Termotehnic.

Anex

131

ANEXA 1
Tabel 1 Uniti de msur pentru presiune i valoarea lor echivalent n [Pa]
bar

kgf

kgf
m

cm

2 (at)

torr

mmH2O

ft H2O

(psi)

Pa

2
m

105

9,81

98100

133,32

3,34.10-4

9,81

1,45.10-4

unde semnificaia notaiilor este:

psi- pounds/inch2
ft H2O-picioare coloan de ap

Tabel 2 Uniti de msur pentru energie i valoarea lor echivalent n [J]

kgf m

cal (calorie )

kWh

9,81

4,18

3,6.106

Tabel 3.Proprieti fizice i constante caracteristice unor gaze, la presiunea de 1

atm i temperatura de 20oC
Gaz

Densitatea,

kg

Constanta
gazului, R

Exponentul
adiabatic, k
-

Vscozitatea
dinamic,
*10-5

kg

Cldura
specific
izobar, cp

kg K

Aer

1,205

287,13

1,402

1,8

1004

Oxigen

1,332

260

1,397

2,02

910

Hidrogen

0,0838

4126

1,406

0,89

14028,4

Azot

1,165

297

1,401

1,78

1039,5

Heliu

0,1664

2077

1,667

1,97

5192,5

Dioxid de

1,839

189

1,297

1,48

831,6

1,165

297

1,402

1039,5

Argon

1,662

208

1,67

2,23

520

Xenon

5,459

633

1,667

2,28

ms

kg K

carbon
Monoxid de
carbon

Termotehnic. Anex

132

Tabel 4 Cldura specific medie pentru substane uzuale

Substana

Cldura specific [ kJ

Alcool etilic

2,47

Aluminiu

0,88

Cupru

0,39

Oel

0,63

Mercur

0,14

Platin

0,13

Ap

4019

Ulei

1,97

Abur (101,3kPa)

2,02

Ghea

2,05

kg K

Tabel 5 Coeficienii de conductivitate termic pentru materiale uzuale

Material

Coeficientul de conductivitate termic,

mK

Cupru

399

Aluminiu

237

Fier turnat

52

Oel carbon

43

Oel cu 10% Ni

19

Oel inox

14,4

Mercur

7,9

Vat mineral

0,07

Vat de sticl

0,06

Ap

0.61

Aer

0.026

Termotehnic.Anex

133

Tabel 6 Presiunea de saturaie a vaporilor de ap din aerul umed, n funcie de

temperatur

ps
[mbar]
4,368
5,172
6,108
7,054
8,129
9,346

t
[ C]
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
o

t
[ C]
8
10
12
14
16
18
o

ps
[mbar]
10,721
12,271
14,015
15,974
18,169
23,37

t
[ C]
20
22
24
26
28
30
o

ps
[mbar]
23,37
26,42
29,82
33,6
37,78
42,41

Tabelul 7.Coeficienii de conducie termic ai ctorva gaze

Coeficient de conductivitate termic,

Gaz

mK

Aer

2418

Oxigen

2439

Azot

2418

Dioxid de carbon

14178

Monoxid de carbon

2331

Hidrogen

17347

Tabel 8 Coeficientul de emisivitate, , pentru cteva materiale i tipuri de suprafee

Materialul
Aluminiu
-polizat
-oxidat
Oel
-grunduit;
-oxidat.
Vopsea
-pe baz de ulei;
-pe baz de aluminiu.
Materiale plastice
Ap

Temperatura [oC]

Coeficientul de emisivitate,

200-500
200-600

0,039-0,057
0,1-0,2

900-1100
200-600

0,55-0,61
0,79

100
100
10-90

0,92-0,96
0,3
0,91

0-100

0,95-0,963

Termotehnic. Anex

134

Tabel 9 Proprietile termodinamice ale apei i aburului n stare de saturaie

ts
[oC
]
0.0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53

Ts
[K]

ps
[bar]

hl
kJ/kg

273.1
274.1
275.1
276.1
277.1
278.1
279.1
280.1
281.1
282.1
283.1
284.1
285.1
286.1
287.1
288.1
289.1
290.1
291.1
292.1
293.1
294.1
295.1
296.1
297.1
298.1
299.1
300.1
301.1
302.1
303.1
304.1
305.1
306.1
307.1
308.1
309.1
310.1
311.1
312.1
313.1
314.1
315.1
316.1
317.1
318.1
319.1
320.1
321.1
322.1
323.1
324.1
325.1
326.1

0.00610
0.00656
0.00705
0.00757
0.00812
0.00871
0.00934
0.01001
0.01072
0.01147
0.01227
0.01311
0.14016
0.01496
0.01597
0.01704
0.01817
0.01936
0.02062
0.02196
00.0233
0.02486
0.02643
0.02808
0.02982
0.03166
0.03360
0.03564
0.03779
0.04004
0.04241
0.04491
0.04753
0.05029
0.05318
0.05622
0.05940
0.06274
0.06274
0.06991
0.07375
0.07777
0.08198
0.08639
0.09101
0.09584
0.10088
0.10614
0.11163
0.11736
0.12335
0.12960
0.13612
0.14292

0
4.22
8.42
12.63
16.84
21.05
25.25
29.45
33.65
37.85
42.04
46.22
50.41
54.60
58.78
62.97
67.16
71.34
75.53
79.72
83.90
88.09
92.27
96.46
100.6
104.8
108.9
113.1
117.3
121.5
125.7
129.8
134.0
138.2
142.4
146.6
150.7
154.9
159.1
16332
167.5
171.6
175.8
180.0
184.2
188.4
192.5
196.7
200.9
205.1
209.3
213.5
217.7
221.9

hg
kJ/k
g
2501
2502
2504
2506
2508
2510
2512
2514
2516
2518
2520
2521
2523
2525
2527
2528
2530
2532
2534
2536
2537
2539
2541
2543
2545
2547
2548
2550
2552
2554
2556
2558
2559
2561
2563
2565
2567
2569
2570
2572
2574
2575
2577
2579
2581
2582
2584
2586
2588
2590
2592
2593
2595
2597

hlg
kJ/k
g
2501
2498
2496
2493
2491
2489
2487
2485
2482
2479
2477
2475
2473
2470
2468
2465
2463
2461
2458
2456
2454
2451
2449
2447
2444
2442
2440
2437
2435
2432
2430
2428
2425
2423
2421
2418
2416
2414
2411
2409
2406
2403
2401
2399
2397
2394
2391
2389
2387
2385
2383
2380
2377
2375

ts
[oC
]
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107

Ts
[K]

ps
[bar]

327.1
328.1
329.1
330.1
331.1
332.1
333.1
334.1
335.1
336.1
337.1
338.1
339.1
340.1
341.1
342.1
343.1
344.1
345.1
346.1
347.1
348.1
349.1
350.1
351.1
352.1
353.1
354.1
355.1
356.1
357.1
358.1
359.1
360.1
361.1
362.1
363.1
364.1
365.1
366.1
367.1
368.1
369.1
370.1
371.1
372.1
373.1
374.1
375.1
376.1
377.1
378.1
379.1
380.1

0.1500
0.1574
0.1651
0.1731
0.1814
0.1901
0.1991
0.2086
0.2184
0.2285
0.2391
0.2501
0.2615
0.2733
0.2856
0.2984
0.3117
0.3254
.03396
0.3543
0.3696
0.3855
0.4019
0.4189
0.4365
0.4547
0.4736
0.4931
0.5133
0.5342
0.5558
0.5781
0.6011
0.6249
0.6495
0.749
0.7011
0.7281
0.4560
0.4848
0.8145
0.8451
0.8767
0.9093
0.9429
0.9775
1.0132
1.0499
1.0876
1.1265
1.1666
1.2079
1.2504
1.2941

hl
kJ/k
g
226.
230.
234.
238.
242.
246.
251.
255.
259.
263.
267.
272.
276.
280.
284.
288.
293.
297.
301.
305.
309.
314.
318.
322.
326.
330.
334.
339.
343.
347.
351.
35.9
360.
364.
368.
372.
377.
381.
385.
389.
393.
398.
402.
406.
410.
414.
419.
423.
427.
431.
436.
440.
444.
448.

hg
kJ/k
g
2599
2600
2602
2604
2606
2608
2609
2611
2613
2614
2616
2617
2619
2621
2623
2625
2626
2628
2630
2631
2633
2635
2636
2638
2639
2641
2643
2645
2646
2648
2650
2651
2653
2655
2656
2658
2659
2661
2662
2664
2666
2668
2669
2671
2673
2674
2676
2677
2679
2680
2681
2683
2685
2687

hlg
kJ/k
g
2373
2370
2368
2365
2363
2361
2358
2355
2353
2350
2348
2345
2343
2341
2338
2336
2333
2331
2329
2326
2323
2321
2318
2316
2313
2310
2308
2306
2303
2300
2298
2295
2293
2291
2288
2285
2282
2280
2277
2274
2272
2270
2267
2265
2262
2259
2257
2254
2251
2248
2245
2243
2241
2238