This energy represents the minimum energy required for deformation without frict

ion,
redundant deformation etc.
In reality, deformations happen with friction at workpiece-tool interface. Furth
er, there
is in- homogeneous deformation due to friction. Such inhomogeneous defo
rmation
leads to additional shear deformation. This is called redundant deforma
tion because
shearing is not a part of the desirable shape change of the material. Work is in
volved in
shearing material. This work is known as redundant work.