DIAGRAMMATIC REPRESENTATION

DIFFERENCES BETWEEN BAR DIAGRAM & GRAPHS

Diagrams are drawn on a plain paper while Graphs are

generally drawn on a graph sheet
Diagrams furnish approximate information while Graphs
provide accurate and precise information
Diagrams cannot be used for time-series analysis and also in
frequency distributions whereas Graphs can be and are used
Construction of graphs is easier as compared to construction
of diagrams
 DIAGRAMMATIC REPRESENTATION
GENERAL GUIDELINES FOR CONSTRUCTING DIAGRAMS
Neatness - Visually appealing using proper shades / colors
Title
Selection of scale
Source Note
Index

Types of Diagrams
Line Diagram
Bar Diagram
Rectangle Diagram
Pie Diagram
 BAR DIAGRAM

Simple bar diagram

Sub-divided or component bar diagram

Percentage bar diagram

Multiple bar diagram

Deviation bar diagram

 SIMPLE BAR DIAGRAM
The most simplest form of bar diagram usually used to
represent single variable like sales, profits, tax collected year-
wise etc.
Ex.1) Represent the data with the help of bar diagram:

Year 1952 1957 1962 1967 1972 1977

No. of Women M.P.s 22 27 34 31 22 19

No. of Women M.Ps

 SIMPLE BAR DIAGRAM
The most simplest form of bar diagram usually used to
represent single variable like sales, profits, tax collected year-
wise etc.
Ex.1) Represent the data with the help of bar diagram:

Year 1952 1957 1962 1967 1972 1977

No. of Women M.P.s 22 27 34 31 22 19

No. of Women M.Ps
40

30
No. of Women M.Ps

20

10

0
1952 1957 1962 1967 1972 1977
Year
No. of Women M.Ps
 SIMPLE BAR DIAGRAM

2) Below are the data on the number of films made in different

regional &/or other languages in India in different years

Year 1947 1951 1961 1970 1971 1972 1973

No. of films 281 229 303 396 433 414 448

No. of films
500

400

300

200

100

0
1947 1951 1961 1970 1971 1972 1973

No. of Films
SIMPLE BAR DIAGRAM
 SUB-DIVIDED BAR DIAGRAM
3) Represent the following data by a sub-divided bar diagram

Item of Expenditure Family A Family B

Food 200 250

Clothing 100 200

House Rent 80 100

Fuel & Light 30 40

Education 90 210
Education
Fuel & Light
House Rent
Clothing
Food
800

700

600

500
Education
400 Fuel & Light
House Rent
Clothing
300 Food

200

100

0
Family A Family B
800

700

600

500
Education
400 Fuel & Light
House Rent
Clothing
300 Food

200

100 200

0
Family A Family B
800

700

600

500
Education
400 Fuel & Light
House Rent
Clothing
300 Food
100
200

100 200

0
Family A Family B
800

700

600

500
Education
400 Fuel & Light
House Rent
80 Clothing
300 Food
100
200

100 200

0
Family A Family B
800

700

600

500
Education
400 Fuel & Light
30
House Rent
80 Clothing
300 Food
100
200

100 200

0
Family A Family B
800

700

600

500
90 Education
400 Fuel & Light
30
House Rent
80 Clothing
300 Food
100
200

100 200

0
Family A Family B
800

700

600

500
90 Education
400 Fuel & Light
30
House Rent
80 Clothing
300 Food
100
200
250
100 200

0
Family A Family B
800

700

600

500
90 Education
400 Fuel & Light
30
House Rent
80 200
Clothing
300 Food
100
200
250
100 200

0
Family A Family B
800

700

600

500 100
90 Education
400 Fuel & Light
30
House Rent
80 200
Clothing
300 Food
100
200
250
100 200

0
Family A Family B
800

700

600
40

500 100
90 Education
400 Fuel & Light
30
House Rent
80 200
Clothing
300 Food
100
200
250
100 200

0
Family A Family B
800

700 210

600
40

500 100
90 Education
400 Fuel & Light
30
House Rent
80 200
Clothing
300 Food
100
200
250
100 200

0
Family A Family B
 SUB-DIVIDED BAR DIAGRAM
4) Represent the following by a suitable diagram

Item of Expenditure Family A Family B

Food 150 150

Clothing 125 60

Education 25 50

Miscellaneous 190 70

Saving or Deficit +10 -30

Savings or Deficit
Miscellaneous
Education
Clothing
Food
500

375

250 Savings or Deficit

Miscellaneous
Education
Clothing
125
Food

-125
Family A Family B
500

375

250 Savings or Deficit

Miscellaneous
Education
Clothing
125
Food
150

-125
Family A Family B
500

375

250 Savings or Deficit

125 Miscellaneous
Education
Clothing
125
Food
150

-125
Family A Family B
500

375

25
250 Savings or Deficit
125 Miscellaneous
Education
Clothing
125
Food
150

-125
Family A Family B
500

190
375

25
250 Savings or Deficit
125 Miscellaneous
Education
Clothing
125
Food
150

-125
Family A Family B
500 10

190
375

25
250 Savings or Deficit
125 Miscellaneous
Education
Clothing
125
Food
150

-125
Family A Family B
500 10

190
375

25
250 Savings or Deficit
125 Miscellaneous
Education
Clothing
125
Food
150 150

-125
Family A Family B
500 10

190
375

25
250 Savings or Deficit
125 Miscellaneous
60 Education
Clothing
125
Food
150 150

-125
Family A Family B
500 10

190
375

25
250 50 Savings or Deficit
125 Miscellaneous
60 Education
Clothing
125
Food
150 150

-125
Family A Family B
500 10

190
375

25 70

250 50 Savings or Deficit

125 Miscellaneous
60 Education
Clothing
125
Food
150 150

-125
Family A Family B
500 10

190
375

25 70

250 50 Savings or Deficit

125 Miscellaneous
60 Education
Clothing
125
Food
150 150

0 -30

-125
Family A Family B
 PERCENTAGE BAR DIAGRAM
5) Draw a suitable diagram to represent the following data on
livelihood patterns in India, USA & UK

Occupation India U.S.A U.K

Agriculture & Forestry 71% 13% 5%

Manufacture & Commerce 15% 46% 55%

Other Industries & Services 14% 41% 40%

Total 100% 100% 100%

 PERCENTAGE BAR DIAGRAM
5) Draw a suitable diagram to represent the following data on
livelihood patterns in India, USA & UK

Cumulative Cumulative Cumulative

Occupation India % U.S.A % U.K %

Agriculture & Forestry 71% 71 13% 13 5% 5

Manufacture &
15% 86 46% 59 55% 60
Commerce
Other Industries &
14% 100 41% 100 40% 100
Services

Total 100% 100% 100%

Other Industries & Services
Manufacture & Commerce
Agriculture & Forestry
Other Industries & Services
Manufacture & Commerce
Agriculture & Forestry
 PERCENTAGE BAR DIAGRAM
6) The table below gives the break-up of the expenditure of a
family on different terms of consumption. Draw percentage
bar diagram to represent the data
 PERCENTAGE BAR DIAGRAM
6) The table below gives the break-up of the expenditure of a
family on different terms of consumption. Draw percentage
bar diagram to represent the data
 PERCENTAGE BAR DIAGRAM
6) The table below gives the break-up of the expenditure of a
family on different terms of consumption. Draw percentage
bar diagram to represent the data
Item Expenditure (Rs.) Percentage Cumulative %
Food 240 33.33 33.33
Clothing 66 9.17 42.50
Rent 125 17.36 59.86
Fuel & Lighting 57 7.92 67.78
Education 42 5.83 73.61
Miscellaneous 190 26.39 100.00
Total 720
 PERCENTAGE BAR DIAGRAM
6) The table below gives the break-up of the expenditure of a
family on different terms of consumption. Draw percentage
bar diagram to represent the data
Item Expenditure (Rs.) Percentage Cumulative %
Food 240 33.33 33.33
Clothing 66 9.17 42.50
Rent 125 17.36 59.86
Fuel & Lighting 57 7.92 67.78
Education 42 5.83 73.61
Miscellaneous 190 26.39 100.00
Total 720
 PERCENTAGE BAR DIAGRAM
6) The table below gives the break-up of the expenditure of a
family on different terms of consumption. Draw percentage
bar diagram to represent the data
Item Expenditure (Rs.) Percentage Cumulative %
Food 240 33.33 33.33
Clothing 66 9.17 42.50
Rent 125 17.36 59.86
Fuel & Lighting 57 7.92 67.78
Education 42 5.83 73.61
Miscellaneous 190 26.39 100.00
Total 720
 PERCENTAGE BAR DIAGRAM
6) The table below gives the break-up of the expenditure of a
family on different terms of consumption. Draw percentage
bar diagram to represent the data
Item Expenditure (Rs.) Percentage Cumulative %
Food 240 33.33 33.33
Clothing 66 9.17 42.50
Rent 125 17.36 59.86
Fuel & Lighting 57 7.92 67.78
Education 42 5.83 73.61
Miscellaneous 190 26.39 100.00
Total 720
100%

26%
80%

6%
8%
60%
Miscellaneous
17% Education
Fuel & Lighting
40%
9%
Rent
Clothing
Food

20%
33%

0%
Expenditure (Rs.)
 MULTIPLE BAR DIAGRAM
7) The data given below gives the yearly profits (in thousands
of rupees) of two companies A and B.
 MULTIPLE BAR DIAGRAM
7) The data given below gives the yearly profits (in thousands
of rupees) of two companies A and B.

Year Profits in (‘000 Rs.)

Company A Company B

1994-95 120 90

1995-96 135 95

1996-97 140 108

1997-98 160 120

1998-99 175 130

180 175

160

150 140
135
130
120 120
120
108

95
90
90

60
COMPANY A
COMPANY B
30

0
1994-95 1995-96 1996-97 1997-98 1998-99
180 175

160

150 140
135
130
120 120
120
108

95
90
90
1994-95
1995-96
1996-97
60 1997-98
1998-99

30

0
COMPANY A COMPANY B
 MULTIPLE BAR DIAGRAM
8) Draw a suitable diagram to present the following data:
 MULTIPLE BAR DIAGRAM
8) Draw a suitable diagram to present the following data:
 MULTIPLE BAR DIAGRAM
8) Draw a suitable diagram to present the following data:

1998 in % 1999 in %

I Division 16 10.00 12 7.41

II Division 40 25.00 44 27.16

III Division 60 37.50 72 44.44

Failures 44 27.50 34 20.99

Total no. of
160 162
candidates
 MULTIPLE BAR DIAGRAM
8) Draw a suitable diagram to present the following data:

1998 in % 1999 in %

I Division 16 10.00 12 7.41

II Division 40 25.00 44 27.16

III Division 60 37.50 72 44.44

Failures 44 27.50 34 20.99

Total no. of
160 162
candidates
 MULTIPLE BAR DIAGRAM
8) Draw a suitable diagram to present the following data:

1998 in % 1999 in %

I Division 16 10.00 12 7.41

II Division 40 25.00 44 27.16

III Division 60 37.50 72 44.44

Failures 44 27.50 34 20.99

Total no. of
160 162
candidates
 MULTIPLE BAR DIAGRAM
8) Draw a suitable diagram to present the following data:

1998 in % 1999 in %

I Division 16 10.00 12 7.41

II Division 40 25.00 44 27.16

III Division 60 37.50 72 44.44

Failures 44 27.50 34 20.99

Total no. of
160 162
candidates
 MULTIPLE BAR DIAGRAM
8) Draw a suitable diagram to present the following data:

1998 in % 1999 in %

I Division 16 10.00 12 7.41

II Division 40 25.00 44 27.16

III Division 60 37.50 72 44.44

Failures 44 27.50 34 20.99

Total no. of
160 162
candidates
100% 28% 21%

75% 44%
38%

50%

25% 27% Failures

25% III Division
II Division
I Division
10%
7%
0%
1998 1999
80

60

40

1998
1999

20

0
I Division II Division III Division Failures
80

60

40

I Division
II Division
III Division
20 Failures

0
1998 1999
 DEVIATION BARS
These are useful to while representing net quantities like Surplus or
Deficit, Profit or Loss, Imports or Exports which have both Positive
and Negative Values.

9) For the following data prepare a suitable diagram showing Balance

of Trade:
Exports Imports Balance of Trade
Years
(in Rs. Million) (in Rs. Million) (in Rs. Million)

1994 24 9 24 - 9 = 15
1995 115 92 115 - 92 = 23
1996 84 92 84 - 92 = -8
1997 110 120 110 - 120 = -10
1998 130 183 130 - 183 = -53
1999 162 187 162 - 187 = -25
 30
23

15
15
Balance of Trade

-8
-10
-15

-25 Balance of Trade

-30

-45

-53
-60
1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
 BROKEN BARS
This is used to represent the data with wide variation.

10) Represent the following data relating to the military statistics at the
border during the war between the two countries A and B in 1999 by
multiple bar diagram

Category Country A Country B

Army Divisions 4 20
Semi-Army Units 50
Fighter Planes 75 700
Tanks 50 300
Total Troops 100000 170000
 PIE CHART
This type of presentation is used when a share or piece of pie has to be
shown amongst many entities.

11) Draw a pie diagram to represent the following data of proposed

expenditure by a State Government for the year 1997 - 98
 PIE CHART
This type of presentation is used when a share or piece of pie has to be
shown amongst many entities.

11) Draw a pie diagram to represent the following data of proposed

expenditure by a State Government for the year 1997 - 98
 PIE CHART
This type of presentation is used when a share or piece of pie has to be
shown amongst many entities.

11) Draw a pie diagram to represent the following data of proposed

expenditure by a State Government for the year 1997 - 98

Agriculture & Industries &

Health &
Items Rural Urban Miscellaneous Total
Education
Development Development

Proposed
Expenditure 4200 1500 1000 500 7200
(in million Rs.)

Angle at the
centre 210 75 50 25 360
 PIE CHART
This type of presentation is used when a share or piece of pie has to be
shown amongst many entities.

11) Draw a pie diagram to represent the following data of proposed

expenditure by a State Government for the year 1997 - 98

Agriculture & Industries &

Health &
Items Rural Urban Miscellaneous Total
Education
Development Development

Proposed
Expenditure 4200 1500 1000 500 7200
(in million Rs.)

Angle at the
centre 210 75 50 25 360
 PIE CHART
This type of presentation is used when a share or piece of pie has to be
shown amongst many entities.

11) Draw a pie diagram to represent the following data of proposed

expenditure by a State Government for the year 1997 - 98

Agriculture & Industries &

Health &
Items Rural Urban Miscellaneous Total
Education
Development Development

Proposed
Expenditure 4200 1500 1000 500 7200
(in million Rs.)

Angle at the
centre 210 75 50 25 360
Agriculture & Rural Development
Industries & Urban Development
Health & Education
Miscellaneous
 PIE CHART

12) Draw a pie diagram for the following data

 PIE CHART

12) Draw a pie diagram for the following data

SECTOR SHARE PIE SHARE
Food 20% 72
Clothing 15% 54
Rent 25% 90
Education 15% 54
Fuel & Electricity 15% 54
Miscellaneous 10% 36
 PIE CHART

12) Draw a pie diagram for the following data

SECTOR SHARE PIE SHARE
Food 20% 72
Clothing 15% 54
Rent 25% 90
Education 15% 54
Fuel & Electricity 15% 54
Miscellaneous 10% 36
 PIE CHART

12) Draw a pie diagram for the following data

SECTOR SHARE PIE SHARE
Food 20% 72
Clothing 15% 54
Rent 25% 90
Education 15% 54
Fuel & Electricity 15% 54
Miscellaneous 10% 36