Ecolex 1 Ek

sTanuRkmesdkic
Economic Lexicon
PaKTI 1 Gg;eKs - Exr
Part One: English Khmer
PaKTI 2 Exr - Gg;eKs

Part Two: Khmer English
erobcMeday Epke)aHBum<pSay n
viTasanbNHbNal nig RsavRCavedIm,IGPivDn_km<Ca
viTasanbNHbNal nig RsavRCavedIm,IGPivDn_km<Ca

Cambodia Development Resource Institute
PMeBj/ tula 2006
Economic Lexicon
Copyright 2006 Cambodia Development Resource Institute
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval
system or transmitted in any form or by any meanselectronic, mechanical,
photocopying, recording, or otherwisewithout the written permission of the Cambodia
Development Resource Institute.
ISBN 99950-52-00-8
Cambodia Development Resource Institute

" 56 Street 315, Tuol Kork, Phnom Penh
PO Box 622, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
(855-23) 881-384/881-701/881-916/883-603 (855-23) 880-734

e-mail: cdri@camnet.com.kh website: http://www.cdri.org.kh
Editing: Publishing Team

Design and Layout: Em Sorany and Oum Chantha
Printed and bound in Cambodia by JSRC Printing House
Foreword
I am pleased to introduce a new edition of CDRIs Economic Lexicon, an EnglishKhmer and Khmer-English guide to technical terms in economics and related fields
such as accounting, banking, finance, and development. CDRI's recent experience
in publishing, and contributing to a range of publications, conferences, seminars
and workshops, has shown that there is a real need for such a resource to assist
stakeholders in Cambodia's development to use more standard and easily
understood terms in Khmer and English when writing about development issues.
Our new 2006-10 Strategic Plan includes a commitment to produce research
products that are more flexible and appropriate for Cambodia. This new edition of
the Economic Lexicon is an expression of that commitment. We hope that it will
help promote the expansion of development material originally written in Khmer,
and the quality of translation from English material into Khmer.
The lexicon is in two parts. Part 1: The English-Khmer Lexicon, is a revision and
expansion of the last edition published in 1995. Over the past 10 years there have
been many developments in technical language. This is especially true for the
Khmer language, where many new words have been created and many others have
changed their meaning or become more specific. Also, many more technical
Khmer documents are being produced by various institutions taking different
approaches to the use of language.
CDRI, like many other institutions, publishes technical and policy documents on a
wide range of development-related topics. Wherever possible, CDRI's editorial
team makes great efforts to use words that are already in use in official documents
and to refrain from creating new words. This is not always easy as official
documents may use different Khmer words to express the same meaning, so
choices have to be made as to what would be the most commonly understood word
or term. Sometimes a new word or term needs to be used for a new concept which
-i-
does not yet have a specific translation in Khmer. Wherever possible a

combination of simple words is used to express any new idea or concept.
Part II, The Khmer-English Lexicon, is new. It has been compiled in response to
requests from many of our readers who may have some difficulty with Khmer
technical terms, especially new ones. Where there is no exact equivalent, this
lexicon provides the nearest translation. It does not contain a detailed explanation
for each word, and the reader is advised to use the English word to further research
its meaning. The reason the lexicon contains many headwords of Pali or Sanskrit
origin is that their meaning is not immediately obvious to the general public.
Wherever any one particular word is not very much in use, the reader is referred to
another word more frequently used or more readily understandable.
Extensive research and the opinions of many people have gone into the
compilation of this lexicon. CDRI would like to thank everyone who has
contributed to this final product. We hope this lexicon will serve as a tool to help
readers to make better use of both CDRI publications and the broader development
literature. We see the lexicon as a continuous ''work in progress' so would welcome
any comments or suggestion from readers to help improve and expand on the
current edition.
Larry Strange
Executive Director CDRI
October 2006
-ii-
buBVkfa
manesckIrIkraysUmENnaMbgajCUnnUv sTanuRkmecjpSayfIeday vbsG EdlCa
bNMBakbkERb Gg;eKs-Exr nig Exr-Gg;eKs kgvisyCMnajbeckeTsCaeRcIn dUcCaxag
KNeny FnaKar hirBavt nigkarGPivDn_CaedIm . bTBiesaFn_naeBlfIrbs; vbsG kgkar
e)aHBum<pSay nigkarcUlrYmeFVIGtbTpSBVpSaysnisIT sikasala )anbgajfa ksarEbbenH
mantMrUvkareRcIn sMrab;CYydl;mCdanGkBak;BnnwgkargarGPivDn_RbeTskm<Ca kgkareRbIR)as;
BakExr nigGg;eKs [)ankPaBKa niggayyl; enAeBlsresrGtbTBIbBaaGPivDn_ .
enAkgEpnkaryuTsaRs vbsG qaM2006-10 manEcgBIkartaMgcitksagplitplRsavRCavEdl
smRsbsMrab;RbeTskm<Ca . sTanuRkmenH KWCalTplmYynkartaMgcitenH ehIysgwmfa nwg
GacCYyCMrujkarsresrGtbTedIm CaPasaExrEtmg RBmTaMgCYybegInKuNPaBkarbkERb
ksarGg;eKsCaPasaExr .
snanuRkmenHmanEbgEckecjCaBIrPaK . PaK1 KWCasnanuRkmGg;eKs-Exr EdlCa
ksarBRgIkbEnm elIsnanuRkme)aHBum<pSayelIkTI2 eday vbsG enAqaM1995 . kgryeBl
10qaMkngmk BakeBcn_beckeTsmankarvivtn_EvgqayNas; . edayELkenAkgPasaExr man
karbegItBakfICaeRcIn nigmanBakBImunCaeRcIneTotEdl)anERbRbYlny rWkmannykan;EtCak;
lak;EfmeTot . m:ageTot sabnnanakksag ksarCaPasaExr)aneRcInNas;Edr edayman
EbbbTxusKakgkareRbIR)as;BakeBcn_ .
vbsG kdUcsabneTotEdr )ane)aHBum<pSayksarbeckeTsmYycMnYnFM EdlBak;Bn
nwgRbFanbTCaeRcIn . RkumGkniBnsTanuRkmenH )anxwtxMkt;RtaykBakNaEdlmaneRbIrYc
ehIyenAkgksarpvkarnana nigeCosvagkarbegItBakfI . b:uEnviFIenHminGacGnuvt)anCab;
rhUteT BIeRBaHmanksarpvkarmYycMnYn)aneRbIBakxusKaedIm,IbBaak;BInyEtmYydUcKa . dUecH
ehIy kRtUvmankareRCIserIsykBakNaEdleKGacyl;ny)anCaTUeTACag . CYnkaleTot
BakfIRtUvEtbegIteLIgedIm,IsMKal;GtnymYyEdlminTan;manBakExrsMrab;ehAy:agCak;lak; .
kgkrNIEbbenH nigtamlTPaBGaceFVIeTA)an KWEtgGnuvtykBaksamBamkpMKa edIm,IbegIt
CaBakmannyfImYyeTot .
-iii-
PaK2 snanuRkm Exr-Gg;eKs PaKenHKWCaksarcgRkgfITaMgRsug edIm,IeqIytbnwg

sMNUmBrrbs;GkGanCaeRcIn Edl)anCYbbBaaxHBak;BnnwgBakbeckeTsExr CaBiess
BakfI . kgkrNIBMuGacrk)anBakesI snanuRkmenHmanpl; BakbkERbEdlmannyEk,rKa
bMput . snanuRkmenHBMumanpl;karBnl;nylMGitelIBaknImYyeT b:uEnGkGanGaceRbIR)as;
BakGg;eKs edIm,IeFVIkarRsavRCavnybEnmeTot)an . m:ageTot snanuRkmmankt;RtaBak
CaeRcInEdlmanbsKl;ecjBI)alI rWsMRswt BIeRBaHmanGkGanCaeRcInminGacyl;nyrbs;va)an
PameT . kgkrNIBakNamYyminsUvmaneKeRbIR)as;snanuRkmmancuHBakmYyeTotEdlRkum
GkniBnyl;famankareRbIR)as; jwkjab;Cag rWkGacqab;yl;)anCag .
snanuRkmenH)ancgRkgeLIg edaymankarRsavRCavy:agTUlMTUlay nigkarCYymtiBI
GkmancMeNHdwgCMnajCaeRcInnak; . vbsG sUmEfgGMNrKuNdl;RKb;KaEdl)ancUlrYmcMENk
CYyeRCamERCg[smiTiplfIenHelcecjCarUbrageLIg . vbsG sgwmfa snanuRkmenHkayCa
]bkrN_mYyCYydl;GkGannanakgkareRbIR)as;ksarepSgrbs; vbsG RBmTaMgksarxag
GPivDn_epSgeTot . vbsG cat;TukksarenHCa {kargarbneTAmuxCanic} ehIysUmsVaKmn_
RKb;mtieyabl;BIGkGan edIm,IeFVIkarEklMG nigBRgIksTanuRkm[)aneCOnelOneTAmuxeTot .
PMeBj/ Extula qaM2006

LarI esn
naykRbtibti vbsG
-iv-
PaKTI 1
Gg;eKs-Exr
Part
EnglishKhmer
PartOne:
One: EnglishKhmer
Economic Lexicon Part 1
abuse of trust karrMelaPesckITukcit

abuse of process karbMBanelInItiviFI
accelerate v. Benn
accelerated depreciation method
A, a
a posteriori kgbcakal
abacus n. k,ac; ]bkrN_buraNsMrab;
viFIKitrMls;bgM
Kitelx
accept (a bill of exchange) TTYlRBm
abandonment of a trade (occupation)
rUbiyaNti>>>
kare)aHbg;muxCMnYjGVImYy
abatement karbny f/ Bn>>>
aberration karXatBIsPaBFmta/
kMritxusKa/ karPnRcLM
abeyance karpak/ goods in ~ TMnijKan
GkTTYl
abide v. eKarB/ eFVItam/ ~ by a promise
kan;Baksna
abolish v. lubecal
above-mentioned dUcmanEcgxagelI
abrogate v. TukCanarakrN_
absolute acceptance karTTYlRBmTaMg
Rsug
absolute advantage ]tmPaBdac;xat
absolute majority vote sMelgPaKeRcIn
dac;xat CagBak;kNalncMnYnGkmke)aH
eqat
absolute poverty PaBRkIRkCak;Esg/
PaBRkIRkdac;xat
absolute (total) loss kMhatsrubsuT
absorption karRsUbcUl/ karbBalCasaxa
absorptive capacity smtPaBRsUbyk
abstain Gnub,vaT
abstract n. & v. 1> sMrg;GtbT 2> eFVI
GrUbIykm
accept deposit v. TTYl R)ak;beBaIR)ak;
tMkl;
acceptance karTTYlRBm/ notification of
~ lixitCUndMNwgkarTTYlRBm/ present a bill
for ~ bgajrUbiyaNtiedIm,IsMukarbBaak;
TTYlsal;/ ~ in full karTTYlRBmTaMgRsug
acceptance certificate viBaabnbRt
TTYlRBm
access 1> lTPaB)aneRbIR)as;
2> lTPaBpv eTAdl;

accessible price fEdlGacTijdUr)an
accession n. 1> ])aKmn_ kar)anCa
kmsiTinUvvtrNb 2> karcUlCasmaCik
accident insurance
karFanar:ab;rgelIeRKaHfak;
acclimate v. pSanwgGakasFatufI
accord karRBmeRBog
accordance karGnuBaateGay/ in ~ with
edayGnuelameTAtam
account KNnI
account amended KNnI)anEksMrYl
account book esovePAKNnI
account currency rUbiyvtTUTat;
account day fTUTat;
1
account holder mas;KNnI

account payable KNnIRtUvsg
account payee only sMrab;EtsgcUlKNnI
account receivable KNnIRtUvTar/ KNnI
accrued (interest/rent...) income
cMNUl karR)ak; )anKitbEnm

accrued interest karR)ak;)anKitbEnm
accumulate bgrTuk/ smacy/ bUkRtYt/
accumulated depreciation rMls;bgrTuk
accuracy PaBCak;lak;/ PaBRtwmRtUv
accused n. CnCab;ecaT
GtifiCn
account, sales r)aykarN_lk;TMnij
account, unit of ktaKit
account, domestic KNnIpkg
account, expense KNnIcMNay
account, outstanding
acknowledge receipt (of a cheque...)
TTYlsal;karTTYl mUlb,TanbRt>>>
acknowledge v. TTYlsal;
acknowledgment (of receipt)
KNnIenAminTan;sg
accountability KNenyPaB PaBTTYl
xusRtUv/ to demand ~ from TamTar
KNenyPaBBI
accountancy KNeny (GB)/ KNenykic
accountant KNenykr/ chartered ~ or
public ~ (US) KNenykrrdTTYlsal;
accounting KNeny (US)/ financial ~
KNenyhirBavt/ tax ~ KNenyBndar
accounting analysis karviPaKKNeny
accounting cycle vdKNeny
accounting period RKaKNeny/
KNenykal
accounting plan bg;KNeny
accounting price fKNeny
esckIbBaak;fa)anTTYl
acquire v. eFVIlTkm
acquisition lTkm/ kar)anmkCakmsiTi
acquittance roll bNsgR)ak;
act of war ehtuekIteLIgedaysgam/
sanPaBsitkgsgam
acting chairman/woman RbFansITI
activate eFVIeGayskmeT,Ig
activity skmPaB/ business ~ skmPaB
GaCIvkm
actor tYGg/ economic ~ tYGgesdkic
act of God RbFanski
actual Cak;Esg/ ~ delivery karRbKl;
Cak;Esg/ ~ order karbBaaTijCak;Esg
ad hoc committee KNkmaFikarcMeBaHkic
ad valorem duty Bnyktamf
ad valorem freight fdwkCBanyktamfTMnij
addendum, law on c,ab;sIBIc,ab;bEnm
additional bEnm/ ~ insurance karFana
r:ab;rgbEnm/ ~ premium buBVlaPbEnm
accounting statement
r)aykarN_KNeny
accounting system RbBnKNeny
accreditation karEtgtaMg/ karTTYlsal;
accredited party PaKITTYlsar\NTan
accrued (interest/rent...) expense
cMNay karR)ak; )anKitbEnm

2
additional profit tax (APT)
svnakarEdlKUkItTl;Ka
adverse minl/ minGMeNaypl/ ~ factor/
trade balance ktaCBaIgBaNiCkm
minGMeNaypl
advertise v. pSayBaNiCkm
BnelIR)ak;cMeNjbEnm
addressee GkTTYl lixit/ GkEdlRtUvTTYl
adequate smlm
adjourn v. elIkvarkal/ pak
adjudicate CMrHkI
advertisement, advertising
adjusting entries (accounting)
karpSayBaNiCkm
elxnaEktMrUv
advertising campaign yuTnakarpSay
adjustment kMENtMrUv/ ~ account KNnI

EktMrUv/ ~ factor (AF) ktaEktMrUv/ ~ value
tMlEktMrUv
administrative expenses cMNayrd)al
BaNiCkm
advice note lixitCUnBtman/ lixitCUneyabl;
advice, collection lixitCUndMNwgkar
administrative-economic entity
advice, debit/credit Rbkas \NBn
GgPaBesdkicrd)al
\NTan
admissible evidence PstagRbevsnI/

PstagTTYlyk)an
adult eBjvy/ ~ citizen RbCaBlrdeBjvy
advance buerRbTan R)ak;ebIk[mun/
~ deposit R)ak;kk;mun
advance money R)ak;buerRbTan/ R)ak;
pl;eGaymun
advance notice karpl;dMNwgCamun
advance on documents buerRbTan
sMGagelIksar
advance on securities buerRbTaneday
manvtFana
advance payment karTUTat;Camun
advancement kareCOnelOneTAmux/
karrIkcMerIn
advantage ]tmPaB
adversary proceeding svnakarRbtibkS
advice, dispatch/shipment
/forwarding lixitCUndMNwgbBanTMnij
adviser (advisor) TIRbwkSa/ financial ~
RbmUlR)ak;
TIRbwkSahirBavt
advising bank FnaKarCUndMNwg
advisory function muxgarpl;eyabl;
advocacy kartsUmti
affidavit lixitEfgsca GHGagscPaB
cMeBaHmuxc,ab;
affiliated company (or associated
company) RkumhunbuRtsm<n/ Rkumhun
Bak;Bn Rkumhunemkab;PaKhunticCag 50
affiliation, political ninakarneya)ay
affinity n. BnPaB/ PaBdUcKa rW manTMnak;
TMngCamYyKa
AFTA-ASEAN Free Trade Area
tMbn;BaNiCkmesrIGasan
3
~ coordination mechanism ynkar

sMrbsMrYlCMnYy/ ~ programme kmviFICMnYy
air bill of lading bNdwkCBanpvGakas
air cargo/freightTMnijbBantamynehaH
air-consignment note bNdwkCBanpvGakas
airport tax BnRBlanynehaH
airway bill bNdwkCBanpvGakas
alien CnbreTs
alien act c,ab;sIBICnbreTs
alienation kareprkmsiTi
alienator n samIbrivt/ Gklk; rW eprsiTi[eK
alimony R)ak;]btm BIbIeTARbBn rWBIRbBn
after-tax income cMNUleRkaykat;Bn

aftercost cMNaybEnm
age group RkumGayu
agency TIPak;gar/ employment ~ kariyaly
rkkargareGayeFIV/ pre-investment ~ TIPak;gar
Binti lTPaB muneBlvinei yaK

agenda rebobvar/ kargarEdlRtUveFVI
agent Pak;gar/ sole ~ tMNagpac;mux
agglomerate pMcUlKa
aggregate GgpSM/ tYelxRbmUlpM/ ~ demand/
supply tMrUvkarkarpt;pg; srub
aggregate, monetary xnb,maNrUbiyvt/
rUbiyvtTaMgGs;
aggregation karpM/ xnb,aT/ karpMGgpSM
aggrieved person Gkminsuxcit
agrarian ndIFI/ ~ reform kMENTMrg;dIFI
agrarian society sgmksikm
agreed (price) f RBmeRBog
agreement kicRBmeRBog/ verbal ~ kic
BmeRBogpal;mat;/ ~ on the exchange of
goods kicRBmeRBogsIBIkarpas;brTMnij/ ~ in
principle kicRBmeRBogCaeKalkarN_
agribusiness ksi-BaNiCkm
agricultural product ksipl
agriculture ksikm/ Ministry of
eTAbI/ eRkayeBlElgKa
allegation karecaTRbkan;edaymin)an
bgajPstag
allegiance (politics) karesaHsRK
allegiance, oath of scaRbNiFan
alliance sm<nPaB
all-in price fsBVRKb; TMnij/ Fanar:ab;rg/
dwkCBan>>>
allocate v. (fund) lEck/ eFVIviPaCn_/
allocated resources FnFanEdl)anlEck
allocation 1> karlEck/ karviPaCn_/
proportional ~ karlEcksmamaRt
2> R)ak;viPaCn_
allotment of shares karEbgEckPaKhun
allowance R)ak;]btm/ TayCTan/
depreciation ~ TayCTan[dl;rMls;/
family ~ R)ak;]btmRKsar/ make an ~
eFVIkarbBaHfkgkarlk;eGayGkTij
all-risks insurance/policy karbN
Fanara:b;rghaniPyRKb;RbePT
Agriculture Forestry and Fisheries
RksYgksikm rukaRbmaj; nigensaT

agro-industry ksi-]sSahkm
agronomist ekSRtviTU
agronomy ekSRtsaRs/ ekSRtviTa
aid CMnYy/ economic ~ CMnYyEpkesdkic/ ~
agreement kicRBmeRBogpl;CMnYy/
4
life ~ CIvFnlaP
annulment emaXkm/ karcat;TukCaGasasUn
antedate v. cuHbuerkalbriecT/ cuHkalbriecT
alteration karEk BakelxbBaI

KNeny>>> edayekaslubsresrRtYt>>>
alternative CMerIsmeFa)ayepSgeTot/ ~
technology beckviTaEbbepSg Gac
eRbICMnYs)an
amalgamation karbBal Ka
ambition karR)afadelIslub/ mhicta
amelioration n. kareFIVeGayRbesIreT,Ig/
suvuDikm
amendment 1> viesaFnkm c,ab;>>>/
~ of a contract viesaFnkmkicsna/
~ advice lixitCUndMNwgsIBIkarEksMrYl
viesaFnkm 2> c,ab; b maRtanc,ab;Edl
RtUv)anEkERbehIy
amicable settlement dMeNaHRsay
RbkbedaykareyaKyl; min)ac;eTAtulakar
amnesty karelIkElgeTas
amortisation of a debt karrMls;bMNul
amount TwkR)ak;/ gross ~ TwkR)ak;dul/
~ of invoice TwkR)ak;nvikybRt
amount past due TwkR)ak;hYskalkMNt;sg
analysis karviPaK/ cost ~ karviPaKBIfedIm/ ~
of job requirements karviPaKtMrUvkarkargar
GtItkal
anthropology mnusSsaRs/ nrviTa
anti- RbqaMg/ anti-personnel mine
mInRbqaMgmnusS
anticipated profit R)ak;cMeNjeRBogTuk
anti-dumping karRbqaMgnwgkarlk;bgc
f/ ~ duty BnRbqaMgnwgkarlk;bgcf
anti-inflation measure/programme
viFankarkmviFI Tb;Tl;GtiprNa
anti-trust law c,ab;RbqaMgnwgRtws
apellate court sala]TrN_
apparatus briFan/ bznPN
appeal 1> bNwgtv:a/ ]TrN_
2> karGMBavnav
appliance eRKOgeRbIR)as;
applicant Gkdak;BaksMu
applicant for a letter of credit
Gkdak;BaksMuGkesIsMu ebIksar\NTan
applied economics viTasaRsesdkic
apply v. dak; Gnuvt/ applied research
karRsavRCavsMrab;Gnuvt
appointed days, on naf)ankMNt;
appointment karEtgtaMg/ permanent ~
analysis, discounted cash flow (DCF)
karviPaKcracrsac;R)ak;
analytical thinking KMnitviPaK
ancestor buBVCn
ancillary services esvakmbnab;bnSM
to the rank of administrative agent
kartaMgsubkgzannrskiPak;garrd)al
apportion v. EbgEck
apportionment bMENgEck
appraisal karvaytm
annual RbcaMqaM/ ~ budget KMeragfvikaRbcaMqaM

annualised adj. KitelImUldanRbcaMqaM
annuity FnlaP/ R)ak;sMNgRbcaMqaM/
5
appreciation 1> kareLIg ftMl

2> mUlvicar karvaytMl
3> karTTYlsal;KuNPaB 4>GMNrKuN
approach viFIsaRs
appropriate adj. smRsb/ ~ size TMhM
smRsb/ ~ technology beckviTasmRsb
appropriation (financial) R)ak; viPaCn_
R)ak;lTukenAmagsMrab;eKaledAedayELk
appropriation accounts KNnIcMNUlcMNay
approval karyl;RBm/ on ~ etagman
karyl;RBm
approximately RbEhl/ RbmaN
aquaculture, aquatic culture varIvb,km
aquatic product Clpl
aquatic resources FnFanClpl
arable land dIGacdaMduH
arbiter mCtkr GkmanGMNac\TiBl
edIm,IeFVIkarkat;kI ]> kgkickarrd
arbitrage 1> mCtkm 2> kareprTunBIpSar
mYyeTApSarmYyedIm,IeqtrkkMr
arbitrageur GkeprTunBIpSarmYyeTApSar
mYyedIm,IeqtrkkMr
arbitrary tamEtGMeBIcit
arbitration mCtPaB/ mCtvinicy/
karkat;kIedayGaCJakNal/ ~ committee
KNkmkarmCtkm
arbitrator mCtkr xagBaNiCkm
architectural company RkumhunsikSa
KMeragbg;
architecture sabtkm/ nimabnkm
area unit ktatMbn;
area, free trade tMbn;BaNiCkmesrI

area-based frame eRKagelImUldantMbn;
arid area tMbn;stEhg
arithmetic nBVn/ ~ mean mFmnBVn
arms length sale karlk;KankareyaK
yl;Biess
arrears bMNulyWty:avminTan;sg/ to be in
~ yWty:avkgkarsgbMNul
art work sadsil,
article of copartnership
kicsnacUlhun/ maRtashPaKkm
articles of association (GB) or bylaws (US) lknik
articles of incorporation (US) or
memorandum of association (GB)
GnusSarNbegItRkumhun
articulate v. bBaak;CaBakeBCn_
as provided, as stated, set forth
dUcmanEcg kgc,ab;
Asean Free Trade Area (AFTA)
tMbn;BaNiCkmesrIGasan
assembly line ExSplitkm tMelIgeRKOgcRk
assessed taxes Bn)ankMNt;
assessment karvaytMl
assessor of taxes GkkMNt;BnvayBn
asset RTBskm/ RTBsm,ti/ current ~
RTBskmcrn/ foreign ~ RTBskmCa
rUbiybN FnaKar/ RTBenAbreTs, fixed
(capital) ~ RTBskmCab;lab; ksarxH
ehAfa GclnRTB EdlRtUvnwgBak
immovable property), tangible ~
RTBrUbI/ frozen ~ RTBpib/ intangible ~
6
RTBGrUbI/ financial ~ RTBhirBavt

assign (property) eprsiTieRbIR)as;Gclnvt
assignable credit sar\NTanGacepr)an
assignee 1> Gnub,Tanik GkTTYlsiTi
RTBsm,tikarEtgtaMg
2> GkTTYlsiTiRbTan/ GaNtiKahk
assignee in bankruptcy GkRtUv)an
cat;taMg[RKb;RKgRTBsm,tiGkkSyFn
assignor 1> Gnub,TayI GkeprRTBsm,ti/
GkeFVIkarcat;taMg
2> GkRbKl;siTi/ GaNtiTayk
assimilation smankm kareFVI[RCYtRCab
assistance kar]btm/ CMnYy/ CMnYy]btm
assistant CMnYykar/ brivckarI/ ]bkarI
assistant accountant KNenykrCMnYykar
assistant manager Gkcat;karrg
attorney 1> GaNtiKahk GkTTYlGaNti

2> tMNagkarBarkI 3> emFavI
attractive adj. Tak;Taj/ ~ prices
fTak;TajGtifiCn
auction karedjf
auction sale karlk;edjf
audit n. & v. 1> svnkm/ external ~
svnkmBIxageRkA/ internal ~ svnkmpkg
2> eFVIsvnkm BinitEqk bBaIKNeny
auditing svnkm/ National Auditing
Authority GaCJaFrsvnkmCati/ ~ procedures
nItiviFIsvnkm
auditor svnkr GkRtYtBinitbBaI/ sgkar
KNeny/ independent/external ~
svnkrkraC
auspices kar]btm/ under the ~ enAeRkam
vaT sabn
austerity PaBt,itet,t/ PaBtwgrwg/ tbkm
autarchy GMNacRbeTskan;rbb pac;kar
autarky sVyaFibety/ esdkicmas;kar
xngpal;/ minBwgEpkelI karnaMecj-naMcUl rW
CMnYyesdkic
authentic deed/act lixityfaPUt
authenticate eFVInItanukUlkm bBaak;faBit
authenticity yfaPaB
authorised bank FnaKarmankarGnuBaat/
FnaKarRbtiRsuti
authorised capital edImTuncuHbBaI
authoritarianism GMNacniym
authority siTiGMNac/ GaCJaFr/ rdGMNac
authorisation 1> esckIGnuBaat
associated company (see affiliated

company) RkumhunBak;Bn
association smaKm/ bar ~ KNemFavI
assurance 1> karFanar:ab;rg
2> PaBR)akdkgcit KankarsgSy

at call, money kMcIEdlmas;bMNulGacTar
ykvij)anPam
at par, share PaKhunEdlmantMlenA
pSarhunesIKanwgtMlcuHelIsnwkbNPaKhun
at sight draft rUbiyaNtiRtUvsgR)ak;enA
eBlbgaj
at sight, to pay sgR)ak;eBlbgajksar
ATM (automatic teller machine)
m:asuInebIkR)ak;sVyRbvti
attitude \riyabf
7
2> lixitGnuBaat
authorised representative tMNagman
back out v. dkxnecj/ ~ from a
contract dkxnecjBIkicsna
back to back xgTl;xg/ ~ credit
siTRi bTan/ GaCJanukarI tMNagmankarGnuBaat

automatic teller machine (see ATM)
m:asuInebIkR)ak;sVyRbvti
\NTanxgTl;xg
back up v. KaMRT/ bBaak;KaMRT/ ~ a claim
bBaak;KaMRTkarGHGag
backbone infrastructure ehdarcna
sm<nqwgxg ehdarcnasm<neKal
backdate v. cuHbuerkalbriecT/
cuHkalbriecTGtItkal
backer GkbeBajedImTun/ GkKaMRT
background 1> Rbvti/ savta
2> pxageRkay
backing, financial karKaMRTxaghirBavt
backlog kargarenAKrminTan;eFVI
backup eRtombMrug
backwardness PaBGn;fy
bad debt \NeTyTarmin)an xUc/
\NeTyBi)akTar Cab;sgSy
bad faith GsTa/ KMnitevocevr
bad title bNkmsiTiykCakarmin)an
bad workmanship TwkdGn;/ kareFVImin
)anl plitpl
bail R)ak;Fana ]> R)ak;bg;[tulakaredIm,I[
CnCab;ecaT)anenAeRkAXMu/ ~ bond bNFana
bail out v. 1> segaHRkumhunCYbkarlM)ak
xaghirBavt 2> bg;R)ak;Fanaxn
bailiff n. GaCJasala
bail cover R)ak;Fana
automatic drawing right
siTidkR)ak;sVyRbvti
autonomous economic entity
GgPaBesdkicsVyt
autonomous enterprise shRKassVyt
autonomy sVyPaB/ sVytPaB/ economic
~ sVyPi)alesdkic
average mFm/ ~ annual growth rate
GRtakMeNInmFmRbcaMqaM/ ~ cost tMl
fedIm mFm
average collection period (ACP)
ryeBlRbmUlbMNulCamFm
avoidance, tax karecosvagBn
award n. & v. 1> esckIsMercrbs;GaCJa
kNal 2> rgVan; 3> pl;rgVan;[/ ~ a contract
RbKl;kicsna[
awareness kardwgsal;/ raise public ~
bMpuskaryl;dwgdl;saFarNCn
B, b
baccalaureate (degree)
sBaabRtmFmsikSaTutiyPUmi
bachelors degree fak;briBaabRt
back eRkay/ xageRkay/ ~ interest karR)ak;
minTan;sg/ ~ a bill cuHhtelxaFanaelI
8
eTotsgR)ak;eTAbuKlNamak;
bank financing hirBab,TanFnaKar
bank note RkdasR)ak;
bank of deposit FnaKarTTYlR)ak;beBaI
bank reconciliation karepgpat;FnaKar
GgPaBsamIepgbBaIrbs;xneTAnwgRbkas
\NBn\NTan rbs;FnaKar/ kargarenHEtg
eFVIenAcugEx
bank reference TIsMGagbBaak;BIxagFnaKar
bank statement r)aykarN_Rbkas
FnaKar/ sMrg;KNnIBIFnaKar
bank transfer kareprR)ak;enAFnaKar
bank v. dak;R)ak;enAFnaKar
bailment karepJITuk dak;TMnij[GkepSg

kan;kab; b:uEnGkenaHBMuEmnCamas;kmsiTieT
bait n. nuy/ use money as ~ eRbIluyCanuy
balance n. 1> tulPaB 2> smtul/ credit/
debit ~ smtul \NTayI \Nayik/ closing
~ smtulcugRKa/ pay the ~ sgR)ak;CMBak;/
positive ~ smtul viCman/ ~ on goods and
services smtulTMnijnigesva
balance of payments CBaIgTUTat;/
~ deficit/surplus nPaBGtierk CBaIgTUTat;
balance of trade CBaIgBaNiCkm
balance sheet taragtulkar/ off- ~
items xg;eRkAtaragtulkar/ ~ date f
eFVItaragtulkar
balance v. eFVIeGaymantulPaB
balance v. an account bUksrubKNnI
balance v. the budget eFVItulkarfvika
bale KIb/ eb vtGVImYymancMnYneRcIndUcCa
RkNat; Rkdas esA>>> EdlcgCa dMukNab;
bank FnaKar/ central ~ FnaKarkNal/
deposit money bank FnaKarTTYl
R)ak;beBaI/ national ~ FnaKarCati
bank acceptance bNTTYlRBmedayFnaKar
bank account KNnIFnaKar
bank book esovePAFnaKar/ esovePAepJI
R)ak;enAFnaKar
bank charge esahuyFnaKar
bank clearing karTUTat;tamFnaKar
bank deposit R)ak;beBaIenAFnaKar
bank draft rUbiyaNtiFnaKar rW bNFnaKar
lixitecjedayFnaKarbBaaeGayFnaKarmYy
bank-credit guarantee scheme
kmviFIFana\NTanrbs;FnaKar
banker FnaKarik
bankers draft (see bank draft)
banking muxCMnYjFnaKar/ muxviCaFnaKar
bankrupt kSyFn/ FnkSy/ niTn
bankruptcy PaBkSyFn/ niTnPaB/
discharge in ~ karrYcputBIkarkSyFn
bar association KNemFavI
barefoot doctor RKUeBTCnbT
bargain and sale kicsnaTij-lk;
bargain v. tf/ (free) collective
bargaining karcrcaBIkartMelIgR)ak;Ql
rvagnieyaCit nignieyaCk
barrier r)aMg/ ]bsK/ customs/tariff ~
r)aMgBnKy/ lift trade ~ dkr)aMgBaNiCkm/
non-tariff ~s ( NTBs) r)aMgminEmnBnKy
barrister emFavI Gg;eKs
9
KaneQaH elImUlb,TanbRtKancuHeQaH
GkRtUvebIkR)ak;eT KWfaGkkan;mUlb,TanbRt
GacebIkR)ak;)an
bearer instrument/paper lixitUbkrN_
sMrab;Kahk
beginning inventory sareBIPNedIm qaMRKa
behave v. kan;criya
behaviour Gakb,kiriya
below cost TabCagfedIm
benchmark kMriteKal/ ~ survey GegteKal
benefactor ]bkarI GkTMnukbMrg
u / Gkpg epmI
beneficiary GkTTYlpl/ GtKahk
benefit GtRbeyaCn_/ R)ak;]btm/ medical
~ R)ak;]btmfBa)al
barter karedaHdUrTMnijnigTMnij
karpas;brTMnijedaymineRbIluy
base mUldan/ exOn/ ~ level of
consumption kMritmUldannkareRbIR)as;
base rate GRtaeKal/ GRtamUldan
base year qaMeKal
baseline survey GegtCamUldan
basic CamUldan/ ~ agreement kicRBmeRBog
CamUldan/ ~ price feKal/ ~ research
karRsavRCavCamUldan
basic commodities plitplksikm
CamUldan ksiplFmtaEdlpliteRcIn
dUcCaRsUv/ eBat>>>
basic discount GbhareKal Gbhar
FmtaedayKanbEnmPaKryGVIeTot
basic human needs (BHN) tMrUvkarCa
mUldanrbs;mnusS
basic salary/wage ebovtSr_eKal
ebovtSr_FmtaedayKanbUkR)ak;bEnm
basin (Mekong River) Gag TenemKg
basket n. knk/ consumer ~ or
consumption ~ knkTMnijeRbIR)as;
batch Lt_ GIv:an;EdlplitenAeBlEtmYy/
~ number elxLt_
benefit-cost ratio
smaPaKplcMeNjeFobcMNay
bequeath v. eFVIGcyTanCaclnvt
bequest n. GcyTanCaclnvt/ GMeNay
tamrymrtksasn_
best interest ]tmRbeyaCn_
best-seller esovePAlk;dac;bMput
biannual BIrdgkgmYyqaM/ ~ monitoring
karXaMemIlBIrdgkgmYyqaM
bias lMeGog
bid v. & n. 1> edjf 2> karedjf
bilateral eTVPaKI/ ~ aid/assistance
CMnYyeTVPaKI
bill 1> vikybRt 2> rUbiyaNti
bill at sight vikybRtrUbiyaNti RtUvsg
enAeBlbgaj
bill in transit vikybRtrUbiyaNti kMBugbBan
BCC (business cooperation contract)
kicsnashRbtibtikarBaNiCkm
bear Gklk;snwkhunTMnijrUbiyvt Edl
eCOfaGIv:an;eKnwgcuHf/ ~ market TIpSarEdl
eKeCOfaGWv:an;nwgcuHf
bear v. interest pl;nUvkarR)ak;
bearer Gkkan;/ ~ cheque mUlb,TanbRt
10
bill of entry RbtievTn_Ky lixitRbkas
board of directors RkumRbwkSaPi)al
bg;BnKy
board of inquiry KNkmkaresuIbGegt

board of investment (BOI)
bill of lading (B/L) GBatbN rW
GBatbRt/ lixitpkTMnijnava/ bNdwkCBan

TMnij/ direct ~ GBatbNedaypal;
bill payable vikybRtrUbiyaNti RtUvsg
RkumRbwkSavinieyaK
bill sent for collection
skmPaBClyan
body xn mnusS>>>/ tY rfyn>>>/ ~ of rules
and regulations Ggc,ab; nigbTb,Bati
bona fide esaHRtg;/ ~ purchaser
GkTijesaHRtg;
bond sBaabN/ government/treasury ~
bNrtnaKar/ bearer ~ sBaabNKaneQaH/
goods (held) in ~ TMnijrkSaTukenAXaMgKy
rg;caMkarbg;Bn/ mortgage ~ bNniekb
bNb N
M lu manvtb BaaM / take goods out of
~ bg;BnelITMnijedIm,IGacykvaecjBIXaMgKy/
~ yield TinplsBaabN cMNUl)anBIsBaabN
KitCaPaKrynfTijsBaabN
bonded warehouse XaMgskTMnijRKb;
RKgedayPak;garKy
bonus R)ak;bEnm/ buBVlaP ]> R)ak;rgVan;/
cost of living ~ R)ak;bEnmsMrab;RTRTg;
CIvPaB/ incentive ~ R)ak;elIkTwkcit/
productivity ~ rgVan;plitkm
book of investment esovePAbnkn
karvinieyaK
book value (accounting) tMlkgbBaI/
tMlKNeny
bookkeeper Gkkan;bBaI/ KNenykr
board of management RkumRbwkSaRKb;RKg

boat TUk/ Clyan/ ~ log book esovePA
bNepJI[RbmUlR)ak;
bill/letter of exchange rUbiyaNti/ lixitpas;br
billion Ban;lan
bin tag pakFug
bind v. cg/ mantMlGnuvt/ Pab;katBVkic
biodiversity CIvcMruH
biogas CIv]sn
biomass CIvm:as
biosphere reserve, Tonle Sap
zbnIyCIvmNlbwgTensab
birth certificate sMbuRtkMeNIt
birth rate GRtakMeNIt/ GRtaRbsUtikm
birth spacing karBnakMeNIt
black market pSarggwt/ ~ price fpSarggwt
blacklist bBaIexA
blank enAsat/ minTan;sresr/ ~ cheque
mUlb,TanbRtcMh cuHhtelxaehIy EtKan
cuHTwkR)ak; rW eQaHGkTTYl
blank endorsement carxgcMh
block bk
block fund mUlniFipM
blocked account KNnI bBab;pib
min[dkR)ak;ecj
blue-collar union shCIBhtkr
11
bookkeeping karcuHbBaIKNeny/ single

entry ~ karcuHbBaIkPaK/ double entry ~
brainstorming karBiPakSabMpusKMnit
branch (of a company) saxa Rkumhun
brand sBaa/ sBaasMKal;/ rUb/ m:ak TMnij
brand name eQaHBaNiCkm/ yIeha
breach of contract karelIskicsna
breach of discipline karelIsviny
breakages GIv:an;)ak;Ebk minrab;CaRTB
karcuHbBaIeTVPaK
books of accounts bBaIKNeny
boom v. rIkduHdaly:agrhs/ ~ industry
]sSahkmEdlrIkduHdalya:grhs/
booming sector visykMBugrIkduHdal
boost v. CMruj/ rujeLIg
booty CyPN rbs;EdldeNImrWbn;BIeK/
GcinRTB
border price fenARBMEdn
borrow v. xIsMuxI/ borrowed reserves
R)ak;bMrug)anxI EdlFnaKarnana)anxIBI
FnaKarkNal
borrower GkxI/ \Nvn
borrowings karxIbul
boss n. bri)al/ ecAhVay/ GkRtYtRta/
bossy EdlcUlcitRtYtRtaeK
BOT (build, operate, transfer) sagsg;GaCIvkm-epr
botany n. PUtKamsaRs karsikSaBIrukCati
bottleneck PaBraMgsH/ PaBkkkuj
bottom out v. cuHTabbMput
RbEhlminGacFak;cuHeToteT
bottom-up BIeRkameLIgelI/
~ development karGPivDn_BIeRkameLIgelI
bourgeois KhbtI
skmeTenAeBleFVIsareBIPN
break-even point cMNucrYcedIm
breakthrough karTMlayPaBTal;Rck
bribe v. & n. 1> sUk
2> sMNUk/ take a ~ sIusMNUk
bridging loan kMcIryeBlxI sMrab;Tij
pHfI enAeBllk;pHcas;minTan;dac;
broadcast v. pSBVpSay tamviT/ TUrTsSn_>>>
brochure n. esovePAesIg/ kUnesovePA
pSBVpSay
broker eCIgsarCMnYj/ KYkeC
brokerage 1> kMreCIgsar 2> kargareCIgsar
brought forward (accounting) eyagmk
bring in (assets as investment)
eFVI]bharit/ ykcUl
budget fvika/ ~ control karRtYtBinit
fvika/ ~ credit \NTanfvika/ ~ fund
mUlniFifvika/ ~ prices fTab
buffer RTnab;/ ~ zone tMbn;RTnab;
buffer stock sksMrab;Tb;karERbRbYl f/
karpt;pg;>>/ ~ facility (BSF)
]bkrN_sMrYlsMrab;Tb;sniFi
built-in stabilisers ktaeFVIeGayman
sirPaBCasVyRbvti
bulk buying karTijduM
bourgeoisie or middle class
vNKhbtI b vNkNal
boycott Bhikar karRbqaMgedayminRBmTij
minRBmcUlrYm>>>
brain drain kar)at;bg;GkmanCMnaj
12
bulk order bBaaTijdMu

bull Gklk;snwkhunTMnij>>>EdleCOfa
by-product plitplbnab;bnSM/ nisSnvt
muxGIv:an;eKnwgeLIgf
bull market TIpSarEdleKeCOfaGIv:an;nwgeLIgf
bulletin 1> RBwtibRt/
2> esckIRbkasCapvkar BIerOgsMxan;GVImYy
burden bnk/ ~ of proof bnkPstag/ tax
~ bnkBn
bureau kariyaly/ employment ~
kariyalykargar
bureaucracy kariyaFibety
bureaucrat kariyaelxanukar/ GkeFVIkar
kariyaly
business Furkic/ GaCIvkm/ kickarCMnYj/
karrksuI/ ~ card nambN
C, c
cabinet xuTkaly/ political ~ KNrdmnI
cable transfer kareprR)ak;edayTUrKmn_
cadastre surieyadI
cadre RkbxN/ public ~ RkbxN
mnIraCkar/ ~ of administrative agent
RkbxNPak;garrd)al
calculus KNnaGtaNU
calendar RbtiTin/ ~ year qaMRbtiTin
call deposit R)ak;beBaIcrn
call loan/money \NTanKankalkMNt;
RtUvsgvijenAeBleKTar
called-up capital mUlFn)anehA
)anbg;cUlRkumhunehIy
campaign yuTnakar/ sales ~ yuTnakarlk;drU
cancel v. lubecal/ ~ an entry bdiesF
elxna KNeny/ ~ an order lubecal
karbBaaTij
cancellation karlubecal
canvass 1> sabsg; mti
2> eXasnaTak;TajkarKaMRT
capability smtPaB eFVIGVImYy
capacity 1> smtPaB/ earning ~
smtPaBrkR)ak;/ in a legal ~ kgsmtPaB
tampvc,ab;/ load-carrying ~ smtPaBpk
GIv:an;/ production ~ smtPaBplit
2> cMNuH
business cooperation contract

(BCC) kicsnashRbtibtikarBaNiCkm
business format franchising
karpl;siTieGayrksIupac;muxtamEbbbTeK
business licence tax Bn )a:tg;
business name namkrN_GaCIvkm
business undertaking kareFVIkickarCMnYj
businessman/woman GaCIvkr/ FurCn
buy v. Tij/ ~ back Tijykvij/ ~ time
BnaeGay)anyUr
buyers price fGnueRKaHdl;GkTij
buying order karbBaaTij
buying power GMNacTij
by-election kare)aHeqateLIgvij
bylaws (see also articles of association)
c,ab;bEnm RbcaMtMbn;/ bTbBaapkg

13
capital mUlFn/ Tun/ authorised ~mUlFn

Edl)anGnuBaat/ paid in ~ mUlFnEdl
)anbg;/ ~ accumulation smacyTun
capital account KNnI mUlFnTun
capital adequacy ratio smaPaKsm
lmnmUlFn
capital amortisation rMls;mUlFn
capital asset RTBmUlFn/ RTBskmCab;lab;
capital assistance kar]btmTun
capital contributor GkcUlhun/ PaKTunik
capital endowment edImTunEdlRtUvbg;
mUlFnRbkbkar
capitalism mUlFnniym
capitalist mUlFnik/ nayTun
capitalisation mUlFnPavUnIykm
capitalise v. eqtykcMeNj/ qk;kas/
mUlFnkm
captive market TIpSarpac;mux
card bN/ sMbuRt/ business ~ nambN
GaCIvkm/ cash ~ bNsac;R)ak;/ cheque ~
mUlb,TanbN/ credit ~ bN\NTan/
identity ~ GtsBaaNbN
career GaCIB
caretaker (of a motor vehicle) Gkkan;
kab;EfTaM ]> yanyn/ ~ government
rdaPi)alsMrab;RKb;RKgbeNaHGasn
cargo navaPN/ TMnijdwktamnava/ nava
dwkTMnij/ ~ documents ksarsMrab;
kardwkCBanTMnij
cargo list bBaITMnijdwkCBan
cargo outturn report r)aykarN_erITMnij
carriage forward fdwkCBanbg;eday
GkTTYl
carriage paid fdwkCBanbg;edayGkepJI
carried forward (accounting) eyageTA
]> eyageTATMBrmYyeTotnUvtYelxbUksrubcug
snwkbBaIKNeny
capital expenditure/investment/
outlay cMNayelIRTBmUlFn/ vinieyaK
capital expense cMNayCamUlFn
capital gains (accounting) tMlelIs
capital goods TMnij mUlFnCaTun
TMnijsMrab;plitTMnijepSgeTot
capital intensive RbBlvb,kmedImTun
EdleRbITunm:asIuneRcIn
capital levy BnelIRTBbuKl
capital loss (accounting) tMlxVH
capital market pSarTun
capital movement clnaTun/ kareprTun
capital productivity plitPaBnTun
capital reserves TunbMrug
capital revenue cMNUlCamUlFn
capital, authorised TunGtibrimaEdlRtUv
)anGnuBaat[manenAkgRkumhun/ TuncuHbBaI
capital, frozen mUlFnpwb
carrying value (accounting)
tMlkgbBaI/ tMlKNeny
cartel n. karEtl/ shRkumhun
case study karsikSakrNI rW krNIsikSa
cash 1> ebLa RkdasR)ak; + R)ak;kak;
2> sac;R)ak; ebLa + FnaKar/ ~ substitute
capital, risk (venture capital)
TunvinieyaKpSgeRKaHfak;
capital, working TunbgVil/
14
CMnYssac;R)ak;
3> rtnvt KNeny
cash account 1>KNnIebLa 2>KNnIrtnvt
cash advance R)ak;buerRbTan R)ak;ebIkmun
cash reserves sac;R)ak;bMrug

cash voucher bNcMNayebLa
cash with order (CWO) bg;R)ak;eBl
cash against document (CAD)
bBaaTij
RbKl;R)ak;eBl)anTTYlksar
cash book (CB) n. bBaIR)ak;ecjcUl
cash budget EpnkarcMNUlcMNaysac;R)ak;
cash credit \NTansac;R)ak;
cash crop dMNaMlk;ykR)ak;
cash discount karlk;cuHftamkarbg;Ca
sac;R)ak;
cash down sale karlk;ykR)ak;Pam
Casac;R)ak; rW mUlb,TanbRt b:uEnminyk
bN\NTaneT
cash economy esdkiceRbIR)ak;kas
cash flow lMhUrsac;R)ak;/ ~ analysis
karviPaKlMhUrsac;R)ak;/ ~ statement
r)aykarN_lMhUrsac;R)ak;
cash in on eqtykcMeNjBIelI
cash-disbursement book esovePA
cMNayR)ak;
cashier ebLakr/ ebLaFikar
cash-receipt book esovePAcMNUlR)ak;
casting vote sMelg]tmanuPaB
e)aHeqat
casual labourer BlkrGENt
ryeBlxI
casualty at sea mhnrayenAsmuRT
cataclysm n. mhavinas
catalogue kataLk esovePAbgaj rUbvt
epSg
catalyst katalIkr/ ~ role tYnaTICakatalIkr
bnSI/ CMruj
catchment area EdnrgTwkePg
catalyse v. bnSI Ka/ Benn
categorisation of goods karkMNt;
cash in hand (GB), cash on hand

(US) sac;R)ak;kg ebLad/ ebLa
cash in/with bank sac;R)ak;enAFnaKar
cash on delivery (COD) RbKl;TMnij
RbePTTMnij
category RbePT/ BYk/ Epk
causal sehtu EdlR)ab;BIkarTak;Tgehtu
RbKl;R)ak;/ bg;R)ak;eBlTTYlTMnij
cash over and short R)ak;elIsxVH
bnicbnckgebLa
cash paid book esovePAsgR)ak;
cash price flk; efak Kittamkarbg;
Casac;R)ak;
cash rebate cMnYncuHfeGaytamkarbg;Ca
nigpl
CD-ROM suIDIr:m
ceiling price fGtibrma/ fx<s;bMput
celebrity n. Gkl,IeQaH
census 1> karCMerOn RbCaCn/
~ sample KMrUtagCMerOn/
15
2> r)ab; karrab;
chairman RbFan/ ~ of the meeting
census-enumeration area tMbn;rab;
RbFanGgRbCMu/ GFibtI
challenge bBaaRbQm
bBalCMerOn
central kNal/ mCwm/ ~ administration
rd)al mCwmkNal
central bank FnaKarkNal
centralisation mCkar
centralised eFVImCkar/ ~ economy
esdkicmCkar/ ~ record kMNt;RtamCkar/
~ system RbBnmCkar
centrally planned economy esdkic
EpnkarRbmUlpM
ceramics kulalPaCn_/ ceramic product
plitplkulalPaCn_
certificate viBaabnbRt/ ~ of approval
lixitGnuBaat/ ~ of processing viBaabnbRt
bBaak;plitkm/ ~ of deposit viBaabnbRt
beBaI epJIR)ak;/ ~ of origin viBaabnbRt
RbPBedImTMnij/ ~ of quality viBaabnbRt
bBaak;KuNPaB/ ~ of quarantine viBaabnbRt
BiniteraKqg/ ~ of registration viBaabnbRt
Gnusid/ ~ of weight viBaabnbRtTMgn;
certified cheque mUlb,TanbRtr:ab;rg
edayFnaKar rWmUlb,TanbRtFanacMNay
chamber of commerce sPaBaNiCkm

chance of selection PBVnCMerIs
change 1> bMErbMrYl/ karpas;br/ sm,rivtn_/
2> R)ak;Gab;/ ~ fund R)ak;Gab;
channel Rck
chaos PaBRcbUkRcbl;
chapter CMBUk
character crit
charge bnk/ bnkcMNay/ f RtUvbg;
charge v. a commission ykkMreCIgsar
charge/credit account KNnIeCO
GtifiCnGacykrbs;EdlxnTij edaybg;
R)ak;TUTat;smtulKNnIenAfeRkay
charges, overhead bnkcMNayTUeTA
charity sb,rsFm/ kuslkic
chart tarag/ KMnUssiti/ EpnTI/ BinerxIy/ bg;/
organisation ~ Ggkarelx/ sale ~ KMnUs
taglk;/ ~ of accounts taragKNnI/ ~ of
general accounting bg;KNenyTUeTA
charter 1> FmnuBa 2> lknik (US)
charter plane ynehaHCYldwkBiess
eCIgehaHehIrmineTogTat;
chattel mortgage (US) karbBaaMRTB
sm,tipal;xn
check karRtYtemIl/ karEqkeqr/ ]bsK/
karbgg;/ put a ~ on imports bgg;karnaMcUl
check v. the accounts BinitKNnI
checkoff RbBnkat;R)ak;dak;shCIBeday
nieyaCk
certified public accountant (US)
KNenykrrdTTYlsal;
cessation karQb;/ ~ of business
karbBab;GaCIvkm
cession n. Gnub,Tan/ karRbKl;eGay
]> kat;eGayeTAmas;bMNul
ceteris paribus (other things being
equal) GVIepSgeTotenAdEdl
16
circulation cracr/ ~ of capital cracr

karbgVil Tun/ ~ of goods cracrTMnij
citizen Blrd
civics viCanaTIBlrd/ elaknIti
civil suIvil/ ~ disobedience karbdiesF
c,ab;rd/ ~ law c,ab;rdb,evNI/ ~ liberty
esrIPaBnBlrd/ ~ servant mnIraCkarsuIvil
tamFmtaminrab;bBalTahaneT/
~ society sgmsuIvil
civil status GRtanukUldan/ ~ book
esovePAGRtanukUldan/ certificate of ~
sMbuRtGRtanukUldan
civilian n. & adj. 1> CnsuIvil
2>nCnsuIvil
claim 1> \NeTy R)ak;eKCMBak;/ ~ on
the government \NeTyelIrdaPi)al
2> kar tv:aTamTar 3> karGHGag
claim v. compensation TamTarsMNg
karxUcxatR)ak;b:Hb:Uv
claimant GkTamTar/ edImecaT
clarify v. bMPW
class 1> fak;/ vN/ social ~ vNsgm/
economy/business/first ~ fak;eGkUnUmI
CMnYjelxmYy fak;ekAGIynehaHdwk
GkdMeNIr
classical Ebbkasuik/ ~ view TsSnEbb
kasuik/ ~ economics viTasaRsesdkickasIuk
classification cMNat;fak;/ system of ~
RbBneFVIcMNat;fak;
classify v. cat;fak;/ eFVIcMNat;fak;
clause 1> lkxN/ ~ of a contract
checks and balances karRtYtemIl nig

fwgGMNac
cheque mUlb,TanbRt/ bouncing/dud/
rubber ~ mUlb,TanbRtKanR)ak; RKb;RKan;
kgKNnI/ blank ~ mUlb,TanbRtcMh/ cash
a ~ ebIkR)ak;elImUlb,TanbRt/ crossed ~
mUlb,TanbRtqUt eRbIsMrab;EtbBalR)ak;kg
KNnI/ dishonoured ~ mUlb,TanbRtKan
R)ak;kgKNnI/ travellers ~ mUlb,TanbRt
eTscrN_eFVIdMeNIr/ open/ uncrossed ~
mUlb,TanbRt\tmanqUt bBalR)ak;kgKNnI
k)an ebIkR)ak;k)an/ ~ book esovePA
mUlb,TanbRt/ ~ to bearer mUlb,TanbRt
KaneQaH/ ~ crossed specially mUlb,TanbRt
qUtBiess Ca mUlb,TanbRtEdlbBaak;lGM ti
bEnmnUvlkxN epSgdUcCa eQaHFnaKarrbs;
GkTTYlCaedIm/ ~ stubs Kl;mUlb,TanbRt/
~ voucher bNcMNaymUlb,TanbRt
chronic ruaMr:/ ~ unemployment PaBGt;
kargareFVIraMur:
chronological order tamlMdab;fEx/
lMdab;erogtamkal
CIF (cost, insurance, freight)
fTMnijbUkfFanar:ab;rgbUkfdwkCBan
circular saracr
circular adj. EdlepJIeTAbuKlCaeRcIn/
~ letter of credit bN\NTanepJIeTARKb;saxa
nFnaKarEdlecjva
circular systematic sampling
karykKMrUtagCaRbBnvil
circulating capital TunbgVil
17
lkxNnkicsna/ 2> x ]> xTI1/ xTI2>>>/

special ~ xviessnc,ab;/ terminate ~ x
bBab;kicsna
claw back v. R)ak;dkykmkvij
clean adj. sat/ ~ development
mechanism ynkarGPivDn_satsM
clean bill of health viBaabnbRtbBaak;
suxPaBl
clean bill of lading bNpkTMnij RtwmRtUv
KankMNt;RtaBITMnijxusxUceT
clean collection EbbEpnTUTat;BaNiCkm
KanPab;ksar KWeyagelIlixitCMBak;R)ak;
bmUlb,TanbRtEdleFVItamryFnaKar
clear v. a cheque dak;mUlb,TanbRt
eGayRbBnFnaKarcat;kareprR)ak;
close v. an account biTKNnI

eFVI[KNnImansmtulsUn
close company RkumhunbiTCit
Gkkan;kab;PaKhunmanticnak;Nas;
closed economy esdkicbiTCit
rdRtYtRtatwgruwgelIBaNiCkm nighirBavt
closing entries elxnabiTbBaI
closing price fTMnijeBlehobbiThag
closing rate GRtabiT
GRtabrR)ak;eBlbiTRbtibtikarRbcaMf
closing the books karbiTbBaI
club kib/ regional industry ~ kib
]sSahkmtMbn;
cluster kBaM
clustering of elements smasFaturYmCakBaM
coaching karbgVwk/ karbgat;
co-chair shRbFan
co-creditor n. sh\NTayk
code Rkm/ commercial ~ RkmBaNiCkm/
~ of conduct/ethics RkmsIlFm
code kUd/ elxkUd
co-defendant shcugecaT
coding kardak;elxkUd
coefficient of variation emKuNbMErbMrYl
cognitive level kMrityl;dwg
coherence PaBrlUn/ PaBsuIKa
cohesion karrYmsM)ac;/ karrYbrYmKa/ siniTBl
kMlaMgpSarPab;Ka
coin n. & v. 1>R)ak;kas 2>e)aHR)ak;kas
coincidence n. karKab;CYn/ kb,harPaB
collaboration kicshkar
collate v. 1> RbmUlBtmanmkBinit
clear v. goods through customs
bMeBjEbbbTKy edIm,InaMcUl bnaMecjTMnij

clear profit R)ak;cMeNjsuT
clearance certificate
bNRtYtBinitrbs;Ky
clearance inwards TMnijEdlKyXat;Tuk
clearance outwards TMnijEdlputBIKyBinit
clearance sale karlk;LayLgbegIysk
clearing account KNnIpat;Tat;
clearing bank FnaKarTUTat;
clearing house (banking) sPapat;Tat;
clearing the arrears eFVIkarTUTat;R)ak;
EdlBMuTan;)ansg
clerk esn/ bank ~ buKlikFnaKar
clientele n. Gtifita GtifiCnTaMgGs;
rbs;hagNamYy
clinic KInik
18
commercial BaNiC/ nBaNiCkm/ non ~

bank FnaKarGBaNiC/ ~ aircraft ynehaH
CMnYj dwkGkdMeNIr rWTMnij/ ~ attach
GnuBnBaNiCkm/ ~ bank FnaKarBaNiC/
~ bill rUbiyaNti/ ~ court tulakarBaNiCkm/
~ credit \NTanBaNiCkm/ ~ dealing
esdBaNiCkm/ ~ enterprise shRKas
BaNiCkm/ ~ impracticability GRbtibtiPaB
BaNiCkm/ ~ invoice vikybRtBaNiCkm/
~ paper RkdassamBaNiCkm/ lixitTTYl
CMBak;/ ~ port kMBg;EpBaNiCkm/ ~ register
bBaIBaNiCkm/ ~ traveller tMNagBaNiCkm/
~ usage TMenomTMlab;BaNiCkm
commercialisation BaNiCPavUbnIykm
commercialise v. eFVIBaNiCPavUbnIykm
commission 1> kMreCIgsar/ ~ agent
Pak;garTTYlkMreCIgsar/ ~ buyer/seller
Pak;gartMNag Tijlk;/ ~ sale karlk;yk
eRbobeFob 2> erobcMtamlMdab; ksar

collateral loan kMcImanrbs; bBaaMdak;Fana
collateral vt bBaaMdak;Fana/ sckarPN
colleague shesvik
collect v. payment Tar RbmUlR)ak;
collecting agent/bank Pak;garFnaKar
RbmUlR)ak;
collecting charges esahuyCYyRbmUlR)ak;
collection smucy/ karRbmUl/ karTar/ debt
~ agency TIPak;garTarbMNul/ ~ of stamps
karsnSMTukEtm/ debit ~ karRbmUlbMNul
collective CasmUhPaB/ rYm/ ~ bargaining
karcrcarCa rYmsmUhPaB/ ~ farm ksidanrYm/
shkrN_ksikr/ ~ ownership kmsiTirYm/
~ work sadCasmUhPaB
collectivity smUhPaB
collectivisation smUhPavUbnIykm
collector n. GkRbmUl/ farm produce ~
GkRbmUlTijplitplksikm/ money ~
GkRbmUlR)ak;
column xg;/ xg;bBar tarag
combine KYbpSM/ lay/ ~ business and
pleasure KYbpSMCamYyKanUvBaNiCkm nigkarkMsan
combustion n. cMehH kareqH
come v. into effect/force cUlCaFrman
come v. into line RBmeRBogCamYyKa
come v. to an agreement QaneTAdl;
kicRBmeRBog
comfort pasukPaB/ letter of ~ lixitKaMRT
RKwHsansaxa kgkarrkxIR)ak;
commerce BaNiCkm
kMreCIgsar 2> KNkmkar

commitment karebCJa karsnadac;Nat;
committed credit (state budget)
\NTanPab;sna fvikard
committee KNkmaFikar/ standing ~
KNkmaFikarGciny_/ ~ of inspection
KNkmaFikarRtYtBinit/ steering ~
KNkmaFikar dwknaMkargarnayk
commodity plitpl EdleKlk;Tij
eRcInCaBiess vtFatuedIm niges,g/
~ accounts KNnIplitpl
Common Effective Preferential
Tariff (CEPT) taragGnueRKaHBnKyman
19
smtkic/ ~ party PaKImansmtkic

competing lines muxTMnijRbkYtRbECg
competition karRbkYtRbECg/ sarm/ free
~ karRbkYtRbECgesrI
competitive EdlRbECg/ ~ advantage
]tmPaBRbECg/ ~ examination
karRblgRbECg/ ~ market pSarRbkYtRbECg/
~ price fRbkYtRbECg
competitiveness PaBRbkYtRbECg/
PaBedjeCIgKa
competitor GkRbECg f/ TIpSar>>
compile v. cgRkg
complain v. tjEtr/ tv:a
complainant Gkbwgtv:a
complaint bNwg/ BakbNwg
complementary EdlbMeBj[KaeTAmk
completion karbBab;/ karbegIy/ ~ of a
contract karbBab;kicsna
complex adj. misSPaK sKsaj
superiority ~ esymanH/ inferiority ~
hInmanH/ complexity misSPaB
complex business plan bg;GaCIvkm
sKsaj
complex multi-stage design bg;eRcIn
dMNak;minsamBa
complexity PaBsKsaj/ PaBsaMjaM
compliance with, in RsbCamYy
complicate v. eFVIeGaysKsaj
complicity karcUld
complimentary 1> EdlsesIr
2> EdleGayTeT \tKitf
comply Rbtibtitam/ eFVItam
RbsiTiPaBrYm
common property resources (CPR)
FnFanRTBrYm
common sense suPnicy
common stock PaKhunsamBa
commonwealth shFn RkumrdFab;
enAkgcRkPBGg;eKs/ ~ of independent
states shFnrdkraC
communication karR)aRsyTak;Tg/
~ of information KmnaKmn_Btman
communist adj. kumynis
community property RTBrYmsM)ac;
bIRbBn Camas;rYmKa
company Rkumhun/ affiliated (or
associated) ~ RkumhunbuRtsm<n/ joint
stock ~ RkumhunGanamik/ limited liability
~ RkumhunTTYlxusRtUvmanxNsIma/ ~ union
shPaBRkumhun/ subsidiary ~ Rkumhunsaxa/
unlimited ~ RkumhunTTYlxusRtUvKankMNt;/
~ promoter sabnikRkumhun/ trading ~
RkumhunBaNiCkm/ ~ies act c,ab;Rkumhun
comparative advantage ]tmPaB
eRbobeFob
compatibility smitPaB PaBcUlKacuH
compatriot CnrYmCati
compensating errors elgb:Hb:UvKa
compensation karb:Hb:Uv/ sMNg
compensatory financing facility (CFF)
]bkrN_sMrYlsMrab;b:Hb:UvxaghirBavt
compete v. RbkYtRbECg
competent adj. mansmtkic/
mansmtPaB/ ~ authority GaCJaFrman
20
component smasPaK/ FatupSM

composition smasPaB
compound entry elxnapM
edIm,IsMerceKaledAGVImYy
concerted economic action skmPaB
esdkicmanvKmanesI
concession sm,Tan/ forest ~ sm,Tan
RBeQI/ ~ holder sm,Tanik/ social land ~
sm,TandIsgmkic/ price ~ sm,Tanf
concessionaire sm,Tanik/ forest ~
RBsm,Tanik
concessional, concessionary Edl
pl;sm,TanGnueRKaH/ ~ loan kMcIpl;
sm,Tan/ ~ terms lkxNsm,Tan
conciliate v. pSHpSa
conclusion n. snidan/ Gvsankfa
PaKbBab;nr)aykarN_
concrete measure viFankarCak;Esg
concurrence 1> karyl;RBm/ karkPaB
2>karekItdMNalKa RBwtikarN_
condition lkxN/ working ~ lkxN
eFVIkargar/ ~ precedent lkxNbegIt
katBVkic/ ~ subsequent lkxNbBab;
katBVkic
conditional edaymanlkxN/ ~
acceptance karTTYlRBmedaymanlkxN
conditionality PaBmanlkxN
conducive to GMeNaypldl;
conduct kiriyamayaT/ karRbRBwtixn
conduct v. & n. 1> dwknaM/ eFVI/ dMeNIrkar
2> ~ of business kicdMeNIrkareFVIGaCIvkm
conference snisIT
confession n. karsarPaB/ scavIkrN_
confidential sMgat;
elxnamaneRbIcab;BIbIKNnIeLIgeTA
compound growth vDnPaBsmas
compound interest karR)ak;smas
comprehensive adj. RKb;RCugeRCay/
TUlMTUlay/ ~ analysis karviPaKRKb;RCugeRCay
compromise karRsuHRsYl
comptroller GkRtYtBinitxaghirBavt
compulsory CakatBVkic/ Edlxanmin)an/
~ inspection GFikarkicCakatBVkic
computable EdlGacKNna)an
computer virus vIrusvisaNU kMuBTr
comrade n. smmit/ shCIvin/ BYkm:ak
conceal v. lak;elom
concealment karlak;elom
concentration karRbmUlpM/ land ~
karRbmUlpMdIFI/ ~ level of a substance
kMritkMhab;nsarFatu
concept eKalKMnit/ TsSnaTan
conception TsSnaTan
conceptual error elgEpkTsSnaTan
conceptualise v. KitKUrbegItfI
concern kgVl;/ RBYy)arm/ business ~
RKwHsan CMnYj/ his business is a going
~ muxCMnYjrbs;Kat;kMBugdMeNIrkareTAmux
nigmancMeNj
concerned EdlBak;Bn/ ~ ministry
RksYgBak;Bn
concert, act in v. eFVIskmPaBrYmKa
21
confirmation karbBaak;/ ~ of order

karbBaak;nUvkarbBaaTij/ ~ of price karbBaak;f
confirmed letter of credit
consistency 1> sgtPaB/ PaBsuIKa

2> PaBminpas;br
consolidated (information) Btman
Rc)ac;bBalKa
consolidated balance sheet tarag
tulkarsrubbUkcUlEfmnUvbuRtsm<n>>>
sar\NTanGnusiTi
confirming bank FnaKarbBaak;
confiscate rwbGUs ykRTB/ dkhUt
conflict TMnas;/ ~ of interest TMnas;pl
consolidation of balance sheets
RbeyaCn_
karRc)ac;bBalKanUvtaragtulkar
consortium kugsrsm/ smaKm
conspiracy n. karKitk,t;/ shk,d
karrYmKMnitk,t;
constant efr/ ~ price fefr
constituency mCdanGkKaMRT/ mNle)aHeqat
constitution rdFmnuBa
Constitutional Council RkumRbwkSaFmnuBa
constitutionality FmnuBaPaB
constraint kMhit ]bsK
constructive CalkNksag/ ~ criticism
karTietonCalkNksag
consultancy karpl;eyabl;keTs
consultant GkBieRKaHeyabl;
consultation karBieRKaHeyabl;
confrontation n. karRbTl;muxKa/
smxIkm/ ~ meeting karRbCMuTl;muxKa
confusing RcLMbl;/ gayPnRcLM
confusion karPnRcLM/ karRcLMbl;/
karRcbUkRcbl;
conglomerate RkumhunBhuplitpl
conscience mnsikar
conscientious Edlmanmnsikar/ Edlyk
citTukdak;
consensus karmUlmti/ kugsg;sus
consent v. & n. 1> RBm 2> karyl;RBm
consequential EdlCavi)ak
conservation GPirkS/karrkSa/ ~ of
nature GPirkSFmCati/ soil ~ GPirkSdI
conservative adj. GPirkS
consideration karBicarNa/ under ~ kMBug
BinitBicarNa
consignee GkTTYlTMnij
Consultative Group (CG)
RkumBieRKaHeyabl;
consumables vtFatueRbIR)as;
consume v. eRbIR)as; es,gGahar/ \nn>>>
consumer GkeRbIR)as;/ ~ basket knk
TMnijeRbIR)as;/ ~ credit \NTansMrab;Tij
TMnijeRbIR)as;/ ~ goods TMnijeRbIR)as;/
~ price fTMnijeRbIR)as; flk;ray/
~ price index (CPI) snsSn_fTMnijeRbI
R)as;/ ~ surplus plcMeNjnGkeRbIR)as;
consignees account, all charges to
ral;esahuycMNayCabnkrbs;GkTTYlTMnij
consignment n. 1> karbBanTMnij/
~ note lixitbBanTMnij 2> GIv:an;mYyRkum
]>mYykugtWnrEdlbBaneTA
consignor GkbBanTMnij
22
consumption kareRbIR)as;/ ~ expenditures

cMNayeRbIR)as;/ home (domestic) ~ kareRbI
R)as;kgRsuk/ ~ curve ExSekageRbIR)as;
contact karCYbTak;Tg/ ~ person mnusS
contract v. out of an agreement dk b

lubkicsna edaymankaryl;RBmCa
laylkN_GkSrBIPaKImageTot
contract v. 1> cuHkicsna 2> rYmcuH esdkci
contract, under Cab;kicsna/ eRkamkicsna
contracting party PaKIcuHkicsna
contractor GkcuHkicsna/ Gkem:Akar/
sub-contractor Gkem:Akarbn
contractual business GaCIvkmQrelI
kicsna
contradiction bdivaTkm/ PaBpyKa
contradictory EdlpyKa
contrast n. PaBpyKa/ Btierk
contra-transfer cuHbRBaas/ eFVIRbtiRkan
elxna
contravene v. elIs/ bMBan
contribute v. rYmviPaKTan/ rYmcMENk
contribution viPaKTan/ karrYmcMENk/
~ in kind viPaKTanCasMPar
control v. RtYtBinit/ RtYtRta
controllable expenses cMNayRKb;RKg)an
controlled selection CMerIsmankarRtYtBinit
controller GkRtYtBinit
sMrab;CYbTak;Tg
container kugtWnr pkTMnij
contemporary shkal/ shsmy
contempt karemIlgay/ ~ of court
karRbmaftulakar
content 1> xwmsar 2> matika
contest n. karRbECg/ karRbkYt/
~ a decision CMTas;tva:nwgesckIsMerc
context bribT/ brikarN_
contingency yfaPaB/ kar\tRBagTuk/
~ beneficiary GtKahkCayfaehtu/
~ plan EpnkarTukGnuvtCayfaehtu
contingent adj. GaRsyelI RBwtikarN_GVI
mYyEdlGacekIteLIg rWminekIteLIg/ Gnimit
continuity nirnrPaB
continuous adj. bnrhUt/ bnCab;
contra account KNnIbdiPaK
contra entry elxnabRBaas
edIm,IlubecalnUvelxnamun
contraband TMnijrt;Bn
contraception karbgarkMeNIt
contract kicsna/ ~ of insurance
kicsnaFanar:ab;rg/ ~ of sale kicsnalk;/
~ of work kicsnakargar
controlling interest, have a
mancMENkPaKhunRtYtRta KWmanelIsBI
50nPaKhunsrubrbs;Rkumhun
controversy vaTb,divaT rW vaTRbtivaT rW
karCECkrkxusRtUvCasaFarN
contumacy n. TudPaB
karminRBmcUlxneTAtulakar
convenience food Gaharevcxb;Rsab;
contract (public) employee
buKlikrdCab;kicsna
contract law c,ab;kicsna
23
EdlRsYl erobcMcMGin
convention 1> GnusBaa 2> sni)at
3> sntikmkarsnt
conversation karsnna/ snnakar
conversion karbr/ ~ price/rate GRtabr
edIm,IKitbrrUbiyvtmYyeTACarUbiyvtbreTs
convertible currency rUbiyvtEdlGac
brykrUbiyvtepSg)an
conveyance 1> karepr kmsiTi
2> ksarepr
convict TNit GkCab;BnnaKar
cooperate v. eFVIshRbtibtikar
Tak;TgxagCMnYj/ lixiteqIyqgGaCIvkm
correspondent bank FnaKareqIiyqg
corridor rebog/ Efv/ economic ~
rebogesdkic
corroborate v. bBaak;GHGag bEnm/
eFVIbmaNIykrN_
corruption n. GMeBIBukrlYy
cost 1> tMl 2> briyaTan 3> fedIm
4> bnkcMNay/ cMNay

cost accounting KNenyfedIm/
KNenyviPaK
cost and freight (C & F)
cooperative adj. & n.
fTMnijbUkfdwkCBan
1> EdleFVIshRbtibtikar 2> shkrN_

coordinates niyamkar ryTTwgrybeNay
co-owner, co-proprietor shkmsiTikr/
mas;kmsiTirYmKa
co-ownership shkmsiTi
co-property RTBsm,tirYmKa
copyright siTicMlg/ rkSasiTi
core sl/ ~ budget fvikasl/ ~ funding
mUlniFisl/ ~ resources FnFansl
corn n. (US) eBat/ baby ~ esteBat bEn
corporate state rdshRKin
corporation saCIvkm/ multinational ~
saCIvkmBhuCati/ ~ tax (GB) BnelIR)ak;
cMeNjRkumhun
correct adj. RtwmRtUv
correlated response variance v:arIy:g;
cMelIyTak;Tin
correlation shsm<n/ TMnak;TMng
correspondence, business karsresr
cost of goods sold or cost of sales
24
fedImTMnijlk;ecj
cost of living fRTRTg;CIvPaB
cost price fedIm
cost, historical tMlTijcUl
cost, insurance, freight (CIF)
fTMnijbUkfFanar:ab;rgbUkfdwkCBan
cost, manufacturing fedImplitkm
cost-benefit analysis karviPaKcMNay
nigplcMeNj
cost-effective adj. EdlmanRbsiTPaB
cMNay
costing karKNnafedIm
Council of Ministers TIsIkarKNrdmnI
counter bBar
counter party bdiPaKI
counter valuation bdiekaslvicy
counterbalance v. raMgxb;\TiBl
countermand bdiesFbgab;munecal/
ecjRbtiGaNti
credit bank FnaKar\NTan

credit bureau kariyalypl;Btman
counter-offer kareGayfelI edIm,IRbECgTij

counterpart smPaKI
counterpart adj. bdiPaK/ ~ entry
elxnabdiPaK/ ~ fund mUlniFibdiPaK
counter-revolution n. Rbtibdivtn_
country report r)aykarN_sIBIRbeTs
country-representative office
BIkitinam nshRKas>>>
credit in kind \NTanvt minEmnCaR)ak;
credit institution sabn\NTan
credit market TIpSar\NTan
credit n. & adj. & v. 1> \NTan
2> \NTayI 3> kt;Rtaxag\NTan
credit plus \NTanbUk \NTanEdl
KitKUrTaMgkarCYyCaR)ak;kas nigbeckeTs
credit rating cMNat;fak;\NTan/
smtPaBsgbMNulrbs;GkxI
credit restrictions kMhitn\NTan
credit risk haniPyn\NTan
credit sale karlk;eCO
credit slip bNsMeNA\NTan/ skIbRt
\NTan
credit solvency lTPaBsgbMNul
credit status CMhr\NTan
credit terms lkxN\NTan
credit worthiness PaBKYr)anTTYl\NTan
credit worthy borrower GkxIR)ak;
EdlKYreGayTukcit
credit, open \NTanKandak;vtFana
sMrab;GtifiCnlrbs;FnaKar
credit, tax \NTanBn
credit, trade \NTanCMnYj pl;[shRKas
manTMnak;TMngCMnYjCamYyKa
creditor \NTayk/ mas;bMNul
credulity n. PaBgayeCO/ sTaluPaB
creeping inflation GtiprNasnSwm
kariyalytMNagRbcaMRbeTs
country-risk analysis karviPaKeRKaHRbeTs
coupe, forest RBKub
court clerks RkLabBaI
court or lawcourt sala kat;kICMrHkI
covenant karRBmeRBogCapvkar
cover note (insurance) kMNt;sMGag
Fanar:ab;rg
cover price felIRkb flk;raycuHelI
RkbesovePA/ TsSnavdI >>>
cover, banking R)ak;Fana
cover, full (insurance) bNFanar:ab;rgelI
haniPyRKb;RbePT
cover, temporary (insurance)
bNFanar:ab;rgbeNaHGasn
coverage karTMhM RKbdNb;
]> edaybNFanar:ab;rg
craftsmanship n. htekasl
creation n. karbegIt/ mabnkm/ nimitkm/
mabnvt
creative thinking KMnitcRbDit
creativity KMnitcRbDit
credibility PaBKYr[eCO/ kitinam
25
crime bTelIsRBhTN
criteria, criterion lkNvinicy
crop n. dMNaM/ pldMNaM/ supplementary ~
currency operation RbtibtikarelI

rUbiyvt dUcCakarbrR)ak;CaedIm
current account or checking
account (US) KNnIcrn
current adj. crn/ ~ expenditures cMNaycrn
current assets RTBskm crnclt
current liabilities RTBGkmcrn
current price fcrn/ fbcb,n/ ~ list
dMNaMrYmpSM
cross check epgKaeTAvijeTAmk
cross class fak;qg
cross rate, exchange cross rate
GRtabrrUbiybNepgpat; GRtabrR)ak;
eFobtam rUbiyvtTI3 dUcCa dular
cross border (trade) qgkat;RBMEdn
BaNiCkm
crossed cheque mUlb,TanbRtqUt
cross-examine v. karsYrbBaak;sakSI
epgpat;nwgcMelIyeBlmun
cross-voting n. kare)aHeqateGayKNbkS
epSg minEmnKNbkSxn
crude oil eRbgeqA
culprit n. BiruTikCn
cultivated land dIdaMduH
culture vb,Fm/ ~ of impunity vb,Fm
rYceTas
cumulated list bBaIbUkRtYt
curb v. Tb;sat;
curfew bMrameKacr
currency rUbiyvt/ hard ~ rUbiyvtxaMg
rbs;RbeTsmanesdkicmaMmYn niggaybr
ykrUbiyvtepSgeTot/ soft ~ rUbiyvtexSay
currency in circulation rUbiyvtkgcracr
currency of account rUbiyvtykmkKitKUr
currency of payment rUbiyvtTUTat;
currency of the contract rUbiyvtn
kicsna
taragfcrn
current revenue cMNUlcrn
cMNUlCaRbcaM kgksarxH
current account holder mas;KNnIcrn
current market rate GRtafTIpSarRbcaMf
curtailment karkat;bny
curve ExSekag/ aggregate supply ~
ExSekagpt;pg;srub
custody (keeping) karrkSaTuk
custom of the port (COP)
TMenomTMlab;Ep
custom-built/made ksageFVI Biess
sMrab;GtifiCnNamak;
customer GtifiCn
customs house TIcat;karKy
customs Ky/ ~ agent Pak;garKy/
~ Department TIcat;karKynigrdakr/
~ breach bTelIsc,ab;Ky/ ~ declaration
RbtievTn_Ky/ ~ examination karRtYtBinit
nPak;garKy/ ~ frontier RBMEdnKy/
~ invoice vikybRtKy/ ~ permit lixit
GnuBaatBITIcat;karKy/ ~ regulations
bTbBatiKy/ ~ tariff taragBnKy/
~ territory tMbn;RtYtBinitKy tMbn;EdlKy
26
Gactamcab;TMnij)an
customs broker buKlRkumhun EdlnaM
TMnijqgkat;Ky bMerIeGayRkumhundwkCBan
customs duties (or dues) BnKy
cycle vd/ suIk/ xYb/ CMu/ ~ of poverty
vdnPaBRkIRk
date, interest to R)ak;karmkTl;bcb,n

day f/ settlement ~ fTUTat;bBaI/ fCMrHbBaI
day labourer BlkrsuIR)ak;f/ TinikCn
day-release 1> frYcput Bn
2> RbBnEdlGnuBaat[nieyaCitsMrakBIkargar
edIm,IeronsURt
DCB (Domestic Competitive Bidding)
karedjfedayRbkYtRbECgkgRsuk
de facto tamkarCak;Esg/ tamRBwtiny/
~ management karRKb;RKgtamRBwtiny
de jure tampvc,ab;
dead account KNnIQb;eRbI/ KNnIgab;
dead loss karxatbg;srub
dead money R)ak;gab;/ R)ak;minykeTAeFVI
karrksuI
dead season rdUvsb;skmPaB
]> rdUvlk;dUrminsUvdac;
deadline kalkMNt;/ kalbriecTdl;kMNt;
deadlock PaBTal;Rck break the ~
TMlayPaBTal;Rck
dead-weight 1> TMgn;nicl/ TMgn;gab;
KanCYybMerIkar
deal karRBmeRBogxagCMnYj/ GabNsBaa/
get a good ~ Tij)anefak/ package ~
karRBmeRBogCakBab;
dealer BaNiCkr
dealership TMnak;TMngCMnYjpac;mux
dealing karlk;dUrhunenApSarhun/ CMnYj,
commercial ~ esdBaNiCkm/ fair ~ CMnYj
Rsbc,ab;/ insider ~ karCYjdUrhuneday
Gkpkg EdldwgBtmansMgat;BIRkumhun
D, d
daily RbcaMf/ ~ sales return cMNUllk;
RbcaMf
damage karxUcxat/ Gnray/ ~ by
seawater GnrayedaysarTwksmuT
damages R)ak;sMNgcMeBaHkarxUcxat
danger money R)ak;pl;bEnmsMrab;kargar
maneRKaHfak;
DARE (Demand and Resource
Evaluation) karvaytMlFnFan nigtMrUvkar
data Tinny/ enter v. ~ bBalTinny
data processing karcat;EcgTinny
database mUldanTinny
data-collection stage dMNak;kalRbmUl
Tinny
date kalbriecT/ fEx/ interest to ~
karR)ak;mkTl;bcb,n
date a cheque forward cuHkalbriecT
GnaKtelImUlb,TanbRt
date of maturity fdl;kMNt;sgR)ak;/
\NRbtiTan/
date, by the due dl;fkMNt;
27
dear f pynwgefak
dear money R)ak;xImanR)ak;karx<s;
dearth of investment kgVHvinieyaK
death mrNPaB/ karsab;/ ~ certificate
sMbuRtmrNPaB/ ~ in service benefit
decent smrm/ ~ livelihood CIvPaBsmrm

decentralisation n. vimCkar
decentralise v. eFVIvimCkar/ decentralised
power GMNacvimCkar
deciding vote sMelg]tmanuPaB e)aHeqat
decile n. TsPaK siti
decimal n. & adj. 1> elxTsPaK
R)ak;bMNac;mrNPaB
death rate GRtamrN
debate karCECkedjedal ]> enAsPa
debenture sBaabN ryeBlEvg/
lixitbMNul/ register of ~ bBaIeQaHGk
kan;sBaabNrbs;Rkumhun/ ~ holder
Gkkan;sBaabN
debit n. & adj. & v. 1> \NBn
2> \Nayik 3> kt;Rtaxag\NBn
2> TsPaK
decision esckIsMerc/ ~ maker GkeFVI
esckIsMerc/ ~ making kareFVIesckIsMerc/
~ tree KMnUsedImeQInRbBnsMerc
declaration 1> karesckI Rbkas
2> lixitRbkas/ RbtievTn_/ customs ~
RbtievTn_Ky/ tax ~ lixitRbkassareBIBn
declared value tMl)an RbkasRbtievTn_
decline n. karFak;cuHyWt
declining balance method of
depreciation viFIrMls;fyCalMdab;
decoding karbkRsayelxkUd
debit/credit memorandum or
debit/credit memo kMNt;ehtu \NBn
\NTan b Rbkas \NBn\NTan

debt bMNul/ ~ holder embMNul/ bad ~
bMNul GaRkk;Bi)akTar/ doubtful ~ bMNul
sgSy/ irrecoverable ~ bMNulTarmin)an/
~ crisis vibtibMNul/ ~ ratio smaPaKbMNul/
secured/unsecured ~ bMNul manKan
dak;RTBFana
debt-collection letter lixitTarR)ak;
debt-for-nature swaps bMNuledaHdUr
nwgFmCati
debtor kUnbMNul/ \Nvn
decadence n. PaBcuHGab;n/ Gtgt
decapitalise n. dkTunecj
deceased n. Gksab;
ERbCaPasaFmtavij
deconcentration vishmCkar
decrease karFak;cuH/ karfycuH/ ~ in price
karFak;f
decree Rkwt
de-dollarisation bdidularUbnIykm
deduct v. kat;kg/ pat;ecj/ after deducting
depreciation eRkay)anpat;rMls;
deductible adj. EdlGackat;kgecj/ tax
~ EdlGackat;kgecjBIcMNUlCab;Bn
deductive method viFITajehtupl/
viessanumanviFI
decennial population census
CMerOnRbCaCnRbcaMTsvtSr_
28
deflator (GDP) snsSn_britprNa pss

deforestation karkab;RBeQI/ vivnkar
defrauder GkbnM ]> Bn
defray ecjcMNayCYs
degradation TuBVlPaB/ karbBaHKuNPaB
del credere R)ak; bUkbEnmsMrab;
FanakarTUTat;/ ~ clause RbkarFanaTUTat;/
~ commission kMreCIgsarFanakarTUTat;
delay 1> karyWty:av/ rykalkMNt;
yWty:av/ ~ in delivery karRbKl;yWty:av/
2> karBnaeBl/ grant a ~ pl;karBnaeBl
delegate power eFVIRbtiPUkmGMNac/
deed 1> kicsnaCalaylkN_GkSr

2> GMeBI l rW GaRkk;/ good ~ kuslkic
deed of assignment lixiteprkmsiT
BIkUnbMNuleTAmas;bMNul
deed of conveyance lixiteprkmsiTi
GclnRTB
default karxusqg/ karxVHxat/ karKan
lTPaBsg
default of acceptance karminTTYlRBm
defendant n. cugecaT
deferred payments karsgR)ak;bNak;
eRcInelIk
deferred share PaKhunEdlTTYlPaKlaP
eRkayeK
deferred/unearned revenue R)ak;
cMNUlTTYlmun KWRtUveyageTAbBalkg
kariybriecTeRkay
deficiency PaBminRKb;RKan;/ ~ in weight
PaBxVHTMgn;
deficient reserves R)ak;bMrugxVH
deficient supply karpt;pg;mankgVHxat
deficit nPaB/ balance of payments/
trade ~ nPaBCBaIj TUTat;BaNiCkm/ budget
~ nPaBfvika/ meet v. a ~ bMeBjnPaB
deficit financing hirBab,TannPaB
deflate the economy eFVIbritprNa
esdkic tamrykarkat;bnysac;R)ak;pt;pg;
rW cMNayrdaPi)al
deflation britprNa sPaBkarN_TMnij
cuHfCaTUeTA
deflationary gap KMlatbritprNa
rMElkGMNac/ eprGMNac
delegation 1> karepr siTiGMNac
2> KNRbtiPU
deliberation karBiPakSaedjedal
delinquent adj. 1> hYskalkMNt;
2> min)anbMeBjkatBVkicedayectna
delinquent n. GnItiCnRbRBwtelIs
deliver v. RbKl;
delivered at duty paid RbKl;enAkEng
)anbg;BnehIy
delivered at frontier RbKl;enARBMEdn
delivery karRbKl;/ ~ against payment
RbKl;TMnijeBlmankarTUTat;/ ~ order bN
bBaaeGayRbKl;TMnij/ ~ by instalments
RbKl;TMnijtamdMNak;kal/ ~ note lixit
RbKl;TMnij [eTAGtifiCn CamYyKanwgTMnij
demagogue n. GkbeBaIcraRs/ RbCaPiftik
demand tMrUvkar/ sMNUmBr/ ~ bill/draft
lixitbrykR)ak; eBlbgajFnaKar/
29
~ curve ExSekagtMrUvkar/ ~ deposit R)ak;

beBaIcrn/ ~ exceeds supply tMrUvkarelIs
karpt;pg;/ ~ loan kMcIKankalkMNt;
eBlTarRtUvsg
demand, to be in poor minsUvmantMrUvkar
demarcation (boundary) karkMNt;
RBMRbTl;
demilitarise v. dkTBecj/ eFVIvieyaFkm
de-mining kare)assMGatmIn
demise 1> Ptisna/ kicsnaCYl
2> mrNPaB
demobilise v. rMsay kgTB
dependability PaBGacBwgBak;)an
depletion karfycuHeRcIn/ kareRbIGs;/ tnukm
depletive asset RTBfycuHtamkareRbIR)as;
deport v. nireTs
deposit R)ak;beBaI/ nikitPN/ certificate of
~ RbkasnIybRtbeBaI/ demand ~ R)ak;
beBaIcrn/ guaranteed ~ nikitPNFana/
savings ~ R)ak;beBaIsnSM/ fixed/time ~
R)ak;beBaImankalkMNt;/ ~ bank FnaKar
TTYlR)ak;beBaI/ ~ guaranty account KNnI
R)ak;tMkl;Fana/ ~ in transit R)ak;beBaIkMBug
epr/ ~ receipt bgan;dTTYlR)ak;beBaI/
~ slip bNsresrepJIR)ak;
deposit R)ak;kk;
deposit (minerals...) RsTab;Er:
deposit v. 1> kk; 2> tMkl;R)ak;/ epJIR)ak;
democratisation
RbCaFibetyPavUbnIykm/ RbCanuvDn
demographic rate (birth, death ...)
GRtaRbCasaRs kMeNIt/ mrN >>>

demonetise karbBab;tMleRbIR)as;n
RkdasR)ak;kak;
denationalisation niCatUbnIykm/ karbr
RTBsm,tirdeTACakCn
denial, flat karRbEkkdac;Ghgar
enAFnaKar
depositor GkepJIR)ak;
depreciate v. Fak;f
depreciation 1> karFak;ftMl
2> kar rMls; 3> karswkerc
denominated in USD (cheque)
depreciation allowance (accounting)
carwkCadularGaemrik mUlb,TanbRt
denomination ktatMlnRkdasR)ak;
rW kak;
denominator (fraction) PaKEbg
density dg;sIuet
TayCTaneGaydl;rMls;
depress v. sgt;cuH TIpSar/ GarmN_/
Qan;RhVaMgrfyn >>>
depression, economic vism<aFesdkic
deputy prime minister ]bnaykrdmnI
deputy chairman GnuRbFan
deputy manager naykrg/ bNaFikarrg
deregulate v. eFVIbdiniytkm
dereliction of duty kare)aHbg;Parkic
Department of Overseas Trade
naykdanBaNiCkmeRkARbeTs
Department of Public Prosecution
GgkarGykar
department store PNaKar
30
derivative instrument (banking)
diagram KMnUsbMRBYj
differentiate v. Ejk
differentiation karEjkeGayeXIjPaBxusKa
digit elx/ single ~ inflation GtiprNa
]bkrN_nisSn
descendant bcaCn
description 1> karBiBNna
2> RbePTTMnij/ ~ of goods karraymuxTMnij
desertification rehadanIykm kareFVI[
mantYelxEtmYyxg;
digital EdlbgajCaelx/ DIhSItal;
digitalised economy esdkicerxUbnIykm
dignitary \sSrCn
dignity PaBffr/ \sSrPaB
dilemma n. sanPaBRtUveFVICMerIsdBi)ak
dimension TMhM/ TidPaB nsPaBkarN_GVImYy
direct adj. pal;/ foreign ~ investment
(FDI) vinieyaKpal;BIbreTs/ ~ cost tMl
plitpal;/ briyaTanpal;/ ~ exchange
karedaHdUredaypal;/ ~ export karnaMecj
edaypal;/ ~ tax Bnpal;
direct v. tMrg;Tis
direction 1> Tis/ TisedA 2> esckIENnaM/
provide ~ and guidance pl;TisedA
nigkarENnaM [eFVIGVImYy
directive karcglTis/ bTENnaM/ ~ on
wages and prices bTENnaMsIBIebovtSr_nigf
direct-lending schemes kmviFI\NTanpal;
director nayk
director-general GKnayk/ deputy ~
GKnaykrg
directory 1> bBaIrayeQaH
2> ftdak;Tinny kMuBTr
direct-transit trade BaNiCkmqgkat;pal;
disability BikarPaB
disadvantage plvi)ak/ KuNvibti
eTACavalrehadan
design karrcnatak;Etg/ bg;/ ~ effect
\TiBlnbg;/ ~ weight TMgn;bg;
design v. rcnatak;Etg
designation letter lixit]eTsnam
GktMNag>>>
desk study karsikSaenAkariyaly
detailed adj. lMGit/ ~ instructions
bTbBaalMGit
deteriorated Gn;KuNPaB TMnij
deterioration karGn;fy KuNPaB/ f>>>
determine v. kMNt;
detriment karxUcRbeyaCn_
detrimental Edl eFVIeGayxUcRbeyaCn_
bgeRKaHfak;
devalue v. bBauHtMlrUbiyvt eFobnwg
rUbiyvteTot
development karGPivDn_/ karlUtlas;/ ~
yuTsaRsGPivDn_/ ~ aid CMnYyGPivDn_/

~ project KMeragGPivDn_/ Development Triangle
Zone tMbn;GPivDn_RtIekaN
strategies
deviation 1> kargakecj 2> KMlat

devise n. GcyTanCaGclnRTB
tammrtksasn_
diagnosis n. eraKvinicy
31
disadvantaged caj;eRbob/ ~ farmers
discount rate
ksikrTn;exSay
discounted cash flow (DCF) analysis
disaggregation karbMEbkGgpSM
disagree v. minRBmeRBog/ minkPaB/
karviPaKlMhUrsac;R)ak;KittamryeBl
discouraged worker Blkr)ak;Twkcit
discretion qnanusiTi siTisMerceBjelj/
at the ~ of the government CaqnanusiTi
rbs;rdaPi)al
discrimination karerIseGIg
disequilibrium vismta/ PaBKanlMnwg
minyl;Rsb
disagreement n. karminRBmeRBog, in the
event of ~ kgkrNIKankarRBmeRBog
disbursement karebIkpl;R)ak;/
~ account KNnIraymuxkarebIkpl;R)ak;/
~ schedule kalviPaKebIkpl;R)ak;
discharge 1> dkbNwg/ ~ a bankrupt
GRtaGbhar/ GRtacuHf
dishonoured bill of exchange
rUbiyaNtiEdlRtUv)anbdiesF
dishonoured cheque mUlb,TanbRt
bdiesd minTUTat;
disillusion esckIRsgakcity:agxaMg
disincentive eRKOgbgak;Twkcit
disinflation karbnyGtiprNa
disinvestment kardkTunQb;vinieyaK
dismiss v. bBab;BIkargar/ edjecal/
dismissal n. karbBab;BIkargar
dispatch n. karbBan/ karEbgEck
dispatch v. epJI/ bBan TMnij>>>
dispersion diagram daRkambMEbkray
disposable personal income cMNUl
enATMenrrbs;buKl/ cMNUlbuKleRkaykat;Bn
]> R)ak;ExebIkykeTApH)an
dispose v. CMrHbBab;
dispossess dkhUtrbs;RTB
eGaybuKl)anrYcputBIPaBBIkSyFn BIeRBaH
)anTUTat;bMNulehIy 2> TUTat;bMNulTaMgRsug
3> bBab; buKlik
disciplinary action kardak;viny
kardak;eTasxagrd)al
disciplinary council RkumRbwkSaviny
GksMercdak;vinyelIbuKlik
disciplinary sanction TNkmxagviny/
to impose ~ dak;viny
disciplinary transfer
karpas;ecjedaydak;viny
disclaimer bTRbkasbdiesF
karTTYlxusRtUv/ siTi >>>
discount 1> Gbhar karcuHf/ cash ~
karlk;cuHftamkarbg;Casac;R)ak;/ to sell
goods at a ~ lk;TinijcuHf
2> Gbharit R)ak;cuHfeGay 3> cuHf
discount a bill v. eFVIGbharrUbiyaNti
lk;rUbiyaNtieGayFnaKar
discount bank FnaKarTij]bkrN_
TUTat;lixitbMNul
disproportionate (amount of cash)
vismamaRt cMnYnsac;R)ak;
dispute vivaT/ CMelaH/ ~ settlement
mechanism ynkaredaHRsayvivaT
32
domestic kgRsuk rW kgRbeTs/ ~ assets

(bank) RTBskmkgRsuk>/ ~ credit \NTan
kgRsuk/ ~ demand tMrUvkarkgRsuk/ ~ income
(DI) plTunkgRsuk/ ~ financing hirBab,Tan
kgRbeTs/ ~ product (DP) plitplkgRsuk/
~ savings sBayFnkgRsuk ~ supply
karpt;pg;kgRsuk/ ~ price stability sirPaB
fkgRsuk/ ~ trade BaNiCkmkgRsuk
domicile n. lMenA/ ~ of origin lMenAedIm
dissemination karpSBVpSay
dissolution karrMlay
distortion karERbRbYlxusPaBedIm
distress (sale) edaymanFurbnan;/ edaHTl
karlk;
distribution karEckcay
distribution of sample r)ayKMrUtag
distribution, unequal wealth
r)ayvismFn karEckcayRTBminesIKa
disturbance karrMxan/ noise ~ karrMxan
edaysMelg
diversification cMruHkm/ BiBiFkm
dividend PaKlaP
divisible adj. EdlEckdac;/ GacEbgEck/
~ letter of credit sar\NTanGacbMEbk)an
division of labour karEbgEckBlkm
docker kmkrkMBg;Ep
lMenABIkMeNIt tamFmtaKW lMenABuk

domiciled bill of exchange rUbiyaNti
manbBaak;Gasydan
domiciled in Cambodia
1> ksar TaMgGs;Tak;TinnwgerOgGVImYy

2> karksagsMNMuksar
manlMenApvkarenAkm<Ca
dominate v. RKbsgt;
domino effect \TiBldUmINU
donation GMeNay
donee bdiKahk
donor Tayk/ Gkpl;CMnYy
dormant adj. KanskmPaB/ ~ company
RkumhunKanskmPaB kgmYykariybriecT
dose xatmaRta/ kMrit
dossier sMNMuerOg
double v. ekInmYyCaBIr
documents against acceptance (D/A)
double-deflation technique
pl;ksarRbKl;TMnijeBlbBaak;TTYlRBmCMBak;
beckeTsbRgYmsn
documents against payment (D/P)
double-entry bookkeeping
pl;ksarRbKl;TMnijenAeBlsgR)ak;
dogma n. siTan CMenOrbs;mnusSmYyRkumEdl
eKrMBwgfaGkeTotTTYlykedayKanCECktv:a
dollarisation dularUbnIykm
viFIcuHbBaIeTVPaK
documentary collection
1> karRbmUlR)ak;eRkayeBl)anTTYlksar
2> karRbmUlksar
documentary credit \NTanksar
documentation
doubtful debt \NeTysgSy

down payment R)ak;kk;/ R)ak;bg;dMbUg
downgrade v bBaHtMl
33
dutiable EdlRtUvbg;Bn/ ~ goods TMnij

RtUvbg;BnCab;Bn
duty Bn BiessBnKy nigGakrBiess/ ad
valorem ~ Bnyktamf/ customs ~ BnKy/
excise ~ GakrBiess/ ~ paid price
fKitTaMgBn
duty Parkic/ ~ bound Cab;Parkic
duty-free EdlrYcBn/ ~ goods TMnijrYcBn
duty-paid goods TMnijbg;BnehIy
DVD DIvIDI fasvIedGU
dwindle v eFVIrMls;bnicmg
dynamic adj. DINamik/ Edlman famPaBsnH
dynamics n. DINamik/ famPaB
dynamism DINamIs/ famPaB/ snHkMlaMg
]> kgkarBakrN_tMlsnwkhun
downsize v. kat;bny
downstream product plitpl
xageRkamcugExS ekItecjBIplitpledIm
downward tendency ninakarfycuH
dowry ekrxagRsI
draconian measures viFankartwgrwgsMebIm
draft 1> esckIRBag 2> rUbiyaNti/ bank ~
rUbiyaNtiFnaKar lixitbBaa[FnaKarebIkR)ak;
draft term lkxNlixit
draught animals (GB), draft
animals (US) stVGUsTaj
draw lots v. cab;eqat edIm,IeRCIserIs
drawback n. cMNucminl
drawback n. BnKybgVilsgvij enAeBl
TMnijRtUv)annaMecjeTAvij
drawee bharit/ GkeGayeKdkR)ak;/
GkRtUv)anesIeGaybg;R)ak;
drawer bhark/ GkdkR)ak;
drawing account KNnIR)ak;beBaI
KankalkMNt;
drawing rights siTidkR)ak; siTisMuxI
drop karFak;cuH
dual price system RbBnfTVIk/ RbBnfBIr
due 1> EdlCMBak; 2> Edldl;kMNt;
due date \NRbtiTan/ fdl;kMNt;sgR)ak;
due-card salakbRtpl;TMnij
dumping karcak;Kr/ karlk;bgcf/
~ duty BnTb;Tl;nwgkarlk;bgcf
duplication 1> kareFVI[eTVKuN
2> karRtYtKa \tRbeyaCn_
durability PaBCab;lab;/ PaBzitezr
E, e
earmark v. lTuk sMrab;eKaledAGVImYy
earned fees kMrrk)an
earnest R)ak;kk;/ kMNt;
earning capacity smtPaBrkR)ak;
earnings cMNUl/ kMr/
retained ~ R)ak;cMeNjrkSaTuk
Edlmin)anebIk[mas;hunCaPaKlaPeT
ease, prices are inclined to fman
ninakarfycuH
easement esvPaB/ siTieRbIR)as;dIGkdT
easy money policy eKalneya)ay
sac;R)ak;gayRsYl EdlsMrYlkarpt;pg;
sac;R)ak;edIm,IBRgIkesdkic
34
easy terms of payment lkxNTUTat;
kmviFIsirPavUbnIykmesdkic
gayRsYl
economic cost-benefit analysis

(ECBA) karviPaKcMNaynigplcMeNj
ecological equilibrium lMnwgeGkULsuI

ecological tourism eGkUeTscrN_
ecological zone tMbn;eGkULsuI
ecology eGkULsuI
eco-national product (ENP)
xagesdkic
economical EdlsnSMsMc
economics viTasaRsesdkic
economies of scale esdkicmaRtdan
economist esdviTU
economise snSMsMc
economy esdkic/ sMc/ balance of
national ~ tulPaBesdkicCati/ black ~
esdkicggwt/ centrally planned ~ esdkic
EpnkarRbmUlpM/ decentralised ~ esdkic
vimCkar/ capitalist ~ esdkicmUlFn/ free
market ~ esdkicTIpSaresrI/ planned ~
esdkicEpnkar/ political ~ esdkic
neya)ay/ ~ car rfynsuIsaMgtic/ ~ size
plitplbrisanCati
econometrics esdkicmaRtsaRs/
viCavas;Evgesdkic
economic nesdkic/ ~ austerity
tbkmesdkic/ kart,itet,txagesdkic/
~ blockade/embargo karhuBTesdkic/
~ conditions lkxNesdkic/ sPaBkarN_
esdkic/ ~ conversion bMlas;esdkic
BiessBIrcnasm<neyaFamkrcnasm<n
esdkicminEmneyaFa/ ~ cooperation
shRbtibtikaresdkic/ ~ corridor
rebogesdkic/ ~ corridor RckTVar esdkic/ ~
crisis vibtiesdkic/ ~ cycle vd esdkic/ ~
downturn/recession karFak;cuH esdkic/ ~
efficiency RbsiTPaBesdkic/
~ entity GgPaBesdkic/ ~ forecast
karBakrN_esdkic/ ~ impact plb:HBal;
xagesdkic/ ~ indicator GaMgDIkarTresdkic/
~ pattern lMnaMesdkic/ ~ integration
smahrNkmesdkic/ ~ model KMrUesdkic/
~ philosophy TsSnviCaesdkic/ ~ policy
eKalneya)ayesdkic/ ~ projection
karKn;KUrxagesdkic/ ~ sanction TNkm
esdkic/ ~ stabilisation programme
xatFM lk;efakebIeFobnwgbrimaNva
education for all Gb;rMsMrab;TaMgGs;Ka
Education Sector Support
Programme (ESSP)
EpnkaryuTsaRssMrab;RTRTg;visyGb;rM
education service esvaGb;rM
effective skisiTi
effective date fRbsiTPaB
effective demand tMrUvkarCak;Esg
effective rate of protection (ERP)
GRtaKaMBarskisiTi
effectiveness PaBskisiTi
efficiency RbsiTPaB
efficient EdlmansmtPaB/ Edlmanpll/
35
~ worker kmkrEdlmansmtPaB
elaborate y:aglitln;/ briyayy:aglitln;
elasticity PaByWt/ EdlGacpas;br)an/
~ of supply and demand PaByWtnkar
citTukdak;eTAelInieyaCit
employer nieyaCk
employment 1> kargar eTogTat;manR)ak;
kMr 2> sanPaBmankargareFVI/ ~ rate GRta
GkmankargareFVI 3>karCYl [bMerIkargar
eTogTat;/ ~ bureau kariyalyrkkargar
eGayeFVI/ ~ shock karb:HTgicxagkargar
empower v. pl;GMNacpl;siTiGMNac[
emulation karRbECgtamKMrUl
enact a law Gnumtc,ab;
encode v. sresrCaelxkUd bkERbPasa
samBaeTACaelxkUd
encouragement karelIkTwkcit/ karCMruj
end product plitplsMerc
end result plsMerc
endangered species RbePTesIrputBUC
ending inventory sareBIPNcugRKa
endorse v. 1> KaMRT 2> carxg ksar
endorse v. (an expense) cuHTidakar
bBaak;yl;RBmelIcMNay (French: viser)
endorsee GkmansiTieRbIR)as;lixitsam
tamcMNarxg
endorsement bidielx/ cMNarBIxg/
rUbiybdiePaK/ ~ for collection cMNarxg
ksaredIm,IRbmUlR)ak;
endorser GkeFVIbidielx/ Gkcarxgksar/
rUbiybdiePaKI
endowment R)ak;pl;[/ TayCTan R)ak;
EbgEckCaeTogTat;sMrab;eKaledAGVImYy
energy conservation karsnSMsMcfamBl
energy efficiency RbsiTPaBfamBl
enforce payment v. bgMeGayTUTat;
pt;pg; nigtMrUvkar
elderly Cncas;Cra
electoral official mnIe)aHeqat
electrification GKIsnIPavUbnIykm/ rural
~ fund mUlniFiGKIsnIPavUbnIykmCnbT
electronic adj. eGLicRtUnik
element smasFatu
eligibility for bank loans PaBGacTTYl
)an\NTanBIFnaKar
eligible EdlmansiTi/ EdlGacTTYlyk)an
elite Gkzanx<s;
embargo karhuBT/ ninivarN_ ]> karham
Xat;mineGaynaMTMnijecj-cUl/ lift an ~
elIkkarhuBTecj/ place an ~ dak;karhuBT
embezzlement karekgRbvBa
emergency PaB bnan;Gasn/ in case of
~ kgkrNIbnan;/ ~ aid CMnYysegaHbnan;/
~ condition lkxNPaBGasn/ ~ fund
mUlniFisegaHbnan;/ ~ loan kMcIsegaHbnan;/
~ relief CMnYysegaHbnan;/ ~ tax BnvisamBa
emerging economies esdkickMBugegIbeT,Ig
emerging markets TIpSarkMBugpuseT,Ig
emission bnSay ]> ]snBul
emolument brilaP/ R)ak;bMNac;muxtMENg
emotional buying motive bMNgTij
edayrMePIbcit
emphasise v. sgt;Fn;/ KUsbBaak;
employee nieyaCit/ ~ oriented Edlyk
36
karb:HBal;brisan/ ~ protection
kickarBarbrisan/ ~ security snisuxbrisan
envoy eRbsitebskCnBiess
equality smPaB/ income ~ smPaBn
R)ak;cMNUl/ ~ benefit plRbeyaCn_esIKa/
equalisation kareFVIeGaymansmPaB
equation smIkar
equilibrium lMnwg/ tulPaB/ smta/
~ price flMnwg
equitable edaysmFm/ esIPaB
equities hunFmta
equity n. RTBmas; RTBskm dk
bMNUlcrn nighunGnueRKaH
equity smFm/ with ~ EdlmansmFm/ ~
fund mUlniFismFm
equity capital Tunmas;hunFmta
equity of redemption siTils;
rbs;kUnbMNulGuIb:UEtk
equity participation PaKkm cUlhun
equivalent smmUl/ esIKa/ b:unKa/ ~ to
smmUlnwg/ ~ value tMlsmmUl
error elg/ kMhus/ micaelx/ ~ in
measurement elgkgkarvas;Evg
escalation karrIkraldal TMnas;/
kMeNInkartantwg
escrow, in EdlrkSaTukkgdttIyCn
essential Casarvn/ ~ goods TMnijCasarvn
established business GaCIvkmEdl
cak;bJsehIy/ GaCIvkmmanRsab;
establishment 1> RKwHsan 2> karbegIt
estate 1> dIkmsiTi FM
enforce v. dak;eGayRbtibti/ dak;bgM[Gnuvt/

BRgwgkarGnuvtn_ c,ab;/ enforcement (n)
enforceable mantMlRbtibti/ Gacdak;bgM
[Gnuvt)an
engage v. Bak;BncUl
engagement karcUlRbLk
engine of economic growth
k,alma:sIunkMeNInesdkic
enhancement karelIksy
enough RKb;RKan;
enquiry esckIesI/
make enquiries saksYrBtman
enrollment rate (school)
GRtacuHeQaHcUleron
enterprise shRKas/ free ~ shRKasesrI
minenAeRkamkarRKb;RKgrbs;rd/ smallscale ~ shRKasxattUc
entertainment karkMsan/ ~ centre
mNlkMsan
entitle v. pl;siTi
entity GgPaB/ legal ~ nItibuKl
entrepreneur shRKin
entrepreneurship shRKinPaB/ lkN
cRbDitrksuI
entry 1> elxna KNeny 2> karcUl/
~ point cMNuccUl/ RckcUl
enumerator GkcuHeFVIGegt/ GksYrGegt
KYreRbI interviewer rW surveyor vij
environment brisan/ ~ scan karemIl
cMNucsMxan;kgbrisan
environmental adj. nbrisan/ ~ impact
37
karbrR)ak;/ ~ dumping karlk;bMpajGRta

brR)ak;/ ~ gain/loss cMeNjkMhatelI
karbrR)ak;/ ~ office kariyalybrR)ak;
2> pSar/ kEnglk;Tij/ stock ~ pSarhun
2> RTBsm,tirbs;buKlEdlsab;
estate agent Pak;garrksuICYl rWlk;Gcln
RTB
estate, real GclnRTB
estimate v. )a:n;san/ vaytm
estimated profit R)ak;cMeNj)a:n;san
estimation bias lMeGognkar)a:n;san
ethics sIlFm/ sIlFmviCaCIv RkmsIlFm
ethnography CatiBnviTa
Eurodollar dularGWr:ub dularepJIkgFnaKarenA
eRkAshrdGaemriksMrab;bMerIBaNiCkmkgGWr:ub
evaluation karvaytm/ credit project ~
karvaytMlKMerag\NTan
evasion (tax) kareKc Bn
even number elx Kt;KUrKUr
event RBwtikarN_/ ~ of default krNIKan
lTPaBsg
eventuality yfaehtu
evidence Pstag
evolution karvivtn_
evolving process dMeNIkarvivtin_
exacerbate eFVIeGayrwtEtFn;Fr
examine v. Binit
ex-ante price fEpnkar muneBlGnuvt
Cak;Esg
excavation kMNay buraNviTa
exceed v. elIs
excess n. & adj. 1> el,Is/ sMNl; fvika
2> elIs/ ~ capacity smtPaBelIs
tMrUvkarplit/ ~ reserve R)ak;bMrugelIs
exchange 1> karedaHdUr/ karbr/ karpas;br
BaNiCkm/ ~ control karRtYtBinit
exchange rate or rate of exchange

GRtabrR)ak;/ monthly average ~ GRta
brR)ak;mFmRbcaMEx/ closing ~ GRtabrR)ak;
enAeBlbiT/ fixed ~ GRtabrR)ak;minERbRbYl
efr/ parallel market ~ GRtabrR)ak;TIpSar/
forward ~ GRtabrR)ak;mankalkMNt;/
official ~ GRtabrR)ak;pvkar/ spot ~ GRta
brR)ak;dl;d
exchange, letter of (or bill of )
rUbiyaNti
excise tax GakrBiess c,ab;km<Ca Gakr
BiesselITMnijnigesvamYycMnYn
excise tax revenues rCeTycMNUl
exclusive agent tMNagpac;mux
exclusive right siTipac;mux
executive adj. Edl RbtibtiGnuvt/
~ body/entity/unit esnaFikar/ ~ director
naykRbtibti/ ~ committee KNkmaFikar
Rbtibti/ ~ structure rcnasm<nRbtibti/
~ summary esckIsegb segbksar
EdlEvgsMrab;fak;dwknaMGan
executive n. 1> fak;dwknaM/ chief ~ nayk
Rkumhun 2> GMNacnItiRbtibti
executive power GMNacnItiRbtibti
rdaPi)al/ GMNacRbtibti sabnepSgeTot
dUcCaRkumRbwkSaXMu
exemption, tax karelIkElgBn/ muFaPaB
nBnGakr
38
explicit Cak;lak;/ ~ instruction bTbBaa
exert pressure v. dak;sMBaF/ eFVIkarekobsgt;

existence GtiPaB
existing EdlmanRsab;/ ~ structure
rcnasm<nEdlmanRsab;/ ~ level of
development kMrit manRsab;GtiPaB
Cak;lak;
exploitation GaCIvkm/ ~ of natural
resources kareFVIGaCIvkmFnFanFmCati
exploration karrukrk/ oil ~ karrukrk
nkarGPivDn_
exit point cMNucecj/ Rckecj
ex-officio tamGMNacmuxgar ]> tam
GMNacedaysar muxgarCahirBaik Kat;RtUv
kayCasmaCiknKNkmkarhirBavt
exogenous xageRkA/ negative ~ factors
ktaGviCmanxageRkA
expansion karBRgIk/ vibulkm/ vibulkar/vitarkm
expatriate (or expat) GkcMeNalRsuk/
GaNikCn
expectation, rational karrMBwgsmehtupl
expected profit R)ak;cMeNjrMBwgTuk
expend v. cMNay/ cay
expenditure n. cMNay/ capital ~ cMNay
CamUlFn/ current ~ cMNaycrn cMNayCa
RbcaMkgksarxH/ ~ curve ExSekagcMNay
expenses, administrative cMNayrd)al
expenses, sundry cMNayepSg
experience n. bTBiesaFn_
experiment n. BiesaFn_
eRbgkat
exponential growth kMeNInGicSb:UNg;sIuEyl
export v. & n. 1>naMecj 2>karnaMecj/
nIhrN/ ~ article/item muxTMnijnaMecj/
~ duty BnnaMecj/ ~ subsidies ]btmFn
sMrab;karnaMecj/ ~ licence GaCJabNnaMecj/
~ monopoly karnaMecjpac;mux/ ~ tariff
taragBnnaMecj/ ~ of workers karnaMecj
Blkm
exportation karnaMecj/ nIhrNkm
exporter GknaMecj/ nIharin
exporting firm RkumhunnaMecj
exports TMnijnaMecj
ex-post project evaluation karvay
tMleRkayeBlKMeragcb;
exposure (banking) haniPy/ large ~
haniPyFM
extended fund facility (EFF)
]bkrN_sMrYlsMrab;mUlniFibEnm
extension karbneBl eGay
extensive adj. yfapl/ ~ agriculture
ksikmyfapl
external accounts KNnIpeRkA
external aid CMnYyBIxageRkA RbeTs
external balance CBaIgTUTat;GnrCati
externalities 1> plb:HBal;mkBIeRkA
experimental learning cycle
vderonsURtedaydkBiesaFn_
experimentation BiesaFnkm/ karBiesaFn_
expertise ekaslvicy
expiration of a contract karputkMNt;
nkicsna
39
ktacMnUlbzm/ primary ~ of production

ktaplitkmbzm
factual Cak;Esg/ ~ situation sanPaBCak;Esg
fad GVIEdleKniymmYyRKa
fail v. xkxan/ kSyFn/ KaneCaKCy
fair mansmFm/ edayyutiFm/ RtwmRtUv/
principle of ~ competition eKalkarN_
RbkYtRbECgRtwmRtUv/ ~ price fsmrm
fairness PaBsmrm
fait(s) accompli(s) RBwtiny GVIEdl)an
ekItehIy brElg)an
fall in prices karFak;f
fall sharply v. Fak;cuHy:agKMhuk ]> f
plitpl
fallacious EdlbMPan;
false adj. Ekgkay/ minBit
falsify v. Ekgkay
family allowance(s) viPaCn_RKYsar/
R)ak;]btmRKYsar
family business GaCIvkmCalkNRKYsar
family food production plitkm
es,gCalkNRKYsar
family scale (fishing) karensaT
CalkNRKYsar
family well-being suxumalPaBRKYsar
famine TurikS/ karGt;Xan
fancy k,ac;k,r/ hWuha
2> ktaxageRkA
extract sMrg;
extraction karykecjmk/ karykEr:/
nisSarNkm
extractive industry ]sSahkmykEr:
extradition btabn
karRbKl;CnCab;ecaTeTA[RbeTsepSg
extraordinary session smyRbCMuvisamBa
extrapolation karKn;KUr
extra-structural adjustment facility
(ESAF) ]bkrN_sMrYlsMrab;EktMrUvbEnm
extrinsic reward rgVan;mkBIeRkA
ex-warehouse priceflk;ecjBIXaMg
ex-works/ex-factory price f lk;
ecjBIeragcRk
F, f
fabric of peace, strengthen the
BRgwgekasikasniPaBeGaypSarPab;Kal
face value tMlcuHelIbN
facilitate v. CYysMrYl/ bglkNgayRsYl
facilities eRKOgsMrYlkar/ kEngsMrYlkar
facility kargayRsYl/ ]bkrN_sMrYl/ extended
fund ~ ]bkrN_sMrYlsMrab;mUlniFibEnm
fact Ggehtu
fact-finding mission ebskkmEsVgrkkarBit
factor kta/ ~ cost ktatMl BakeRbIkg
KNnICatisMedAdl;plitplKittamfTIpSar
bUk]btmFn dkBnpal;ecj/ primary ~
cost ktatMlbzm/ primary ~ income
fare fQlyanCMniH/ concessionary ~ f
QlGnueRKaH/ full ~ fQleBj/ half ~ f

QlBak;kNal/ single/one way ~ feFVI
dMeNIrEteTA rW Etmk/ return ~ (roundtrip ~)
feFVIdMeNIreTAmk/ high/low season ~ fQl
40
fiduciary currency rUbiyvt rW R)ak;Rkdas

fiduciary loan kMcIKanvtFana
field expenditure cMnaycuHeFVIkardl;kEng
FIFO (first in, first out) hVIhV cUlmun
x<s; rWTabtamrdUv
farm ksidan, ~ equipment brikarksidan
farming rbrksikm/ extensive ~ kareFVI
ksikmtamEbbvibulvb,km/ ksikmyfapl/
intensive ~ ksikmGtipl/ kareFVIksikmtam
EbbRbBlvb,km
ecjmun
filing 1> kartMkl;Tuk 2> kardak;CUnBinit
filing system RbBnerobcMksar
fill in a form bMeBjTMrg;EbbbT
final cugeRkay/ ~ goods plitplsMerc/
~ output Fatuecjplitpl cugeRkay/
~ consumption kareRbIR)as;cugeRkay/
~ provisions Gvsanb,Bati c,ab;/
~ settlement karTUTat;pac;
finance officer mnIhirBavt
finance v. pl;hirBab,Tan/ pl;Tun
financial nhirBavt/ ~ accounting
KNenyhirBavt/ ~ assistance CMnYy
hirBavt/ ~ autonomy sVyPaBhirBavt/
~ appropriation R)ak;viPaCn_/ ~ charge/
cost bnkcMNayhirBavt/ ~ crisis vibti
hirBavt/ ~ forecast karBakrN_hirBavt/
~ institution sabnhirBavt/ ~ panic
GehtuPyhirBavt/ ~ liquidation karCMrH
hirBavt/ ~ pressure sMBaF hirBavt/
~ rate of return GRtaTajcMNUlhirBavt/ ~
reform kMENTMrg;hirBavt/ ~ services esva
hirBavt/ ~ shocks karb:HTgicxaghirBavt/
~ self-sufficiency PaBmas;karxaghirBavt/
~ standing sanPaBhirBavt/ CMhrhirBavt/
~ year qaMhirBavt/ kariybriecT
far-sighted EdlemIleXIjEvgqay
FAS (free alongside ship) fTMnijdwk
dl;EKmnava
fast selling items TMnijlk;dac;elOn
fast-food restaurant ePaCnIydan
Gaharrhs
fauna rcstV BBYkstV
favor karGnueRKaH
favourable GMeNaypl/ ~ conditions
lkxNGMeNaypl/ ~ trade balance
CBaIgBaNiCkml
favouritism GnueRKaHniym
fax TUrsar
feasibility study karsikSaBIPaBGaceFVI)an
rW karsikSaBIsmiTilTPaB
feature lkNsMKal;/ vtniTsSn_
fee kMr/ esahuy/ licence ~ kMrGaCJabN
feedback BtmanRtLb;
Btmanpl;mkeGayvij
feet, foot hVIt/ hVt/ rgVas;RbEvg
felony bT]Rkid
fertility PaBmankUn/ ~ rate GRtamankUn
feudalism skiPUminiym
fiduciary Cnkan;tMENgCaTITMnukcit/ abuse
of ~ karrMelaPesckITukcit
financial cost-benefit analysis (FCBA)
41
fixture eRKOgbMBak;Cab;/ fixtures and

fittings eRKOgbMBak; TaMgGclt nigclt
karviPaKcMNay nigplcMeNjhirBavt
financial manager (French:
Edllk;eTACamYynwgpH
GaNabk/ principal ~ GaNabk

edImExS/ delegated ~ GaNabkeprsiTi
ordonnateur)
flammable substance sarFatueqH

flat sMEb:t/ rab/ qakar/ ~ fee kMrqaka/
~ price fqakar
flaw exaH/ KuNvibti
flawed EdlmanexaH/ EdlmanKuNvibti
flexible Edlbt;Ebn)an/ Tn;Pn;/ ~ exchange
rate GRtabrR)ak; rs;Tn;Pn;
flight of capital lMhUrelOnecjmUlFn
flimsy paper RkdaseBIelo RkdasesIg
float v. 1> GENt/ 2> dak;[GENt/
floating rate GRta karR)ak; GENt
floating capital TuunbgVil
flooded forest RBlicTwk
floor price fGb,brma
flora rukCati
flotation of a new company karcab;epIm
financing hirBab,Tan/ ~ arm saxapl;

hirBab,Tan/ ~ modalities EbbbTpl;
hirBab,Tan
finding rbkKMehIj/ lTplrkeXIj/ KMehIj/
karrkeXIj
fine v. & n. 1> pakBiny 2> R)ak;pakBiny
finished goods/products plitpl sMerc
fire insurance karFanar:ab;rgeRKaHGKIPy
firm GgPaBGaCIB/ shRKas
firm offer karsnalk;Cak;lak;
firm sale karlk;pac; tamkicsnaRtwmRtUv
fiscal nsareBIBn/ ~ deficit nPaB
sareBIBn/ ~ policy neya)aysareBIBn/
~ year qaMsareBIBn
fish culture/farming karciBawmRtI
fisheries reform kMENTMrg;visyensaT
ebIkRkumhunfIedaylk;snwkhunrbs;RkumhunenaH
flow lMhUr/ karhUr
flow chart tarag/ Ggkarelx
flow, stock sniFicracr
fluctuation kareLIgcuHf
FOB (free on board) fTMnijdwkdl;elInava
FOB airport fTMnijdwkdl;Gakasyandan
nigClpl
fisheries resource FnFanClpl
fishery karensaT
fishery zone EdnensaT/ reserved ~
EdnensaTbMrugTuk
fishing lot Lt_ensaT
fixed Cab;lab;/ efr/ Gclt/ ~ asset RTB
skmCab;lab;/ Gclkm/ ~ capital TunGclt/
GclkmCamUlFn/ ~ cost/ expenses
bnkcMNayefr/ ~ deposit R)ak;beBaIman
kalkMNt;/ ~ rate GRtaefr minERbRbYl
fixing of quotas karkMNt;kUta/ kardak;kUta
FOB shipment to destination
fTMnijdwkdl;eKaledA
FOB trimmed fTMnijdwkdl;elInava
nigerobeGay
FOB under tackle
fTMnijdwkdl;eRkamdgeyag
42
vinieyaKpal;BIbreTs/ ~ inflows lMhUrcUlBI

breTs CMnYy/ rUbiybN>>/ ~ liabilities
(bank) RTBGkmbreTs/ ~ reserves FnbMrug
breTs/ ~ trade BaNiCkm eRkARbeTs
foreign-aid programme kmviFICMnYybreTs
focal point cMNucRbsBV

focus v. & n. 1> epat 2> cMNucepat
following tameRkay/ ~ year qaMeRkay
qaMeRkayTI1
follow-up v. & n. tamdanbn
food mbGahar/ es,g/ ~ price index
snsSn_fmbGahar/ ~ products/stuffs
foreign-trade turnover
cMNUlBaNiCkmeRkARbeTs
foreman emkar/ emRkum Cag/ kmkr
foresight karyl;dwgmun
forest RBeQI/ protected ~ areas
tMbn;RBkarBar/ ~ concession RBsm,Tan/
coupe ~ RBKub/ operable ~ RBeQIGac
eFVIGaCIvkm)an
forest product/sub-product GnuplRBeQI
forestry ruksaRs
forfeit money R)ak;Biny
forfeit v. kat;ecj/ )at;bg; CakarBiny
forfeited to the government RtUv)an
rwbGUsCasm,tird
forgery karEkg
form RTg;RTay/ legal ~ rUbPaBKtiyut
form (document) TMrg;kar ksar
plitples,g
food balance tulkares,g brimaN
es,gTaMgGs;Edlman eFobnwg cMnYnRbCaCn

EdlRtUvciBawm
food for work es,gsMrab;Blkm
]> GgrBlkm
food security snisuxes,g
FOR (free on rail) fTMnijdwkdl;elIpvEdk
force 1> kMlaMg 2> kMlaMgBlkm
force majeure RbFanski
force, come into cUlCaFrman/
manRbsiTPaB
forecast v. & n. BakrN_
foreclose a mortgage v. bwgGMNUs/
rwbGUskmsiTiGclnvtdak;Fana/ bwgTamTar
kmsiTi niekbRTBRTBbBaaM edaysareK
min)ansgbMNultamkicsna
foregoing esckIeTIbelIkeLIg
foreign breTs/ ~ accounts KNnIenA
breTs/ ~ assets RTBskmbreTs/ RTBbeBaI
enAbreTs/ ~ balance CBaIgTUTat; GnrCati/
~ currency/exchange rUbiyvt breTs rW
rUbiybN/ ~ exchange auction karedjf
rUbiybN/ ~ direct investment (FDI)
form and legal concepts of the law
TMrg; nig Kti nc,ab;

formal pvkar/ erobry/ ~ sector visy
erobry
formalities EbbbT/ TMrg;EbbbT/ TMrg;kar/
fulfil v. ~ bMeBjEbbbT
formulation mission ebskkmelIkmti
forward mankalkMNt; enAGnaKt/
~ delivery karRbKl;mankalkMNt;/
43
~ price flk;mankalkMNt;
forward v. bBanTMnij
forwarding agency TIPak;gardwkCBan
forwarding, advice of lixitCUndMNwg
free of charge eday\tbg;f

free on board and trimmed (see
FOB trimmed) fTMnijdwkdl;elInava
bBanTMnij
free on rail (see FOR)

free on truck (see FOT)
free will eday suTcit
freedom of association
nigerobeGay
FOT (free on truck) fTMnijdwkdl;elIrfyn

foul bill of lading bNdwkCBanminl
EdlbBaak;BIsanPaBTMnijminlenAeBl
mas;navaTTYlva
foundation 1> RKwH/ mUldanRKwH/ xwmsar
2> mUlniFi
founder n. sabnik/ GkbegItRkumhun
founder v. rlM/ TTYlbraCy
founding instrument ksarbegIt
Rkumhun
frame Rkb/ RkbxN
framework RkbxN
franchise siTieRbIeQaHBaNiCkm
edIm,IeFVIGaCIvkm
franchisee GkTTYlsiTieRbIeQaHBaNiCkm
franchiser Gkpl;siTieGayeRbIeQaHBaNiCkm
fraud karKbnM
fraudulent EdlKbnM
free esrI/ ~ market economy esdkic
pSaresrI/ carriage ~ dwkeGayminKitf
GkTijmin)ac;ecjfdwkeT
esrIPaBksagsmaKm
freehold property kmsiTiKankalkMNt;
freeze kk/ bgk/ wage freeze karbgk
ebovtSr_ mineGayeLIgcuH
freight fdwkCBan/ ~ forward fdwkRtUv
bg;edayGkTij
freight prepaid fdwkCBan)anbg;mun
freight, ad valorem fdwkCBanyktam
fTMnij
frequency PaBjwkjab;/ eRhVkg; ]> viT
freshwater Twksab/ ~fisheries
karensaTTwksab ~fish RtITwksab
fringe benefits GtRbeyaCn_bEnm
frozen account KNnI pwbbBab;
frozen assets RTBpib/ RTBCab;kI
frozen capital mUlFn pwbbBab;
fruitful EdlmanEppa
fuel eRKOgeqH/ \nn
full eBj/ Eqt/ sBVRKb;/ ~ price feBj
KancuHf/ ~ capacity smtPaBeBjelj
full time work kargareBjem:ag
fully fledged bank FnaKarmanRKb;esva
EdlFMFat;eBjrUbrag
free alongside ship (FAS)
fdwkTMnijdl;EKmnava
free board and lodging
Gaharnigsak;enAeday\tbg;f
free currency rUbiyvtTijlk;)anedayesrI
rdKandak;kMhitRtYtRta
44
full-right representative tMNageBjsiTi

fully paid up Edl)anTUTat;TaMgRsug
function muxgar
fund mUlniFi/ ~ accounting systems
RbBnKNenymUlniFi/ ~ flow lMhUrmUlniFi/
~ raising karrGgasmUlniFi
fund (French: provision) sMviFanvt
gamble on the stock exchange v.
elgEl,gTijdUrsnwkhun
gap KMlat
garment industry ]sShkmkat;edr
garnishee n. ttiyCnGMNUs GkEdlCMBak;
R)ak;dl;buKlmak; ehIyEdlRtUvtulakarbBaa[
sgR)ak;eTAmas;bMNulrbs;buKlmak;enaH
gateway mat;Rck/ international communication ~ mat;RckTUrKmnaKmn_GnrCati
gather RbmUlpM
sMrab;TUTat;mUlb,TanbRt
fundamental adj. CaRKwH/ CamUldan/
~ research karRsavRCavCaRKwH
funding agency/project TIPak;gar
KMerag pl;mUlniFi
funds held in trust mUlniFibeBaI ]> Ggkar
k EdleTIbbegItfI minTan;manKNnIenAFnaKar
enAeLIy. TaykGacpl;R)ak; eGayGgkar k
edayepJIvacUl KNnIrbs;Ggkar x Edlman
TMMnak;TMnglCamYyxn edIm,I[GgkarenHebIkpl;
bneTA[Ggkar k
fungibility PaBEdlGacykeTACMnYsKa)an
rbs;nimYyKan lkNtMrUvkar edIm,IsMKal;
ecjBIKaeT ]> EdkeKal/ fungible adj.
fungibles TMnijGacfwgrab;>>>)an
future value tMlGnaKt
GATT (General Agreement on Tariffs

and Trade) hat;/ kicRBmeRBogTUeTAsIBI
taragBnKynigBaNiCkm
GDP (gross domestic product) pss
plitplkgRsuksrub
gem or gemstone t,gmantMl
gender eynDr tYnaTIbursRsI
gene EhSn/ modify a gene EkcEhSn
general 1> TUeTA/ eKalkarN_ kgRbkas>>/
~ points (in law) kMNt;TUeTA/ ~ provisions
bTb,BatiTUeTA 2> GK/ ~ director GKnayk
general and administrative expenses
cMNayTUeTA nigcMNayrd)al
general inspector GKaFikar/ deputy ~
GKaFikarrg
general inspectorate GKaFikardan
general ledger (accounting) esovePAFM
general meeting mhasni)at
general partner GkcUlhunKankMrit
TTYlxusRtUvKankMrit
general regulations nItirYm
G, g
gain n. & v. 1> kMeNIn/ capital ~ tMlelIs
elIkarlk;RTBskmCab;lab; 2> ekIneT,Ig/

cMeNj CaR)ak;
galloping inflation GtiprNaelatepaH
45
general rule, as a tamviFanTUeTA

generality PaBTUeTA
generalisation kareFVI[manlkNTUeTA
Generalised System of Preferences
(GSP) RbBnGnueRKaHTUeTA
generally accepted accounting
principle (GAAP) eKalkarN_
goal eKaledA
going concern GaCIvkmmandMeNIrkar
going price fFmta/ fcrn
going rate GRtaFmta/ GRtacrn
gold standard sg;darmas/ ~ system
RbBnbrR)ak;tamsg;darmas
goods TMnij/ capital ~ TMnijmUlFn/
consumer/consumable ~ TMnijeRbIR)as;/
dry ~ RkNat;nigexaGav/ faulty ~ TMnij
xUcKuNPaB/ finished ~ plitplsMerc/ free
circulation ~ TMnijcracresrI/ luxury ~
TMnijRbNit/ household ~ TMnijeRbIR)as;kg
pH/ manufactured ~ TMnijeFVIedaym:asuIn/
~ and services TMnij nigesva/ ~ in bond
TMnijenAXaMgKy rg;caMkarbg;Bn/ ~ in
stock TMnijkgsk/ ~ left on hand TMnijRtUv
)anbdiesFminTTYl/ ~ in transit TMnijqg
kat;/ ~ on consignment TMnijepJIeTAlk;
goodwill 1> ekreQaHCMnYj/ mUlniFiBaNiCkm
2> suqn
governance GPi)alkic/ local ~ GPi)al
kicmUldan
government rdaPi)al/ ~ and institutional
accounting KNenyrdaPi)al nigKNeny
sabn/ ~ agency sabnrd/ ~ securities
sBaabNrdaPi)al
KNenymankarTTYlsal;TUeTA
genetic nEhSn/ ~ sequence lMdab;EhSn
genetic modification (GM) karcEhSn/
GM food GaharcEhSn/ GM agriculture
ksikmcEhSn
genome CINUm/ sMNMuEhSn
genus BYk/ CMBUk stV/ rukCati >>>
geography, economic PUmiviTaesdkic
geology PUKBsaRs
gesture kayvikar
gift GMeNay
gilt-edged investments vinieyaKman
suvtiPaBx<s; ]> bNrtnaKar
global adj. sakl/ srub/ ~ demand
tMrUvkarsrub/ ~ social product plitpl
sgmsrub/ ~ economic recession
karFak;cuHesdkicCasakl
globalisation of economy
saklPavUbnIykmesdkic
glossary sTanuRkm/ bTanuRkm
glut eRcInkkkuj/ ~ the market eRcIn
liclg;TIpSar
grace period (debt payment)
efrevlaGnueRKaH
grade (civil servant) fak;
grading karEbgEckKuNPaB
grand plan bg;cMbg
GNP (gross national product)

plitplCatisrub/ plTunCatisrub/ ~ deflator
snsSn_britprNaplitplCatisrub
46
TUTat;/ ~ certificate or certificate of ~

bNFanaKuNPaB/ quality ~ karFanaKuNPaB
grand total srubrYm

grandstanding karykkMBs;
grant GMeNayhirBavt/ ~ aid CMnYy\tsMNg
graphics RkahVik/ BinerxIy_
grassroots level kMritmUldan
grassroots organisation
guaranteed bill of exchange
rUbiyaNtimankarFana
guaranteed deposit fund R)ak;kk;
guarantees and commitments under
signature (banking) karsnatamhtelxa
Ggkarfak;eRkam kMritRbCaCn
gratuity R)ak;sKuN/ sTaTan/ CMnUn tbsg
guarantor GkFana ]> elIGkNamak;
Greater Mekong Sub-region
kgkarsgbMNul
mhaGnutMbn;emKg
guardianship GaNaBa)al
green revolution bdivtn_btg

greenhouse pHkBak;/ ~ effect bcy
pHkBak;/ ~ gas ]snpHkBak;
grid bNaj RbTak;RkLa
gross dul/ srub/ ~ domestic product
(GDP) plitplkgRsuksrub pss/
~ margin cMeNjdul/ Gb,hardul Ca
PaKrynflk;/ ~ national product
(GNP) plitplplTun Catisrub/~ price
fdul/ ~ negligence kareFVsRbEhsFn;Fr
c,ab;/ ~ output Fatuecjdul/ ~ profit
cMeNjdul/ ~ proceeds/receipts/returns
cMNUldul/ ~ weight TMgn;dul
groupage/grouped bill of lading
guideline eKalkarN_ENnaM
guilt BiruTPaB
H, h
habitual CaTMlab;
hacker hak;Kr GklYceRCotcUleTAkg
RbBnkMuBTrrbs;GkdT
half Bak;kNal/ first ~ of the 6th
century Bak;kNalTI1 nstvtSr_TI6
hallucination mmal/ karmmal
hand bill xitbN bNeXasnapSBVpSay
EckeGaypal;d
handicraft sib,km/ vteFVIedayd/
~ goods TMnijsib,km
handle cat;Ecg/ edaHRsay/ ~ a situation
edaHRsaysankarN_
handling (goods) karelIkdak;
hard rwg/ lM)ak/ ~ condition lkxN
twgEtg/ ~ bargain kartfdtwgEtg/ ~ cash
vikybRtdwkCBansrub
growth kMeNIn/ karlUtlas;/ ~ rate
GRtakMeNIn
GSP (Generalised System of
Preferences) RbBnGnueRKaHTUeTA
guarantee karFana/ vtFana/ ~ for a loan
vtFanasMrab;kMcI/ ~ of payment karFana
47
hidden adj. bgb;/ ~ reserves FnbMrugbgb;

hierarchy zananuRkm
high grade (ore) KuNPaBx<s; Er:
high school viTaly/ junior ~ GnuviTaly
high-tech (sector) beckviTax<s; visy
hindsight karyl;dwgtameRkay KWman
sac;R)ak;mankgd
hard disk (computer) fasrwg
hardware eRKOgcRkFn;/ Faturwg kMuBTr
harmonisation suxdumnIykm/ kareFVI[
manPaBcuHsMrugKa
harmonised EdlrlUnKa
harmony PaBsuxdumrmna
harsh conditions lkxNtwgEtg
haulage fdwkTMnij/ kardwkTMnij tamrfyn
rW rfePIg/ ~ cost (rates) fdwkTMnij/
~ company/firm RkumhundwkCBanTMnij
hazardous EdlRbkbedayeRKaHfak;
head office kariyalyFM/ TIcat;karFM
head tax BnmnusS
heading cMNgeCIg/ xg; taragtulkar
bTBiesaFn_edayRBwtki arN_)anekIteLIgehIy
hire-purchase agreement kicsnaCYl-
Tijpac;/ kicsnaTijbNak;
historic/historical cost tMltam
RbvtisaRs tMlCak;EsgkalBIeBlTijcUl
historical steps CMhanmanGtnyCaRbvtisaRs
hold in trust kan;kab;CakarepJITuk
holder (of a cheque...) Gkkan;
holder in due course Gkkan;kab;RtwmRtUv/
Kahkniyt
holding company RkumhunhUlDij kan;
kab;Cag 50nPaKhunkgRkumhunmYyeTot
home market pSarkgRsuk
homelessness PaBKanpHsMEbg
home-made plitenA kgRsukpH
homogeneity PaBesIsac;
homogenous adj. sPaK/ esIsac; dUcKa
honorarium R)ak;sKuN
horizontal epk/ ~ coordination
karsMrbsMrYltamExSepk rW ExSTTwg
horticulture sakvb,km/ kareFVIc,ardMNaM
host government rdaPi)almas;pH
headquarters (of a company)
TIsak;karkNal
health care karEfTaMsuxPaB
healthy EdlmansuxPaBl/ ~ balance
sheet taragtulkarEsgplcMeNj/ ~ profit
plcMeNjkgcMnYny:ageRcIn
hearing svnakar
heavy equipment brikarFunFn;
heavy industry ]sSahkmFunFn;
hedged EdlRtUv)ankarBarkarxatbg;
heir TayaT GkTTYlmrtk
hereafter BIenHteTA
hereby tamryenH
heritage mrtk/ national ~ ebtikPNCati
heterogeneity PaBminesIsac;
heterogeneous laycMruHKa/ visman/
visPaK mindUcKa/ minesIsac;
hot money (money moving frequently

from one country to another) luyekA
household RKYsar/ RKY/ female-headed ~
RKYsarRsIemRKY/ male-headed ~ RKYsar
48
idle TMenrecal/ KaneRbIkar/ ~ capital

TunKaneRbIkar/ ~ time em:agTMenrecal
m:asuIneFVIkar)anEtKandMeNIrkar
illegal adj. xusc,ab;/ ~ contract kicsna
xusc,ab;
illicit adj. xusc,ab;/ ~ alcohol Rsaxusc,ab;
ill-will Tuqn bMNgGaRkk;
imbalance GtulPaB/ nantPaB
imaginary profit cMeNjRbDit
immaculate Ecs fI/ sat
immediate objective TisedAbnan;
immediate payment karTUTat;Pam
immediate supervisor GkemIlkarxus
RtUvpal;
immobilise (finance) eFVIGclkm
immoral GsIlFm
immovable (property) n. GclnRTB
immunity 1> PaBsuaM nwgCMgW
2> GPyksiTi/ diplomatic ~ GPyksiTi
karTUt
impact plb:HBal;
impartial minlMeGog
impartiality PaBminlMeGog/ GnaKti
impeccable \texaH
imperfection PaBmanexaH/ GnibuNPaB
impetus n. snHCMruj
implementation of a law karGnuvtn_c,ab;
implementing agency TIPak;garGnuvt
import karnaMcUl/ GahrN/ ~ duty Bn
naMcUl/ ~ permit GaCJabNnaMcUl/ ~ quota
kUtanaMcUl
bursemRKY
household equipment brikareKhkic
household survey GegtRKYsar
housing pHsak;enA/ karpl;pHsak;enA/
pHsMEbg xg;cMNay/ ~ loan kMcIsMrab;
sg;TijpH
human-capital investment vinieyaK
TunmnusS
humanism mnusSniym
humanitarian assistance CMnYymnusSFm
humanitarian relief
karsegaHEpkmnusSFm
humanity mnusSCati/ nrCati
husbanding of resources karKitKUr
sMcFnFan
hydropower construction sMNg;
varIGKisnI
hyperinflation GtiprNaelatepaH
hypothesis smtikm
I, i
idea KMnit
ideal ]tmKti
idealised condition lkxNsuRkitPaB
identification GtsBaaNkm/ ~ mission
ebskkm rksMKal;bMpusKMnit
identify v. EsVgrkemIl/ rksMKal;/ sMKal;
)antamPinPaK/
ideology menaKmn_viCa
49
importer GknaMcUl/ Gaharin

import-export GahrN-nIhrN/
inclusive Edlrab;bBal/ Cabriyabn

income cMNUl/ plTun/ bdilaP/ disposable
~ cMNUleRkaykat;Bn/ cMNUleRbI)anedayesrI/
private ~ cMNUleRkABIebovtSr_/ personal ~
cMNUlpal;xn/ ~ account KNnIcMNUl/
~ (collected) in advance cMNUl)anTTYlmun/
~ per capita cMNUlkgmnusSmak;/ ~ tax
BnelIR)ak;cMNUl/ ~ statement r)aykarN_
karnaMecj-naMcUl
imports TMnijnaMcUl/ vieTsPN
impose taxes eGaybg;Bn
impoundment karXat;cab;Tuk rfyn/ TUk>>>
impression cMNab;GarmN_
improvement karEklMG/ suvuDikm
impunity niTNPaB/ PaBrYceTas/ culture
of ~ vb,FmniTNPaB
impurity n. 1> PaBminsuT
2> GVIEdleFVI[minsuT ]> kkr
in good faith edayesaHRtg;
in post kgtMENg
inaccuracy PaBminRtwmRtUv
inaccurate adj. minRtwmRtUv
inactive adj. Gskm
inadequate minsmlm
inappropriate minsmRsb/ ~ aid CMnYy
minsmRsb
incapacity GsmtPaB/ physical/mental
~ kar)at;bg;smtPaBxag bBaakaysm,Ta
incentive eRKOgelIkTwkcit/ karelIkTwkcit/
investment ~ karelIkTwkcitvinieyaK
inception karkekIt
incertitude PaBminR)akd
incessant Edl\tQb;Qr
incidence n. karekItman/ ~ of tax bnkBn
cMnYnR)ak;BnRtUvFak;elIbuKlNamak;enAcugbBab;
incident ]b,tiehtu
incidental bnab;bnSM
inclusion karrab;bBal
cMNUl
income-generating activities
skmPaBbegItR)ak;cMNUl
income-outlay accounts
KNnIcMNUl-cMNay
incompatibility vismitPaB/ PaBmincuHsMrug
incompetence GsmtPaB
inconvenience plvi)ak
inconvertible currency rUbiyvtminGac
br ykrUbiyvtdT )an
incorporated cUlCaRkumhun/ )ancuHbBaI
CaRkumhun
incorporated company Rkumhun
CanItibuKleBjelj
increase v. & n. 1> ekIn 2> kMeNIn
incremental EdlekInCadMNak;
indebtedness PaBCMBak;bMNul
indefinite minCak;lak;/ KankMnt;
indemnify v. eFVIsMNg
indemnity 1> sMNg karxUcxatCMgWcit
2> R)ak;bMNac;
independent audit svnkmkraC
in-depth suICMerA/ ~ evaluation karvaytMl
suICMerA
50
index snsSn_
indexation kardak;snsSn_ ]> eGay
GtiprNa/ GtiprNakal
inflexibility PaBrwgkMRBws/ PaBminrs;revIk
inflict v. a penalty dak;eTasTN
]> cab;eGaybg;pakBiny
inflow lMhUrcUl
influential Edlman GnuPaB\TiBl
influx lMhUrKMhukcUl
informal sector visyminerobry/ visy
esdkiceRkARbBn
ebovtSr_ERbRbYleTAtamGtiprNa
indicator GaMgDIkaTr/ sUcnakr
indigenous people RbCaCnedIm
indirect tax BnRbeyal
individual ktCn/ buKl/ ~ insurance
karFanar:ab;rgbuKl
inducement eRKOgCMrujTwkcit
industrialisation ]sSahUbnIykm
industrious adj. ]sSah_Bayam
industry ]sSahkm/ rbr/ primary ~
]sSahkmvtFatuedIm/ secondary ~
]sSahkmEkc BIvtFatuedImeTAplitpl/
light ~ ]sSahkmFunRsal/ heavy ~
]sSahkmFunFn;/ extractive ~ ]sSahkm
nisSarNkm ]> ]sSahkmTajykEr:
inefficiency GRbsiTPaB
inequality vismPaB/ PaBminesIKa/
income ~ vismPaBnR)ak;cMNUl
infant mortality rate GRtamrNkumar
inference karsnidan
inflammable goods TMnijGacqabeqH
inflate bMe)a:g/ eFVIeGaymanGtiprNa/
inflated price fbMe):ag tMelIgx<s;eday
Kanehtupl
inflation GtiprNa/ ~ accounting KNeny
GtiprNa fRTBskmmanKitbBal
GtiprNa/ ~ factor ktaBRgIk/ ktaGtiprNa
inflationary gap KMlatGtiprNa
inflationary period ryeBlman
information and communication

technology (ICT) beckviTaBtman
nigTUrKmnaKmn_
information technology (IT)
beckviTaBtman
infrastructure ehdarcnasm<n
infringe v. RbRBwtxus/ elIs c,ab;/
kicsna>>> / infringement n.
inheritance mrtk GMBIGksab;
in-house adj. kgGgPaB/ ~ language
training karbNHbNalPasakgGgPaB
initial adj. dMbUg/ ~ capital mUlFndMbUg
sMrab;cab;epImGaCIvkm/ ~ price fdMbUg
initial outlay or initial capital outlay
esahuybegItshRKasdMbUg
initial v. cuHhtelxasegb/ initialisation n.
initiative KMnitpcepIm/ karpcepImKMnit
injunction (judge's order) GFibBaa
bBaarbs;ecARkm
injustice GyutiFm
in-kind contribution viPaKTanCavt
input n. FatucUl
51
inquiry karsaksYr Btman/ f>>/ letter

of ~ lixitsaksYrBtman
insensitivity 1> GevTyitPaB
insufficiency PaBminRKb;RKan;
insurance karFanar:ab;rg/ all risks ~
karFanar:ab;rghaniPyRKb;RbePT/ car ~
karFanar:ab;rgelIrfyn/ life ~ karFana
r:ab;rgelICIvit/ ~ agent Pak;garFanar:ab;rg/ ~
certificate viBaabnbRtFanar:ab;rg/
~ company RkumhunFanar:ab;rg/ ~ law
c,ab;sIBIkarFanar:ab;rg/ ~ policy bNsna
r:ab;rg/ ~ premium(s) buBVlaPFanar:ab;rg
insured n. GkRtUv)anFanar:ab;rg
insurer GkFanar:ab;rg
intake karRsUbcUl
intangible GrUbI/ ~ assets RTBGrUbI
integration smahrNkm/ karbBalKa/
~ of industry smahrNkm]sSahkm/
vertical ~ smahrNkmbBar
integrity PaBsatsM/ territorial ~
2> PaBmincab;GarmN_
insider trading karCYjdUrhuneday
Gkpkg EdldwgBtmansMgat;BIRkumhun
insolvency PaBminGacsgbMNul)an/ GsaFPaB
inspect v. eFVIGFikarkic/ RtYtBinit
inspection GFikarkic/ ~ fee kMresva
GFikarkic/ pre-shipment ~ GFikarkicTMnijmun
eBlpk/ ~ certificate viBaabnbRtGFikarkic
inspectorate RkumGFikarkic
installation zbnkm/ karerobcMtMelIg/
~ cost cMNaypMtMelIg
instalment R)ak;sgbNak;/ ~ system
RbBnTUTat;bNak;
instalment sales credit or instalment
plan buying karlk;Tij edayTUTat;sg
bUrNPaBEdndI
bNak;
intellectual property kmsiTibBaa

intelligible Edlyl;)an
intensification RbBlkm/ RbBlvb,km/
agricultural ~ RbBlvb,kmksikm
intensive Gtipl/ ~ agriculture ksikmGtipl
intention bMNg/ ectna
interaction Gnrkm
interactive Gnrskm
instalment shipment
karbBanTMnijCabeNIr
institutional finance hirBavtsabn
institutionalisation sabnUbnIykm
institutionalise eFVIsabnUbnIykm/ ksag
Casabn
instruction bTbBaa/ esckIENnaM
instrument briFan/ ]bkrN_/ negotiable
~ ]bkrN_TUTat;
instrument of accession lixitUbkrN_
inter-bank adj. GnrFnaKar/ ~ settlement

system RbBnTUTat;GnrFnaKar
inter-censal decade TsvtSr_cenaHCMerOn
interdependence karBwgEpkKaeTAvijeTAmk
interest 1> plRbeyaCn_ 2> karR)ak;/
cUlCaPaKI
instrument of ratification
lixitUbkrN_nkarpl;scabn
52
compound ~ karR)ak;smas, high/low ~

karR)ak; x<s;Tab/ simple ~ karR)ak;samBa/
~ due date fKitkarR)ak;/ ~ period
mUlniFirUbiyvtGnrCati
International Organisation for
Standardisation (ISO) GgkarGnrCati
kalKitkarR)ak;
xagsg;darUbnIykm
interest rate GRtakarR)ak;/ ~ for savings
internet GuinfWNit/ ~ -cafe salbMerIGuinfWNit

intersect v. (graph lines) kat;Ka
inter-sectoral Gnrvisy
interview v. & n. 1> sMPas/ eFVIsMPas
2> bTsMPasn_/ semi-structured ~
GRtakarR)ak;snSM
interference kareRCotERCk
integrate v. eFVIsmahrNkm/ dak;bBal/
~ed pest management (IPM)
bTsMPasn_Bak;kNalerobry eRbIbBaIsMnYr
mYyPaK nigsYrEfmmYyPaK
interviewee n. GkeqIysMPasn_
interviewer n. GksYrsMPasn_
intimidate v. bMPitbMPy
intra-cluster kgrgVg;kBaM
intrinsic sCnik
introduction esckIepIm
intuition GBnjaN
viFankarcMruHEfTaMdMNaM
interim sITI/ beNaHGasn
intermediary project KMeragGnrkarI
intermediate goods TMnijGnrkarI
intermediate output FatuecjGnrkarI/
plitplGnrkarI
intermediate technology beckviTa
fak;kNal
intermediation GnrkarIkm/ financial ~
GnrkarIkmhirBavt
intern n. (see trainee) kmsikSakarI
internal pkg/ ~ affairs kickarpkg/ ~
audit svnkmpkg/ ~ control karRtYt
Binitpkg/ ~ rate of return (IRR) GRta
TajcMNUlpkg/ ~ transfer bEgVrpkg
international GnrCati/ ~ standard sg;dar
GnrCati/ ~ bidding/tendering karedjf
CaGnrCati/ ~ relations TMnak;TMngGnrCati
inundated forest (see flooded forest)
RBlicTwk
invalidate v. cat;TukCaemaX
invaluable adj. kat;fmin)an
invasion karlukluy/ ~ of privacy
karrMelaPsiTiCakCn
inventory sareBIPN/ sk/ TMnij/ draw up
an ~ eFVIbBaIsareBIPN
inventory stock card bNsk
invest v. vinieyaK/ eFVIvinieyaK
investigate v. esuIbGegt
investment n. vinieyaK/ karbNak;Tun/
~ licence GaCJabNvinieyaK
International Air Transport

Association (IATA) smaKm
dwkCBanpvGakasGnrCati
International Monetary Fund (IMF)
53
investor vinieyaKin/ GkvinieyaK

invisible adj. emIlmineXIj/ ~ assets
J, j
RTBGrUbI
invoice vikybRt
involuntary Gectna/ \tbMNg
involvement kar cUlBak;BnBak;Bn
IOU (I owe you) lixitTTYlCMBak;
jettison TMlak;GIv:an;ecalxHedIm,IsMral
nava/ ynehaH
job kargar/ white-collar ~ or office ~
kargarkgkariyaly/ ~ description BiBN
nakagar/ ~ design KMeragkargar/ bg;kargar/
~ grading/ranking cMNat;fak;kargar/
~ holder Gkkan;kargar/ ~ lot TMnijcMruH
mYydMu eRcInGn; niglk;efak/ ~ rotation
karbrevnkargar/ ~ specialisation
keTskmkargar/ ~ title eQaHkargar
joblessness PaBGt;kargareFVI/ nikmPaB
joint (enterprise, committee) cMruH
joint (liability) karTTYlxusRtUv rYmKa/
~ and several liability karTTYlxusRtUv
rYmKanigerogxn
joint account KNnIrYm manmas;KNnIBI
2nak;eLIgeTA
xJMCMBak;Gk
irrecoverable Edl RbmUlmin)an Tarmin)an
irregular mineTogTat;/ minRbRktI
irregularities (mistakes) PaBminRbRktI
kMhus
irrelevant EdlminTak;Tg
irreversible adj. EdlminGacERbRkLas;)an
irrevocable adj. minGacbdiesF)an/
~ letter of credit sar\NTanminGac
bdiesF)an
irrigate v. eRsacRsB/ irrigation n.
issuance kare)aHpSay RkdasR)ak;
issue bank FnaKare)aHpSayRkdasR)ak;
issue v. (a licence) ecj GaCJabN/
currency issued rUbiyvte)aHpSay
issuing bank (for a letter of credit)
joint inter-ministerial committee
FnaKarebIksar\NTan
KNkmaFikarcMruHGnrRksYg
joint owner mas;kmsiTirYmKa
joint venture KMerag vinieyaKcMruH/
~ enterprise shRKassmasPaBesdkiccMruH
joint-stock bank FnaKarrYmPaKhun
IT (Information Technology)
beckviTaBtman
item 1> GIv:an;/ mux TMnij 2> xg;/ cancel
an ~ (accounting) bdiesFelxna/ enter
an ~ cuHelxna/ off-balance sheet items
xg;eRkAtaragtulkar
joint-stock company
(see public limited company)
saCIvkmRkumhunPaKhun
54
journal 1> Tinanub,vti KNeny

2> sarBtman
journal voucher bNTinanub,vti/
skIbRtcuHbBaI
journalising karcuHTinanub,vti
judgement 1> karvinicy
2> salRkm tulakar
judicial record lixitefaleTas tulakar
judicial reform kMENTMrg;RbBnyutiFm
judiciary GgecARkm
jump-start cab;epIm[)anqab;
junk n. rbs;Gt;RbeyaCn_/ rbs;eGtcay
juridical Ktiyuti EdlRsbtamc,ab; nig
rebobrbbn c,ab;tulakar
jurisdiction Ednsmtkic/ yutaFikar
just adj. RtwmRtUv/ yutiFm
justification of a project kareFVIyutikm
KMerag/ karbgajehtuplBItMrUvkareFVIKMerag
justified (expense...) cMNay>>> man
skIkm
justify eFVIyutikm
L, l
label sak sMrab;biTelIplitpl
labour Blkm kargar rWBlkr/ casual ~
BlkmGENt ryeBlkargarxI/ manual ~
htkm/ organised ~ BlkmcUlshCIB/
skilled ~ BlkmmanCMnaj/ ~ card bN
kargar/ ~ force kMlaMgBlkm/ ~ laws c,ab;
Blkm/ ~ productivity plitPaBnBlkm/
~ security snisuxBlkm/ ~ turnover
GRtabuKlikecj BIGgPaB/ ~ union or
trade union shCIB
labourer Blkr/ day ~ TinikCn/ Blkr
suIR)ak;f
labour-intensive adj. eRbIBlkmeRcIn/
GtiBlkm/ ~ industry ]sSahkmGtiBlkm
lack kgVH/ ~ of balance )at;tulPaB/
~ of confidence kgVHTMnukcit
lading n. karpkTMnij/ ~ port kMBg;EppkTMnij
laissez-passer lixitebIkpv
land dI/ dIFI/ ~ alienation kareprkmsiTidI/
~ conflict TMnas;dIFI/ ~ degradation karcuH
KuNPaBdI/ karxUcdI/ ~ dispute vivaTdIFI/ ~
encroachment karrMelaPykdI/ ~ grabbing
karTnanykdI/ ~ owner mas;dI/ ~ ownership
kmsiTidIFI/ ~ reform kMENTMrg;dIFI/ ~ survey
GegtdIFI/ zanKNit/ ~ restructuring
karEkERbdIFIeLIgvij/ ~ settlement dMeNaH
RsaydIFI/ ~ tenure karkan;kab;dI
K, k
key role tYnaTIKnwH

keynote address sunrkfaKnwH
kind, payment in karTUTat;Cavt
55
2> plitpllk;dac;CageK/ market ~

plitplRkumhun naMmuxeKelITIpSar
leading naMmuxeK/ ~ indicator GaMgDIkaTrnaMmux
eK Edlbgajninakar)anmunGaMDIkaTreTot
lease Ptisna/ karCYl edaymankicsna/
finance ~ PtisnahirBavt kgenHshRKas
RtUvkt;RtaRTBCYlBIeKkgtaragtulkar nig
eFVIrMls;va/ operating ~ PtisnaRbtibtikar
kgenHshRKasminRtUvkt;RtaRTBCYlBIeKkg
taragtulkareT
lease v. CYl/ ~ back CYlmkvij
land dispute settlement committee
KNkmaFikaredaHRsay)atuPaBdIFI
landless adj. KandI
landlessness PaBKandIFI
landlocked country RbeTsKanRcksmuRT
landlord mas; dIpH EdlCYl[eK
landscape eTsPaB/ protected ~
tMbn;eTsPaBkarBar
large-scale survey GegtRTg;RTayFM
latent minTan;Cak;Esg
launch n. kardak;ecjCaelIkdMbUgnUv
]> plitplelITIpSar
law c,ab;/ draft ~ esckIRBagc,ab;/ ~ of
contract c,ab;nkicsna
least developed countries (LDCs)
RbeTslUtlas;ticCageK
ledger (accounting) esovePAFM/
purchase ~ esovePAFMTij
legacy 1> GcyTanCaclnRTB
tammrtksasn_ 2> GcyTan ekr
legal tamc,ab;/ nItanukUl ~ capital edImTun
tamc,ab;/ ~ document ksartamc,ab;/
~ representative GktMNagtamc,ab;/
~ framework RkbxNc,ab;/ ~ decision
esckIsMerctamc,ab;/ ~ reserves FnbMrug
tamc,ab;
legal effect GanuPaBKtiyuti
legal entity/person nItibuKl
Law on Co-Statute of Civil Servants
c,ab;sIBI shlknikmnIraCkarsuIvil
Law on Financial Management
c,ab;sIBIhirBavtsMrab;karRKb;RKg
Law on Social Security
c,ab;sIBIrbbsnisuxsgm
lawful Rsbc,ab;
lawless EdlGt;c,ab; Kanc,ab;RKb;RKg rW
KankareKarBc,ab;
laws and regulations c,ab; nig
bTb,BatilixitbTdan
lawsuit erOgkI
lawyer Gkc,ab;/ emFavI
lay in stock v. bBalXaMg
lay off v. bBab;buKlik
lay out v. cay R)ak;
layout of letter TMrg;bg; sMbuRt
leader 1> GkdwknaM/ popular ~ emxl;
legal substance (French: nature

juridique) nItisarCati
legal tender rUbiymaRta/ R)ak;Edlc,ab;
TTYlsal;
legality PaBtamc,ab;/ nItanukUlPaB
legalise v. eFVIeGayeTAtamc,ab;/
56
eFVInItanukUlkm
legatee GcyTanlaPI GkTTYlsgmrtk
tamrymrtksasn_
legator GcyTayk
legislation c,ab;/ nItikm
legislative power 1> GMNacnItibBati sPa
2> GMNacbBati sabnepSgeTot dUcCa
RkumRbwkSaXMu
legislative structure rcnasm<nnItibBati
legislator GkeFVIc,ab;/ nItiBn
legislature 1> GgnItibBati GgkareFVIc,ab;
2> nItikal nsPa
legitimate eBjlkNRtwmRtUv/ eBjc,ab;/
FmanurUb
lend v. eGayxI
lender GkeGayxI/ ~ of last resort Gk[
xICacugeRkay
lending institution sabn \NTan [xIR)ak;
lessee Ptik/ GkCYl BIeK
lessor PtibtI/ GkCYleGay
let v. CYl pH/ kariyaly >>>
letter lixit/ covering ~ (or US: cover ~)
lixitGmksar/ ~ of attorney lixiteprsiTi/
~ of credit (L/C) lixit\NTan/ ~ of
exchange rUbiyaNti/ ~ of indemnity
lixitFanasg/ ~ of intent lixitbBaak;eKal
bMNg/ lixti Esgectna/ ~ of inquiry lixit
saksYrBtman/ ~ of non-conviction lixit
bBaak;faKaneTas
level kMrit/ multi-level eRcInkMrit/ ~ of
development kMritGPivDn_
lever Xas;
leverage KMnas;/ kareRbIkMcImankarR)ak;efr
eTArksuIedIm,I)ancMeNjelIsBIkarR)ak;
levy v. & n. 1> hUtBn 2> Bn
CaBiessBnbEnm
liabilities bMNul/ RTBGkm/ meet ones
liabilities sgbMNulrbs;xn
liability 1> bMNul 2> karTTYlxusRtUv/
~ insurance karFanar:ab;rgelIParTTYlxusRtUv
liable adj. for TTYlxusRtUv tamc,ab; cMeBaH
liaison TMnak;TMng/ sm<nkar/ ~ office
kariyalyTMnak;TMng
libel karsresrbrihaekr
liberal democracy and pluralism or
liberal multi-party democracy
lTiRbCaFibetyesrIBhubkS
liberal profession viCaCIvesrI
liberality or liberal gift sTaTan
liberalisation esrIPavUbnIykm/ ~ of
trade esrIPavUbnIykmBaNiCkm
Libor (London Interbank Offered Rate)
GRtakarR)ak;rvagFnaKarBaNiCenATIRkugLg
licence GaCJabN/ lixitGnuBaat
licensed manGaCJabN/ RbtiRsut/ ~ bank
FnaKarRbtiRsut
licensed technology beckviTaTijBIeK
licensee Gkkan;GaCJabN
licit adj. RtUvc,ab;
lien 1> R)atiePaKbMNul vtdak;FanabMNul
2> siTiXat;Tuk
life expectancy GayukalmFm/ Gayurs;
57
2> sac;R)ak;TMenr/ ~ ratio smaPaKsac;R)ak;TMenr

liquidity (banking) sac;R)ak;nigRTB
gaybrCasac;R)ak;/ total ~ rUbiyvtTUeTA (M2)
list bBaI/ ~ price felIbBaI kataLk/
listed company RkumhunEdlmansnwkhun
lk;-Tij enApSarhun
litigation bNwgvivaT/ karbwgpl;
livelihood CIvPaB/ karrkciBawmCIvit/
lively y:agskm/ ~ market TIpSarman
skmPaBrs;revIk
livestock stVciBawm ykpl
living 1> CIvPaB/ karrs;enA/ ~ standard
kMritCIvPaB/ cost of ~ cMnayRTRTg;karrs;enA
enAmFm
life or death issue bBaasab;rs;
life skill bMNinCIvit
life span Gayukal BIeBlekItdl;sab;
lifestyle rebobrs;enA
lifetime Gayukal/ mYyGayu
LIFO (last in, first out) lIhV cUleRkay
ecjmun
likelihood PaBTMng
limit n. & v. 1> RBMEdn/ ~ of liability
RBMEdnnkarTTYlxusRtUv/ 2> dak;kMritRBMEdn

limitation n. kardak;kMritRBMEdn
limited liability karTTYlxusRtUvmankMNt;/
~ company RkumhunTTYlxusRtUvmankMrit
limited partner GkcUlhunmankMrit
TTYlxusRtUvmankMrit
line (department) mnIr ExSbeNay
line item (budget) matika fvika
line of credit or credit linekMrit\NTan
link cMNgTak;Tg
linkage karcgPab;/ cMNgTak;Tg
liquid assets RTBbrykR)ak;)anrhs
liquid investments vinieyaKedaysac;R)ak;
liquidate v. CMrH/ TUTat; bMNul/ bBaI/
~ a debt TUTat;bMNulTaMgmUl
liquidation karrMlay Rkumhun/ karCMrHbBaI/
compulsory ~ karCMrHbBaICakatBVkic tam
karsMercrbs;tulakar/ voluntary ~ karCMrH
bBaeI daysR Kcit/ ~ report r)aykarN_CrM HbBaI
liquidator GkCMrHbBaI/ GkRtYtBinitkar
biTRkumhun
liquidity 1> snnIyPaB/ lTPaBsgbMNul
load factor, passenger (air travel)
GRtabMeBjekAGIGkdMeNIr tamynehaH
loading and unloading of goods
karpk nigkarerITMnij
loading capacity cMNuHpk
loading port EppkTMnij
loan kMcI/ \NeTy/ bMNul/ bridging ~
kMcIpas;pHfI enAeBlpHcas;lk;minTan;dac;/
soft ~ kMcIkarR)ak;Tab/ ~ at call kMcIKankal
kMNt; RtUvsgvijeBleKTar/ personal ~
kMcIpal;xn/ unsecured ~ kMcIKankarFana/
~ disbursed kMcI)anebIkpl;
loan service (interest payment) esvabMNul
lobby v. ekogKr/ eXasnabBaHbBal
local nmUldan/ kgRsuk/ ~ authority
GaCJaFrmUldan
location TItaMg
logging karkab;eQI/ illegal ~ karkab;eQI
xusc,ab;
58
logic tkviCa/ Lsuik

logistics PsPar/ karpt;pg;
logo rUbsBaa
long-life assets RTBGayukalEvg
long-term ryeBlEvg/ TIXkal/
~ liabilities bMNulryeBlEvg
loophole cenaHRbehag/ tax ~ cenaHRbehagn
magnitude TMhM
mail transfer kareprR)ak;tamRbsnIy_
mail, electronic sareGLicRtUnik/ GuIEml
main adj. cMbg
mainstream v. bRBaab
maintain v. accounting book
kan;kab;bBaIKNeny
maintenance karEfTaM/ ~ expenses/
costs cMNayEfTaM
major adj. cMbg/ sMxan;
majority PaKeRcIn/ sMelgPaKeRcIn e)aHeqat
mala fide seller Gklk;Edlmanl,ickl
minl
maladministration karRKb;RKgGsmtPaB
mal-development karGPivDn_xusTMng
malpractice rebobrbbminl/ kMhusqg
malthusianism nibulniym/ m:al;Tusniym
manage v. RKb;RKg/ cat;Ecg
management karRKb;RKg/ ~ control
karRtYtBinitkarRKb;RKg
manager GkRKb;RKg/ bNaFikar/ financial
~ GaNabk
managerial accounting KNenyRKb;RKg
managership PaBCaGkRKb;RKg
managing director naykRKb;RKg
mandate n. 1> siTiGMNac 2> GaNti
mandate v. 1> pl;siTiGMNac 2> tMrUv/ the
law mandates that... c,ab;tMrUvfa
mandatory adj. Edlxanmin)an
manifest nievTnbN/ bBaI GkdMeNIr TMnij
dwkCBan tamynehaH rW nava
Bn EdlGaceKecosvagminbg;BnedayRsbc,ab;
loose-leaf ledger esovePAFMsnwkdac;BIKa
loss kMhat/karxatbg;/ kar)at;bg;/ actual
total ~ kMhatsrubCak;Esg
lot n. Lt_/ fishing ~ Lt_ensaT
low-income group/households
RkumRKYsar manR)ak;cMNUlTab
lump-sum R)ak;bg;TaMgdul/ ~ payment
karTUTat;tamrebobem:Akar rW qaka
lump-sum tax Bnem:Akar
luxury RbNit/ ~ goods TMnijRbNit/
~ trade BaNiCkmvtRbNit
M, m
M1 (money) rUbiyvt
M2 (liquidity) rUbiyvtTUeTA
macro- m:aRkU
macroeconomic analysis
karviPaKm:aRkUesdkic
macroeconomic stability sirPaBm:aRkU
esdkic
macroeconomics m:aRkUesdkic
59
market n. TIpSar/ black ~ pSarggwt/

capital ~ TIpSarTun sMrab;vinieyaK/
~ capitalisation tMlRkumhunKittam
tMlTIpSarnsnwkhun/ closed ~ TIpSarbiT
lk;[EttMNagpac;mux/ open ~ TIpSarcMh
RKb;KaGacTijlk;)an ~ demand/need
tMrUvkarTIpSar/ ~ economy esdkicTIpSar/
~ failure braCynTIpSar/ ~ forces kMlaMg
TIpSar/ money/finance ~ TIpSarrUbiyvt
kMcIryeBlxI/ ~ practice TMlab;TIpSar/
~ price fenATIpSar/ ~ saturation titikm
kgpSar/ PaBEqteBjedayTMnijnTIpSar/ ~
segmentation karEbgEckTIpSar/ ~ value
man-made disaster mhnraybgedaymnusS

manner EbbbT
manual 1> htkm 2> esovePAk,n
manufacture kmnsal
manufactured goods TMnijkmnsal
manufacturing kmnsalkm/ karplit
y:ageRcInedayeRbIm:asuIn
margin Gb,har/ kMrit/ m:aCIn/ ~ of error
kMritelg/ ~ of lending kMriteGayxIR)ak;/ ~
of profit kMritR)ak;cMeNj
marginal benefit plcMeNjktabEnm
kgkarbegInmYyktaplitpl
marginal cost fedImktabEnm edIm,I
plitbEnmmYyktaplitplelIsEpnkar/
bnkcMNaym:ahSINal;
marginal project KMeragbnab;bnSM
tMlTIpSar tMlenAfenH/ tMlFanik/

~ share/penetration cMENkTIpSar
market v. lk;elITIpSar/ ~ a new product
lk;plitplfIelITIpSar
marketable Gaclk;y:aggay
marketing m:aXItTIg/ karbeBajlk;elITIpSar/
~ chain ExScgVak; m:aXITIgTIpSar
marginal propensity to consume
kMritTMenarnkareRbIR)as;bEnm
marginal propensity to save
kMritTMenarnkarsnSMbEnm
marginal revenue cMNUlktabEnm
BIkarlk;plitplbEnmmYykta
marginal utility plRbeyaCn_ktabEnm
marginalisation m:aCInUbnIykm/ karRcan
cUlsanPaBKansiTiGMNac
marginal-tax ratio smaPaKkMeNIn
cMNUlBneFobnwgkMeNInplTunCatisrub
marine xagsmuRT/ ~ concession Edn
sm,TanTwkRb/ ~ fisheries ensaTsmuRT/
~ insurance karFanar:ab;rgpvsmuRT
mark down v. bBaHf
mark up v. tMelIgf
market-regulated economy
esdkicTIpSarerobry/ esdkicniytTIpSar
mark-up Gb,har
marriage certificate sMbuRtGaBah_BiBah_
mass media RbBnpSBVpSay Btman
mass production karplitRTg;RTayFM
master adj. eKal/ em/ ~ budget fvikaem/
~ map EpnTIeKal/ ~ plan Epnkarbg;eKal/
~ sample KMrUtagem
masters degree fak;GnubNit
matching concept/convention
eKalkarN_nPaBsuIKa
60
material sMPar/ RkNat;

maternal mortality rate
cMNayEfTaMsuxPaB
medium mFm/ ~ grade KuNPaBmFm/
~ term loan kMcIryeBlmFm
meet CYb/ edaHRsay/ bMeBj lkxN/
~ a deficit bMeBjnPaB
meeting CMnYb/ karRbCMu/ RbCMumhaCn
GRtamrNmatuPaB
mature eBjvy/ cas;TMu/ ~ economy
esdkicrIkcMerIneBjelj
maturity bkPaB/ PaBeBjvy/ PaBcas;TMu/
kalvsan/ kalkMNt;/ date of ~ fdl;
kMNt; sg
maximisation GtibrmanIykm
mayor ecAhVayRkug
mean (statistics) mFm/ arithmetic ~
mFmnBVn/ geometric ~ mFmFrNImaRt
means meFa)ay/ ~ of production
meFa)ayplitkm
measurability PaBGacvas;)an
measure 1> TMhM/ rgVas; 2> viFankar/
economic ~ viFankaresdkic/ fiscal ~
viFankarsareBIBn
MEFP (Memorandum of Economic

and Financial Policy: for the IMF)
GnusSarNsIBIeKalneya)ayesdkicnighirBavt
MFN (Most Favoured Nation
clause) lkxNGnueRKaHbMputEpkBaNiCkm
membership smaCikPaB
memorandum CMnYysartI/ GnusSarN/
~ of association GnusSarNbegItRkumhun/
lknikRkumhun/ ~ of understanding
(MOU) GnusSarNRBmeRBog
mental ability smtPaBxagbBaa
mental job kargareRbIxYrk,al EdlRtUvriHKit
mercantile adj. nBaNiCkm/ ~ marine
measurement of profitability
kgnavaBaNiCkmrbs;RbeTsNamYy/
~ country RbeTs mancMNUledaykareFVI
BaNiCkm
mercantilism BaNiCkmniym
karvas;EvgPaBmancMeNj
mechanism 1> ynkar 2> esnaFikar
sabn
mechanisation ynkm/ yntUbnIykm
media or mass media RbBnpSBVpSay
mediation karsMruHsMrYl
mediator GksMruHsMrYl
medic n. GkevCsaRs
medical n evCsaRs/ ~ assistant
CMnYyevCsaRs
medical aid n. GkCMnYyevCsaRs
merchandising service establishment
RKwHsanesvakmTMnij
merchant BaNiCkr
merger karrMlaybBalKa nUvRkumhunBIr rW
eRcIn CaRkumhunmYy
merit kusl/ kuslkic/ KuNsm,ti
message sar
messenger narsar/ elxharI
medical care (expense)
61
method viFI
methodology viFIsaRs
micro biology mIRkUCIv
microcosm Gtisuxumelak
micro-credit mIRkU\NTan
microeconomics mIRkUesdkic
micro-finance mIRkUhirBavt
misappropriation of public funds vitikm
FnsaFarN/ karekgRbvBaRTBsm,tisaFarN
miscalculate v. KNnaxus
miscellaneous epSg/ KNnIcMNay{epSg}
misdemeanour bTmCwm
kMritTabCagbT]Rkid
mission ebskkm/ ~ letter lixitbBaa
ebskkm/ ~ statement esckIRbkasebskkm
misunderstanding karyl;RcLM/ karyl;xus
mixed economic entity GgPaBesdkiccMruH
middle class vNkNal rW vNKhbtI

middleman QjkNal/ KYkeC/ eCIgsar/
GnrkarI
mobilisation of private savings
migrant CncMNakRsuk/ nirRbevsn_
karekNRbmUlR)ak;snSMkCn
mobilise v. ekNRbmUl/ RbEmRbmUl
migrate v. from/to eFVIcMNakRsuk rW
cakRsuk BIeTA
migration cMNakRsuk/ BhiRbevsn_/
snrRbevsn_
milestone 1> eKal R)ab;cMgay
2> RBwtikarN_sMxan; kgdMeNIrkarvivtn_nGVImYy
milieu mCdan
military eyaFa/ eyaFin/ ~ region
eyaFPUmiPaK
modality of investment
EbbbTnkarvinieyaK
mode n. m:Ud/ rebob
model n. KMrU
moderate adj. & n. 1> lm ]> minefak
minf 2> mCnikCn
modernisation TMenIbPavUbnIykm/ TMenIbkm
modernise eFVITMenIbkm
modification karEkERb/ kMENERb
module m:UDIl
modus operandi EbbbTRbtibtikar
momentum snHeCOneTAmux/ kMlaMgrujRcan/
m:Um:g;
monetarism rUbiyvtniym
Millennium Development Goals

(MDGs) eKaledAGPivDn_shsSvtSr_
mineral concentrate Er:cMraj;
minicomputer kMBTrFuntUc
minimisation Gb,brmaPavUbnIykm/ tax ~
kareFVI[bnkBnfycuHTabbMput
minimise v. bnydl;kMritGb,brma
mining GaCIvkmEr:/ karykEr:
minor adj. & n. 1> tUctac/ bnab;bnSM
2> GnItiCn
minority PaKtic/ Gb,PaK
monetarisation of the deficit
rUbiyvtnIykmnnPaB
monetary adj. n rUbiyvtluy/ ~ policy
neya)ayrUbiyvt/ ~ overhang rUbiyvtelIs
tulPaB/ ~ confidence TMnukcitelIrUbiyvt/
62
~ stabilisation sirkmsirPavUnIykmrUbiyvt/
~ transaction RbtibtikarKitCa luyrUbiyvt
money rUbiyvt/ luy/ ~ (M1) rUbiyvt (M1),
~ (M2) rUbiyvtTUeTA (M2), quasi- ~ rUbiy
vtepSg/ ~ in circulation rUbiyvtcracr/
~ economy esdkicrUbiyvt/ ~ laundering
karlagluykxVk;/ ~ market TIpSarrUbiyvt
kMcIryeBl xI/ ~ supply karpt;pg;
rUbiyvtsac;R)ak;/ ~/funds at call rUbiyvt
eRBogBhuPaKI/ ~ aid/assistance CMnYyBhuPaKI

multinational BhuCati/ ~ corporation
RkumhunBhuCati
multiple-shop undertakings
RkumhunmansaxaeRcIn
multiplier emKuN
multi-purpose allocation
karlEcksMrab;eKaledAeRcIny:ag
multi-stage eRcIndMNak;/ ~ design
bg;eRcIndMNak;/ ~ frame eRKageRcIndMNak;/
~ sampling karykKMrUtageRcIndMNak;
mutation n. rUbvivtn_
mutatis mutandis EdlRtUvpas;brtam
karcaM)ac;
mutual eTAvijeTAmk/ ~ assistance
karCYyKaeTAvijeTAmk/ ~ insurance
karFanar:ab;rgeTAvijeTAmk/ ~ benefit
manplRbeyaCn_eTAvijeTAmk/
mutual fund sghFn
mutual societies sghsmaKm
mUlniFiEdlGacpl;eGay)anPam
moneylender \NTayk/ GkrksuIcgkarR)ak;
monitor v. XaMemIl ksarxHeRbIBaktamdan
monoculture kvb,km/ eFVIdMNaMmYymux
monopolise v. eFVIpac;mux
monopoly n. PaBpac;mux/ monopolistic adj.
monthly RbcaMEx/ ~ statement r)aykarN_
sMrg;KNnI RbcaMEx/ ~ returns cMNUlRbcaMEx
moral obligation katBVkicpvcit
morality sIlFm/ good ~ mansIlFml/
social ~ sIlFmsgm
morbidity PaBmanCMgWeFVIeGaysab;
mortgage niekb/ GuIb:UEtk/ vtbBaaMbMNul
mortgagee mas;bMNulGuIb:UEtk/ niekbKahk
mortgager/mortgagor kUnbMNulGuIb:UEtk
mutually supportive
CYyRTRTg;KaeTAvijeTAmk
most favoured nation (MFN) clause
N, n
lkxNGnueRKaHbMputEpkBaNiCkm
motion of censure jtibenas
motivate v. CMrujTwkcit/ bMpusTwkcit
movable (property) clnvt
multi-disciplinary team RkumBhuCMnaj
multilateral BhuPaKI/ ~ agreement kicRBm
nascent economy esdkickMBugcab;kMeNIt

nation RbCaCati/ sgmCati
national nCati/ ~ accounting KNeny
Cati/ ~ budget support ]btmBIfvikard
]> cMeBaHfvikaext/ ~ bank FnaKarCati/
63
~ debt bMNulCati xIedayrdaPi)al/

~ income plTunCati/ ~ Institute of
Statistics viCasanCatisiti/ ~ patrimony
ebtikPNCati/ ~ product plitplCati/
~ economic management karRKb;RKg
esdkicCati
nationality sBaati/ ~ of ships sBaatinava
nationalise v. eFVICatUbnIykm/ eFVICatikm
nationwide TUTaMgRbeTs
natural nFmCati/ ~ condition lkxN
FmCati/ ~ asset RTBsm,tiFmCati FnFan
FmCatiGVImYy/ ~ disaster eRKaHmhnray
FmCati/ ~ unemployment rate GRta
nikmPaBFmCati/ ~ resource FnFanFmCati/
~ loss kar)at;bg; kgedayFmCati
nature 1> FmCati 2> critlkN rbs;mnusS
near-liquid asset or near money
RTBCitdUcrUbiyvt RTBskmEdlGacbrCa
rUbiyvt)any:aggay
need tMrUvkar/ ~ for affiliation tMrUvkar
edIm,Icgsm<n
needs tMrUvkar caM)ac;CamUldan/
~ assessment study karvaytMlBItMrUvkar
negation GviCmankm
negative adj. GviCman/ ~ interest karR)ak;
GviCman GRtakarR)ak;TabCagGRtaGtiprNa
negligence kareFVsRbEhs/ gross ~
kareFVsRbEhsFn;Fr
negotiable adj. 1>Gaccrca)an/ ~ price
fGaccrca)an 2>GacCYjdUr)an/ ~ debt
instrument rUbiyaNti\NeTyGacCYjdUr)an/
~ documents ksarykTUTat;)an/
~ instrument ]bkrN_TUTat;
negotiate v. crca/ negotiation n.
neocolonialism GaNaniKmniymEbbfI
net suT/ sCtikr/ ~ exports karnaMecjsuT/
~ cost tMl suTsCtikr/ ~ foreign assets
RTBskmbreTssuT/ ~ foreign current
transfer (NFCT) kareprbreTscrnsuT/ ~
foreign factor income (NFFI) ktaplTun
breTssuT/ ~ income cMNUlsuT/ ~ indirect
taxes (NIT) BnRbeyalsuT/ ~ national
product plTunCatisuT/ ~ profit R)ak;cMenj
suT/ ~ present value (NPV) tMlbcb,n
suT/ ~ taxable income cMnUlCab;BnsuT/
~ worth mUlniFipal;suT/ tMlBitRTBskmsuT
RTBskmKittamtMlBitenATIpSar
ehIydkbMNulcrn
network bNaj
neutralisation GBaRkwtPavUbnIykm/
GBaRkwtkm
new international economic order
(NIEO) lMdab;esdkicGnrCatifI
newly fI/ ~ industrialised countries
(NICs) RbeTseFVI]sSahUbnIykmfI
newsletter RBwtibRtBtman
next of kin jatiCitCageK
NGO (non-government organisation)
GgkarminEmnrdaPi)al
nine years basic education
karGb;rMmUldanryeBl 9qaM
nobility vNGPiCn
nomenclature namvlI matika/ muxTMnij
nominal carwk/ ~ GNP plitplCatisrub
64
carwk/ ~ rate of interest GRtakarR)ak; carwk/

~ value tMlcarwk
nomination karEtgtaMg
nominee GkTTYlkarEtgtaMg/ ~ account
KNnIkan;kab;kgnambuKlmak;eTot
non-commercial bank FnaKarGBaNiC
non-resident GnivasnCn rW GnivasCn

non-returnable packing sMbkevcxb;
minRbmUlvij
non-tax features lkNminTak;TgnwgBndar
non-taxable adj. minCab;Bn/ ~ income
cMNUlminCab;Bn
non-agricultural or non-farm
employment kargarminEmnksikm
non-aligned movement clnamincUl
non-timber forest products (NTFPs)
bkSsm<n
non-government organisation
(NGO) GgkarminEmnrdaPi)al
non-household sector visyminTak;Tg
RbCaCnminEmnGkTIRkug
norm bTdan
normalisation RbRktIPaBkm/ bktikm/
niytkm
North, the (countries) ]trRbeTs
RbeTsGkman
notarial deed lixitviBaabnkm
notary public sarkarI
note sarxI/ lixit/ kMNt;sMKal;/ advice ~
lixitCUndMNwg/ bank/currency ~ Rkdas
R)ak;/ covering ~ lixitGm/ credit/debit ~
lixit\NTan\NBn/ delivery ~ lixit
RbKl;TMnij/ dispatch ~ lixitbBanTMnij/
promissory ~ bNCMBak;R)ak;/ bNsna
nwgRKYsar
noticeable change
non-negotiable instrument ]bkrN_
karERbRbYlKYr[kt;sMKal;
notification karCUndMNwg/ ~ procedure
nItiviFICUndMNwg
notifying bank FnaKarCUndMNwg
notion sBaaN
novation kicRBmeRBogeprkicsna
[PaKITI3
GnuplRBeQI
non-urban population
non-compliance karminRbtibtitam/ PaB
minRsbtam
non-concessional adj. minpl;sm,Tan
non-convertible currency
rUbiyvtminGacbr ykrUbiyvtdT )an

non-delivery karminRbKl;
non-discriminatory adj. minerIseGIg
non-durables TMnijminKg;yUr Gahar/
sarBtman>>>
non-food items TMnijminEmnGahar
minGacykeTATUTat;)an
non-payment karminTUTat;
non-performance karminGnuvtn_/
karKanlTpl
non-performing loan kMcIBi)akTar
non-refundable adj. EdlminbgVilsgvij
65
novelty adj. & n. PaBrbs; fIEbk

NPRS (National Poverty Reduction
Strategy) yuTsaRsCatikat;bnyPaBRkIRk
nuclear-family structures rcnasm<n
obsolete hYssmy
occupation 1> muxrbr 2> karkan;kab;
occupancy rate (hotel) GRtasak;enA
RKYsarsl BukmaynigkUn
null and void emaX
nullification emaXkm/ nullify v. eFVI[
eTACaemaX
nullity emaXPaB
numeracy karecHelx
numerator (fraction) PaKyk
nutrition GaharUbtm
occupational accident eRKaHfak;enA
sNaKar
eBlbMeBjkargar
occupier Gkkan;kab;
oceanography saKrsaRs
odd job kargarlitelac
odd number elxess
offence bTelIs/ eTaskm
offer 1> kareGayf/ cash ~ karsMubg;Ca
sac;R)ak; 2> karRbkaslk; kgfNamYy/
introductory ~ fTak;m:Uy cMeBaHplitpl
fI/ special ~ TMnijlk;efakBiess
offer and demand karpl;nigtMrUvkar
off-farm employment kargareRkAksidan
officer mnI
official pvkar/ ~ confirmation esckI
bBaak;Capvkar/ ~ rate GRtapvkar
Official Gazette raCkic esovePA
official n. mnIpvkar/ Gkpvkar
officialdom kariyaFibety
offload v. CMruHecj nUvGVImYyEdlxn
mincg;Tuk ]> snwkhunelIstMrUvkar
offset v. b:Hb:Uvvij/ kat;kgvij
offshore adj. eRkAeqr eRbgkat
O, o
obedience karsab;vaT
object to v. CMTas;/ RbqaMg
objection, have no Kankaryl;Tas;
objective n. & adj. 1> kmvt/ TisedA
2> stanumt/ EdlQrelIkarBitCak;Esg

objectivity kmvisyPaB
obligation katBVkic/ be under ~ man
katBVkic/ meet ones obligations sg
bMNulrbs;xn
obligatory CakatBVkic/ xanmin)an
observation 1> karsegt emIl
2> esckIsegt karkt;sMKal;
observe v. segt
observer GksegtkarN_
obsolescence PaBhYssmy
off-the-job training
karbNHbNaldac;BIkargar
ombudsman mnIesuIbGegtBIkartv:a
cMeBaHsabnrd bGgkarFM
66
operation Rbtibtikar/ insurance ~

RbtibtikarFanar:ab;rg
operational costs bnkcMNayRbtibtikar
operative system RbBnRbtibtikar
operator Rbtibtikr
opinion eyabl;/ mti/ ~ poll karsg;mti
opportunity kalanuvtiPaB/ kas
opportunity cost tMlkasRtUv)at;bg;/
tMlnkarlHbg;
opposition 1> karRbqaMg rW CMTas;
2> bkSRbqaMg
optical fiber cable ExSkabGubTic
optimal allocation karlEckRbesIrbMput
optimism suTidiniym
optimistic estimate kar)a:n;sansuTidi
optimise v. eFVIeGay)anRbesIr bMput
option CMerIs/ at your ~ tamCMerIsrbs;Gk/
share ~ siTiTijPaKhun kgfNamYyenA
eBlNamYy naGnaKt
omission 1> karxkxan min)aneFVI

2> karkat;ecj 3> GVIEdl min)aneFVI rW kat;ecj
omnibus adj. cMruHmux/ ~ agreement
kicRBmeRBogcMruHmux/ ~ bill of lading
GBatbRtrYm
on an equal footing edayesIPaBnigesIsiTi
on the path of reform elImaKankMENTMrg;
onerous adj. Gs;esahuyeRcIn
one-stop service esvaRckecjcUlEtmYy
ongoing activity skmPaBkMBug dMeNIrkar
RbRBwteTA
on-the-job training karbNHbNal
Pab;nwgkargar
open adj. cMh/ ~ economy esdkicebIk
cMh/ ~ account KNnIcMh kt;RtakarTij
eCOedayGkTijKandak;vtFana
open balance smtulmanelx minsUn
open cheque mUlb,TanbRtKanqUt bcMh
open credit \NTanKandak;vtFana
sMrab;GtifiCnlrbs;FnaKar
open market pSarcMh/ pSaresrI/
~ operations RbtibtikarelIpSarcMh
open policy eKalneya)ayebIkTUlay
oral agreement/contract
kicRBmeRBog kicsnapal;mat;
minEmnCalaylkN_GkSr
order 1> bBaa/ provincial/municipal ~
dIkaextRkug/ 2> lMdab; 3> sNab;Fab;/
public ~ sNab;Fab;saFarN
open the trade sector v.
ebIkTUlayvisyBaNiCkm
opening balance smtuledImRKa
order for payment (French: mandat

de dpense) GaNtiebIkR)ak;cMNay
order form/slip bNbBaaTij
order, purchase bNkar bBaaTij
ordinary share PaKhunsamBa
ordnance yuTPN/ unexploded ~
opening bank (for letters of credit)
FnaKarebIksar\NTan
operating budget fvikaRbtibtikar
operating costs/expenses bnkcMNay
RbtibtikarFmta
67
yuTPNminTan;pH
outlook TsSnvisy/ karRbemIlemIlGnaKt

output Fatuecj/ plitpl/ final ~
organic agriculture ksikmsrIrag

organic/organisational law
Fatuecj sMerccugeRkay
c,ab;erobcMGgkar
output tax or VAT (value added tax)
organisation chart Ggkarelx

organisational structure
GakrelItMlbEnm
outreach kareQagdl;/ karQandl;
outsource v. cuHkicsnaxageRkA
outstanding adj. enACMBak;/ ~ balance
smtulenACMBak;/ ~ cheque mUlb,TanbRt
minTan;sgR)ak;/ ~ loans kMcIenACMBak; ~
student sisSBUEk
rcnasm<ncat;taMg
Organisation for Economic
Cooperation and Development
(OECD) GgkarshRbtibtikaresdkic
nigGPivDn_
orientation kartMrg;Tis
oriented (orientated) tMrg;eTArk/ sMedA/
outstanding obligations (debt)
manninakareTArk
origin RbPBedIm/ edImkMeNIt/ bJsKl;/
certificate of ~ viBaabnbRtRbPBedIm TMnij/
country of ~ RbeTsRbPBedIm
origin, zero point Kl;GkS
original cost tMlenAeBlcUl
tMlsMPareBlTijcUl
original invoice vikybRtedIm
originating bank FnaKarebIksar\NTan
orthodox policy eKalneya)aysmamti
RsmtamkarCMenOmtiCaTUeTA
outcome lTpl
outdated, out-of-date hYssmy
outflow lMhUrecj
outgoing letters lixitecj
outgoings cMNay
outlays (financial) cMNay/ debt
amortisation ~ cMNayrMls;bMNul
outlet kEnglk;ecj
outward-looking country
bMNulhYskalbriecT
RbeTsebIkcMh eq<aHeTAxageRkA
overcapacity smtPaBelIs tMrUvkarplit
overcharge kMrykelIs elIskMritsmrm
overcontrol karRtYtBinithYs
overdraft 1> kardkR)ak;elIsR)ak;beBaI
2> \NTankMNt;/ \NTanelIssmtul
FnaKar
overdraft, to grant an
GnuBaat\NTanelIssmtul
overdue hYskalkMNt;sg/ ~ bill lixit
TarR)ak;hYskalkMNt;/ ~ loans R)ak;kMcI
hYskalkMNt;sg/ ~ payment karsgR)ak;
hYskalkMNt;sg
overfishing karensaTRtIhYsRbmaN
overheads or overhead expenses/costs
cMNay RbeyalTUeTA cMNayeTogTat; nig

sMxan; dUcCa QlpH/ TUrsB/ sMParkariyaly>>>
EdlminTak;Tgedaypal;nwgkarplit
68
overheated economy esdkicrt;ekAeBk
bBaIbBaak;karevcxb;TMnij
kMeNInskmPaBesdkicEdleFVI[mankMeNIn
GtiprNa
overlap RtYtKa/ KgKa
overlook emIlrMlg
overpopulation RbCaCneRcInhYs
overproduction briplitkm/ karplitelIs
overriding (in law) sMxan;CagGVIeTot
over-sampling karykKMrUtagelIs
overseas adj. enAbreTs/ ~ branches
saxaenAbreTs
oversight 1> karRbEhsePcPaMg
2> karemIlxusRtUvelI/ karTTYlbnk
overspending cMNayhYskMNt;
overstaffed EdlmanbuKlikeRcInhYs
overtime, work v. eFVIkarem:agbEnm
overview karBinitCaTUeTA/ TsSnrYm
overwhelming majority PaKeRcInelIslb;
owner mas;/ mas;kmsiTi/ kmsiTikr/ ~ of
the goods mas;TMnij
ownership kmsiTi/ PaBCamas;
packing, non-returnable
sMbkevcxb;minRmmUlykvij
pact ktikasBaa kicRBmeRBogCapvkar
paddy RsUv/ ~ husking karkinRsUv/
~ plots GMBkERs
paid holidays fQb;sMrakmanebovtSr_
paid-up capital mUlFn)anbg;CMrH
edImTunEdl)anbg;ehIy
panel of experts KNCMnajkar
panic karPyepIl/ GehtuPy/ financial ~
GehtuPyhirBavt
paper loss/profit cMeNjxat elIRkdas
RTB)ancuHekIntMlb:uEnminTan;)anlk;ecjeT
paper money luyRkdas/ RkdasR)ak;
paperwork kargarRkdassam
par value tMlcuHelIbN rW tMlcarwk
paradox brmti/ Rbtimti
paradoxically EdlRbTaMgRbeTIspkg
paramedic n. GkGmevCsaRs
paramedical adj. GmevCsaRs
parameter ):ar:aEm:Rt
pare the budget v. bnyfvikabnicmg
parent company Rkumhunem
park ]Tan/ national ~ ]TanCati
partiality n. PaBlMeGog kgkarCYyKaMRT
participant n. GkcUlrYm
participate v. cUlrYm
participation 1> karcUlrYm
2> PaKkm karbNak;Tun
P, p
package kBab;/ ~ budget kBab;fvika/
pay/salary ~ kBab;ebovtSr_ ebovtSr_ nig
R)ak;]btmepSg sMrab;kargarGVImYy ~ tour
kBab;ExSTsSnkic
packaging (accounting) sMbkevcxb;
packing list bBaIevcxb;
69
pay out v. TUTat;bg; R)ak;ecj

pay up v. TUTat;sgR)ak;CMBak;eK
payable adj. sg)an/ ~ to bearer
sgeGayGkkan;/ ~ to order sgtambBaa
payback period 1> ryeBlRtUvsgkMcIvij
participatory poverty assessment

(PPA) karvaytMlPaBRkIRkedaymankarcUlrYm
participatory rural appraisal (PRA)
karvaytMlCnbTedaymankarcUlrYm
partner dKU/ smaKt/ GkcUlhun
partnership 1> PaBCadKU 2> CMnYjhunKa
part-time work kargarmineBjem:ag
party (to the contract) PaKI nkicsna
pass the test (education) eFVIetsCab;
passbook esovePAR)ak;beBaI
passive adj. Gkm
passport lixitqgEdn
past-due debt bMNulhYs kalkMNt;
fkMNt;sg
patent RbkasnIybRt GnuBaateGayRbkb
GaCIvkm/ )a:tg;/ ~ licence bN):atg;
patrimony ebtikPN/ RTBsm,ti/
ekrmrtk EdlmanCab;tmkBIxagBuk
patron Gk]btm/ emekIy/ bri)al
pattern lMnaM/ KMrU/ trading ~ lMnaMeFVI
BaNiCkm/ ~ of rotation lMnaMvilpas;brKa
pawn v. bBaaM
pawnbroker kugsuI bBaaM
2> ryeBl RbmUlTun)anvijRsg;edIm

)ancMeNjesITundak;cuH
payee GkRtUv)anbg;R)ak;[
payer Gkbg;R)ak;[eK
paying bank FnaKarTUTat;
paying business GaCIvkmCMnYj Edl
pl;cMeNj
payment karTUTat;/ karbg;R)ak;/ karsgR)ak;/
~ by instalments karsgbNak; ]> tamEx/
~ credit \NTanTUTat;/ ~ currency rUbiyvt
TUTat;/ ~ in kind karTUTat;Cavt/ ~ systems
RbBnTUTat;/ ~ mechanism ynkarTUTat;/
~ warrant GaNtiebIkR)ak;
payoff n. R)ak;bg;pac;
payout n. 1> R)ak;TUTat;ecj 2> R)ak;bg;CYy
RkumhunNamYy ]> edayrdaPi)al
payroll bBaItarag ebovtSr_
peace building karksagsniPaB
pecuniary Tak;TgnwgR)ak;kas/ ~ motives
ehtuplxagluykak;
penalise v. Biny/ dak;eTas
penalty eTasTN/ eTasbBati/ karpakBiny
pending accounts KNnIBr rg;caM
karedaHRsay
pension esaFnnivtn_/ R)ak;ruWERtt/ ~ fund
mUlniFiesaFnnivtn_
pay as you earn (PAYE)
RbBnBnkat;TukelIR)ak;ebovtSr_
pay at sight sgR)ak;eBlbgajksar
pay back v. sgvij
pay n. ebovtSr_/ R)ak;kMr/ holidays with ~
fQb;sMrakmanebovtSr_/ leave without ~
karQb;sMrakKanebovtSr_
pay off v. 1> TUTat;bg; pac;
2> TUTat;R)ak;pac; nigbBab;kargarGkNamak;
70
pensioner GkTTYlesaFnnivtn_
per diem R)ak; cMNaytamf Kittam
perpetual inventory system
RbBnsareBIPNnirnn_
perpetuity nicPaB
person buKl/ physical/natural ~
rUbvnbuKl/ legal person/entity nItibuKl
personal pal;xn/ ~ consumption
kareRbIR)as;pal;xn/ ~ effects sMPar
eRbIR)as;pal;xn/ ~ loan kMcIpal;xn sMrab;
kareRbIR)as;kgRKYsar rW pal;xn minEmnsMrab;
GaCIvkmeT/ ~ property RTBpal;xn/
~ revenue R)ak;cMNUlbuKl/ ~ selling
kareXasnapSaylk;pal; nbuKlmak;/
~ income tax BnelIR)ak;cMNUlbuKl
cMnYnf nigtamFmtamanGRtaesIKasMrab;
buKlikRKb;kMrit
percentage PaKry
perception sBaaxn/ cMNab;GarmN_
performance TegVI/ karGnuvtn_/ lTpl/
~ standard sg;dar lTplRbtibti
performing EdldMeNIrkar/ ~ asset
RTBskmdMeNIrkar/ non ~ asset RTBskm
mindMeNIrkar
period ryeBl/ GMLgeBl/ RKa KNeny
periodic tamkalkMNt;/ eTogeBl/ samayik/
~ control system RbBnRtYtBinittamkal
kMNt;/ ~ order system RbBnbBaaTijeTogeBl
periodical n. kalikbRt TsSnavdI/
RBwtibRt>>>
periodically edayeTogeBl
periodicity samyikPaB
perishable adj. EdlgayxUcKuNPaB/
~ goods TMnijgayxUc
perishables n. TMnijgayxUc
perks (or perquisites) GtRbeyaCn_
bEnm pl;CabEnmelIebovtSr_
permanent Gciny_/ ~ establishment
RKwHsanGciny_/ RKwHsanCab;lab;/ ~ organ
GgkarGciny_
permit lixitGnuBaat/ Tidakar/ building ~
lixitGnuBaatsagsg;/ export/import ~
lixitGnuBaatnaMecjnaMcUl/ work ~ lixit
GnuBaateGayeFIVkar sMrab;CnbreTs
personal identification number

(see PIN)
personality 1> buKliklkN KYrkt;sMKal;
2> Gkl,Il,aj
personnel buKlik/ ~ benefits GtRbeyaCn_
pl;eGaybuKlik
perspective yfaTsSn_/ TsSnvisy
PERT (Programme Evaluation and
Review Techniques) beckeTsBinit
vaytMlKMerag rW kmviFI
pessimistic estimate kar)a:n;sanTuTidi
pesticides faMsMlab;stVcRg
petition jti
petroleum eRbgkat/ eRbg\nn/ ~ security
agreement kicRBmeRBogsIBI snisuxeRbg\nn
petty cash sac;R)ak;bnicbnc/ ~ custodian
Gkkan;hibR)ak; R)ak;tictYc/ ~ book esovePA
cMNaytUctac/ ~ fund ebLa/ mUlniFisMrab;
71
cMNaybnicbnc/ ~ voucher bNcMNayebLa

Ph.D. (degree) fak;bNit
phase n. dMNak;kal
Phillips curve ExSekaghVIlIB bgaj
TMnak;TMngrvagGRtaERbRbYlnR)ak;ebovtSr_
eTAnwgkMritnikmPaB
phone card sBbRt katTUrsB
physical rUbvn/ Cak;Esg/ ~ accounts
KNenyrUbFatu/ ~ environment brisan
rUbvn/ ~ factor ktarUbvn/ ~ infrastructure
ehdarcnasm<nrUbvn/ ~ investment vinieyaK
rUbvn CasMPar/ R)ak;kas>>/ ~ resources
FnFanrUbvn GaKar/ ]bkrN_>>
physical therapist GkBa)aledayclna
phytosanitary PUtKamGnamy
piece rate GRtatamktaplit
kMrKittambrimaNplit)an
pilot project KMeragsakl,g
planning Epnkarkm/ kareFVIEpnkar/
karksagEpnkar
plant n. 1> eragcRk 2> eRKOgm:asuIn
plantation cMkar/ rubber ~ cMkarekAsU
platform evTika/ kmviFIneya)ay rbs;
KNbkS
playback karcak;eLIgvij ExSGat;>>
pledge karsna/ R)ak;snaeGay
plenary session smyRbCMueBjGg
plot dILt_/ k,aldI
plough back v. vinieyaKbn nUvR)ak;cMeNj
pocket of poverty RcklkmanPaBRkIRk
polarisation, social PaB)ak;Ebksgm/
karRbmUlpMCa BIrRkummanKMnitpyKa
police record, copy of the
lixitefaleTas rbs;b:UlIs
policy brief segbsMrab;eKalneya)ay
policy formulation nimitkmkarksag
eKalneya)ay
policy framework RkbxNeKalneya)ay
policymaker GkksagGkkMNt;
eKalneya)ay
PIN (personal identification number)
elxsMKal;pal;xn/ elxGtsBaaNbuKl
pioneer industry ]sSahkmQanmux
pioneering work kargarQanmux
RtYsRtay
pisciculture karciBawmRtI/ mcvb,km
pittance R)ak;cMNUldscesIg
place kEng
plan n. Epnkar/ five-year ~ EpnkarR)aMqaM/
investment ~ EpnkarvinieyaK/ rolling ~
EpnkarrMkil
planned economy esdkicEpnkar
planner GkeFVIEpnkar/ EpnkarI
political platform (of a party)
kmviFIneya)ay rbs;KNbkS
poll n. kare)aHeqat
polling station kariyalye)aHeqat
pollutant n. sarFatubMBul
pollution karbMBul/ air ~ karbMBulxl;
polyculture kareFVIVdMNaMeRcInmux/ Bhuvb,km
population RbCaCn/ ~ growth rate GRta
kMeNInRbCaCn/ ~ policy eKalneya)ayRbCaCn
72
port of loading/shipment kMBg;EppkTMnij

portfolio investments vinieyaKCamUlbRt
pragmatic adj. EdlKitBIlTpl/ Edlmanpl

pre- mun/ buer/ pre-Angkor buerGgr/
pre-crisis munvibti/
pre-action controls karRtYtBinitmunskmPaB
precarious path KngeRKaHfak;
precedent n. krNIyutisaRs tulakar
preceding mun/ ~ year qaMmun qaMmunTI1
precious stones t,g f mantMl
preclude RcanecalCamun
pre-concession inventory
PaKhunTaMgGs;rbs;vinieyaKinNamak;
position 1> CMhr
2> tMENg/ vacant ~ tMENgTMenr
positive adj. viCman/ ~ balance of
payments CBaIgTUTat;viCman/ ~ cash flow
lMhUrsac;R)ak;viCman sac;R)ak;hUrcUlFMCag
sac;R)ak;ecj/ ~ interest karR)ak;viCman
GRtakarR)ak;x<s;CagGRtaGtiprNa
possession karkan;kab;/ ePaK
post CaeRkay/ ~ auditing svnkmCaeRkay
post a profit/loss RbkasCa saFarN
pvkar BI cMeNj rW kMhat
sareBIPNbuersm,Tan
precondition buerlkxN lkxNRtUv
bMeBjCamun
predictability n. PaBGacTsSn_Tay)an/
TsSlTPaB
predictable adj. GacTsSn_Tay)an
preemption siTiTijmuneK nUvsnwkhun
ecjpSayfIEfmeTot
pre-existing condition lkxNmantaMgBImun
pre-feasibility study karsikSamun
karsikSaBIPaBGaceFVI)an
preference cMNUlcit
preference share hunGnueRKaH EdlCa
erOy KansiTie)aHeqateT b:uEnTTYl)anPaK
laPmunhuneTot nigRtUvsgmunhunFmta kg
krNIrMlayRkumhun
preferential EdlmansiTi/ EdleKcUlcit
CagGVImYyeTot/ ~ creditor \NTayk
mansiTiTarbMNulmun/ ~ duty (tariff) GRta
BnKyGnueRKaHBiess Tab
pre-investment agency TIPak;garBinit
post an entry/item to the ledger
cuHelxnaeTAkgesovePAFM
post-action controls karRtYtBinit
eRkayskmPaB
post-date v. cuHkalbriecTGnaKt
potential n. & adj. 1> skanuBl
2> skanuPUt
potentiality skanuPaB
poverty PaBRkIRk/ TurKtPaB/ ~ reduction
karkat;bnyPaBRkIRk/ ~ line bnat;RkIRk
power GMNac/ siTiGMNac/ kMlaMg/ GanuPaB
power boat Lgbut GUbr
power grid/network bNajGKIsnI
power of attorney lixitRbKl;siTi
practice karGnuvtn_ Cak;EsgRbcaM/
professional ~ RbRBwtikmviCaCIv
practitioner GkGnuvt RbcaM
73
lTPaBmuneBlvinieyaK
prejudice 1> buervinicy 2> kareFVI[xUcxatdl;
preliminary adj. epImmux/ ~ discussion
karBiPakSaepImmux
premises GaKar nigdICitGaKar kmsiTikr
EtmYy
premium buBVlaP/ at a ~ Edllk;)anf
elIsFmta/ insurance ~ buBVlaPFanar:ab;rg
prepaid expense cMNaybg;mun
prepaid income cMNUlTTYlmun
prerequisite buBVlkxN
prescription bBatievCbBaa
present v. bgaj/ presenter Gkbgaj/
presentation bTbgaj
present value tMlbcb,n
press release RbkasBtman
prestige kitanuPaB/ PaBefIg/ ~ product
plitplRbNitfMefIg
presumption karsntCamun/ scFarN_/
~ of innocence scFarN_nnireTas
pre-tax profit cMeNjmunbg;Bn
prevalence eRbv:aLg;PaBCaTUeTA
price f/ agreed ~ fRBmeRBog/ all-in ~
fsBVRKb;/ bargain ~ or cut ~ fefakNas;/
list ~ felIbBaIkataLk/ ~ and salary
freeze karTb;f nigebovtSr_mineGayeLIg/
~ discrimination karerIseGIgkgkarkMNt;f/
~ list bBaIf/ closing/opening ~ feBl
ehobbiThagebIklk;/ cost ~ fedIm/
competitive ~ fRbkYtRbECg/ fair ~ f
yutiFm/ rock bottom ~ fefakbMput/ selling
~ flk;/ ~ fixing karXubXitkMNt;f
prices to suit all pockets fsmRsb

nwglTPaBTijrbs;RKb;Ka
pricing karkMNt;f/ ~ system RbBnkMNt;f
clearance ~ karkMNt;fedIm,IbeBajTMnij
primary bzm/ dMbUg/ ~ factor income kta
cMNUlbzm/ ~ factor of production kta
plitkmbzm/ ~ health care (PHC) karEfTaM
suxPaBbzm/ ~ needs tMrUvkarcaM)ac; CamUldan/
~ sampling unit (PSU) ktaykKMrUtag
dMbUg/ ~ selection CMerIsdMbUg/ ~ stratification
RsTab;nIykmdMbUg/ ~ -sampling frame
(PSF) eRKagykKMrUtagdMbUg
primary education karGb;rMkMritbzm
prime cost tMlplitpal; KanbUkcMnayTUeTA
principal (in power transfer) GaNtiTayk
principal accountant
KNenykredImExS RksYghirBavt
principal insurance company
RkumhunFanar:ab;rgedIm
principle of equality and mutual benefit
eKalkarN_esIPaBnigmanRbeyaCn_eTAvijeTAmk
prior adj. BImun/ ~ agreement
kicRBmeRBogBImun
prioritise v. eFVIGaTiPavUbnIykm
priority n. GaTiPaB/ have/take ~ over
manGaTiPaBelI
private company or privately owned
company RkumhunkCn
private income cMNUleRkABIebovtSr_
private investor vinieyaKinkCn
mnusSFmtaEdlmanR)ak;vinieyaK
private economic entity
74
GgPaBesdkickCn
privatisation kCnnIykm/ kCnPavUbnIykm
privilege 1> ksiTi GtRbeyaCn_Biess
2> buBVsiTi siTiBiess
pro forma invoice vikybRtbeNaHGasn
proactive skmRKb;RKg/ skmRbyuT
probability RbU)ablIet/ PvnIyPaB/
~ sampling karykKMrUtagedayRbU)ablIet
kicsnaEbgEckplitkm
productive adj. manplitPaB/ ~ assets
RTBskmmanplitPaB/ ~ ratio smaPaK
plitPaB
productivity plitPaB
profession n. viCaCIv/ medical ~ viCaCIv
xag eBT
professional nviCaCIv/ ~ fees esahuy
viCaCIv/ ~ secrecy karrkSasMgat;viCaCIv
profile n. TMrg;/ rUbPaBTUeTA ]> nRkumhun
cMeBaHsaFarNCn
profit cMeNj/ R)ak;cMeNj/ healthy ~
cMeNjeRcIn/ ~ margin GRtacMeNj/ Gb,har/
~ sharing karEbgEckR)ak;cMeNj
procedural law (French: code de

procdure) c,ab;nItiviFI
procedure nItiviFI
proceeds R)ak;cMNUl/ pl/ net ~ cMNUlsuT
process dMeNIrkar
processing karEkc/ RbRBwtkm/ karcat;Ecg
Tinny>>/ certificate of ~ viBaabnbRtbBaak;
profit and loss account or profit and

loss statement (US) KNnIcMeNjxat
BIkEngEkc
KNnIlTpl/ r)aykarN_cMNUlcMNay
profitability PaBmancMeNj
programme of action kmviFIskmPaB
progress vDnPaB/ PaBeCOnelOn/ CMenOn/
~ report r)aykarN_CMenOn/ ~ payment
karTUTat;tamdMNak;nCMenOnkargar/ in ~ kMBug
eCOnelOn
proclamation esckIRbkas/ karRbkas

procurement lTkm/ karpt;pg;/ ~ phase
dMNak;kalpt;pg;
producer plitkr/ ~ surplus plelIs)an
dl;plitkr
product plitpl/ ~ breadth cMnYnmuxplitpl/
~ cycle vdplitpl/ ~ depth Funplitpl
kgExSplitplnimYy/ ~ line/ range ExS
plitpl plitplRbhak;RbEhlKa 1ExS/
~ mix l,ayplitpl plitplTaMgGs;
Edldak;lk; rWplitedayshRKasNamYy
production plitkm/ ~ accounts KNnI
plitkm/ ~ cost cMNayplitkm/ ~ line
ExSsgVak;plitkm/ ~ system RbBnplitkm
progressive personal income tax
BnkMeNIntamfak;elIcMNUlbuKl
prohibition karhamXat;
prohibitive adj. 1> Edlx<s;hYslTPaB
f/ tMl 2> EdlhamXat; c,ab;
project KMerag/ ~ appraisal karvaytMl
KMerag/ ~ cycle vdnKMerag/ ~ formulation
karksagKMerag/ ~ justification yutikmKMerag/
production-sharing contract (PSC)
75
~ proposal sMeNIKMerag/ ~ implementation
prosecutor RBHraCGaCJa
prospect niTsSn_ karrMBwgTuk
prospecting licence GaCJabNsMrab;kar
karGnuvtn_KMerag/
projection karKn;KUrCamun
proliferation karrIksay cMnYn
rukrk eRbgkat/ Er:>>>
promise to pay (French: engagement de

dpense) karsnacMNay
promissory note bNCMBak;R)ak;/ bNsnasg
promotion 1> kartMelIgzan buKlik
2> karpSBVpSay lk;plitpl

3> karCMruj/ ~ of commercial interests
karCMrujplRbeyaCn_BaNiCkm
prospective buyer GkTijkgkarrMBwg

prospector Gkrukrk Er:>>>/ buersI
prospectus briyaybN
prosperity vibulPaB
protection kickar karBar/
environment(al) ~ kickarBarbrisan
protectionist measure
viFankarkarBarplitplkgRsuk
protocol 1> BiFIsar ksar
2> BiFIkar sMrab;BiFIepSg
protracted war sgamruaMr:
provision 1>esckIEcg/ bTb,Bati rWbBati
c,ab;/ final ~Gvsanb,Bati/ transitional
~ Gnrb,Bati 2> viFankareRtom 3> vtpt;pg;/
sMviFanvt
provision dealer, retail Gklk;raynUv
TMnijes,gGahar
provision reserve sMviFanFn
provisional invoice vikybRtbeNaHGasn
proxy 1> GkTTYlkareprsiTi/ GaNtiKahk
2> ksarsiTiRbTan/ lixiteprsiTi
3> siTiRbTan/ kareprsiTi
promotional strategy
yuTsaRspSBVpSay lk;plitpl
prompt adj. Pam/ ~ cash R)ak;bg;dl;d/
~ delivery karRbKl;Pam/ ~ payment
karTUTat;Pam
proof Pstag/ skIkm
propensity TMenar/ ]bnisSy
property RTB/ sm,ti/ RTBsm,ti/
kmsiTi/ dInigGaKar/ ~ insurance karFana
r:ab;rgRTBsm,ti/ ~ tax BnelIRTBsm,ti
kmsiTi
proportion n. smamaRt/ in ~ to
smamaRtnwg
proportional allocation
karlEcksmamaRt
proportional tax system RbBnBnsmamaRt
prudent monetary policy
proposal sMeNI/ project ~ sMeNIKMerag

proprietor, proprietress, n. mas;/ kmsiTikr
prosecution 1> bNwgsaFarN/ karbwgecaT
eKalneya)ayrUbiyvtRbugRbyt
prudential measure viFankarRbugRbyt
prudential rule viFanRbugRbyt
Rbkan; 2> Gykar PaKIedImecaTkgerOgRBhTN

76
public administration rd)alsaFarN

public n. & adj. 1>saFarNCn/ general
~ saFarNCn 2>saFarN/ ~ accounting/
accounts KNenysaFarN/ ~ company
or ~ limited company (PLC) Rkumhun
purposive sampling karykKMrUtagtam
eKaledA
Q, q
PaKhun/ saCIvkm manecjsnwkhunlk;[

saFarNCn/ ~ finance hirBavtsaFarN/
~ adminstrative establishment RKwHsan
rd)alsaFarN/ ~ entity GgPaBrd ~ order
sNab;Fab;saFarN/ ~ proclamation
esckIRbkasCasaFarN/ ~ sector visy
saFarN/ ~ utilities shRKaspt;pg;saFarN
pl;esvasMrab;plRbeyaCn_saFarNdUcCa
Twk/ GKIsnI/ ]sn/ TUrKmnaKmn_/ ~ works
saFarNkar
public relations TMnak;TMngsaFarN
publicise v. pSBVpSay c,ab;
public-spirited EdlKitRbeyaCn_saFarNCn
publish v. 1> e)aHBum<pSay
2> RbkaspSay/ RbkaspSayCasaFarN
purchase ledger esovePAFMTij
kt;RtakarTijcUl
purchase v. & n. 1> Tij/ ~ on credit
TijeCO 2> karTij
purchaser GkTij/ likely/prospective ~
GkTijEdleKrMBwg
purchasing power GMNacTij/ lTkmBl/
~ of the currency GMNacTijnrUbiyvt
purge visuTikm/ viercnkm/ karsMGitsMGag
purify v. cMraj;eGaysuT/ bnST/ eRcaHsMGat
purpose eKaledA
qualification KuNvuDi/ kMritCMnaj/
KuNsm,tixagCMnaj/ lkNsm,ti
qualified acceptance karTTYlRBm
edaymanlkxN
qualitative nKuNPaB/ ~ method
viFIsaRs viPaK tamEbbKuNPaB
quality shipped KuNPaB TMnij eBlpk
quality standard sg;darKuNPaB/
bmanIyKuNPaB
quantitative nbrimaN/ ~ method
viFIsaRs viPaKtamEbbbrimaN
quarrying GaCIvkmykf
quarter 1> RtImas/ 2> mYyPaKbYn/ 2nd ~
of 7th century mYyPaKbYnTI2nstvtSr_TI7
quarter-day fRbKl;R)ak;QlRbcaMRtImas
quarterly adj. & adv. RbcaMRtImas
quasi-money rUbiyvtepSg
quasi-public institution
sabnsaFarNRbhak;RbEhl
questionnaire bBaIsMnYr sMrab;sMPasn_
quick ratio smaPaKrhs
quintile bBaPaK siti
quorum kUr:um cMnYnmnusScaM)ac;sMrab;ebIkkarRbCMu
quota kUta/ fixing of ~ karkMNt;kUta/ ~
regime rbbkUta/ ~ sampling
karykKMrUtagtamkUta
77
spot ~ GRtabrR)ak;dl;d
rate f kta
ratification karpl;scabn/ scanumti
rating kareFVIcMNat;fak; tMlKuNsm,ti/
performance ~ kareFVIcMNat;fak;lTplkargar
ratio smaPaK/ Gnu)at/ ~ analysis
quotation fRbkas enATIpSar/ karRbkas

f/ share ~ karRbkasfsnwkhun/ keen ~
fTak;Taj KYreGaycg;Tij
quote v. & n. 1> kMNt;):an;san/ ~ in
local currency kMNt;fCarUbiyvtkgRsuk
2> fkMNt;
quoted company RkumhuncUlpSarhun
snwkhunmanlk;Tij enApSarhun
quoted price f)anRbkas
quotient n. plEck
karviPaKsmaPaK
rational smehtupl/ sniTanIy/
~ expectation karrMBwgsmehtupl
rationale sniTanPaB/ ehtupl
rationality sniTanPaB
rationalisation sniTankm/ kareFVI[rwtEt
manRbsiTPaB/ ~ of civil servants
sniTankmmnIraCkar
raw adj. eqA/ ~ data TinnyeqA minTan;
viPaK/ ~ materials vtFatuedIm
real Bit/ ~ GNP plitplCatisrubBit/
~ rate of interest GRtakarR)ak;Bit
real estate/property GclnRTB dI nig
b GaKar/ ~ agency TIPak;garGclnRTB
realism R)akdniym
reality n. tfPaB/ karBit
realisation smiTikm/ smiTipl
realise v. sMerc/ eFVIeGaysMerc
realty GclnRTB
reasonable smrm
reassess v. vaytMleLIgvij/
R, r
racism BUCsasn_niym
raise v. 1> tMelIg/ ~ taxes tMelIgBn
2> ekNRbmUl/ rGgas R)ak;

rally (price) eLIgfvij eRkayBI)ancuH
random cdn/ ~ check karRtYtemIl
cdn/ ~ sample KMrUtagcdn
randomisation cdnnIykm
range n. 1> RbeLaH/ price ~ RbeLaHf/ ~
of vision RbeLaH cMgay emIleXIj
2> cMnYnmux plitplRbePTNamYy
3> CYr PM
rank zan/ zannrski mnIraCkar
rank v. eFVIcMNat;fak; tamlMdab;
ransom R)ak;elaHxn
rate GRta/ exchange ~ GRtabrR)ak;/
closing ~ GRtabrR)ak;enAeBlbiT/ forward
~ GRtabrR)ak;mankalkMNt;/ ~ of interest
GRtakarR)ak;/ ~ of return GRtaTajcMNUl/
reassessment n.
rebate 1> karcuHf elI TMnijminRtUv)a:n;
karsgR)ak;munfkMNt;
2> kar bnycuH f [GtifiCnEdlTijeRcIn
3> karbgViltMl mYyqaMKitmgCakardwgKuN
78
~ expenditure cMNaymgehIymgeTot
recycling karEkceLIgvij
red soil dIRkhm
red tape kariyaFibety/ EbbbTniym
redeem v. 1> sgpac;/ ~ a debt sgbMNulpac;
dl;GtifiCn
receipt bgan;d/ lixitTTYl
receiver GkTTYl
recession, economic karFak;cuHesdkic
recidivism, case of krNIminragcal
recipient GkTTYl/ ~ country RbeTs
TTYl ]> CMnYy
reciprocity bdikar/ PaBmaneTAmanmk
recognise sal;/ TTYlsal;/ recognised
RbtiRsut
recommendation Gnusasn_/ mtipaMepJI
recompense v. & n. 1> sg karxUcxat/
2> sMNg
reconcile v. bnSI/ sMrbsMrYl/ pSHpSaeLIg
vij/ reconciliation n.
reconnaissance study karsikSaEsVgyl;
reconversion karpas;breLIgvij/ karerob
cMeLIgvij
record n. & v. 1> kMNt;Rta/ Rbvti/
tTKkm lTplx<s;bMput/ ~ profits
cMeNjx<s;bMputminFab;man 2> kt;Rta
recourse ])aRsy siTirbs;Gkkan;rUbiyaNti
kgkartamTarsMNgBIGkeFVIbidielx
recoverable (debt) EdlGacRbmUlvij)an
recovery 1> karykcUlvij R)ak;bgar
2> karRbmUlmkvij/ ~ of debts karRbmUl
R)ak;bMNulmkvij 3>karerIb esdkic
recreation (service) kMsan
rectangular strategy yuTsaRsctuekaN
rectification karEktMrUv
recurrent adj. mgehIymgeTot/
2> brlk; ykR)ak; ]>sBaabN

redemption n. karsgpac; bMNul
rediscount bunGbhar eFVIGbharmgeTot
redistribution karEbgEckeLIgvij
redress n. sMNg karxUcxat/ CMgWcit
reduction karkat;bny/ budget ~
karkat;bnyfvika
redundancy programme kmviFIbBab;
BlkredaykgVHkargar
redundant adj. EdleRcInelIstMrUvkar rW
KanRbeyaCn_
re-election kare)aHeqatsaCafI
reexportation karnaMecjbn/ bunnIhrNkm
referee GaCJakNal
reference book esovePA eyagRsavRCav
reference period RKaryeBl eKal
referral hospital mnIreBTbEgk
refinancing (loan) bunhirBab,Tan kMcI
reflect v. qHbBaaMg
reforestation kardaMRBeQIeLIgvij/ bunvnkar
reform n. & v. 1> kMENTMrg; 2> EkTMrg;
refund v. & n. 1> sgvij 2> R)ak;sgvij
refusal karbdiesF/ karRbEkk/ ~ of
acceptance karbdiesFkarTTYlRBm
regardless edayminKitdl;
regime rbb/ financial ~ rbbhirBavt
79
region tMbn;/ sub-~ GnutMbn;/ military ~

eyaFPUmiPaK/ military sub- ~ tMbn;Rbtibtikar
swkrg
regionalisation tMbn;PavUbnIykm
register n.&v. 1> bBaI 2> cuHbBa/I cuHbBak
I ar
registered capital mUlFn)ancuHbBaI Capvkar
reinvest v. 1> vinieyaKbn vinieyaKR)ak;

cMenjeTAkgGaCIvkmvij 2> vinieyaKeLIgvij
reject v. & n. 1> Rcanecal
2> vtRcanecal eRBaHminRtUvsg;dar
related Cab; Tak;TgTak;Tin
relation TMnak;TMng
relative adj. EdleFob/ ~ price feFob
relative advantage ]tmPaBeRbobeFob
relative majority vote sMelgPaKeRcIn
edayeFob )ansMelgeRcInCagebkCnmak;eTot
relative n. sac;jati/ jatiBn
relativity saebkPaB PaBmanTMnak;TMng/
rWLaTIvIet
release v. beBaj/ edaHElg/ bnr sMBaF
relevant adj. EdlBak;Bn/ ~ institution
sabnBak;Bn
relief n. CMnYy/ tax ~ karGnueRKaHBn/
~ assistance CMnYysegaHbnan;
relinquish bgVileGayvij/ e)aHbg;
remainder sMNl; GVIEdlenAsl;
reminder n. lixitrMlwk ]> [mkbg;Bn
remission of taxes karbgVilsgR)ak;Bn
Edl)anbg;elIs
remittance karepJIR)ak;ecj/ visCna/ kareprR)ak;
remote area tMbn;dac;Rsyal
registered letter/parcel
lixitkBab;beBaI GnusiTi
registered office (of a company)
TIcat;karcuHbBaICapvkar
registrar mnIcuHbBaI Gkkan;kab;bBaI
registration n. karcuHbBaI/ ~ certificate
viBaabnbRtcuHbBaI/ ~ number elxcuHbBaI
regressive tax system RbBnBnfycuH
fyGRtaenAeBlcMnUlekIneLIg
regular adj. eTogTat;/ ~ income
R)ak;cMNUleTogTat;
regularity PaBeTogTat;/ niytPaB
regularisation niytkm
regularly edayeTogTat;
regulate v. RKb;RKgeday bTbBaa
bTb,Batic,ab;
regulations bTbBaa lixitbTdan kg
ksarxH/ commune ~ dIkaXMu/ general ~
nItirYm/ internal ~ bTbBaapkg
regulator niytkr
rehabilitation karsareLIgvij/ nItism,Ta/
~ project KMerag nItism,TasareLIgvij/
~ of finances karsarhirBavteLIgvij
reimburse v. sgvij R)ak;Edl)ancMNay
reimbursement karsgvij
reinsurance kar Fanar:ab;rgbn
removal from a government office
dkecjBImuxtMENgGVImYykgrdaPi)al
remunerate v. p;l;laPkar
remuneration laPkar/ R)ak;kMr/ R)ak;Ex/
R)ak;Ql/ R)ak;bMNac;
renew v. a licence bnGaCJabN
renewable energy famBlkekIteLIgvij
80
rent v. & n. 1> CYl 2> R)ak;Ql sMxan;

elIGclnRTB
rental 1> R)ak;Ql GclnRTB nig
clnRTB 2> karCYl
renter GkCYlBIeK
reorganisation karerobcMeLIgvij
repatriation matuPUminivtn_
repayment n. karsgvij/ R)ak;sgvij/
~ schedule tarageBlsgR)ak;
repeat order karbBaaTijEfmeTot
nUvmuxTMnijdEdl
repercussion (of an incident) RbtiXat
replacement investment vinieyaKbnas;
replacement value tMlpas;ecj
pas;rbs;mYyedayrbs;mYyepSgeTot
replenish v. bMeBjeLIgvij
replicate eFVIcMlgtam/ eFVIsaCafI
tamlMnaMdUcKa
report r)aykarN_/ annual ~ r)aykarN_
RbcaMqaM/ market ~ r)aykarN_fTMnijenATIpSar
representative tMNag/ GktMNag/
authorized ~ GktMNagmansiTiRbTan
reproductive adj. nkarbnBUC/ ~ health
suxPaBbnBUC
repurchase karTijykvij
reputation ekreQaH/ kitinam/ good ~
kitisB
request v. & n. 1> esI 2> sMeNI
require v. tMrUv[ eFVIGVImYy/ required
reserves R)ak;bMrugtamkartMrUv ]/ kgc,ab;
requirement kartMrUv
resampling karykKMrUtagsaCafI
reschedule (a loan) eFVIkalviPaKfI
rescind v. a contract lubecalkicsna
rescue v. & n. 1> segaH 2> karsegaH
research v. & n. 1> RsavRCav 2> kar
RsavRCav/ ~ and development (R & D)
karRsavRCav nigGPivDn_
researcher GkRsavRCav/ associate ~
GkRsavRCavrg/ fellow ~ GkRsavRCav/
senior ~ GkRsavRCavCan;x<s;
reserve FnbMrug/ zbnIyPN/ ~ of value
FnbMrugmantm/ ~ ratio smaPaKFnbMrug/
~ requirement account KNnIFnbMrug
katBVkic/ ~ requirements kartMrUvFnbMrug/
~ tranche PaKFnbMrug
reserve fund mUlniFibMrug
reserve member (of a committee)
smaCikbMrug nKNkmaFikar
reserved bMrugTuk/ ~ forest RBbMrugTuk
reserve, Tonle Sap biosphere
zbnIyCIvmNlbwgTensab
residence nivasdan/ nivasndan
resident nivasCnnivasnCn/ Gksak;enA/
non- ~ GnivasCnGnivasnCn
resident representative tMNagRbcaMRbeTs
residual value tMlsMNl;
resignation karlaElgBItMENg
resolution n. 1> esckIsMerccit
nGgRbCMu/ 2> karedaHRsay/ conflict ~
karedaHRsayTMnas;
resort rmNIydan/ ~ site mNlkMsan/
81
kEngrmNIydan
resource FnFan/ ~ consumption
kareRbIR)as;FnFan
resource-rent tax (RRT) BnCYlFnFan
response bias lMeGogkgcMelIy
response rate GRtaeqIytb
responsibility karTTYlxusRtUv
responsible, to hold cab;eGayTTYlxusRtUv
responsiveness n. karPaB eqIytb
restoration n. karsarCYsCul[dUcedIm
restraining force kMlaMgbgak;
restrict v. dak;kMhit/ ~ credit dak;kMhit
elI\NTan
restriction n. kMhit/ kardak;kMhit/ trade ~
kMhitBaNiCkm
restructured loan kMcI)anerobcMeLIgvij
BnaeBlsg
resumption of exports karbnnaMecj
eLIgvij eRkay)anpakmYyry
retail outlet hagkEng lk;ray
retail, to sell lk;ray
retailer, retail dealer Gklk;ray
retail-trade business GaCIvkm
BaNiCkm lk;ray
retained earnings R)ak;cMeNjrkSaTuk
retained imports TMnijnaMcUlsMrab;eRbI
R)as; kgRsuk
retention of staff karrkSaTukbuKlik
kMueGayeKecjBIGgPaB
retiree nivtCn
retirement karcUlnivtn_
retirement pension esaFnnivtn_
retrenchment karkat;bny cMnay

retroactive Rbtiskm/ ~ effect \TiBl
Rbtiskm
retrospection karRkeLkemIleTAGtItkal
return 1> R)ak;cMNUl 2> lixitRbkas/ tax
~ lixitRbkassareBIBn/ nil ~ lixitRbkas
sareBIBnEdlKanbMNulBnRtUvbg;
return on investment ratio smaPaK
cMNUleFobnwgTunvinieyaK
return, rate of GRtaTajcMNUl
returnable pack(ag)ing sMbkevcxb;
RbmUlvijepJITuk
returned cheque mUlb,TanbRtbBanRtLb;
returns 1> TMnijbBanRtLb;
2> cMNUlBIvinieyaK
revaluation karvaytMleLIgvij
revealed comparative advantage
]tmPaBeRbobeFobBiniteXIj
revenue cMNUl/ R)ak;cMNUl/ ~ policy
eKalneya)ayxagcMNUl/ unearned ~
cMNUlTTYlmun
reverse an entry v. cuHbRBaaselxna/
eFVIRbtiRkanelxna
reversible EdlGacERbRkLas;)an
review karBiniteLIgvij/ ~ mission
ebskkmBiniteLIgvij/ for ~ and
decision/approval edIm,IBinit nigsMerc
revise v. EksMrYl/ revised plan Epnkar
EksMrYl
revocable letter of credit
sar\NTanGaclubvij)an
revoke a licence dkhUtGaCJabN mkvij
82
revolving fund Tunclt

reward n. & v. 1> rgVan; 2> pl;rgVan;
right n. & adj. 1> siTi 2> RtwmRtUv
right of first refusal siTibdiesFTImYy
right of way siTiqgkat; dIeK
right to the lease siTiPtisna
S, s
SAC (structural adjustment credit)
\NTankMENtMrUvrcnasm<n rbs;FnaKar
BiPBelak
safeguard v. KaMBar
safety suvtiPaB/ ~ net sMNaj;RbBnsuvtiPaB
salary ebovtSr_/ R)ak;Ex/ starting ~ ebovtSr_
cab;epImbMerIkar/ ~ index snsSn_ebovtSr_/
~ loan (receivable) kMcIelIebovtSr_
sale karlk;/ cash ~ karlk;ykCasac;R)ak;/
for ~ lk; sresrelIpakRbkas/ ~ invoice
vikybRtlk;/ ~ contract kicsnalk;/ ~ on
credit karlk;eCO/ ~ on instalment plan
karlk;eGaysgbNak;/ ~ or return epJIlk;
Gklk;rayTUTat;sgEtfTMnijlk;dac;
ehIybgVilTMnijenAsl;[Gklk;dMuvij/
~ proceeds/revenue cMNUlBIkarlk;
sales R)ak;lk;)an/ cMnYnTMnijlk;)an/
~ manager naykRKb;RKgkarlk;/ ~ mix
sareBIPNTMnijsMrab;lk;/ ~ promotion
karpSBVpSaylk;/ ~ returns TMnijlk;min
dac;bBanmkvij/ ~ tax BnelIcMNUllk;)an/
~ value tMllk;)an/ ~ volume cMnYn
ktalk; )an
salesman Gklk;/ tMNaglk;
salination or salinisation karERbCaRb
]> dIRb
salvage v. & n. 1> RbmUlvij 2> rbs;)an
siTinkicsnaCYl
riot n. & v. 1> kub,km 2> eFVIkub,km
rise v. & n. 1> ekIn 2> kMeNIn
risk haniPy/ PaBRbfuyRbfan/ eRKaHPy/
at owners ~ haniPyr:ab;rgedaymas;
TMnij/ ~ consideration karBicarNaBI
haniPy/ ~ taking karhanRbfuynwghaniPy/
aggregate credit ~ haniPy\NTansrub
rival n. KURbECg
road tax Bnpv
role play sMEdg tY
roll over v. (loan) pl;saeLIgvij kMcI
rough estimate kar)a:n;sanec,al
routine n. TMrg;kardEdl
row CYr/ CYrepk tarag
royalties sYy rW kMrsYysar/ R)ak;bg;f
QleFVIGaCIvkm/ R)ak;lk;sad
rule viFan/ ~ of law nItird
ruling esckIsMercCapvkar tulakar/
saldIka tulakarkMBUl
ruling prices fCak;Esg
run a factory RKb;RKg dMeNIrkareragcRk
running costs cMNay sMrab; dMeNIrkar
rush hour em:agmmajwk
83
BIkarRbmUl BI GKIPy/ navalic>>> 3> kar

segaH nava bTMnijpk
salvage/scrap value tMlRbmUl)anvij
eBlbeBajlk;rbs; rWeRKOgcRkcas;
sample n. KMrUtag/ ):an;/ take a ~ v. ykKMrU
tag/ ~ allocation karlEckKMrUtag/ ~ design
bg;KMrUtag/ ~ group RkumKMrUtag/ ~ overlap
karKgKMrUtag/ ~ implementation karRsg;
KMrUtag/ ~ selection kareRCIsKMrUtag/ ~ survey
GegtKMrUtag
sample v. ykKMrUtag/ sampled children
kumar RtUv)an ykCaKMrUtag
sampling karykKMrUtag/ ~ bias lMeGogyk
KMrUtag/ ~ domain tMbn;ykKMrUtag/ ~ error
elgykKMrUtag/ ~ efficiency RbsiTPaByk
KMrUtag/ ~ frame eRKagykKMrUtag/ ~ rate GRta
ykKMrUtag/ ~ variance v:arIy:g;ykKMrUtag
sanction TNkm/ kmvi)ak/ economic ~
TNkmesdkic
sanction, with your Edl)ankarGnuBaat
BIelakGk
sanctuary TICMrk/ fish ~ kEngGPirkSBUCRtI/
wildlife ~ EdnCMrkstVRB
saturate v. epak/ eFVItitikm
saver GksnSMR)ak;/ sniFikark
savings R)ak;snSM/ sBay/ ~ account
KNnI snSMsBay/ ~ bank FnaKar
snSMsBay/ ~ curve ExSekagR)ak;snSM/
~ bank book esovePAebLasMc
saw mill eragcRkGareQI
scale xat/ TMhM/ fak;/ maRtdan nEpnTI/
economies of ~ esdkicmaRtdan
scarcity PaBkMr/ tnuPaB

scenario esNarIy:U/ qak
schedular tax BnviPaKtamRbePTcMNUl
schedule, time tarageBl/ kalviPaK
scheme eRKagkar
scope visalPaB/ EdnGnuvt c,ab;/ TMhM
scrap product plitplkaksMNl;
scrap/salvage value tMlRbmUl)anvij
BIkarbeBajlk;plitplkaksMNl;
sea-damaged EdlxUcxatedaysarTwk
smuRT
seal n. & v. 1> Rta 2> e)aHRtabiT
]> kugtWenIr/ sealed tender karedjf
kgeRsamsMbuRtbiTCit
seaport kMBg;EpsmuRT
seasonal tamrdUv/ manlkNrdUvkal
seaworthiness lTPaBeFVIdMeNIrtamsmuRT
secondary bnab;bnSM/ ~ need tMrUvkar
bnab;bnSM/ ~ data TinnyRbPBTIBIr
secondary school salamFmsikSa/
higher ~ salamFmsikSaTutiyPUmi/ lower
~ salamFmsikSabzmPUmi
second-stage unit (SSU) ktadMNak;TIBIr
secretariat elxaFikardan
secretary elxaFikar/ ~ general
GKelxaFikar/ ~ of state rdelxaFikar
sector n. visy/ ~ -wide TUTaMgvisy
sectoral adj. tamvisy/ ~ level kMritvisy
secured mankarFana/ assets fully ~ RTB
skmmankarFanaeBjelj
securities mUlbRt/ ~ market pSarmUlbRt
84
security 1> snisux/ food ~ snisuxes,g
seller, best esovePAlk;dac;bMput

seller, quick TMnijlk;dac;qab; gaylk;;
selling karlk;/ ~ order bBaalk;/ ~ price
2> karFana 3> rbs;Fana R)atiePaK

4> GkFana
Security Council (UN) RkumRbwkSasnisux
Gsb
security, without edayKanvtFana
flk;
semi-autonomous Bak;kNalsVyt
semiconductor GgFatuBak;kNalcMlg
SEDP (Socio-Economic Development

Programme) EpnkarGPivDn_esdkic-sgmkic
seed n. RKab;BUC/ ~ capital Tun edImBUC
edIm,I[)anduHdal/ ~ money R)ak; edImBUC
seizure karrwbGUs
selection kareRCIs/ kareRCIserIs/ ~ error
elgkgkareRCIs/ ~ interval cenaHeRCIs/
tentative ~ kareRCIsbeNaHGasn
self-determination sVysMerc
self-employed people CnbMerIGaCIB[xng
self-financing sVyhirBab,Tan
self-help approach viFIsaRsCYyxng
self-managing sVyRKb;RKg
self-regulating mechanism ynkar
eGLicRtUnik
semi-finished product plitplBak;
kNalsMerc
send back v. epJIRtLb;vij
send for collection v. epJIeTARbmUlR)ak;
sender GkepJI
senior adj. fak;x<s;/ ~ minister
eTsrdmnI/ ~ officer mnIfak;x<s;
seniority GtItPaB/ promotion by ~
tMelIgfak;tamGtItPaB
sensitive issue bBaaresIb
sensitivity PaBresIb/ PaBqab;rMePIb/
PaBqab;ejac/ evTyitPaB/ ~ analysis
viPaKnevTyiTPaB
sensitise v. bMpuskarPJak;rlwk
series of reports kMrgr)aykarN_
servant GkbMerI/ civil ~ mnIraCkarsuIvil/
public ~ mnIraCkar
service esva/ esvakm/ ~ fees kMresva/
~ contract kicsnaesva/ ~ charge fesva
~ industry ]sSahkmesva
service v. a debt sgkarR)ak;
session smyRbCMu/ plenary ~ smyRbCMu
eBjGg
set n. sMrab; ]> kUnesamYysMrab;/ bNM
sVyEktMrUv
self-reinforcing system RbBnsVyBRgwg
self-reliance PaBmas;kar/ karBwgEpkelIxn g
self-sufficiency PaBGacpt;pg;xngRKb;
self-sustaining sVyRTRTg;
self-weighting sVyTMgn;/ ~ design
bg;sVyTMgn;/ ~ sample KMrUtagsVyTMgn;
sell lk;/ ~ at auction lk;edjf/ ~ at a
discount lk;cuHf/ ~ on credit lk;eCO/
~ up RbmUllk;eRkayeBlkSyFn/ ~ retail
lk;ray
85
]> bNMeKaledA
settlement dMeNaHRsay/ karTUTat;/ final ~
karTUTat;pac;/ ~ bank FnaKarTUTat;/
~ credit \NTanTUTat;
several (liability) dac;BIKa/ erogxn
karTTYlxusRtUvminrYmKa
short of, be v. xVHxat/ Gs;

short term ryeBlxI/ ~ payoff
plryeBlxI
shortage kgVH/ karRkxSt;/ ~ in weight
kgVHTMgn;
short-change v. Gab; R)ak; xVH
shortcoming kgVHxat
shortfall kgVH fvika/ cMnYnxVH
short-season rice RsUvRsal
show of hands n. kare)aHeqatedayelIkd
sick leave karQb;sMrakeBlQW
sick pay R)ak;]btmeBlQW
side effect plb:HBal;bnab;bnSM/ bcyrg
sight bill/draft rUbiyaNtibgaj bryk
R)ak;)anenAeBlbgaj
sight payment karsgR)ak;eBlbgajksar
sight deposit R)ak;beBaIGacebIk)antamsMeNI
edayBMucaM)ac;pl;dMNwgmun[FnaKar
signatory htelxI
significance sarsMxan;
silting (of waterways) karduHdI
silviculture rukvb,km
simple samBa/ ~ entry elxnasamBa
mancuHKNnIEt 1KU/ ~ interest karR)ak;
samBa KitelIEtR)ak;edIm
severance payment (or golden

handshake) R)ak;bMNac;eBlQb;eFVIkar/
R)ak;ebIkpac;
sex worker GkrksuIpvePT
share n. hun/ snwkhun/ ~ market pSarhun
share n. & v. 1> cMENk/ market ~ cMENk
TIpSar 2> EckrMElk/ ~ experiences Eck
rMElkbTBiesaFn_
shareholder Gkkan;PaKhun/ PaKTunik/
influential ~ PaKTunikman\TiBl
sharing PaKkm/ karEbgEck
shelter n. CMrk/ tax ~ CMrkecosBn
shipped bill of lading GBaatbNdwk
TMnijtamnava
shipped quality KuNPaBTMnijeBlpk
shipping agent Pak;garnavacr
shipping company Rkumhunnavacr
shipping note lixitbBanTMnij
shop around v. rkemIlTMnij f/
KuNPaB>>> edIm,ITij/ ERCTMnijemIl
shoplifting karlYc\v:an;kghag
shopping n. karedIrTijTMnij/ international
~ karBieRKaHfCaGnrCati
short bill rUbiyaNtikMNt;ryeBlxI
short delivery karRbKl;TMnijxVH
short notice, at CUndMNwgmunryeBlxI
simple random sampling
karykKMrUtagcdnsamBa
simple response variance
va:rIy:g;cMelIysamBa
simple unbiased estimate
kar)a:n;sansamBaminlMeGog
simplification n. kareFVIsamBakm/ ~ of
86
customs procedures kareFVIsamBakmnItiviFIKy

simplify n. eFVIeGaysamBa
simulation kareFVIRtab;tam
sine qua non condition
smuggler Gkrt;Bn
smuggling karrt;Bn
social nsgm/ sgmkic/ ~ cost bnksgm/
karxatbg;xagsgmkic/ ~ cost-benefit
analysis (SCBA) karviPaKcMnay nigplcM
enjxagsgmkic/ ~ impact plb:HBal;sgm/
~ insurance cost bnkcMNayFanar:ab;rgsgm/
~ justice yutiFmsgm/ ~ morality sIlFm
sgm/ ~ order sNab;Fab;sgm/ ~ product
plitplsgm/ ~ reintegration bunsmah
rNkmsgmkic/ ~ safety net RbBnsuvtiPaB
sgm/ ~ security/welfare (budget
expenditure) R)ak;viPaCn_sgm/ ~ security
snisuxsgm/ ~ security contribution
viPaKTansnisuxsgm/ ~ status zan kg
sgm/ ~ strictures bBatisgm/
socio-economic adj. esdkic-sgmkic/
~ policy eKalneya)ayesdkic-sgmkic/
~ survey Gegtesdkic-sgmkic
sociology sgmviTa
soft currency rUbiyvtexSay
lkxNxanmin)an
single entry (accounting)
rebobcuHbBaIkPaK
single indicator technique
beckeTsGaMgDIkaTreTal
single window RckecjcUlEtmYy
sinking fund mUlniFidak;snSMbMrug TwkR)ak;
dkmkrkSaTukedayELky:ageTogTat; sMrab;
edaHRsaytMrUvkarGVImYynaGnaKtdUcCasg
bMNulCaedIm
Sino-Khmer Exrkat;cin
site TIkEng
size TMhM
skill CMnaj/ life ~ bMNinCIvit
slogan Bakesak
slope of a curve/line cMeNatn ExSekag
bnat;
sloppy adj. xIxa/ ~ work kargarxIxa
slum n. sgat;RkIRkrexkrxak/ ~ -dwellers
Gkrs;enAkgsgat;RkIRk
slush fund hibexA begItedaysMgat;
small-scale xattUc
minGacbrykrUbiyvtdTeTot)an
soft goods TMnijvaynPN
soft loan kMcImankarR)ak;Tab TabCagGRta
enATIpSar/ kMcIKankarR)ak;
soft market TIpSarmankarpt;pg;eRcInCag
tMrUvkar
soft repayment terms lkxNsgGnueRKaH
software (computer) sUhVEvr
soil erosion kareRcaHdac;dI
sole agency TIPak;garpac;mux
SME (small and medium enterprise)
shRKasFuntUc nigmFm
smoking gun PstagekA
smooth adj. relag/ rlUn/ ~ operation
dMeNIrkarrlUn l
87
sole agent/representative tMNagpac;mux

sole distributor GkEbgEckpac;mux
sole proprietorship 1> kkmsiTi
specification yfaRbePT
specify v. bBaak;/ kMNt;/ specified
period kal kMNt;bBati
specimen KMrUbgaj/ bdirUb/ ~ signature
2> shRKaskbuKl
solicitor Gkc,ab; PaKeRcIn CYyBieRKaH
eyabl; nigerobcMksarxagc,ab;
solidarity n. samKIPaB
solvency saFnPaB/ lTPaBsgbMNul
solvent saFnIy EdlGacsgbMNul
sophisticated technology beckviTa
eCOnelOnnigsKsaj
sort v. erobtamlMdab;
sound adj. RtwmRtUv/ RbkbedayKtibNit
sound the market v. sabsg;TIpSar
South, the TkSiNRbeTsRbeTsRk
sovereign immunity GPyksiTird siTi
rbs;rdedIm,I)anrYcputBIkarbwgTarsMNgxUcxat
sovereign risk haniPyrdaPi)alminGac
sgR)ak;
sovereignty GFibetyPaB
spatial sampling karykKMrUtagtamkEng
KMrUhtelxa
speculation n. 1> karqk;kasekgcMeNj
kgkarTijlk;/ oil ~ karqk;kasekg
cMeNjkgeRbgkat
2> karvaysan/ pure ~ karvaysansuTsaF
spoilage n. 1> karxUcKuNPaB rbs;hUb
2> rbs;xUcKuNPaB
spoils CyPN/ vtrwbGUs)an
spot price fTijlk;dl;d TUTat; nig
RbKl;TMnijPam
spouse shBT
spread, spreading n. karrIkraldal
squeeze v. expenditure rwtt,itcMNay
stabilisation sirkmsirPavUbnIykm/
~ policy neya)aysirkm
stability, economic sirPaBesdkic
stable exchange rate GRtabrR)ak;man
sirPaB
staff buKlik
stage n. dMNak;/ dMNak;kal
special drawing rights (SDR)
siTidkBiess
special economic zone tMbn;esdkci Bei ss
special promotion zone (SPZ) tMbn;
stagflation (stagnation + inflation)
kars<wkRTwgmanGtiprNa
stagnation kars<wkRTwg/ GvDnPaB/
economic ~ kars<wkRTwgesdkic
stake PaKkm/ karcUlhun
stakeholder GkmanPaKhun/ GkBak;Bn
stamp duty BnEtm
standard sg;dar/ ~ cost tMlsg;dar/
GPivDn_Biess
speciality keTs/ rbs;Biess
specialisation keTsnIykm/ CMnajnIykm
specialised bank FnaKarkeTs
specific period of time rykMNt;
eBlCak;lak;
88
~ deviation KMlatsg;dar/ draft ~ sg;dar

RBag/ compulsory ~ sg;darbBaa/ gold ~
sg;darxat mas/ ~ of living or living
standard kMritCIvPaB/ up to ~ dl;kMrit
sg;dar ~ operating procedures nItiviFI
Rbtibtikarsg;dar
eKaledAecjdMeNIr
statistics siti
status sanPaB/ zan/ ~-inquiry agency
TIPak;garRsavRCavsanPaBRkumhun/ ~ quo
sanPaBCak;EsgkMBugman/ ~ symbol nimit
sBaasMKal;zan
statute lknik/ co-~ of civil servants
shlknikmnIraCkarsuIvil
statute of limitation GaCJayukal
steadily CaeTogTat;/ CaCMhan
steering committee KNkmaFikar
dwknaMkargarnayk
stem n. edIm cMENkeRkABIKl;Cab;bs nig
cugCab;swk/ cassava ~ edImdMLgeQI
]> sMrab;eFVIBUC
step (in a process) CMhan kgdMeNIrkar
GVImYy/ ~ by ~ mYyCMhanmg
stereotype n. pt;KMnit
stevedore kmkrkMBg;Ep
stevedoring karelIkdak;TMnijecjcUlk)a:l;
stewardship n. karEfTaMRKb;RKg
stiff price f x<s;x<s;eBk
stimulate v. CMruj/ bMpus
stipulate v. Ecg
stock n. snwkhun/ ~ exchange/market
pSarhun
stock n. sk/ sniFi/ TMnij/ opening ~
skedImRKa/ out of ~ Gs;BIsk/ ~ control
karRtYtBinitsk/ ~ in hand skkgd
mankghagXaMg/ ~ in trade skTMnij
sMrab;lk;/ ~ turnover (ratio) GRtabgVilsk
standard-conversion factor (SCF)
ktabMElgsg;dar
standardisation sg;darUbnIykm
stand-by adj. eRtom/ ~ agreement
kicRBmeRBogeRtom/ ~ credit \NTaneRtom
standing (bank) sg;DigsanPaB/ bank
of good ~ FnaKarmansg;Digl
standing order lixitbBaaGciny_ [
FnaKareprR)ak;y:ageTogTat;eTAKNnImYy
eTotrhUtdl;manbBaafI
standpoint, from the economic
tamTsSnesdkic
staple product plitplmUldan
start-up cost esahuycab;epIm
state enterprise or state-owned
enterprise shRKasrd
state general budget fvikaTUeTArbs;rd
State Treasury rtnaKarCati
statement esckIRbkas/ r)aykarN_/
financial ~ r)aykarN_hirBavt/ ~ of
account sMrg;r)aykarN_ KNnI/ ~ of
affairs bBaIsareBIPNeBlkSyFn/ ~ of
receipts and payments r)aykarN_cMNUl
cMNay/ monthly ~ r)aykarN_RbcaMEx
station of destination/origin sanIy
89
kgmYyqaM/ ~ lines muxTMnijkgXaMg

stock v. sk TMnijTuklk;
stock, natural fish skRtIFmCati
stockbroker KYkeChun
stockout n. Gs;BIsk PaB
stockpile v. & n. skeRcIn nUvGVImYy
sMrab;eRbIenAfeRkay
stocktaking kareFVIsareBIPN/ ~ sale
karlk;LayLgmuneBleFVIsareBIPN edIm,I[
RsLHXaMg
stopfiler (tax) Gkdak;RbkassareBIBn
min)anRKb;elIk
storage karsk Tukdak;GIv:an;kgXaMg
storekeeper/shopkeeper mas;hag
lkNCaRbBn
student stipends R)ak;bMNac;sMrab;nisSit
study tour TsSnkicsikSa
sub-class fak;rg
sub-classification cMNat;fak;rg
subcontract v. em:Akarbn/ cuHkicsnabn
subcontractor Gkem:Akarbn/ GkcuHkicsnabn
sub-decree GnuRkwt
subdivide v. Eckbn KNnI/ Rkum>>
subjective choice CMerIsGtenamt
sublet, sublease CYlbn
sub-national adj. fak;eRkamCati
subordinate entity GgPaB eRkamvaT
cMNuH
subpoena v. & n. 1> ekaHsakSI
tulakar/ 2> dIkaekaHsakSI
sub-product, forest GnuplRBeQI
subrogation ])aeTskm/ kardak;CMnYs
sub-sample KMrUtagrg
subscribed capital mUlFn)ancuHeQaH
straight-line depreciation method
viFIrMls;esIPaK
strategic needs tMrUvkarCayuTsaRs
strategist n. yuTsaRsviTU/ GkyuTsaRs
strategy yuTsaRs
stratification RsTab;nIykm
stratum RsTab;/ ~ mean mFmPaKnRsTab;
strike kUdkm
stringent twgruwg/ ~ measures viFankartwgruwg
strong market pSarxaMg TIpSarman
subscribing to securities
briviskmmUlbRt
subscription kar CavsMuCav/ ~ price fCav
subsectoral level kMritGnuvisy
subsidiary adj. rg/ ~ account KNnIrg/
~ ledger esovePAFMrg
subsidiary n. (company) buRtsm<n
Rkumhunemkan;kab;hunCag 50/ wholly
owned ~ saxa Rkumhunemkan;kab;hun
TaMgGs;
subsidise v. pl;]btmFn/ CYybMeBjxat
subsidy, subvention n. ]btmFn/
GkTijeRcIn
structural adjustment kMENtMrUvrcnasm<n/
~ loan kMcIsMrab;kMENtMrUvrcnasm<n
structural adjustment facility (SAF)
]bkrN_sMrYlsMrab;kMENtMrUvrcnasm<n
structure n. rcnasm<n/ ~ of banking
institutions rcnasm<nsabnFnaKar
structured experience bTBiesaFn_man
90
karpl;/ ~ and demand karpt;pg;nigtMrUvkar/

~ curve ExSekagkarpt;pg;
support v. & n. 1> KaMRT/ RTRTg;/ ~
service esvakmKaMRT 2> kar KaMRTRTRTg;
supporting document ksarGm
rd)al/ skIbRt KNeny
R)ak;bMeBjxat
subsistence agriculture ksikmCIvRBwti/
ksikmRKan;EtmYyrs;
subsistence production plitkmCIvRBwti/
karplitRKan;EtmYyrs;
substance sarFatu
substandard eRkamsg;dar
substantial adj. dMukMPYn/ ~ funding
karpl;fvikaCadMukMPYn
subtotal srubrg
succeeding stage dMNak;kalCabn
successor Gkbnevn
sue v. bwg
sum 1> TwkR)ak; 2> plbUk
summit snisITkMBUl
sundry account KNnIcMruH
supervise v. Binittamdan
supervision karBinittamdan/ GaNaBa)al/
Supreme Council of the Magistracy
]tmRkumRbwkSanGgecARkm
surcharge fykbEnm/ BnykbEnmelI
TMnijnaMcUl edIm,ICYyCMrujplitkmkgRsuk
surety n. 1> GkFana 2> rbs;Fana
surplus Gtierk/ pl elIselIstMrUvkar
surtax BnbEnm
survey n. & v. Gegt/ ~ area tMbn;Gegt/
~ data TinnyGegt/ ~ error elgGegt/
~ operation RbtibtikarGegt/ general ~
GegtTUeTA
survivability PaBGacrs;)an/ financial ~
PaBGacrs;)anxaghirBavt
survivor CnenArs;
suspend v. Br/ pak
suspense account KNnIrg;caM kt;RtaCa
beNaHGasnnUvTwkR)ak;EdlKNenykrmin
Tan;dwgfa RtUvkt;cUlKNnIc,as;las;NamYy
suspension kar Brpak
sustain v. RTRTg;/ self- ~ing sVyRTRTg;/
~ life RTRTg;CIvit
sustainability cIrPaB
sustainable adj. mancIrPaB/ ~ agriculture
ksikmmancIrPaB/ ~ development
karGPivDn_mancIrPaB
under financial ~ of the Ministry of

Economy and Finance eRkamGaNaBa)al
hirBavtnRksYgesdkic nighirBavt
supervisor GnurkS/ GkBinittamdan
supervisory authority GaCJaFrGaNaBa)al
supplementary crop dMNaMrYmpSM
supplemental budget fvika]bsm<n
RbtibtikarhirBavtnGgPaBrdEdlmanlkN
]sSahkm nigBaNiCkm EtBMuEmnCanItibuKl
supplementary bEnm/ ~ schedule
taragksar BtmanbEnm
supplier Gkpt;pg;
supply 1> sMParpt;pg; 2> karpt;pg;/
91
sympathy n. smancit CYyKaMRT>>>

symptom eraKsBa/ nimitehtu
synchronisation smkalkm
synergy famBlelIs)anBIkarpMKa
]> karbBalFnFanrksuICamYyKa edIm,I)an

cMeNjeRcInCagenAedayELkBIKa
synthetic products plitplsMeyaK
system of proportional representation
RbBnsmamaRt e)aHeqat
systematic CaRbBn/ CayfaRkm/ ~ factor
ktaCaRbBn/ ~ land registration karcuHbBaI
dIFICaRbBn/ ~-risk phenomenon )atuPUt
eRKaHfak;manlkNCaRbBn/ ~ sampling
karykKMrUtagCaRbBn
systematise RbBnnIykm
T, t
table tarag
tabulation karelIkCatarag
take into account ykmkKit/ rab;bBal
take stock v. eFVIsareBIPN
take up references v. RbmUlBtman
take v. legal action against bwgtam
pvtulakarcMeBaH/ GnuvtviFanc,ab;cMeBaH
take-home pay R)ak;cMNUleRkaykat;Bn/
ebovtSr_suT
takeover karcUlRtYtRta edayTijykCag
50nPaKhunrbs;Rkumhun/ take over v.
takings n. R)ak;TTYl)an BIkarlk;kg
ryeBlNamYy
tangible assets RTBskmrUbI/ RTBrUbI

target cMNucedA/ eKaledA/ Epnkar/ sales
targets Epnkarlk; tYelx ~ group
RkumeKaledA/ ~ market TIpSareKaledA
tariff 1> bBaIflk; 2> taragBnKy/ BnnaMcUl
task Parkic/ ~ -oriented epatelIParkic/
~ force Rkumkargar
taste cMNUlcit
tax Bn/ Bndar/ back ~ bMNulBnBIqaMmun/
emergency ~ BnvisamBa/ ~ accounting
KNenyBndar/ ~ avoidance karecosvagBn
edayc,ab;mancenaHRbehag/ ~ assessor
Pak;garkMNt;Bn/ ~ base mUldanykBn/
~ burden bnkBn/ ~ collection karRbmUlBn/
~ credit \NTanBn/ ~ collector GkRbmUl
Bn/ ~ evasion kareKcBn elIsc,ab;nigRtUv
maneTasTN/ ~ exempt EdlelIkElgBn/
~ exemption karelIkElgBn/ ~ holiday
ryeBlrYcBn/ vismBn/ ~ loophole cenaH
RbehagnBn/ ~ moments kashUtBn/ ~ on
profit BnelIR)ak;cMeNj/ ~ payment year
qaMbg;Bn/ ~ rate GRtaBn/ ~ rebate karbny
Bn/ ~ receipts/revenues cMNUlBn/ ~ relief
karbnrbnyBn/ ~ reduction karkat;bnyBn/
~ revenues efforts or ~ effort kMlaMgcMNUl
Bndar/ ~ treatment cMNat;karRbRBwtikm Bn/
~/taxation year qaMCab;Bn
tax v. hUtBn/ ykBn
taxable adj. 1> Cab;Bn/ ~ income cMNUl
Cab;Bn 2> EdlGachUtBn)an

taxpayer GkCab;Bn
technical assistance CMnYybeckeTs
92
GaCIvkm
terms lkxN/ easy ~ lkxNFUrRsal/
~ and conditions of a contract xwmsar
niglkxNnkicsna/ ~ of a contract
lkxNnkicsna/ ~ of payment lkxN
TUTat;/ ~ of reference lkxNeyag sMrab;
epgpat;/ lkxNkargar kicsnakargar/
~ of sale lkxNlk;
territorial integrity bUrNPaBEdndI
tertiary education ]tmsikSa
test n. & v. 1> ets 2> eFVIets
test the market v. sabsg;TIpSar
testament mrtksasn_
testimonial sMbuRtKaMRT eGaycUleFVIkar
textile vaynPN/ ~ industry ]sShkm
vaynPN
theory RTwsI
think-tank Rkumpl;KMnit
third party PaKITIbI/ ttiyCn
threshold n. kMritcab;ERbRbYl/ kaMQancUl
thrift plan EpnkarsnSMsMc
tied aid CMnYymancMNg
time eBl/ kal/ kalkMNt;/ ~ deposit
R)ak;beBaImankalkMNt;/ ~ dimension
TidPaBxageBlevla/ ~ draft rUbiyaNti
mankalkMNt;/ ~ frame RkbxNeBlevla/
~ limit for delivery kalkMNt;RbKl;TMnij/
~ policy bNsnaFanar:ab;rgmankalkMNt;/
~ segment kMNat;eBl/ ~ table tarageBl/
~ value tMltameBl/ ~ work kargarKit
em:ag TUTat;kMrtamcMnYnem:ag/ f
technical fix dMeNaHRsayRckecj
beckeTs
telegraphic address GasydanTUrKmn_
telegraphic transfer kareprR)ak;edayTUrKmn_
telex TUrBum<
teller ebLakr
temporary beNaHGasn/ ~ cover bNFana
r:ab;rgbeNaHGasn/ ~ unemployment
nikmkalik
tenancy n. 1> ryeBlCYl GclnRTB
2> siTikan;kab; GclnRTBCYl
tenant GkCYl dI/pH>>>/ Ptik/ ~ farmer
ksikrCYldIeK
tendency ninakar/ rising ~ ninakarekIneLIg
tender karedjf edIm,IeFVIkarpt;pg;
tender terms and conditions book
esovePAbnk sMrab;edjf
tenderer Gkedjf
tendering karedjf edaymandak;ksar
tMl):an;sanlMGit
tenure 1> ryeBlkan;kab;tMENg/ GaNti
2> siTikan;kab;tMENgRTBsm,ti
3> karkan;kab; dI/ pH
tenurial right siTikan;kab; dI/ pH
term GaNti/ryeBl/ long ~ ryeBlEvg/
TIXkal/ medium ~ ryeBlmFm/ short
~ ryeBlxI/ GcIrkal/~ in/of officeGaNti
term-deposit account KNnIbeBaIman
kalkMNt;
terminal contract kicsnamankalkMNt;
termination karbBab; kargar/ karbBab;
93
timely return (of a cheque...)
bgVilvijTan;eBl
tip TwkEt R)ak;[eRkA
title 1> cMNgeCIg 2> gar
title deed bNkmsiTi
title, land bNkmsiTidI
toll feRbIesva ]> eRbIpv/ s<an
tool ]bkrN_/ Rbdab;Rbdar
top-down paradigm KMrUBIelImkeRkam
total n. & v. srub/ grand ~ srubrYm/
subtotal srubrg
track record n. RbvtieCaKCy-braCy
tracking kartamdanemIl
trade BaNiCkm/ CMnYj/ GaCIB/ ~ agreement
kicRBmeRBogBaNiCkm/ ~ balance CBaIgBaNiC
km/ ~ barriersr)aMgBaNiCkm/ ~ deficit
nPaBBaNiCkm/ ~ discount/terms karcuH
fkgGaCIB eGayGkRbkbrbrdUcKa/ ~ name
eQaHBaNiCkm/ yIeha/ ~ reference TIsMGag
bBaak;xagGaCIB/ ~ representation tMNag
BaNiCkm/ ~ tariff taragBnKy
trade v. pas;brBaNiCkm/ eFVICMnYj
trademark sBaaBaNiCkm
trade-off karedaHdUr TMnijKa
trader Qj/ GkCMnYj/ BaNiCkr
trade union shCIB
trading karCYjdUr/ kareFVIBaNiCkm/
~ partner dKUBaNiCkm
trading capital TunbgVil
trading losses kMhateFVIGaCIvkm eBl
R)ak;cMNUl)anticCagR)ak;cMNayecj
94
traditional CaRbBNI/ ~ savings R)ak;

snSMtamTMlab;/ ~ way of life rebobrs;enA
CaRbBNI
traffic cracr/ ~ order sNab;Fab;cracr
trainee or intern (US) kmsikSakarI/
Gkhat;kar
training karbNHbNal/ on-the-job ~
karbNHbNalPab;nwgkargar/ off-the-job ~
karbNHbNaldac;BIkargar ]> enAmhaviTaly
transaction Rbtibtikar/ kickarCMnYj
transfer v. & n. 1> epr 2> karepr/ bEgVr/
kareprR)ak;/ Gnub,Tan (French: cession),
~ deed lixitepr/ ~ payments R)ak;eprTUTat;
~ pricing kardak;fedIm,IeprR)ak;
transferable adj. Gacepr)an/ ~ credit
\NTanGacepr)an
transferee n. Gnub,Tanik/ GkRtUv)aneK
epreGay
transferor n. Gkepr [eK
transformation (products...) karbMEbg
tranship or transship v. eprBIyan
mYyeTAyanmYyeTot edIm,Idwkbn/
transhipment n. karepr
transit qgkat;/ ~ account KNnIqgkat;/
~ goods TMnijqgkat;/ ~ passenger GkdMeNIr
qgkat;/ ~ licence GaCJabNsMrab;TMnijqgkat;
transitional adj. Gnrkal/ ~ economy
esdkicGnrkal/ ~ measures viFankar
Gnrkal/ ~ period ryeBlGnrkal
transmission karbBan sar
transnational corporation (TNC)
RkumhunrMlgCati
transparency n. tMlaPaB
transporter GkdwkCBan
trauma n. rbYs pvkay rW pvcit
travel agency TIPak;gareTscrN_/ TIPak;gar
RKb;RKgkarkSyFnEdlEtgtaMgedaytulakar
trustee ordinance bTbBaa RbtisiTiCn
Gksgkar
trusteeship PaBTTYlxusRtUv
Kmnakar
trusteeship council
travellers cheque mUlb,TanbRteTscrN_

travellers letter of credit sar\NTan
RkumRbwkSaPi)alRbtisiTiCn
trustworthy EdlKYreGayTukcit
eTscrN_
T account KNnIRbePTGkSr T
travelling salesman Gklk;clt
tuition class karsikSabg;f
treasurer n. hirBaik/ rtnakr
turning point cMNucbt; eBlEdlman
karpas;br
treasury rtnaKar/ ~ bill bNrtnaKar
rykalxICagmYyqaM/ ~ bond bNrtnaKar turnkey contract kicsnaesakgd
rykalEvg
turnover plrbr/ plGaCIvkm/ R)ak;cMNUl
treatment n. RbRBwtikm/ cMNat;kar/ karcat;Ecg
turnover rates of labour GRtaecjcUl
nBlkr
treaty snisBaa
treble v. ekInmYyCabI
two-track approach viFIedaHRsayBIrpv
trend ninakar/ market ~ ninakarTIpSar
two-way eTVTis/ BIrpv
trial balance taragtulPaB
typical CatYy:ag
trickle-down effect plb:HBal;snSwm/
plb:HBal;bnab;bnSM
trillion, one (US) mYylanlan
U, u
tripartite adj. RtIPaKI
trust fund mUlniFimrtk mUlniFiRKb;RKg
ultimate area unit (UAU)
edayRbtisiTiCnsMrab;GtKahk
ktatMbn;cugeRkay
trust fund facility (TFF)
ultimate goal eKaledAcugeRkay
]bkrN_sMrYlsMrab;mUlniFimrtk
ultimate sampling unit (USU)
trust letter lixiteCOTukcit
ktaykKMrUtagcugeRkay
trustee (one to whom a right has been
ultimatum n. sanvaT
unaccountable adj. 1>minGacBnl;)an
assigned by will, gift... French: ayant
2> KanKNenyPaB/ minTTYlxusRtUv
cause) RbtisiTiCn
trustee in bankruptcy shbdiPaK Gk
unaccounted for adj. )at;edayKankarBnl;
95
unaided edaykMlaMgpal;xn
unaltered Edl\tpas;br
unanswered EdlKancMelIy
unascertained goods TMnijRcbUkRcbl;
undermentioned manerobrab;dUcxageRkam
underproduction 1> karplitminRKb;tMrUvkar
2> karplitmineBjkMlaMg
underrate v. vaybenak
undersell v. 1> lk;efakCag KURbECg
2> lk;eRkamtMl edIm
undersigned, the GkcuHhtelxa
BIeRkam/ htelxI
understanding karyl;dwg/ karyl;Ka
eTAvijeTAmk/ snidPaB/ good ~ karyl;dwg
l/ memorandum of ~ GnusSarNRBmeRBog
underwrite v. 1> CYyFana 2> CYyr:ab;rg
underwriter GkFana
undisclosed income cMNUl\tRbkas/
cMNUllYclak;
undivided profits R)ak;cMeNjminEbgEck
undoubted eday\tsgSy
unearmarked fund mUlniFiKanlTuk
edayELk
unearned fees kMrminTan;rk)an
unemployed adj. & n. 1> Gt;kareFVI
2> GkGt;kareFVI/ nikmCn
unemployment PaBGt;kareFVI/ nikmPaB/
seasonal ~ nikmPaBtamrdUv/ temporary ~
nikmkalik/ ~ benefit R)ak;]btmcMeBaH
nikmPaB/ ~ rate GRtanikmPaB
unendorsed EdlKanbBaak;xagxg
minTan;EbgEcktamRbePT
unavailing efforts karRbwgERbgKan)anpl
unbalanced budget fvikaKantulPaB
mannPaB
unbanked cheque mUlb,TanbRtminTan;
dak;cUlKNnIFnaKar
unbiased \tlMeGog
uncalled capitalmUlFnminTan;ehA [bg;
uncashed cheque mUlb,TanbRtminTan;
ebIkykR)ak;
unclaimed EdlBMuRtUv)anTamTar
uncleared goods TMnijminTan;qgKy
uncontrollable expenses cMNayRKb;
RKgmin)an
uncrossed/open cheque mUlb,TanbRt
KanqUt
undated KancuHfEx/ ~ bond bNTTYl
sal;bMNulKankalkMNt;
undercoverage (insurance) karFana
r:ab;rgdNb;minsBV
undercut v. lk;efakCag
underdeveloped countries
RbeTsGn;fy/ RbeTsGnaPivDn_
underemployed 1> KankargareFVIeBj
elj/ ~ capital TuneRbImin)aneBjelj
2> GkKankargareFVIeBjelj
underlease (see sublease) CYlbn
undermanager bNaFikarrg
unequal wealth distribution
r)ayvismFn
unexpected fall karFak;cuH\trMBwgTuk
unexpended balance smtulminTan;cMNay
unexpired cost (accounting)
96
tMlkgbBaI/ tMlKNeny
unfair KansmFm/ minyutiFm
unfavourable minGMeNaypl/
~ conditions lkxNminGMeNaypl
unfilled order bNbBaaTijmin)anGnuvt
unfit for work EdleFVIkarminekIt
unforeseen adj. min)anRbemIleXIj/
\tRBagTuk cMNay
unfounded adj. KanmUldan
unification n. karbRgYbbRgYm/ kPavUbnIykm
unified rYmEtmYy/ ~ as one rYmKaCaFgmYy
uniformity lkNkPaB
unify v. bRgYbbRgYm
unilateral ketaPaKI
unincorporated mincUlCaRkumhun
unintentionally edayGectna
unionisation karcUlshCIB
unit 1> kta/ ~ of analysis ktaviPaK/
~ of account ktaKit/ ~ price/rate
fkta 2> GgPaB
united rYbrYmKa
unknown (factor, quantity...) GBaat
unlawful elIsc,ab;/ ~ means meFa)ay
elIsc,ab;
unlimited liability karTTYlxusRtUvKankMrit
unloading karerITMnij
unproductive assets RTBskmKan
plitPaB
unqualified acceptance karTTYlRBm
eday\tsMc
unquestionable KanGVIKYrql;
unrecorded adj. min)ankt;Rta
unregistered Edlmin)ancuHbBaI
unremunerative adj. Kan)anpl/
KancMeNj
unrestricted random sample
KMrUtagcdnKankMNt;
unsafe adj. KansuvtiPaB
unserviceable adj. minGaceRbIR)as;)an
unsettled adj. minnwgn FatuGakas/ min
Tan;edaHRsay vivaT/ minTan;sg bMNul
unskilled adj. KanCMnaj/ ~ labour
BlkmKanCMnaj
unstable adj. KansirPaB
unstratified sampling karykKMrUtag
KanRsTab;
unsuccessful adj. min)aneCaKCy
unsuitable adj. minsmRsb
untied aid CMnYy\tcMNg
up and down eLIgehIycuH
up to date (information) adj. Tan;eBl
update v. eFVIbcb,nPaB kgksarxH
eFVIcrnkar
upgrade v. tMelIg smtPaBKuNPaB/
eFVI[RbesIr
upheaval karvwkvr/ claclxaMg
upkeep (expenses) cMNayEfTaM
unmarketable, unmerchantable
Edllk; minecjmindac;
unpaid (cheque) mUlb,TanbRtminTUTat;
unpaid balance smtulminTan;TUTat;
unpaid capital TunminTan;)anbg;
97
upper credit tranche PaK\NTanxagelI

upward tendency ninakareLIg
urbanisation nKrUbnIykm/ Ministry of
Land Management, Urbanisation and
Construction RksYgerobcMEdndI
valuables n. vtmantMl
valuation ekaslvicy/ karkMNt;tMl
value added (VA) tMlbEnm
value added tax (VAT) GakrelItMl
bEnm Gtb
value date fKitkarR)ak;
value n. & v. 1> tMl 2> vaytMl
value, declared tMl)an Rbkas
raykarN_RbtievTn_
variable n. & adj. 1> Gefr 2> ERbRbYl
variance (statistics) v:arIy:g;
variation bMErbMrYl/ karERbRbYl
vault cash sac;R)ak;kgXaMg
vehicle yan/ motor ~ yanyn
velocity of circulation el,n n
cracr
velocity of money el,ncracrrUbiyvt
vendee GkTij
vendor Gklk;
nKrUbnIykm nigsMNg;
urgent bnan;/ ~ needs tMrUvkarbnan;
useful life (accounting) GayukaleRbI
R)as; nRTBskm
user costs bnkcMNaycMeBaHGkeRbIR)as;
kgkareRbIR)as;GVImYy dUcCa fl;>>>
usual supplier m:Uypt;pg;CaRbcaM
usurer RBwTikr GkykkarR)ak;x<s;hYsehtu
usury RBwTikm karykkarR)ak;x<s;hYsehtu
utensil Rbdab;RbdareRbIR)as;kgpH
BiesskgpH)ay
utilities karpt;pg;saFarN
utility company Rkumhunpt;pg;saFarN
Rkumhun Twk ePIg esvakmsMxan; sMrab;
saFarNCn
verbal (widely used in error for oral)

pal;mat;/ ~ agreement kicRBmeRBog
pal;mat;/ ~ warning karRBmanpal;mat;
verbally (used in error for orally)
V, v
edaypal;mat;
vertical bBar/ ~ programme kmviFIbBar
~ communication karR)aRsyTak;Tgtam
ExSbBar/ ~ integration smahrNkmbBar
Rkumhun/
vested interest plRbeyaCn_cak;bs
veteran (soldier) GtItyuTCn
viability PaBGacrs;)an
vibration rMjr
vacancy kEngeFIVkarTMenr
vaccine faMbgar
validate v. pl;suBlPaB/ bBaak;faBit
validity suBlPaB/ PaBmantMl/ rykal
mantMl
valorem (see ad valorem)
valuable goods TMnijmantMl
98
vicious circle n. Gnak;vilvg; Gt;Rckecj

vicious cycle n. Gnak;Cavd
video vIedGU
video CD suIDI vIedGU
view TsSn/ karyl;eXIj
village development committee
(VDC) KNkmkarGPivDn_PUmi
violate v. rMelaP c,ab;>>>
violence higSa/ GMeBIhigSa
virtue KuNFm
visible adj. GacemIleXIj/ ~ trade
voucher sMeNA/ bNtMNagR)ak;/ bNcMnay

vulnerability PaBgayrgeRKaH
W, w
wage ebovtSr_/ R)ak;kMr/ R)ak;Ql/ ~ rise
(US: raise) eLIgebovtSr_/ ~ and price
controls karRtYtBinitebovtSr_nigf/ ~
earner GkeFVIkarykebovtSr_/ Ptikar/ ~
freeze karbgkebovtSr_ mineGaycuHeLIg/
~ indexation kardak;snsSn_ebovtSr_
BaNiCkmrUbI
vision ckvisy
visual control karRtYtBinitedayeRbIEPk
vocation ]bnisSy/ to have a ~ for
man]bnisSykgkar>>>
vocational training karbNHbNal
viCaCIIv/ ~ center mCmNlbNHbNal
viCaCIv]bnisSy
void adj. emaX/ null and ~ emaX
volume of exports (or imports)
brimaNTMnijnaMecj rWnaMcUl
voluntary adj. edaysRKcit/ ~ restriction/
limitation kardak;kMritkMhit edaysRKcit
vote kare)aHeqat/ ~ of confidence kar
e)aHeqatTukcit/ kare)aHeqatsMEdgkarTukcit
vote-counting station
kariyalyrab;snwkeqat
voter registration station kariyaly
cuHeQaHGke)aHeqat
voting right siTie)aHeqat
99
pSarPab;nwgGRtakMeNIncMNayRTRTg;CIvPaB/
~ scale taragkaMebovtSr_/ ~ work
kargarsuIR)ak;kMr
waive v. lHbg;siTi ]> edIm,IeFVIkartva:/
~ tax eGayrYcBn
waiver n. 1> karlHbg;siTi/ karelIkElg
2> ksar lHbg;siTielIkElg
warehouse XaMg/ PNaKar
warehouseman qaMXaMg
warehousing karTukdak;TMnijkgXaMg
warning karRBman/ kardas;etOn
warrant 1> dIka 2> bNGnuBaat/ ~ of
attorney lixiteprsiTi
warrantee GkTTYl)ankarFana
warrantor GkFana
warranty karFana
war-risk insurance karFanar:ab;rg
haniPybgedaysgam
wastage karxHxay
waste kaksMNl;/ liquid ~ kaksMNl;rav/

solid ~ kaksMNl;rwg
watershed TICMral
waterways pvTwk
weak market pSarexSay minsUvmanGkTij
wear and tear karswkric
weighted average mFmPaKsmta
welfare state rdmanKitKUreRcInxagsgmkic/
suxevTn_RbeTs
well GNg/ drilled ~ GNgxYg/ ring ~
GNgdak;lU
wetlands dIesIm dITMnabmanTwkdk;edayGenI
white book esovePAs
white-collar worker nieyaCit/ buKlik
kariyaly
whole TaMgmUl/ TaMgGs;
wholesale karlk;dMu/ ~ price flk;dMu/
~ trade BaNiCkmlk;dMu
wholesaler Gklk;dMu
wildlife stVRB/ ~ sanctuary EdnCMrkstVRB
will 1> qn 2> mrtksasn_
wilful damage karxUcxatbgeLIgeday
ectna
windfall profit cMeNjPam\trMBwgTuk
winding up 1> karrMlay Rkumhun
2> karCMrHbBaI
winner GkQH/ CylaPI
withdraw v. dk/ dkxn/ ~ an order lubecal
karbBaaTij/ ~ money dkR)ak; BIKNnI
withholding tax Bnkat;Tuk/ ~ payable
Bnkat;TukRtUvbg;
100
work kargar/ GVIEdleFVI)an/ sad/ ~ in

progress (WIP) kMBugplit RTBkMBug
plit KWtMleFVI)anenAcugRKa
work out v. KNna
work v. eFVIkar/ ~ full time eFVIkareBj
em:ag/ ~ overtime eFVIkarem:agbEnm/
~ part time eFVIkarmineBjem:ag
work, art sadsil,
worker 1> Blkr 2> kmkr
workforce kMlaMgBlkm BlkrTMagGs;
kgkariyaly rW eragcRk
working capital TunbgVil/ Tunclt
working condition lkxNkargar
working day feFVIkar
working group Rkumkargar
working paper ksarBiPakSa
r)aykarN_sikSaRsavRCavBIerOgGVImYy
workman kmkr
work-related illness CMgWbNalBIkargar
workshop 1> eragCag/ 2> sikasala/
vKGnuvt
writ dIkabgab; tulakar
write down v. kt;RtabBaHtMlRTBskm
kgbBaIKNeny
write v. off a debt lubbMNul ecjBIbBaI
write-back (of provisions...)
karykvijnUv sMviFanFn>>> kgKNeny

written, in writing CalaylkN_GkSr
Y, y
yardstick xat
year (fiscal, financial...) qaM/ kariybriecT
sareBIBn/ hirBavt>>>
year on year qaMelIqaM/ BImYyqaMeTAmYyqaM/
~ change bMErbMrYlqaMelIqaM bMErbMrYleFob
nwgeBldUcKanqaMmun
yield Tinpl
young people RbCaCnvyekg/ RsTab;yuvvy
Z, z
zero population growth (ZPG)
kMeNInRbCaCnkMritsUn
zone tMbn;/ hSn/ core ~ tMbn;sl/ buffer
~ tMbn;RTnab;/ inter ~ GnrtMbn;
zoning karEbgEcktMbn;
101

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sTanuRkmesdkic

PaKTI 2 Exr - Gg;eKs

viTasanbNHbNal nig RsavRCavedIm,IGPivDn_km<Ca

PMeBj/ tula 2006

Cambodia Development Resource Institute

(855-23) 881-384/881-701/881-916/883-603  (855-23) 880-734

Editing: Publishing Team

does not yet have a specific translation in Khmer. Wherever possible a

PaK2 snanuRkm Exr-Gg;eKs PaKenHKWCaksarcgRkgfITaMgRsug edIm,IeqIytbnwg

PMeBj/ Extula qaM2006

Economic Lexicon Part 1

abuse of trust karrMelaPesckITukcit

accept (a bill of exchange) TTYlRBm

abandonment of a trade (occupation)

accept deposit v. TTYl R)ak;beBaIR)ak;

2> lTPaBpv eTAdl;

Economic Lexicon Part 1

account holder mas;KNnI

accrued (interest/rent...) income

cMNUl karR)ak; )anKitbEnm

acknowledge receipt (of a cheque...)

cMNay karR)ak; )anKitbEnm

Economic Lexicon Part 1

additional profit tax (APT)

adjusting entries (accounting)

advertising campaign yuTnakarpSay

adjustment kMENtMrUv/ ~ account KNnI

advice, debit/credit Rbkas \NBn

admissible evidence PstagRbevsnI/

Economic Lexicon Part 1

~ coordination mechanism ynkar

after-tax income cMNUleRkaykat;Bn

Binti lTPaB muneBlvinei yaK

Agriculture Forestry and Fisheries

RksYgksikm rukaRbmaj; nigensaT

Economic Lexicon Part 1

alteration karEk BakelxbBaI

analysis, discounted cash flow (DCF)

to the rank of administrative agent

annual RbcaMqaM/ ~ budget KMeragfvikaRbcaMqaM

Economic Lexicon Part 1

appreciation 1> kareLIg ftMl

area, free trade tMbn;BaNiCkmesrI

Economic Lexicon Part 1

RTBGrUbI/ financial ~ RTBhirBavt

attorney 1> GaNtiKahk GkTTYlGaNti

associated company (see affiliated

2> PaBR)akdkgcit KankarsgSy

Economic Lexicon Part 1

siTRi bTan/ GaCJanukarI tMNagmankarGnuBaat

automatic drawing right

Economic Lexicon Part 1

bailment karepJITuk dak;TMnij[GkepSg

bank-credit guarantee scheme

Economic Lexicon Part 1

BCC (business cooperation contract)

Economic Lexicon Part 1

bill of entry RbtievTn_Ky lixitRbkas

board of directors RkumRbwkSaPi)al

board of inquiry KNkmkaresuIbGegt

bill of lading (B/L) GBatbN rW

GBatbRt/ lixitpkTMnijnava/ bNdwkCBan

(855-23) 881-384/881-701/881-916/883-603 (855-23) 880-734