The Child & ADOLESCENT LEARNERS

Childhood
refers to the time or state of being
a child, the early stage in the
existence
or
development
of
something.
It connotes a time of innocence,
where one is free from responsibility
but vulnerable to forces in his
environment.

Childhood
The time for children to be in school
and at play, to grow strong and
confident
with
the
love
and
encouragement of their family and an
extended community of caring adults.
It is a precious time in which children
should live free from fear, safe from
violence and protected from abuse
and exploitation. (www.unicef.org)

EarlyChildhood
Thedevelopmentalperiodextendingfromtheendof
infancytoabout5or6years
Oftencalledthepreschoolyears
Childrenlearntobecomemoreselfsufficient
Childrennowdevelopschoolreadinessskills
Childrenspendmanyhoursplayingwithpeers

MiddleandLateChildhood
Thedevelopmentalperiodextendingfrom
about6to11yearsofage
Approximatelycorrespondstotheelementary
schoolyears
Fundamentalskillsofreading,writing,and
arithmeticaremastered
Childisformallyexposedtolargerworldand
itsculture

Childhood

Early Childhood names:

By Parents: problem age/
troublesome age (less appealing
age as compared to babyhood),
toy age.
By Educators: preschool age.
By Psychologists: pre-gang age,
exploratory age,
imitative/creative age.

Childhood

Late Childhood Names:

By Parents: most problematic
age, sloppy age, quarrelsome
age.
By Educators: elementary
school age, critical period in the
achievement drive.
By Psychologists: gang age
(age of conformity), creative age,
play age.

Adolescence
From the Latin word adolescere
which means to grow up
In common usage adolescent and
teenager are synonymous.
It is the period of psychological and
social transition between childhood
and adulthood

Adolescence
The age of adolescence vary by
culture. The World Health Organization
(WHO) defines adolescence as the
period of life between 10 and 19 years
of age.
In US, adolescence begins between
ages 12 and 14 and ends at 19 or 20.
Philippinesconsider thoseaged15-24
years as young adults and
thoseaged15-19 years asadolescents

Adolescence
The 3 main stages of adolescence:
Early adolescence
Middle adolescence
Late adolescence

Adolescence
Early adolescence (9-13
years) characterized by a
spurt of growth and the
development of secondary
sexual characteristics.

Adolescence
Middle adolescence (14-15
years) this stage is
distinguished by the
development of a separate
identity from parents, of new
relationships with peer groups
and the opposite sex, and of
experimentation.

Adolescence

Late adolescence (16-19

years) At this stage,
adolescents have fully developed
physical characteristics (similar
to adults), and have formed a
distinct identity and have wellformed opinions and ideas.
(NCERT 1999)

What is development?
a progressive series of orderly,
coherent changes (Hurlock, 1972)
is the pattern of change that begins
at conception and continues
throughout the human life span
(Santrock, 2008)

What is growth?

generally refers to change in

body structure including the size
of muscles, size of brain, and
the appearance of secondary
sex characteristics

Growth

change of physical aspects of the organism

change in shape, form, structure, size of the body

stops at maturation

can be measured accurately

Development

overall changes and progressive changes of the organism

structural change and functional progress of the body

continues till death of the organism

subjective interpretation of ones change

Sources:
Acero, Victorina D., et al. Child and Adolescent
Development. Manila: Rex Bookstore, 2008.
Meece, Judith L. Child and Adolescent Development for
Educators.
USA: McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1997.
Lupdag, Anselmo D. Educational Psychology. Metro
Manila:
National Bookstore, 1984.