eil

ngUJ

18

ngUJ

28

eil

38

eil

to

19

bjhlto

29

to

39

bjhlto

10

ngUJ

20

to

30

ngUJ

40

ngUJ

43

fzF

g kW tUif ga jft

maha 6

6.1.2 brglglhj tuf

khzt

khza

vjid

tifahd

nghFtuJ

Kiwfis

gagLJwd? xbthY vjid ng? nghw tufis nkfl

goaUJ vjhf fhz ayhJ. Vbdwh, J bjhlf iy
flj cikf bjhF kLnk.
j tuf D brglgliy.
jftfis bgW tif tifgLjgliy.

mjhtJ,

Fl

6.1.3 tufis KiwgLJj

nkfl KiwgLjhj tufUJ bjtJ - khzt,
khza gy gF tJ bry
ngUJ, bjhlto, to,
eilgaz t, VnjD xU tifia gagLJwd.
j tufis xw xwhf tUkhW vG
khztflUJ bgw jftf mogil mtf gagLJ
KiwF vnu Fia xUtUF xW j mogil mtf gagLJ
khztf vifia fzL xbthU nghFtuJ Kiwia
gagLJ khztf vifia flayh.
ngUJ
bjhlto
to
eilgaz

||||||||||||||||
|||||
|||||||
||||||||||||
TLj

16
5
7
12
40

| Fia `nenfhL F vd miHngh. nkfl

tif mltiz nenfhL Ff vif
mfkhf UFnghJ mtiw fzLtjF
fodkhf UF. vdnt, vjhf UFkhW
tUkhW kh mikgJ tHf.

nghFtuJ tif
ngUJ
bjhlto
to
eil

nenfhL
Ff

|||| |||| |||| |

||||
|||| ||
|||| |||| ||

TLj
44

khztf
vif

16
5
7
12
40

tufis ifahSj

nenfhL Ff xUtUF xW j ehF Kiw Fj,

IjhtJ nenfhL Fia ehF nenfhL FfJ _iylkhf

mikkhW Ff ntL. nghJ |||| vw nenfhL Ff bjhFig
vif 5F rkkhf vLJ bfhs ntL. vdnt, ngU gF
tJ brnth vifia 5 + 5 + 5 + 1 = 16 vd v fzl Ko. J
nghynt kw tufis vjhf ma Ko. KiwgLjglhj tuf
v JbfhS tif gLjgL ilgJ KiwgLjgl
myJ tifgLjgl tuf vdgL.
vLJfhL : 1

khzt
v

ngho

khzt
v

ngho

khzt
v

ngho

khzt
v

ngho

kilgJ

fgo

11

gJ

16

gJ

2
3
4

fgo

kilgJ

fhgJ

fgo

gJ

17
18
19

fhgJ

fhgJ

12
13
14

fgo

fhgJ

7
8
9

fgo

10

fhgJ

15

fgo

20

fhgJ

kilgJ

gJ
gJ

j tufis nenfhL Ffis gagL tifgLJf.

j tF cs khzt khza midtU kilgJ, fgo,
fhgJ, gJ t, VnjD xiw njbjLfnt Uwd.
vdnt, j tufis tUkhW tifgLjyh.
kilgJ

|||

fgo

|||| |

fhgJ

|||| |

gJ

||||

TLj

20

45

fzF

20 ng bfhl xU tFYs khzt khzal gntW

isahL nghofSF Ug bj nrffglJ.

maha 6
vLJfhL : 2
xU Fl thu xU Fl tF gF tUif
jhuhj khztf vif ga tifgLjgl tu
bfhLfgLsJ. xU nenfhL F xU khztiu FwJ v,
tU sffSF ila.
ehf
f
brth
j
ahH
bt
r

khztf vif
(nenfhL Ff)

||||
||||
||
|
||||

|||

1 thu xbthU ehS gF tUif jhuhnjh vif vjid?

il : f - 5, brth - 4, j - 2, ahH - 0, bt - 1, r - 8

2 vj eh mfkhd vif khztf gF tuiy?

il : r

3 vj eh Fiwthd vif khztf gF tuiy?

il : ahH

brJ ghf
cdJ tF cs khzt khza _y uhkf vjid
tifahd Lf csd? vgij ga tufis nrfJ
tifgLj.
bkhj Lf
o tif
nenfhL Ff
vif
Tiu L
XL L
Mbglh L
kho L (m) fh L
m) vj tifahd Lf mfkhf csd ?
M) vj tifahd Lf Fiwthf csd?
) VnjD uL myJ mjF mfkhd Lf tiff rk
vif csdth? M v, vbjj tiff?
46

tufis ifahSj

6.2. sfgl (Pictograph) tiuj

xU gl 1000 thijfSF rk vbwhU gHbkh cL. gy

gff brhY xU fia xU gl _y f vjhf sfyh.

glfis J bfhtJ vJ.

vLJfhL : 3
nH bfhLfgLs sfgl, xU RWyh bghUfhF IJ
thuf tUif jtf vifia fhLwJ.

10,000 I FF
Kj thu

ulh thu

_wh thu

ehfh thu

Ijh thu

dhf :

1. Kj thu RWyh bghUfhF tUif jtf

vjid ng?

fzF

vj thu mfkhdt tUif jjd?

2.
f Fiwthndh tUif j thu vJ?
3.
bkhj vjid ng RWyh bghUfhia fL
4.
kjd?

1. 40,000 ng Kjthu tUif jtf Mt.

2.
Ijh thu f mf vifyhd ghitahs
tUif jd.

3.
ehfhtJ thu f Fiwj vifyhd
ghitahs tUif jd.

4.
IJ thuf bkhj 2,50,000 ng tUif jd.
47

maha 6
vLJfhL : 4
kGJ jahF xU bjhrhiy 2005M ML Kj 2009 M
MLtiu jahfgl kGJf vif mltiz
FlgLsJ.
kGJf
ML
vif

2005

2000

2006

3000

2007

1000

2008
2009

4000
5000

mltiz cs tuij tU sfgl FwJ.

1000 kGJfis FF

2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2005M MLKj 2009M MLtiu jahfgl kGJf
vifia FF sfgl.
dhf :
1. f Fiwj msyhd kGJf vj ML jahfgld?
2. vj ML 3000 kGJf jahfgld?
3. 2008M MLtiu jahfgl kGJf vif vts?
4. 2008, 2009 MLf jahfgl kGJf vif
vts?
:
1. f Fiwj msyhd kGJf 2007 M ML jahfgld.
2. 2006 M ML 3000 kGJf jahfgld.
3. 2008 M ML 10,000 kGJf (2000 + 3000 + 1000 + 4000 = 10,000)
jahfgld.
4. 2008, 2009 M MLf 9000 kGJf (4000+5000=9000)
jahfgld.
48

tufis ifahSj

g 6.1.

I. Gs sfglij ghJ, mj bfhLfgl dhfSF

ilaf.

200 khzfis FF.

2006
2007
2008
2009
2010

1. vj Mo f Fiwj ms khza gojd?
2.
vj Mo f mf ms khza gojd?
3.
khza vif 600 Mf Uj MLf vit?

4. f mfkhf g goj khzaUF, f Fiwthfg
goj khzaUF vif cs ahr vd?

5.
rah? jtwh? vd TWf.
2008, 2009 MLf rk vifyhd khztf g
gojd.

II.
Gs sfglij ghJ, mj bfhLfgl dhfSF
ilaf. xbthW `10,000 ij FF.
ku
kz
brf
fUf
bk
L fLtjfhd Ka brydij fhL sfgl.
dhf :

1. sfgl FL br vd?
2.
kzYF bragL bry vd?

3. brf, fUf tF MF bry vts?

4. vj bghUSF mf brylglJ?
5.
L fl MF bkhj bry vts?
49

fzF

X caiy g 2006M MLKj 2010M MLtiu goj
bkhj khzf vifia fhL sfgl.
dhf :

maha 6

III Gs sfglij ghJ mj bfhLfgLs

dhfSF ilaf.
khd iya jiuwF 5 khdf
vifia FF.
f
brth
j
ahH
bt
r
PhW
dhf :

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

fHik vjid khdf jiuwF?

rHik vjid khdf jiuwF?
vj eh f mfkhd khdf jiuwF?
vj eh fFiwthd khdf jiuwF?
xU thu jiuwF bkhj khdf vif vd?

IV Gs sfglij ghJ mj bfhLfgLs

dhfSF ilaf.
500 jffis FF.
g A
g B
g C
g D
dhf :

1.
2.
3.
4.

f mf ms jffis bfhl g vJ?

f Fiwj ms jffis bfhl g vJ?
g C cs jff vif vd?
ehF gfY cs bkhj jff vif
vts?

5. sfgl jugLs tu vd?

50

tufis ifahSj

6.3 brtf sfgl (Bar diagram) tiuj

tufis va Kiw aitf brtf sfgl

gagLwJ.

vjhf Jbfhs, Vida tufSl xL ghf

gagLwJ.

f brtf gy brtf totfis bfhlJ.

ilkl nfhL, brFJ nfhL ilbtf nk j

brtff tiuagLwd.

uf
Xlf
vif

30

60

10

50

70

40

fzF

vLJfhL : 5
ah eilbgw xU eh kilgJ ngho e uf bgw
Xlf vif bfhLfgLsJ. mjfhd brtf sfgl
tiuf.

70

ufis ilkl nfhoY, Xlf vifia brFJ

nfhoY Ff ntL.
brFJ nfho 1 br.. = 10 Xlfis FF.
vLJfhL : 6
X caiy g xbthU tFY cs khztf vif
bfhLfgLsJ. mjfhd brtf sfgl tiuf.
tF
khztf
vif

10

450

400

425

400

350

51

maha 6

khztf
vif

500
400
300
200
100
0

tF

10

khztf vifia brFJ nfhoY, 6 Kj 10

tFfis ilkl nfhoY Ff ntL.

brFJ nfho xbthU 1 br.. ms 100 khztfis

FF.

g 6.2
xU khefuh caiyg xUthu xbthU tFY tUif
1.
jhuhjtf vifia sf, brtf sfgl tiuf.
tF
tUif
juhjt

10

12

15

xU nkiyg Gs isahLf gF bgW 100

2.
khztfis FF brtf sfgl tiuf.
isahL fhgJ
khzt
25
vif

tisgJ TilgJ kilgJ jlfs

30

15

20

10

3.
xU khzt nrj bjhif mltiz bfhLfgLsJ. mjfhd
brtf sfgl xW tiuf.
khj
bjhif `

#] #]iy

20

35

Mf

25

brlg mnlhg

15

10

etg

org

40

30

4.
X C bjhiyfhia ghngh U ghF ff Fj
X Mid brtf sfgl tiuf.
bjhiyfh
nghnfh
fh^ isahL
f
f
U
ghngh

150

100

125
52

yFf
cyf

RWyh

brf

200

100

250

tufis ifahSj

5. xU jf fil mLjLj VG ehf w FngLf

vifia sf brtf sfgl tiuf.
ehf
FngLf
vif

PhW

f brth

250

150

200

j ahH bt r
100

350

50

300

6. xU gidahs mLjLjMW ehf w fj

jff vifia sf brtf sfgl tiuf.
ehf
fj
jff
vif

brth

40

30

50

ahH bt

20

70

75

7. xU efu btntW taJ id rhj tuf

vifia sf brtf sfgl tiuf.
1-14

15-29

30-44

45-59

60-74

egf
80
1 yr
1 yr
1 yr
vif 2 yr
50 Muf 20 Muf 40 Muf Muf

75 F nk
50
Muf

khzt bga

yR

mj

Ui lf
vif

Uilf
vif

6.4. brtf sfgl thyhf tufis vLJiuj

vLJfhL : 7
mltiz bfhLfgl Mwh tF khztf, mtf itUF
g Uilf vif tiw sf, brtf sfgl
bfhLfgLsJ.

7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0

Mh brt

yjh

7
5
4

yR mj Mh brt yjh
khztf

brtf sfglUJ Gs dhfSF il jUf :-

1.
f mf vif Uil itUF khzt bga vd?
(brt)
2.
Mh vD khz itJs Uilf vjid? (4)
f Fiwj vif Uilf itJst ah? ( yjh )
3.
4.
vjid khztf ga tuf jugLsJ? ( 5 khztf )
5. 2 UilfSF nk itUF khztf vjidng? ( 4 ng )
53

fzF

taJ

maha 6
vLJfhL : 8
efuh nkiyg ela xU nj fyJ bfhl gf bgaU,
khztf vif FF brtf sfglUJ Gs
dhfSF il jUf.
nkiyg - 1

gf

nkiyg - 2
nkiyg - 3
nkiyg - 4
nkiyg - 5
0

nkiyg - 6

200

400
600
khztf vif

1
nj mf khztf fyJ bfhl g bga vd?
(nkiyg - 5)
vjid gf nj fyJ bfhld? (6)
2
nj Fiwj khztf fyJ bfhl g bga vd?
3
(nkiyg - 4)
nj 350 khztf fyJ bfhl g bga vd?
4
(nkiyg - 4)
5
nkiyg - 6 nj fyJ bfhl khztf vif
vts? (500)
g 6.3
ijayf 6 ehf

I. xU ed
vifia FF
dhfSF il jUf.

brtf

jahfgl rilf
sfglUJ Gs

brth
j

ehf

ahH
bt
r
0

10
20
30
rilf vif

40

50

dhf :
1.
vjHikfmfvifrilf jahfgld?vjid?
2.
brthHik jahfgl rilf vif vjid?
3.
vj Hikf xnu vifyhd rilf jahfgld?
4.
brtf sfgl vj tufis FwJ?
5.
ilkl nfho 1 br.. vjid rilfis FwJ?
54

tufis ifahSj

II.

miuahL nj xU khzt bgw kbgf sfgl

jugLsd. glUJ Gs dhfSF iljUf.
j
ghlf

My

100

fj
ma

20

r_f ma
40
60
kbgf

80

100

1. ma khzt bgw kbgf vjid?

2. khzt vj ghl mf kbg bgUwh ?
3. bkhghlf uoY nrJ khzt bgw kbgf
vjid?
4. khzt IJ ghlfY bgw kbgfis mltizgLJf.
III. X caiy gF tu khztf gagLJ thdf ga

fzF

brtf sfglUJ Gs dhfSF il jUf.

gngUJ
muRngUJ
kGJ

dhf :
1. vj thfdij mf vif khztf gagLJwhf?
2. brtf sfgl vij ga tuij TWwJ?
3. gF elJ tU khztf vjid ng?
4. ilkl nfho 1 br.. vjid khztfis FwJ?
5. vKiw f Fiwj khztf gF tUwd?

IV nt 2007 Kj 2012 tiu Vu khj g bragl ruhr

btgiyia FF brtf sfglUJ Gs
dhfSF il jUf.

55

maha 6

1. brtf sfgl vj tufis FwJ?

2. brtf sfgl FfgLs tUlf ahit?
3. vj tUlf mfgr btgiy gthsJ? vts?
4. vj tUlf Fiwjgr btgiy gthsJ? vts?
5. bfhLfgLs btgiy vj Ciu rhjJ?
V.

xU tUl btntW ehLf gFbfhl rtnjr Ah

nghof vifia FF brtf sfglUJ
Gs dhfSF il jUf.

dhf :

1.

ah gnfw nghof vif vjid?

2. vj ehL fFiwj nghof gnfWsJ?

3. vj ehL f mfkhd nghof gnfWsJ?
4. Mnuahit l ah vts nghof mfkhf
gnfWsJ?
VI. X murhf 1998-2002 M MLf nfhJik tha msfis
FF brtf sfglUJ Gs dhfSF il
jUf.

dhf :

1.

brtf sfgl vj tufis FwJ?

2. vj tUl nfhJik ms mfkhf thfgLsJ?

3. vj tUlf nfhJik ms Fiwthf thfgLsJ?
4. 1998 Kj 2002 tiu thfgl nfhJik ms vts?
56

tufis ifahSj
braghL

1)
xU brjh xU gia njbjLJ, m 2, 3,4 kW 5
vGJ brhfis fLoJ goaL brtf sfglkhf
tiuf.
2)
cf

gF

bjhlfg,

eLiyg,

caiyg, nkiyg kW f ggtf

viffis nrfJ mtiw brtf sfglkhf
tiuf.
3)
cdF oj 5 uf xnu Mo vLj Xlfis nrfJ
4)
cdJ Ulij jho brY thfdf tiff
ytW

mt

vifia

bfhL

brtf

sfgl tiuf.

id bfhf

Fl jftfis bgWtjfhf ulgL vf bjhF tu

MF.

bjhlf iy flj tuf tifgLjglhj bjhF myJ

KiwgLjglhj tuf vdgL.

mltiz _ykhf v J bfhS tif gLjgl tuf

KiwgLjgl myJ tifgLjgl tuf vdgL.

sfglf vgJ KiwgLjgl tufis glf _y

FLtJ MF.

57

fzF

brtf sfgl tiuf.

ilf
g 1.1

1.

(i) r

(ii) r

(iii) jtW (iv) jtW (v) r

2.

(i) 7 > 3

(ii) -3 > -5

(iii) 2 > -3

(iv) 7 > -3 (v) 1 > -4 (vi) -4 > -7

3.

(i) -2,-1,0,1,2 (ii) -3,-2,-1,0,1

(iii) 0

(iv) -4,-3

(v)-3,-2,-1,0,1,2 (vi) -1,0,1

4.

(i) 1

(iii) lwkhf 8 myFf (iv) tywkhf 5 myFf

(ii) -4

g 1.2

1.

(i) 4

(ii) -10

2.

(i) 1

(ii) -10

3.

(i) 7

(ii) 7

(vii) -18

(viii) -52

4.

(i) -3

(ii) 10

5.

(i) 10

(ii) -17

7.

efu B

(iii) 2

(iv) -3

(v) -3

(iii) -70

(iv) 110

(v) -57

(iii) 0

(iv) -30

6. -90, -110, 20

(i) 5oC

(vi) 0

(ii) 23oC
g 2.1

(iv) 3x
2

1)

(i) x+7

2)

(i) y uL klFfSl 5I Tl
(ii) y uL klUJ 5I ff
(iii) y uL klFfis 5M tFf

3)
4)

(ii) y-10

(iii) 3y-8

(iv) y IJ klFfis 2M tFf

y 7
(i) y+7, 7y, y-7, 7-y,
,
7 y
(i) z+5
(ii) 7z
(iii) 3z+5
(iv) 2t+30

(v) 10y

(vi) 7x

g 2.2

1)

m) iii

M) iii

) iv

2)

m) ii

M) iii

) i

3)

48=4 iy. 68 = 2 iy. 208=12 . 158=7 iy.

4)

6+7 =13 iy. 7+7 = 14 iy. 8+7 = 15 . 9+7 = 16 iy.

5)

i) 2-3 = -1 iw braiy.

ii) -2+7 = 5 iw braiy.

iii) 28+8 = 36 iw braiy.

iv) 3-(-7) = 10 iw brwJ.

58

6)
7)

(i) 5 ii) 10
y = 12

8)

15, 18, 24, 27, 30, 33, 39, 42, 45 ; z = 10

9)

1, 3, 4, 6 ; p = 12

iii) 9

iv) 35

v) 20

g 3.1

1)
6.

(I) 46 br.

(II) 21 br.

(III) 28 br.

(IV) 24 br.

(V) 21br.

2) 16 myFf

4) 22 br.

5) 12 br.

1128

7. ` 109
g 3.2

(i) r.br.,

(ii) r.br.,

(iii)r.,

(iv) r..,

(v)r.

g 3.3

1)

m) 16 r.m

M) 8 r.m
g 3.4

1)

(i) 24 br., 35 r.br. (ii) 4br., 40r.br.

(iii) 12, 36

(iv) 7, 32

2)

(i) 36 r.

3) (i) 6 r.br.

(ii) 18 r.br.

(ii) 75 r.

4) 36 r.br.

5) rJu gu brtf guig l mfkhf UF.

6) 600 rJuf

7) 14 r.
g 4.1

1)

(i) 180o (ii) _W gffS (iii) Urkgf Knfhz

(iv) brnfhz Knfhz

(v) mf

2)

_W nfhzf, _W gffS

3)

(i) nfhz Knfhz

(vi) 3

(ii) brnfhz Knfhz

(iii) FWnfhz Knfhz (iv) nfhz Knfhz

4)

(i) M (ii) M (iii) KoahJ (iv) KoahJ (v) KoahJ

5)

(i) U rk gf Knfhz (ii) rk gf Knfhz

(iii) mrk gf Knfhz (iv) mrk gf Knfhz

6)

(i) ayhJ

(ii) ayhJ (iii) aY (iv) ayhJ

59

(vii) 3

fzF

1)

g 6.1

I)

1) 2006

2) 2010

3) 2008, 2009

4) 600

5) r

II) 1)  L fl xbthU

tifY vts bry bragLsJ

vgij FwJ. 2) %. 60,000 3) %. 70,000 4) bk %. 70,000
5) bkhj bry %. 2,30,000

III) 1) 35 2) 40 3) brth 4) PhW 5)310

IV) 1) g D 2) g A 3) 5000 4) 19000
5)
e hF gfY cs bkhj jff vif
g 6.3

I.

1) bt, 40 2) 25

3) f, r

4) xU thu jahfgl rilf tu 5) 10 rilf

II. 1) 90
5)

2) fj 3) 130

ghl
kbg

My

fj

ma

r_f ma

70

60

100

90

65

III. 1) to
2) gF tu khztf gagLJ thfdf ga tu
3) 150

4) 100 khztf

5) kGJ

IV) 1) nt 2007 Kj 2012 tiu Vu khj g bragl ruhr

btgiyia FF.
2) 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011& 2012
3) 2007 & 2012, 450C,
V) 1) 14

4) 2009,300C

5) nt

2) yhJ 3) bj Mfh 4) 4

VI) 1) X murhf 1998-2002 M MLf nfhJik tha ms

fis FF. 2) 1999 3) 2000 & 2001 4) 110 Mu lf

60

vdh Ko, eh brnj

ghl :
t.v

eh

ghl v

ghljiy

61

braghL

Fiu