MACMILLAN Essential DICTIONARY FOR LEARNERS OF AMERICAN-ENGLISH | Jome Hasercto Casi‘Macmillan Education Between Towns Road, Oxford, OX4 3PP_ TR aivision of Macmillan Publishers Limited Asapanles and representatives througout the world Paperback edition ISBN-13: 978-0335-99211-1 1SBN-10: 0933-99211-3 Paperback edition + CD-ROM ISBN-13: 978-0339-99212-8 ISBN-10; 0:339-90212-1 ‘Text © Bloomsbury Publishing Plc 2003 and © A&C Black Publishers Ltd 2005, Design and illustrations © Macmillan Publishers Limited 2008 First published 2003 ‘Allrights reserved; no part of this publication may be reproduced, Area in a retrieval system, transmitted in any form, or by any means Sieetronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior writien permission of the publishers. ‘The Macmillan Essential Dictionary was conceived, compiled and edited. by the Reference and Electronic Media Division of Bloomsbury Publishing Plc. ‘This Dictionary includes words On the basis of their use in the English Tanguage today. Some words are identified'as being trademarks or service marks, Neither the presence nor absence of such identification in this Dictionary is to be regarded as affecting in any way, or expressing a judgement on, the validity or legal status of any trademark, service mark, or other proprietary rights anywhere in the world. World English Corpus ‘The definitions in the Macmillan Essential Dictionary have been based on information derived from 200 million words of English which make up the World English Corpus. This consists of the Bloomsbury Corpus of World English® (owned by A&C Black Publishers Ltd) with additional material exclusively developed for this Dictionary, including BLT materials and a ‘corpus of common errors made by learners of English. Cover design by Boag Associates, London, United Kingdom ‘Typeset by Butler and Tanner, Frome, United Kingdom Printed and bound in China 2007 1098CONTENTS Grammar Codes inside front cover introduction vi Using the Dictionary vii-ix Entries That Are Numbers x The Dictionary 1-821 Color tilustra between pages 278 and 279 House C1 Kitchen Office Clothes Car Transportation Shapes Language Study between pages 464 and 465 Collocation Ls2 Topic Vocabulary: Entertainment Ls6 People and Relationships us7 Travel and Tourism, $8 Work Ls9 New Technology: ‘Communication Ls10 Computers and the Internet Ls10 Media Newspapers, usi2 Television usi2 Pronunciation usi4 Metaphor Lsi6 Word Formation Ls18 Register Ls20 Text Types Ls22 Color Illustrations between pages 574 and 575 Trees and Flowers co Fruit c10 Vegetables cu Animals cia Body cia Sports C15 Gym and Games C16 Geographical Names and Nationalities 822-825, Capital Letters and Punctuation 826-827 Phrasal Verbs 828 Labels 829 Pronunciation Guide inside back coverlv Editor-in-Chief Michael Rundell Associate Editor Gwyneth Fox EDITORIAL TEAM Managing Editor Michael Mayor Editors la O'Shea Phonetician Robert Clevenger Elizabeth Potter Dinah Jackson Rosalind Combley Glennis Pye Korey Ege Howard Sargeant Proofreaders Gloria George Karen Stem Sandra Anderson Stephen Handort nny St Ruth Hillmore Dan Malt Irene Lakhani PROJECT TEAM Project Manager Database Manager Production Editor Katy McAdam Edmund Wright Nicky Thompson Production Production Design Dictionaries’ Manager Director Holen Taylor Rowena Drewett Penny Edwards "amey Publishing Project Database Corpus Directors Coordinators Administrator Development Kathy Rooney “Joe! Adams: James Orpin Gloria George Sue Bale Katalin Sule OTHER CONTRIBUTORS Editorial and Keyboarding Mustrations Assistance lan Foulis and Associates ‘Simon Arnold Peter Harper Rebecca McKee IMustrated Arts Lisa Milford Stuart Latford lan M, Spackma ‘Alan Male Oxford Illustrators Peter Richardson Martin Shovelsou, 1904 s90u-UeyBne) \SeUOIN emg Winky ems WH ng ewouor youquiars sto1d oaky Suoap wy eppu 910d seg euuy 100 1ue9uIA, SWUON AO Jel 219A eqeoow euuy PROLEWOY BED seyBajeg seydorsiy seurequly e1pne| ‘agsiog uer solewuariig eve Jeinonsed ut ‘Aseuono1p ey2 10} 01 padjey eney om pue yoddns pue eoIApe eidoad Auew! 242 yuEKA 01 21 PinoM ssoysiand sys aigenjen uan8 ancy ous 201g ‘yc eyiseig ‘suoneloy UBiai04 Jo AsIUW\ ‘Awapery shewojdig uayize1g “welBor, {ysi6ug out jo s0}eup1009, Joyiem ees, ouine ue ‘eulen uelnsuod | lwepun ueupy vsin HOA MAN Jo AUSIENUN, Ag ‘aininsu aGen5uey {si6ug feuonewiaruy 969110, eluny] ‘Iuewidojanag, Aynae4 40 soveuppio0g pysajdwieyg uesng, seuren pue sowine 113 esmoud did an yoMEM 0 Aysianun ‘uoneon seyoea) aBenBue7 ys 40} en1ue9 ‘18iM907 101U8S IN AEH 4a, SLNaW9G31MONOV e1puy ‘tyjaq ‘ABojoUyDaL Jo eimnsuy uerpuy ‘saouareg \e!20g pue semuewny Jo ueuuedeg ‘ysi6u3 SINBUI] 40 40Ssa}01 MBN 1UIUDANY 40sse}014 vsn awry ‘2161085 yo Aysianiun ‘sonsinBury ue ysi6ug jo 10ss9j014 ‘Areo:99WN "y Uog 4q yeulen pue sone 173 Zounweyy wou ede ‘Ausienun Whey ‘so1Wwou0D3 pue ‘Somfod 40 j00495 40S89}01d HOW UIAey{ Jossajo1g Buoy 80} ‘ABojouyoe| pue Boue!DS 40 Aussonun Buoy BuoH, ‘enuag aBen6uey ‘oronnsul ue WN 1D Ay ¥n ‘smaIpuy 1g Jo Ausi@RIU ‘Buryoe| oBen6ue7 ysilBu3 J0%08:1q @sinog ‘e06eW ouer Jouren pue sowne 1713 ‘Kouee7 APUID soyoeo pue soyine 1713 ‘ey ong seyoeer pue souine 173 ‘souop ueybnen souren pue souine 113 euse5 uous euyg ‘Suliog ‘Aysienlun se6en6ue7 UuBiai04 "ysi}OUg Jo sossajo1g up] wayg Jossejoug, 310 Joodvenn jo Alsionun “wun sepms eBen6ue7 usi6u3 paydy au Jo 1033011 pue aBenduey usy6U3 Jo Jossej0%d SeuIeg A@OH [@2YOI 40sS2J01g Jesiapy JOlu TANVd ANOSIAGV a