Technicaltraining.

Productinformation.
N13Engine.

BMWService

Generalinformation
Symbolsused
Thefollowingsymbolisusedinthisdocumenttofacilitatebettercomprehensionortodrawattention
toveryimportantinformation:

Containsimportantsafetyinformationandinformationthatneedstobeobservedstrictlyinorderto
guaranteethesmoothoperationofthesystem.
Informationstatusandnational-marketversions
BMWGroupvehiclesmeettherequirementsofthehighestsafetyandqualitystandards.Changes
inrequirementsforenvironmentalprotection,customerbenefitsanddesignrendernecessary
continuousdevelopmentofsystemsandcomponents.Consequently,theremaybediscrepancies
betweenthecontentsofthisdocumentandthevehiclesavailableinthetrainingcourse.
ThisdocumentbasicallyrelatestotheEuropeanversionoflefthanddrivevehicles.Someoperating
elementsorcomponentsarearrangeddifferentlyinright-handdrivevehiclesthanshowninthe
graphicsinthisdocument.Furtherdifferencesmayariseastheresultoftheequipmentspecificationin
specificmarketsorcountries.
Additionalsourcesofinformation
Furtherinformationontheindividualtopicscanbefoundinthefollowing:

Owner'sHandbook

IntegratedServiceTechnicalApplication.

Contact:conceptinfo@bmw.de
2011BMWAG,Munich,Germany
ReprintsofthispublicationoritspartsrequirethewrittenapprovalofBMWAG,Munich
Theinformationcontainedinthisdocumentformsanintegralpartofthetechnicaltrainingofthe
BMWGroupandisintendedforthetrainerandparticipantsintheseminar.Refertothelatestrelevant
informationsystemsoftheBMWGroupforanychanges/additionstothetechnicaldata.
Contact
GernotNehmeyer
Telephone+49(0)8938234059
gernot.nehmeyer@bmw.de
Informationstatus:June2011

N13Engine.
Contents.
1.

Introduction............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 5
1.1.
Models..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 5
1.2.
Technicaldata............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 5
1.2.1.
BMW116i........................................................................................................................................................................................ 5
1.2.2.
BMW118i........................................................................................................................................................................................ 8
1.3.
Newfeatures/changes............................................................................................................................................................................... 12
1.3.1.
Overview......................................................................................................................................................................................... 12
1.4.
Engineidentification..................................................................................................................................................................................... 12
1.4.1.
Enginedesignation....................................................................................................................................................... 12
1.4.2.
Engineidentification....................................................................................................................................................13

2.

EngineMechanics................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 15
2.1.
Enginehousing..................................................................................................................................................................................................... 15
2.1.1.
Engineblock............................................................................................................................................................................ 16
2.1.2.
Cylinderheadgasket................................................................................................................................................. 18
2.1.3.
Cylinderhead......................................................................................................................................................................... 19
2.1.4.
Cylinderheadcover..................................................................................................................................................... 21
2.1.5.
Oilsump......................................................................................................................................................................................... 27
2.2.
Crankshaftdrive................................................................................................................................................................................................... 29
2.2.1.
Crankshaftwithbearings..................................................................................................................................... 29
2.2.2.
Connectingrodwithbearing......................................................................................................................... 32
2.2.3.
Pistonwithpistonrings......................................................................................................................................... 33
2.3.
Camshaftdrive....................................................................................................................................................................................................... 34
2.4.
Valvegear.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................36
2.4.1.
Design................................................................................................................................................................................................ 36
2.4.2.
Valvetronic................................................................................................................................................................................... 39
2.5.
Beltdrive......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 42

3.

Oil Supply.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 44
3.1.
Overview.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 44
3.1.1.
Hydrauliccircuitdiagram..................................................................................................................................... 45
3.2.
Oilpumpandpressurecontrol.................................................................................................................................................... 47
3.2.1.
Oilpump......................................................................................................................................................................................... 47
3.2.2.
Pressurecontrol................................................................................................................................................................. 51
3.2.3.
Pressure-limitingvalve............................................................................................................................................ 53
3.3.
Coolingandfiltering...................................................................................................................................................................................... 55
3.3.1.
Cooling.............................................................................................................................................................................................. 56
3.3.2.
Filtering............................................................................................................................................................................................ 56
3.4.
Monitoring..................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 57
3.4.1.
Oilpressuresensor...................................................................................................................................................... 57
3.4.2.
Oillevelmonitoring....................................................................................................................................................... 57

N13Engine.
Contents.
3.5.

Oilspraynozzles.................................................................................................................................................................................................57
3.5.1.
Pistoncrowncooling..................................................................................................................................................57
3.5.2.
Timingchainlubrication........................................................................................................................................58

4.

Cooling....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 59
4.1.
Overview.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 59
4.2.
Heatmanagement........................................................................................................................................................................................... 63
4.2.1.
Frictiongearservodrive......................................................................................................................................... 63
4.2.2.
Mapthermostat.................................................................................................................................................................. 65
4.2.3.
Heatmanagementfunction............................................................................................................................. 65

5.

AirIntake/ExhaustEmissionSyst........................................................................................................................................................... 71
5.1.
Overview.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 71
5.2.
Airintakesystem................................................................................................................................................................................................73
5.2.1.
Hotfilmairmassmeter..........................................................................................................................................74
5.2.2.
Intakemanifold..................................................................................................................................................................... 74
5.3.
Exhaustturbocharger..................................................................................................................................................................................76
5.4.
Exhaustemissionsystem..................................................................................................................................................................... 77
5.4.1.
Exhaustmanifold.............................................................................................................................................................. 77
5.4.2.
Catalyticconverter......................................................................................................................................................... 77

6.

VacuumSystem......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 80

7.

FuelPreparation........................................................................................................................................................................................................................81
7.1.
Overview.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 81
7.2.
Fuelpumpcontrol............................................................................................................................................................................................ 82
7.3.
High-pressurepump.................................................................................................................................................................................... 82
7.4.
Injectors.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................82

8.

Fuel Supply.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................85
8.1.
Tankventilation..................................................................................................................................................................................................... 85

9.

EngineElectricalSystem......................................................................................................................................................................................... 86
9.1.
Overview.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 86
9.2.
Enginecontrolunit.......................................................................................................................................................................................... 88
9.2.1.
Overallfunction................................................................................................................................................................... 89

N13Engine.
1.Introduction.
WiththeN13engineTurbo-ValvetronicDirectInjection(TVDI)technologyismakingitsfirst
appearanceinBMW'ssmall4-cylinderpetrolengines.TheN13engineisgraduallyreplacingthe
N46andN434-cylinderenginesintheperformanceclassesbelowthex20i.ATwinScrollexhaust
turbochargeroptimisestheresponsecharacteristicsanddeliverspoweralreadyatlowenginespeeds.
TheN13engineiscloselyrelatedtotheN18engine,whichdrivestheMINICOOPERS.Thebasic
engineisessentiallythesame-withjustminormodifications.Theperipheralshavebeenadaptedto
longitudinalinstallationinBMWmodels.AspecialfeatureforBMWistheswitchingoftheintakeand
exhaustsidesinthevehicle.Thus,forthefirsttimeinaBMWvehicle,theexhaustsideisontheleft
sidewhenviewedinthedirectionoftravel.
ThisdocumentonlydescribesthetwoversionsasareusedasatSeptember2011intheBMW1
Series,F20.

1.1.Models
Modeldesignation

Enginedesignation

Seriesintroduction

BMW116i

N13B16U0

09/2011

BMW118i

N13B16M0

09/2011

1.2.Technicaldata
1.2.1.BMW116i
Unit

N45B16O2

**

N43B16O0

N43B20K0

***

N13B16U0

Series

E87

E87

E87

F20

Modeldesignation

116i

116i

116i

116i

R4

R4

R4

R4

Design
Displacement

[cm]

1596

1599

1995

1598

Bore/stroke

[mm]

84/72

82/75.7

84/90

77/85.8

Poweroutput
atenginespeed

[kW
(HP)]
[rpm]

85(115)
6000

90(122)
6000

90(122)
6000

100(136)
4400

Poweroutputperlitre

[kW/l]

53.3

56.3

45.1

62.6

Torque
atenginespeed

[Nm]
[rpm]

150
4300

160
4250

185
3000
4250

220
1350
4300

Overboost
atenginespeed

[Nm]
[rpm]

240
1500
3500

[]

10.2:1

12.0:1

12.0:1

10.5:1

Compressionratio
Valvespercylinder

N13Engine.
1.Introduction.
Unit

N45B16O2

Fuelconsumption
complyingwithEU

[l/100
km]

7.7

6.3

6.1

5.5

CO2emissions

[g/km]

180

147

143

129

ME9

MSD81.2

MSD81.2

MEVD17.2.5

EURO5

EURO5

EURO5

EURO5

[km/h]

200

204

204

210

Acceleration0100km/h

[s]

10.9

10.2

9.9

8.5

VehiclekerbweightDIN/
EU

[kg]

1255/1330

1255/1330

1255/1330

1290/1365

DigitalEngineElectronics
Exhaustemissions
legislation
Maximumspeed

**

N43B16O0

N43B20K0

***

*Inallnon-ACEAmarkets(AssociationdesConstructeursEuropensdAutomobiles)
**OnlyinACEAmarkets
***FromMarch2009insomeACEAmarkets

N13B16U0

N13Engine.
1.Introduction.
FullloaddiagramN13/N45engine

FullloaddiagramcomparingN13B16U0enginewithN45B16O2engine

N13Engine.
1.Introduction.
FullloaddiagramN13/N43engine

FullloaddiagramcomparingN13B16U0enginewithN43B20K0engine

1.2.2.BMW118i
Unit

N46B20U2*

N43B20O0**

N13B16M0

Series

E87

E87

F20

Modeldesignation

118i

118i

118i

R4

R4

R4

Design
Displacement

[cm]

1995

1995

1598

Bore/stroke

[mm]

84/90

84/90

77/85.8

[kW(HP)]
[rpm]

100(136)
5750

125(170)
6700

125(170)
4800

Poweroutput
atenginespeed
8

N13Engine.
1.Introduction.
Unit

N46B20U2*

N43B20O0**

N13B16M0

Poweroutputperlitre

[kW/l]

50.1

62.66

78.2

Torque
atenginespeed

[Nm]
[rpm]

180
4300

210
4250

250
15004500

[]

10.5:1

12.0:1

10.5:1

[l/100km]

7.5

6.6

5.8

[g/km]

174

153

134

DigitalEngineElectronics

MEV17

MSD81.2

MEVD17.2.5

Exhaustemissionslegislation

EURO5

EURO5

EURO5

[km/h]

208

224

225

Acceleration0100km/h

[s]

9.4

7.8

7.4

VehiclekerbweightDIN/EU

[kg]

1275/1350

1300/1375

1295/1370

Compressionratio
Valvespercylinder
Fuelconsumptioncomplying
withEU
CO2emissions

Maximumspeed

*Inallnon-ACEAmarkets(AssociationdesConstructeursEuropensdAutomobiles)
**OnlyinACEAmarkets

N13Engine.
1.Introduction.
FullloaddiagramN13/N46engine

FullloaddiagramcomparingN13B16M0enginewithN46B20U2engine

10

N13Engine.
1.Introduction.
FullloaddiagramN13/N43engine

FullloaddiagramcomparingN13B16M0enginewithN43B20O0engine

11

N13Engine.
1.Introduction.
1.3.Newfeatures/changes
1.3.1.Overview
System

Comment

Enginemechanics

Oilsupply

Cooling
Airintakeandexhaust
emissionsystems

Vacuumsystem

Fuelpreparation

Engineelectricalsystem

Aluminiumcrankcasewithcast-ingreycastironliners

Open-deckdesign

UseoftheTVDIprocess

3rdgenerationValvetronic

Built-upcamshafts

Two-partcrankcaseventilation

Forgedcrankshaft

Map-controlledoilpump

Externalgearpump

Rawoilcooling(N13B16M0engineonly)

Oilpressuresensor.

Cutting-incoolantpump

Establishedheatmanagement.

TwinScrollexhaustturbocharger

Hotfilmairmassmeter7inallengineversions

Threeconnectionsforcrankcaseventilation.

Two-stagevacuumpump

Vacuumreservoirforthewastegatevalveintegratedinthe
enginecover.

High-pressureinjection(liketheN73engine)

Solenoidvalveinjectors

Boschhigh-pressurepump

Nofuellow-pressuresensor.

BoschMEVD17.2.4enginecontrolunit.

1.4.Engineidentification
1.4.1.Enginedesignation
TheN13engineisdescribedinthefollowingversions:N13B16U0andN13B16M0.
12

N13Engine.
1.Introduction.
Inthetechnicaldocumentation,theenginedesignationisusedtoensureunambiguousidentification
oftheengine.
ThetechnicaldocumentationalsocontainstheshortformoftheenginedesignationN13,whichonly
indicatestheenginetype.
BreakdownofN13enginedesignation
Index

Explanation

BMWGroupDevelopment

4-cylinderin-lineengine

Enginewithexhaustturbocharger,Valvetronicanddirectfuelinjection
(TVDI)

Petrolengine,longitudinallyinstalled

16

1.6litresdisplacement

U/M

Lower/middleperformanceclass

Newdevelopment

1.4.2.Engineidentification
Theengineshaveanidentificationmarkonthecrankcasetoensureunambiguousidentificationand
classification.Thisengineidentificationisalsonecessaryforapprovalbygovernmentauthorities.The
firstsixpositionsoftheengineidentificationcorrespondtotheenginedesignation.
WiththeN55engine,thisidentificationwassubjecttoafurtherdevelopment,withtheprevious
eightpositionsbeingreducedtoseven.Theenginenumbercanbefoundontheenginebelowthe
engineidentification.Thisconsecutivenumber,inconjunctionwiththeengineidentification,permits
unambiguousidentificationofeachindividualengine.

13

N13Engine.
1.Introduction.

N13engine,engineidentificationandenginenumber

Index

Explanation

A4241912

Individualconsecutiveenginenumber

BMWGroupDevelopment

4-cylinderin-lineengine

Enginewithexhaustturbocharger,Valvetronicanddirectfuelinjection(TVDI)

Petrolengine,longitudinallyinstalled

16

1.6litresdisplacement

Typetestconcerns,standard

14

N13Engine.
2.EngineMechanics.
2.1.Enginehousing
Theenginehousingcomprisestheengineblock(crankcaseandbedplate),thecylinderhead,the
cylinderheadcover,theoilsumpandthegaskets.

N13engine,structureofenginehousing

Index

Explanation

Cylinderheadcover

Cylinderheadcovergasket

Cylinderhead

Cylinderheadgasket
15

N13Engine.
2.EngineMechanics.
Index

Explanation

Crankcase

Sealant

Bedplate

Sealant

Oilsump

2.1.1.Engineblock
TheengineblockismadefromdiecastaluminiumAlSi9Cu3andcomprisesthecrankcaseand
thebedplate.Thesamematerialhasalreadybeenusedintheestablished4-cylinderengineswith
aluminiumcrankcases.
Oilducts

N13engine,oilducts

Index

Explanation

Cleanoilduct

Oilreturnducts

Blow-byducts

Cleanoilduct

Oilreturn(filterrenewal)

Rawoilduct

Theoilflowingbackthroughtheoilreturnducts(2)isrouteddirectlyintotheoilsumpandtherefore
cannotcomeintocontactwiththecrankshaft.Theblow-bychannels(3)alreadyendbeforethe
crankshaftandfacilitateagoodgasexchangetothecylinderheadcover.
16

N13Engine.
2.EngineMechanics.
Coolantducts
Theengineblockisanopen-deckdesign.Thecoolantflowsfromthecoolantpumptotherightside
oftheengineblock.Thetake-offfromthecoolingjackettotheoil-to-waterheatexchangerislocated
onthefourthcylinder.Theoilheatedbytheoil-to-waterheatexchangerisroutedviaaductfromthe
crankcaseintothecylinderheadnexttothecoolantoutlet.

N13engine,coolingjacketandcoolantducts

Index

Explanation

Coolingjacket

2+3

Coolantductfromcoolantheatexchangertocoolingjacketincylinderhead

Coolantductfromcoolingjackettocoolantheatexchanger

Compensationopenings
Thecrankcasefeatureslargelongitudinalventilationopeningswhicharebothcastinandmilled.
Theseventilationopeningsimprovethepressurecompensationoftheoscillatingaircolumnscreated
bytheup-anddown-strokesofthepistons.

17

N13Engine.
2.EngineMechanics.

N13engine,compensationopeningsinthebearingseat

Index

Explanation

1,2,3,6,8,9,10

Apertures

4,5,7

Ventilationholes

Cylinder
Cast-indrycylinderlinersareusedintheN13engine.Thegreycastironlinersterminateatthetopat
thecylinderheadgasketlevel.

2.1.2.Cylinderheadgasket
Afour-layerspringsteelgasketisusedforthecylinderheadgasket.Astopperplate(2)isflanged
intheareaofthecylinderboresinordertoachievesufficientcontactpressureforsealing.Allthe
layersarecoated,thecontactsurfaceswiththecylinderheadandtheengineblockhavingapartial
fluorocaoutchouccoatingwithanti-stickcoating.
18

N13Engine.
2.EngineMechanics.

N13engine,cylinderheadgasket

Index

Explanation

Topspringsteellayerwithanti-stickcoatingonbothsides

Springsteellayer,stopperplate

Middlespringsteellayerwithcoatingontopside

Bottomspringsteellayerwithanti-stickcoatingonbothsides

2.1.3.Cylinderhead
ThecylinderheadoftheN13engineisaderivationofthecylinderheadoftheN18engineintheMINI.
3rdgenerationValvetronicisalsousedintheN13engine,asisalreadyfamiliarfromtheN55engine
andtheN18engine.

Thecombinationofexhaustturbocharger,Valvetronicanddirectfuelinjectionisknownas
Turbo-ValvtronicDirectInjection(TVDI).

19

N13Engine.
2.EngineMechanics.

N13engine,cylinderhead

Index

Explanation

VANOSsolenoidvalve,exhaustside

VANOS,exhaustside

VANOS,intakeside

VANOSsolenoidvalve,intakeside

Spring

Gate

Intermediatelever

Partialringgear,eccentricshaft

Valvetronicservomotor

10

High-pressurepump

11

Minimumandmaximumstop,eccentricshaft

20

N13Engine.
2.EngineMechanics.
2.1.4.Cylinderheadcover
Design
Allthecomponentsforcrankcaseventilationandtheblow-byductsareintegratedinthecylinderhead
cover.Apressurecontrolvalvepreventsanexcessivevacuumfrombeinggeneratedinthecrankcase.
Becausetheengineisturbocharged,crankcaseventilationtakestwodifferentforms.Thus,ventilation
isperformedviadifferentductsdependingonwhethertheengineisrunninginturbochargedornormal
mode.
Pressureregulationisperformedbythepressurecontrolvalveinbothcases.Thepressurecontrol
valvebringsaboutapressurereductionofapprox.38mbarinthecrankcase.

N13engine,cylinderheadcoverwithcrankcaseventilation

Index

Explanation

Ducttocylinderheadintointakeport,cylinder1

Cycloneflexibletongueseparator

Sideopeningincycloneseparator

Flexibletongue

Ducttocylinderheadintointakeports,cylinders2and3
21

N13Engine.
2.EngineMechanics.
Index

Explanation

Ducttocylinderheadintointakeport,cylinder4

Cylinderheadcover

Non-returnvalveinducttointakeports

Openingtocylinderhead

10

Oilreturnduct

11

Pressurecontrolboreinpressurecontrolvalve

12

Non-returnvalveinducttocharge-airsuctionline

Theblow-bygasesgoviathecentralopeningbetweencylindertwoandthreeandachanneltothe
cycloneflexibletongueseparator.Theoilstucktotheblow-bygasisinterceptedbythecyclone
flexibletongueandflowsbackdownwardsalongthewallsviaanon-returnvalveinthecylinderhead.
Theblow-bygascleanedbytheoilnowgetstotheairintakesystemviathepressurecontrolvalve,
dependingontheoperatingcondition.
Function
Thestandardfunctioncanonlybeutilisedwhilethenon-returnvalveintheintakeplenumisopenedby
vacuumpressure,i.e.innaturallyaspiratedmode.
Innaturallyaspiratedmode,thenon-returnvalveintheblow-byductofthecylinderheadcoveris
openedbythevacuumpressureintheintakeplenumandtheblow-bygasesaredrawnoffviathe
pressurecontrolvalve.Thevacuumpressuresimultaneouslyclosesthesecondnon-returnvalveinthe
ducttocharge-airsuctionline.
Theblow-bygasesareroutedviatherailintegratedinthecylinderheadcoverdirectlyintothecylinder
headintakeports.
Apurgeairline,whichisconnectedtothecleanairpipeaheadoftheexhaustturbochargerandto
thecrankcase,routesfreshairviaanon-returnvalveandtheoildipstickintothecrankchamber.The
greaterthevacuuminthecrankchamber,thehighertheairmassintroducedintothecrankcase.This
purgingreducestheentryoffuelandwater,whichinturnimprovestheoilquality.

22

N13Engine.
2.EngineMechanics.

N13engine,purgeairline

Index

Explanation

Oildipstickguidetube

Oildipstick

Non-returnvalve

Purgeairline

Cleanairpipe

23

N13Engine.
2.EngineMechanics.

N13engine,crankcaseventilation,naturallyaspiratedmode

Index

Explanation

Ambientpressure

Vacuum

Exhaustgas

Oil

Blow-bygas

Airfilter

Intakeplenum

24

N13Engine.
2.EngineMechanics.
Index

Explanation

Cycloneflexibletongueseparator

Ductincylinderheadandcylinderheadcover

Blow-byduct

Purgeairline

Non-returnvalve

Crankchamber

Oilsump

10

Oilreturnduct

11

Exhaustturbocharger

12

Non-returnvalve,oilreturn

13

Charge-airsuctionline

14

Ducttocharge-airsuctionline

15

Non-returnvalvewithrestrictor

16

Throttlevalve

17

Pressurecontrolvalve

18

Non-returnvalvewithrestrictor

Oncethepressureintheintakeplenumrises,itisnolongerpossiblefortheblow-bygasesto
beintroducedviathisroute.Thiswouldotherwisecreatetheriskofthechargingpressurebeing
introducedintothecrankcase.Anon-returnvalveintheblow-byductofthecylinderheadcovercloses
theducttotheintakeplenumandtherebyprotectsthecrankcaseagainstexcesspressure.
Thenowgreaterfresh-airdemandgeneratesavacuuminthecleanairpipebetweentheexhaust
turbochargerandtheintakesilencer.Thisvacuumissufficienttoopenthenon-returnvalveandviathe
connectiononthecylinderheadcovertodrawofftheblow-bygasesviathepressurecontrolvalve.

25

N13Engine.
2.EngineMechanics.

N13engine,crankcaseventilation,turbochargedmode

Index

Explanation

Chargingpressure

Vacuum

Exhaustgas

Oil

Blow-bygas

Airfilter

Intakeplenum

26

N13Engine.
2.EngineMechanics.
Index

Explanation

Cycloneflexibletongueseparator

Ductincylinderheadandcylinderheadcover

Blow-byduct

Purgeairline

Non-returnvalve

Crankchamber

Oilsump

10

Oilreturnduct

11

Exhaustturbocharger

12

Non-returnvalve,oilreturn

13

Charge-airsuctionline

14

Ducttocharge-airsuctionline

15

Non-returnvalvewithrestrictor

16

Throttlevalve

17

Pressurecontrolvalve

18

Non-returnvalvewithrestrictor

2.1.5.Oilsump
TheoilsumpoftheN13engineismadefromsingle-layersheetsteel.Theoilsumpissealedin
productionwithasealingcompoundinrelationtothebedplate.InotherBMWmodelstheoilsumpcan
bemadefromothermaterials;thisisalwaysdependentontheapplication.Thesedifferentmaterials
willnotbediscussedfurtherhere.

Arubber-metalgasketisusedinserviceapplications.Therepairinstructionsmustbefollowed.The
adhesivesealingbeadontheoilsumpmustnotberemoved

27

N13Engine.
2.EngineMechanics.

N13engine,frombelowwithoutoilsump

Index

Explanation

Oildeflector

Oilreturnduct

Intakesnorkel

Oilpressurecontrolvalve

Cableduct,crankcase

Oilpump

Cover,oilpumpsprocket

28

N13Engine.
2.EngineMechanics.
2.2.Crankshaftdrive
2.2.1.Crankshaftwithbearings
Crankshaft
ThecrankshaftoftheN13enginehasastrokeof85.8mmandismadeofthematerial38MSV5.Itisa
forgedcrankshaftwithfourlargeandfoursmallbalanceweights.

N13engine,crankshaft

Crankshaftbearings
Thecrankshaftissupportedbyfivebearings.Thethrustbearingislocatedinthemiddleatthethird
bearingposition.Thethrustbearingisonlydesignedfor180andislocatedinthebearingseat.The
bearinginthebearingcapdoesnotassumeanyaxialguidance.Lead-freetwo-materialbearingsare
used.Steelisusedasthecarrierlayer.Thealuminiumlinerisappliedtothecarrierlayer;thislineris
approx.150mthick.

N13engine,crankshaftbearings

29

N13Engine.
2.EngineMechanics.
Index

Explanation

Upperbearingshellwithgrooveandoilhole

Thrustbearing,bottom

Thrustwasherforthrustbearing

Theidentificationsforthebearingsareengravedintothecrankcaseandintothecrankshaft.Referto
therepairinstructionsifthecrankshaftistobefittedwithnewbearings.
Note:Thedesignationofthebearingpositionsintherepairinstructionsmaydifferfromthestandard
(bearingposition1isalwaysseatedoppositetheoutputend)
Thisproductinformationbulletinisbasedonthestandardforthepurposeofbearingdesignation.

N13engine,bearingidentification,crankshaft

Index

Explanation

Bearing5(clutchend)

Bearing4

Bearing3

Bearing2

Bearing1

30

N13Engine.
2.EngineMechanics.

N13engine,bearingidentification,crankcase

Index

Explanation

Bearing5(clutchend)

Bearing4

Bearing3

Bearing2

Bearing1

Thebearingoppositetheflywheelisclassifieddifferently,asthebearingpositionofthecrankshaft
isexpandedwhenthecentralboltistightened.Theinstallationclearanceatthisbearingpositionis
thereforealteredbythetighteningofthecentralboltandthenhasthedesignatedclearance.

BearingclassificationontheN13enginediffersfromthatfortheestablishedBMWengines.Thus,
therelevantbearingcoloursaredeterminedfromtablesintherepairinstructionsonthebasisofthe
identificationonthecrankshaftandtheengineblock.Afeatureofnoteisthatbearing1isdetermined
fromadifferenttable.Thisprocessrequiresaspecificprocedureandappropriatecare.

31

N13Engine.
2.EngineMechanics.
2.2.2.Connectingrodwithbearing
Connectingrod
TheconnectingrodoftheN13enginehasaninsidediameterof138.54.Afeatureofnoteisthe
groovesmachinedintothesmallconnectingrodeyewhichservetooptimisetheoilsupply.This
connectingroddesignhasalreadybeenusedintheN18engine.

N13engine,connectingrod

Bearings
Theconnectingrodbearingshellsarelead-freeindesign.Thereisonlyonebearingshellwhichis
usedattherodendandthecapend.
ThebearingshellsarecommonpartsoftheN18andN16engines.

32

N13Engine.
2.EngineMechanics.
2.2.3.Pistonwithpistonrings
AfullslipperskirtpistonmanufacturedbythecompanyMahleisused.Thepistondiameteris77mm.
Thefirstpistonringisasteel-nitridedplaincompressionring.Thesecondpistonringisastepped
compressionring.Theoilscraperringisasteelbandringwithspring,whichisalsoknownasaU-Flex
ring.
Thegudgeonpinaxisispositivelyoffsettothemajorthrustfaceby0.8mm.
ThepistonisdesignedforallBMWmodelswithacompressionratioof10.5:1.
Theinstallationpositionofthepistoncanbeeasilyidentifiedbymeansoftheasymmetricallayoutof
thepistonrecess.Aninstallationpositionarrowisfeaturedonthepiston.Thisarrowalwayspoints
oninstallationintheenginelongitudinaldirectionforwardstothebeltdrive.Itisnecessarytoinstall
thepistoninthecorrectposition,sinceotherwisevalvedamageorslipperwallbreakagemayquickly
ensue.Theresultwouldbetotalloss.

N13engine,piston

33

N13Engine.
2.EngineMechanics.

N13engine,pistonrings

Index

Explanation

Plaincompressionring

Steppedcompressionring

U-Flexring

Piston

2.3.Camshaftdrive
Thecamshaftdrivehasanestablisheddesign.Theoilpumpisdrivenviathesecondarychain.

34

N13Engine.
2.EngineMechanics.

N13engine,camshaftdrive

Index

Explanation

Chainguiderail

VANOSexhaustcamshaft

Chainguiderail

Crankshaftsprocket

Secondarychain

Oilpumpsprocket

Primarychain

Tensioningrail

Chaintensioner

10

VANOSintakecamshaft

35

N13Engine.
2.EngineMechanics.
2.4.Valvegear
2.4.1.Design

N13engine,valvegear

Index

Explanation

VANOS,exhaustside

Exhaustcamshaft

VANOS,intakeside

Intakecamshaft

Rollercamfollower

Intermediatelever

Gate

Torsionspring

Eccentricshaft

10

Valvetronicservomotor

36

N13Engine.
2.EngineMechanics.
Index

Explanation

11

Valvespring

12

Intakevalve

13

Hydraulicvalveclearancecompensatingelement

14

Exhaustvalve

15

Valvespring

16

Hydraulicvalveclearancecompensatingelement

17

Rollercamfollower

Therollercamfollowersontheintakesidearemadefromsheetmetalandsubdividedintofive
classes,Class1toClass5.Theintermediateleversarenowlikewisemadefromsheetmetaland
subdividedintosixclasses,Class00toClass05.
Camshafts
TheN13engineisfittedwiththebuilt-upcamshaftsfamiliarfromtheMININ12/N14andN16/N18
engines.Thecamshaftsaremanufacturedintheso-calledPrestaprocess.

N13engine,built-upcamshafts

37

N13Engine.
2.EngineMechanics.
Index

Explanation

FlangeforVANOSunit,intake

Cam

Pipe

Square

Camshaftsensorwheelwithtoothingforhigh-pressurepumpdrive

FlangeforVANOSunit,exhaust

Cam

Pipe

Square

10

Camshaftsensorwheelwithtoothingforvacuumpumpdrive

Timing

N13engine,timingdiagram

N43B20O0

N55B30M0

N13B16M0

Intakevalvedia./stemdia.

[mm]

31.4/6

32/5

29.7/5

Exhaustvalvedia./stemdia.

[mm]

28/6

28/6

26.2/5

Maximumvalvelift,intake/exhaust
valve

[mm]

9.9/9.7

9.9/9.7

9.0/9.0

VANOSadjustmentrange,intake

[crankshaft
degrees]

45

70

70

VANOSadjustmentrange,exhaust

[crankshaft
degrees]

45

55

60

38

N13Engine.
2.EngineMechanics.
Spread,intakecamshaft

[crankshaft
degrees]

12580

12050

12050

Spread,exhaustcamshaft

[crankshaft
degrees]

12580

11560

12262

Openingperiod,intakecamshaft

[crankshaft
degrees]

255

258

253

Openingperiod,exhaustcamshaft

[crankshaft
degrees]

271

261

252

Intakevalves
Theintakevalvesarecarry-overpartsfromtheMININ18engineandareofidenticalconstruction.The
intakevalveshaveastemdiameterof5mmandaremadefromsolidmaterial.Theintakevalveseatis
induction-hardened.
Exhaustvalves
Theexhaustvalvesarecarry-overpartsfromtheMININ14/N18engineandareofidentical
construction.Thehaveastemdiameterof5mm,arehollow-drilledandfilledwithsodium.The
exhaustvalveseatisarmoured(hardermaterial).
Valvesprings
ThespringsfortheintakeandexhaustvalvesareidenticalandhavealreadybeenusedintheMINI
N14/N18engine.

2.4.2.Valvetronic

TheValvetroniccomprisesfullyvariablevalveliftcontrolandvariablecamshaftcontrol(double
VANOS),whichmakestheclosingtimeoftheintakevalvesfreelyselectable.
Valveliftcontrolisperformedontheintakeside,whilecamshaftcontrolisperformedonboththe
intakeandexhaustsides.
Throttle-freeloadcontrolisonlypossibleif:

theliftoftheintakevalve

andcamshaftadjustmentoftheintakeandexhaustcamshaftsarevariablycontrollable.

Result:
Theopeningandclosingtimesandthustheopeningperiodandtheliftoftheintakevalvesarefreely
selectable.
VANOS
TheVANOSsystemhasbeencarriedoverfromtheMININ18engine.
39

N13Engine.
2.EngineMechanics.

N13engine,VANOSsolenoidvalveandnon-returnvalve

Index

Explanation

VANOSsolenoidvalve,intakeside

Non-returnvalve

40

N13Engine.
2.EngineMechanics.

N13engine,VANOSsolenoidvalveandnon-returnvalve

Index

Explanation

VANOSsolenoidvalve,exhaustside

Non-returnvalve

Valveliftcontrol
Ascanbeenseenfromthefollowinggraphic,valveliftcontrolwiththeValvetronicservomotoris
identicalintermsofdesigntothatoftheMININ18engine.Theeccentricshaftsensorisintegratedin
theValvetronicservomotor.
ThesystemusedisValvetronicIII,whichalreadyfeaturesintheMININ18andtheBMWN20andBMW
N55engines.

41

N13Engine.
2.EngineMechanics.

N13engine,cylinderhead

Index

Explanation

VANOSsolenoidvalve,exhaustside

VANOS,exhaustside

VANOS,intakeside

VANOSsolenoidvalve,intakeside

Spring

Gate

Intermediatelever

Partialringgear,eccentricshaft

Valvetronicservomotor

10

High-pressurepump

11

Minimumandmaximumstop,eccentricshaft

2.5.Beltdrive
ThebeltdriveconsistsofamainbeltdrivewithalternatorandA/Ccompressorandafrictiongear
auxiliarybeltdrivewiththecoolantpump.Themainbeltdriveisequippedwithabelttensioner;the
frictiongearauxiliarybeltdrive,onaccountofitsdesign,doesnotrequireabelttensioner.
42

N13Engine.
2.EngineMechanics.

N13engine,beltdrive

Index

Explanation

Beltpulley,crankshaft

Belt

Belttensioner

Beltpulley,alternator

Beltpulley,A/Ccompressor

Frictiongeardrive

Coolantpump

ThecoolantpumpoftheN13engineisdrivenbyafrictiongear.Whenthefrictiongearservodriveis
atzerocurrent,thefrictiongearispressedbyaspringinthedirectionofthecrankshaftbeltpulley
andthecoolantpump.Fordrivepurposesthecoolantpumphasafrictiongearwhichlookslikeabelt
pulleywithanattachedbelt.
Thebackofthebeltonthecrankshaftbeltpulleydrivesthefrictiongear.Thefrictiongearinturndrives
thecoolantpump.Thisdesignmeansthatthereisnoneedforasecondbeltdrive.Thespacecanbe
betterutilisedandthereforekeptshortandcompact.Becauseofthelowerlateralforcesactingonthe
coolantpumpshaft,thehousingofthecoolantpumpcanbemadeentirelyfromplastic.Thedesignof
theplastichousinghasapositiveeffectontheflowperformanceandthedeliveryrateofthecoolant
pump.
43

N13Engine.
3.OilSupply.
TheoilsupplyintheN13engineissimilartothatintheN55engine.However,verydifferent
componentsareusedtoimplementtheoilsupply.Oneofthebiggestdifferencesistheoilpump.A
map-controlledgear-typeoilpumpisusedintheN13engine.
ThespecialfeaturesoftheoilsupplyintheN13engineare:

Map-controlledgear-typeoilpump

Rawoilcooling(intheN13B16M0engineonly)

Oilpressuresensor(familiarfromtheN52TUengine).

3.1.Overview
Thefollowinggraphicsprovideanoverviewoftheoilsupplyandshowthehydrauliccircuitdiagram
andthedesignoftheoilpump.

44

N13Engine.
3.OilSupply.
3.1.1.Hydrauliccircuitdiagram

N13engine,hydrauliccircuitdiagram

45

N13Engine.
3.OilSupply.
Index

Explanation

Oilpumpwithoilsump

Crankcase

Cylinderhead

Oilfiltermodule

VANOSsolenoidvalve,exhaustcamshaft

VANOSsolenoidvalve,intakecamshaft

Strainer

Oilpump

Pressure-limitingvalve(coldstartvalve)

Non-returnvalve

Dischargevalve

Permanentbypass

Engineoil-to-coolantheatexchanger

Oilfilter

Filterbypassvalve

10

Oilpressuresensor

11

Oilspraynozzlesforpistoncrowncooling

12

Lubricationpoints,crankshaftandconnectingrods

13

Lubricationpoint,exhaustturbocharger

14

Oilpressurecontrolvalve

15

Non-returnvalve

16

Filter

17

VANOSsolenoidvalve

18

VANOSunit,intakecamshaft

19

VANOSunit,exhaustcamshaft

20

Hydraulicvalveclearancecompensation(HVCC),exhaustside

21

Lubricationpoints,bearings,exhaustcamshaft

22

Lubricationpoint,vacuumpump

23

Lubricationpoint,high-pressurepump

24

Lubricationpoint,bearing,intakecamshaft

25

Hydraulicvalveclearancecompensation(HVCC),intakeside

26

Chaintensioner,timingchain

Manyofthecomponentssuchastheintermediatelevers,rollercamfollowers,eccentricshaftand
theValvetronicservomotorarelubricatedbyoilsprayinthecylinderheadcomingfromthecamshaft
bearings.Therearethereforenooilspraylinesinthecylinderhead.
46

N13Engine.
3.OilSupply.
3.2.Oilpumpandpressurecontrol
Controlofthedeliveryrateofallthepumps,alsothoseintheoilsupply,playsacrucialroleaboveall
withtheBMWEfficientDynamicsstrategy.Essentially,engineersattempttodimensionapumpwith
regardtoitspowerinputassmallaspossibleinordertokeepenginelossesaslowaspossible.On
theotherhand,however,thepumpmustalsobedesignedinsuchawayastodelivertherelevant
mediumatsufficientvolumeandpressureunderallconceivablecircumstances.Aconventional,nonvariablepumpwouldthereforehavetobedesignedinaccordancewiththesecondstandpoint,i.e.
largeenoughtobeabletodeliversufficientamountsofthemediumatalltimes.However,thismeans
thatthepumpmaydeliverfartoomuchmediumoveralargeproportionofitsservicelifeandthereby
drawmoreenergythannecessaryfromthepowertrain.Forthisreason,moreandmorepumpsare
nowvariableindesignandtheircontrolisbecomingincreasinglymorefine-tuned.Inthecaseofthe
oilsupply,theconventionaloilpumpwasfollowedbyvolumetricflowcontrol,whichwassubsequently
extendedtoincludemapcontrol.
TheoilpumpoftheN13engineisderivedfromthegear-typeoilpump.Thisvolume-flow-controlled
oilpumpwasusedforthefirsttimeintheN12andN14enginesoftheMINI.Itwasexpandedintothe
map-controlledoilpumpintheN16andN18enginesoftheMINI.TheN13engineadoptsthisconcept
ofthemap-controlledoilpump,butisanewdevelopmentadaptedtothecompletesystem.

3.2.1.Oilpump
Theoilpumpisdrivenviaachainbythecrankshaft.Thegearratiooftheoilpumptothecrankshaft
isdependentonthenumberofteethontherespectivesprockets.Thecrankshafthasagearwith20
teethfordrivingthesecondarychain,thesprocketontheoilpumpshafthas18teeth.Thegearratiois
therefore20:18,i.e.1.11:1.Theoilpumpthereforerotates1.11timeswitheachcrankshaftrotation.
Fromtheintakesnorkel(8)theoilisroutedviathegears(3+4)fromtheoilpumpintotherawoilduct
(5)intheengineblockandtotheoilfilter.
Thenon-drivenoilpumpgear(4)canbeaxiallyshiftedinthispump,therebyvaryingthedeliveryrate.
Axialshiftingiseffectedbytheoilpressurefromthecleanoilductfromthemainoilduct,whichcanbe
variedbymeansofanoilpressurecontrolvalve.Theoperatingprincipleoftheoilpumpensuresthat
therequiredoilquantityineachcaseandtheoilpressurearesupplied.

47

N13Engine.
3.OilSupply.

N13engine,oilpump

Index

Explanation

Sprocket

Controlplunger

Gear,oilpump

Gear,oilpump

Rawoilduct

Compressionspring

48

N13Engine.
3.OilSupply.
Index

Explanation

Rawoilducttobedplate

Intakesnorkel

Oilpressurecontrolvalve

10

Steelball

11

Compressionspring

12

Opening

Maximumdelivery

N13engine,oilpumpmaximumdelivery

49

N13Engine.
3.OilSupply.
Index

Explanation

Gear,oilpump

Cleanoilduct,comingfrommainoilduct

Cleanoilduct

Pressure-limitingvalve

Oilducttorearendofcontrolplunger

Oilducttofrontendofcontrolplunger

Theoilpumpisheldinitsbasicsettingbythecompressionspringinthemaximumdeliveryposition.
Thispositioncanalsobeapproachedviatheoilpressurecontrolvalvefromtheminimumdelivery
activeposition.Forthispurposetheoilpressurecontrolvalveisswitchedinsuchawaythattheoilcan
flowoffviatheoilducttothefrontendofthecontrolplunger(6)throughtheoilpressurecontrolvalve
intotheoilsump.Withtheoilpressurecontrolvalveinthisposition,theoilpressureissimultaneously
routedfromthecleanoilducts(2+3)viathepressurecontrolvalveandviatheoilducttotherearend
ofthecontrolplunger(5).Thisoilpressurenowsupportsthespringandforcesthecontrolplungerinto
themaximumdeliveryposition.
Minimumdelivery
Iftheoilpressureisroutedviatheoilpressurecontrolvalvefromthecleanoilducts(2+3)totheoil
ducttothefrontendofthecontrolplunger(6),theoilforcesthecontrolplungeragainstthespring
andmovesitintheminimumdeliverydirection.Theoilpressurecontrolvalvesimultaneouslyopensa
connectionfromtherearendofthecontrolplungertodraintheoilintotheoilsump.

N13engine,oilpumpminimumdelivery

50

N13Engine.
3.OilSupply.
3.2.2.Pressurecontrol
Mapcontrol
Theoilpressurecontrolvalveenablestheoilpressuretobecontrolledtosuitthesituation.Theoil
deliveryquantitycanbeinfluencedaccordinglybytheDigitalEngineElectronics(DME)through
actuationoftheoilpressurecontrolvalve.
Theoilpressurecontrolvalveislocatedontheoilpumpontheleftsideoftheengineandengagesthe
oilductsintheoilpumptoincreaseorreducetheoildeliveryquantity.
Anoilpressuresensor,familiarfromtheN52TUengine,sensesthisandtransmitsthedatatothe
DME.TheDMEcanthussetanyoildeliveryquantitywiththeoilpressurecontrolvalve,sensewiththe
oilpressuresensor,andadjustinaccordancewiththecharacteristicmapstoredintheDME.
Thedeliveryquantityisdependentontheenginespeedandthepositionoftheoilpressurecontrol
valve.
Operatingstate

Oilpressure

Engineatoperatingtemperatureandidle

min.0.7bar

Engineatoperatingtemperature,controlpressureat3000rpm

1.156.45bar

Explanation

Deliveryquantity

Engineatidleat700rpm,110C

approx.611l/min

Engineatmaximumspeed6500rpm,110C

approx.2333l/min

Explanation

Data

Supplyvoltage

12V

Activationsignal

200256Hz

Resistance

10.510%

N13engine,oilpressurecontrolvalve

Thecontrolplungerintheoilpressurecontrolvalveisshapedinsuchawayastointegrateanlimphome-modefunction.Ifthecableisdamagedorcutthrough,oilpressurecontrolcontinuestofunction
subjecttolimitations.Theexecutionofthisfunctionisshowninthefollowinggraphics.Thearrows
representthedirectionoftheoilflow.
51

N13Engine.
3.OilSupply.
Thecontrolplungerintheoilpressurecontrolvalvehasalargerdiameteratthespringendthanatthe
solenoidvalveend.Astheoilpressureincreases,sotootheforceactingagainstthespringincreases
toforcethecontrolplungerinthevalveagainstthespring.Theoilductfromthecleanoilductto
thefrontendoftheoilpumpcontrolplungerisopenedtoallowtheoiltomovetheoilpumpcontrol
plungerintheminimumdeliverydirection.Atthesametimethecontrolplungerintheoilpressure
controlvalveopenstheoilductfromtherearendofthecontrolplungertotheoilsump.Theoilatthe
rearendofthecontrolplungercannowflowbacktotheoilsump.

N13engine,oilpressurecontrolvalve

Index

Explanation

Reducedeliveryquantity

Holddeliveryquantity

Increasedeliveryquantity

Oilducttorearendofcontrolplungerinoilpump

52

N13Engine.
3.OilSupply.
Index

Explanation

Cleanoilduct

Oilducttofrontendofcontrolplungerinoilpump

Controlplunger,oilpressurecontrolvalve

Housing,oilpressurecontrolvalve

3.2.3.Pressure-limitingvalve
Additionallyavailabletocontroltheoilpumpisapressure-limitingvalve,whichisoftenalsoknownasa
cold-startvalve.
Thepressure-limitingvalveislocatedasthefirstcomponentafterthepumpintheoilpumphousing
andintheoilcircuit.Itopensatapressureofroughly10to13baranddischargestheoildirectlyinto
theoilsump.Thisisnecessaryaboveallatlowtemperaturesandwhentheoilisviscous.Inthese
situationsthepressure-limitingvalvepreventsdamagetocomponents,inparticulartotheoilfilter
moduleanditsseals.Thisisrelevantaboveallattemperaturesofbelow-20C,sincemapcontrolis
alreadyactiveabovethistemperature.
Thepressureintherawoilduct(5)forcesthesteelball(10)againstthespring(11).Ifthepressure
risesabove10to13bar,thesteelballisliftedoffitsseatandtheoilcanflowsthroughtheopening
(12)directlyintotheoilsump.

53

N13Engine.
3.OilSupply.

N13engine,oilpump

Index

Explanation

Sprocket

Controlplunger

Gear,oilpump

Gear,oilpump

Rawoilduct

Compressionspring

54

N13Engine.
3.OilSupply.
Index

Explanation

Rawoilducttobedplate

Intakesnorkel

Oilpressurecontrolvalve

10

Steelball

11

Compressionspring

12

Opening

3.3.Coolingandfiltering
TheN13enginehasanaluminiumoilfilterhousing,towhichtheengineoil-to-coolantheatexchanger
isdirectlymounted.Thisentireunitisknownastheoilfiltermodule.

N13engine,oilfiltermodule

55

N13Engine.
3.OilSupply.
Index

Explanation

Oilfiltercoverwithoilfilterbypassvalve

Oilfilterhousing

Engineoil-to-coolantheatexchanger

Coolantsupplytooilfiltermodule

Oilreturnfromexhaustturbocharger

Coolantdischargefromoilfiltermodule

Oilreturn(filterrenewal)

Cleanoilduct

Rawoilductfromoilpump

3.3.1.Cooling
IntheN13B16M0enginetheengineoil-to-coolantheatexchangerislocatedintheoilcircuitaheadof
theoilfilter.Thisarrangementisknownasrawoilcoolingandhasitsrootsinthelead-freecrankshaft
andconnectingrodbearings.Becausetheseareextremelysensitivetodirtparticles,thisarrangement
bringstheoilfilterevenclosertojustbeforethebearingpositions.Thereisnoengineoil-to-coolant
heatexchangerintheN13B16U0engine.
Permanentbypass
TheN13enginedoesnothaveaheatexchangerbypassvalve.Instead,liketheN55engine,ithasa
so-calledpermanentbypass.Thisisapermanentlyopenbypassaroundtheengineoil-to-coolantheat
exchanger.Thebypassincorporatesaflowrestrictortoensurethatthemajorityoftheoilnevertheless
flowsthroughtheengineoil-to-coolantheatexchanger.

3.3.2.Filtering
Apaperoilfilterelementisused.ThedesignisfamiliarfromtheBMWengines.
Anon-returnvalveisintegratedintherawoilductoftheoilfilterhousingtopreventtheoilfilter
housingfromrunningdrywhentheengineisswitchedoff.Thisnon-returnvalveopensatanoil
pressureofmax.0.15bar.
NaturallytheN13enginehasafilterbypassvalvewhichcanopenabypassroundthefilterif,for
example,theengineoiliscoldandviscous.Thisarisesifthepressuredifferencebeforeandafterthe
filterexceeds2.50.5bar.Thepermissiblepressuredifferencehasbeenincreasedfrom2.0to2.5bar
inordertoprotectthelead-freecrankshaftandconnectingrodbearings.Thisensuresthatthefilteris
bypassedmuchlessfrequentlyandanydirtparticlesarereliablyfilteredout.
Thefamiliarsystemisalsousedforfilterrenewal.Thus,apistonrodispulledupwardsduringfilter
renewal,openingaconnectingbetweentherawoilduct,thecleanoilductandtheoilreturnduct,and
allowingtheengineoiltoflowfromthefilterhousingbackintotheoilsump.

56

N13Engine.
3.OilSupply.
3.4.Monitoring
3.4.1.Oilpressuresensor

N13engine,oilpressuresensor

TheoilpressuresensorfamiliarfromtheN52TUengineandtheN55engineisused.Thepressure
signalisrequiredformapcontroloftheoilpump.
Thesensorisseatedontheoilfilterhousingintheoilductaftertheoilfilter(mainoilduct)andis
subjectedtotheprevailingoilpressurethere.ThesensorissuppliedbytheDMEwithground(earth)
andavoltageof5V.AvoltagesignalissentviaadatalinetotheDME,whichinturnevaluatesthe
signal.Theoilpressuresensorcansenseanoilpressureof50kPa(0.5bar)to1050kPa(10.5bar).At
50kPatheoutputvoltageisapprox.0.5V,at1050kPaapprox.4.6V.

3.4.2.Oillevelmonitoring
Permanentoillevelmonitoringisnotused.Theengineoillevelcanonlybecheckedusingtheoil
dipstick.Forfurtherinformation,pleaserefertotheOwner'sHandbook.

3.5.Oilspraynozzles
IntheN13enginetoo,somecomponentswhichcannotbereacheddirectlybyanoilductare
lubricatedand/orcooledbyoilspraynozzles.

3.5.1.Pistoncrowncooling
Theoilspraynozzlesforpistoncrowncooling,asusedintheN13engine,areinprinciplefamiliarfrom
theMININ14engine.Theyincorporateanon-returnvalvetoenablethemtoopenandcloseonlyfrom
aspecificoilpressure.
Aswellascoolingthepistoncrowns,theyarealsoresponsibleforlubricatingthegudgeonpins,which
iswhyitisveryimportantforthemtobealigned.Forthisreasontheoilspraynozzlesarepositionedin
thecrankcaseinsuchawaythattheyarealignedautomaticallyandwithouttheneedforspecialtools.
Amilledchamferonthecrankcasefacilitatesthisalignment.
Openingpressure

2.22.8bar

Closingpressure

2.0bar

57

N13Engine.
3.OilSupply.
3.5.2.Timingchainlubrication
Thetimingchainislubricatedbyanoilspraynozzlelocatedinthechaintensioner.Thereisanopening
inthetensioningrailthroughwhichtheoilcanbesprayedforthispurpose.

N13engine,chaintensionerwithoilspraynozzlefortimingchain

58

N13Engine.
4.Cooling.
IntheN13B16M0engineanengineoil-to-coolantheatexchangerisusedtocooltheengineoil.The
N13B16U0enginedoesnothaveanengineoil-to-coolantheatexchanger.Thecoolingsystemis
controlled(e.g.frictiongearservodrive,mapthermostatandelectricfan)bytheheatmanagement
coordinatorintheDME.
Thecoolingmoduleitselfonlycomesinonevariant.Theelectricfanhasanominalpowerof300W.

4.1.Overview

N13engine,coolingcircuit

59

N13Engine.
4.Cooling.
Index

Explanation

Radiator

Radiator,lowtemperaturerange

Electricfan

Auxiliarywaterpump

Heaterformapthermostat

Mapthermostat

Coolantpump

Coolanttemperaturesensor

Heatexchanger

10

Engineoil-to-coolantheatexchanger

11

Exhaustturbocharger

12

Expansiontank

13

Tankventilationline

14

Transmissionoil-to-coolantheatexchanger

15

Thermostatfortransmissionoil

Thefollowinggraphicsshowtheinstallationlocationsandlayoutofthecomponents.

60

N13Engine.
4.Cooling.

N13engine,coolingsystemcomponentsfromrear(hereBMWF20118iwithmanualgearbox)

Index

Explanation

Heatexchanger

Return,heatermatrix

Feed,heatermatrix

Feed,exhaustturbochargercooling

Return,exhaustturbochargercooling

Connection,return,heatermatrix

Expansiontank

Tankventilationline
61

N13Engine.
4.Cooling.
Index

Explanation

Radiator

10

Connectionforcoolant-to-gearboxoilheatexchanger

11

Electricauxiliarywaterpump

12

Coolantpump

13

Mapthermostat

14

Coolanttemperaturesensor

N13engine,coolingsystemcomponentsonenginefromfront(hereBMWF20118iwithmanualgearbox)

Index

Explanation

Heatexchanger

Return,heatermatrix

Feed,heatermatrix

Feed,exhaustturbochargercooling

Return,exhaustturbochargercooling

Connection,return,heatermatrix

Expansiontank

Tankventilationline

62

N13Engine.
4.Cooling.
Index

Explanation

Radiator

10

Connectionforgearboxoil-to-coolantheatexchanger

11

Electricauxiliarywaterpump

12

Coolantpump

13

Mapthermostat

14

Coolanttemperaturesensor

4.2.Heatmanagement
TheN13enginefeaturesaheatmanagementfunctionintheDME.Theheatmanagementfunction
hasbeennewlydevelopedinitsentiretyfortheN13anddifferssignificantlyfromtheestablished
function.Thiscomprisesindependentcontroloftheelectriccoolingcomponentsofelectricfan,map
thermostatand(withlimitations)coolantpump.Whatisnewtothisfunctionisthattheauxiliarywater
pump,whichisrequiredtocooltheexhaustturbocharger,aloneensuresthatcoolingismaintainedin
certainoperatingranges.

4.2.1.Frictiongearservodrive
IntheN13enginethecoolantpumpisdrivenbyafrictiongear.

63

N13Engine.
4.Cooling.

N13engine,frictiongearservodrive-explodedview

Index

Explanation

Mountingbolt

Housingshell

Servicehandle

Serviceband

Spring

Eccentricelement

Pullarm

Housingshell

Electricmotor

10

Contactwithplugconnection

64

N13Engine.
4.Cooling.

N13engine,frictiongearservodrive-explodedview

Toremovethebelt,theuserpullsontheservicehandleandhangsthetabonthehousingshellfroma
designatedhook.

4.2.2.Mapthermostat
TheN13engineisfittedwithaconventionalmapthermostatwhichhasthefollowingtechnicaldatain
non-electricallycontrolledmode:
Settingofmapthermostat

Coolanttemperature

Startstoopen

972C

Fullyopen

109C

Inaddition,anelectricheaterinthemapthermostatcanbeusedtomakethethermostatopenalready
atalowercoolanttemperature.

4.2.3.Heatmanagementfunction
Theheatmanagementdeterminesthecurrentcoolingrequirementandcontrolsthecoolingsystem
accordingly.Incertainoperatingstatesthecoolantpumpisshutdownentirely,forexampleinorderto
heatthecoolantmorequicklyinthewarm-upphase.Theauxiliarywaterpump,whichisresponsible
forcoolingtheexhaustturbocharger,canalsobeswitchedonandoff.Thecoolingoutputcan
thereforeberequestedindependentlyoftheenginespeed.Theheatmanagementfunctionisable
toactivateanddeactivateboththemechanicalcoolantpumpandtheelectricauxiliarywaterpumpto
suitdemand,andtoregulatethemapthermostataccordingly.Theenginemanagementisthusable
toadaptthecoolanttemperaturetothedrivingsituation.Afurtherreductioninconsumptionhasbeen
achievedbytheimplementationofthesemeasures.
65

N13Engine.
4.Cooling.
Thefollowingtemperaturerangesareadjustedbytheenginemanagement:

109C=Economyoperation

106C=Normaloperation

80C=Highoperationandcurrentsupplytothemapthermostat.

IftheenginecontrolunitidentifiestheEconomyoperatingrangeonthebasisofrunning
performance,theenginemanagementadjuststoahighertemperature(109C).Inthistemperature
rangetheengineistobeoperatedwitharelativelylowfuelrequirement.Internalenginefriction
isreducedathighertemperature.Thetemperatureincreasethereforefavoursthelowerfuel
consumptioninthelowloadrange.InHighandcurrentsupplytothemapthermostatoperation
thedriverwouldliketoutilisetheengine'soptimumpowerdevelopment.Thetemperatureinthe
cylinderheadisreducedto80Cforthispurpose.Thisreductionimprovesvolumetricefficiency,
whichresultsinanenginetorqueincrease.Theenginecontrolunitcannow,adaptedtotherelevant
drivingsituation,adjustaspecificoperatingrange.Itisthereforepossibletoinfluenceconsumption
andpoweroutputviathecoolingsystem.
Systemprotection
Ifthecoolantorengineoilissubjecttoexcessivetemperaturesduringengineoperation,certain
functionsinthevehicleareinfluencedinsuchawaythatmoreenergyismadeavailableforengine
cooling.
Themeasuresaresplitintotwooperatingmodes:

Componentprotection
Coolanttemperaturefrom117C
-

Engineoiltemperaturefrom143Cattheoilpressureandoiltemperaturesensorinthe
mainoilduct

Measure:e.g.powerreductionofpassengercompartmentclimatecontrolandofengine

Emergency
Coolanttemperaturefrom122C
-

Engineoiltemperaturefrom151Cattheoilpressureandoiltemperaturesensorinthe
mainoilduct

Measure:e.g.powerreductionofengine(uptoapprox.90%).

Example
Nocoolantpumpisrunningwhentheengineisstartedat20C.Theauxiliarywaterpumpisswitched
onwhentheenginereachesatemperatureof30C.Itisonlynecessarytoactivatethecoolantpump
fromacoolanttemperatureofapprox.90C.Theheatmanagementmonitorstheenginecoolant
temperatureandpowerrequirementandactivatesthecomponentsaccordingly.Itisthereforenot
possibletosaypreciselywhetherandwhenwhichcoolantpumpmustberunning.
Warm-upphase
Consideringthecoolingcircuitinthewarm-upphase,coolanttemperature<105C
66

N13Engine.
4.Cooling.

Coolantpumpoff

Auxiliarywaterpumpon.

N13engine,coolingcircuitinthewarm-upphase

Index

Explanation

Radiator

Radiator,lowtemperaturerange

Electricfan

Auxiliarywaterpump

Heaterformapthermostat

Mapthermostat

Coolantpump

Coolanttemperaturesensor
67

N13Engine.
4.Cooling.
Index

Explanation

Heatexchanger

10

Engineoil-to-coolantheatexchanger

11

Exhaustturbocharger

12

Expansiontank

13

Tankventilationline

14

Transmissionoil-to-coolantheatexchanger

15

Thermostatfortransmissionoil

Atoperatingtemperature
Consideringthecoolingcircuitatoperatingtemperature,coolanttemperature>105C

68

Coolantpumpon

Auxiliarywaterpumpoff.

N13Engine.
4.Cooling.

N13engine,coolingcircuitinthewarm-upphase

Index

Explanation

Radiator

Radiator,lowtemperaturerange

Electricfan

Auxiliarywaterpump

Heaterformapthermostat

Mapthermostat

Coolantpump

Coolanttemperaturesensor

Heatexchanger

10

Engineoil-to-coolantheatexchanger
69

N13Engine.
4.Cooling.
Index

Explanation

11

Exhaustturbocharger

12

Expansiontank

13

Tankventilationline

14

Transmissionoil-to-coolantheatexchanger

15

Thermostatfortransmissionoil

70

N13Engine.
5.AirIntake/ExhaustEmissionSyst.
TheairintakeandexhaustemissionsystemsareinprinciplecomparablewiththoseintheN55engine.
Thelistbelowitemisesthemostimportantfeaturesoftheairintakeandexhaustemissionsystems:

Permanentlyattachedintakesilencer

Hotfilmairmassmeter7inallengineversions

TwinScrollexhaustturbochargerwithintegratedwastegateandblow-offvalves

Threeconnectionsforcrankcaseventilation

Connectionfortankventilation.

5.1.Overview

N13engine,airintakeandexhaustemissionsystems

Index

Explanation

Chargeaircooler

Blow-offvalve

Intakesilencer

Hotfilmairmassmeter
71

N13Engine.
5.AirIntake/ExhaustEmissionSyst.
Index

Explanation

Exhaustturbocharger

Wastegatevalve

Oxygensensorbeforecatalyticconverter(controlsensor)

Catalyticconverter

Oxygensensoraftercatalyticconverter(monitoringsensor)

10

DME

11

Intakemanifoldpressuresensor

12

Throttlevalve

13

Charge-airtemperatureandcharge-airpressuresensor

14

Tankventvalve

72

N13Engine.
5.AirIntake/ExhaustEmissionSyst.
5.2.Airintakesystem

N13engine,airintakesystem

Index

Explanation

Resonatoronhotfilmairmassmeterhousing

Resonatoronairfilterhousing

Unfilteredairintake

Intakesilencer

Hotfilmairmassmeter

Crankcaseventilation(turbochargedmode)

Purgeairline

Exhaustturbocharger
73

N13Engine.
5.AirIntake/ExhaustEmissionSyst.
Index

Explanation

Blow-offvalve

Chargeairpipe

Chargeaircooler

10

Chargeairpipe

11

Charge-airtemperatureandcharge-airpressuresensor

12

Throttlevalve

13

Intakemanifoldpressuresensor

14

Intakemanifold

5.2.1.Hotfilmairmassmeter
TheN13engineisfittedwiththehotfilmairmassmeter7,whichisverysimilartotheoneinthe
N74engine.TheN13enginehasahotfilmairmassmeterinallitsversions,asisstate-of-the-art
technologyinTVDIengines.
Itcangenerallybesaidthatthequalityofairmassdeterminationbymeasurementusingahotfilmair
massmeterandbycalculationofthesubstitutevalue(ofintakeairtemperature,chargingpressure,
enginespeed,etc.)istobeconsideredasequalinthecurrentstateofdevelopment.Thecalculated
substitutevalueisneverthelessusedforengineloadcontrol.Thisvalueishoweverregularlyadjusted
withthevalueofthehotfilmairmassmeterinordertocompensatefortoleranceswhichariseon
accountofthecomplexflowmechanicsconditionsintheairintakesystem.Themoresophisticatethe
mixturepreparationmethod(Turbo-ValvetronicDirectfuelInjection-TVDI),themoreimportantitisto
adjustthesubstitutevaluewiththehotfilmairmassmeter.TVDIiscurrentlythemostsophisticated
mixturepreparationmethod.Forthisreason,allTVDIenginesarealsoequippedwithahotfilmair
massmeter.
Theuseofahot-filmairmassmeteralsoofferstheopportunityofextendeddiagnoses,e.g.fortankor
crankcaseventilation,asthesesystemscreateadeviationintheairmass.Thisisparticularlyimportant
fortheUSversion,asitisrequiredbyUSexhaustemissionslegislation.

Failureordisconnectionofthehotfilmairmassmeterdoesnotimmediatelyresultinemergency
engineoperation.However,impairedmixturepreparationandthereforepooreremissionvaluesare
possible,whichiswhytheemissionswarninglamplightsup.

5.2.2.Intakemanifold
Theintakemanifoldisverysimpleindesign(onaccountoftheturbochargingarrangement)andis
largelycomparabletothatoftheN20engine.

74

N13Engine.
5.AirIntake/ExhaustEmissionSyst.

N13engine,intakemanifoldwiththrottlevalve

Index

Explanation

Intakemanifold

Throttlevalve

Intakemanifoldpressuresensor

Tankventilationconnection

Notinuse

Crankcaseventilationconnectioninnaturallyaspiratedmode

Intakemanifoldpressuresensor
Locateddirectlyafterthethrottlevalve,attheentrytotheintakemanifold,istheintakemanifold
pressuresensor.Thesensorcansensepressuresrangingbetween0kPaand250kPa(0barand2.5
bar).ThesensorhasthreeconnectionsandissuppliedbytheDMEwithground(earth)andavoltage
of5V.AvoltagesignalisoutputviathethirdconnectionandadatalinetotheDME.0.5Vcorresponds
to20kPa(0.2bar)and4.5Vto250kPa(2.5bar).
Charge-airtemperatureandcharge-airpressuresensor
Thecharge-airtemperatureandcharge-airpressuresensorislocatedinthechargeairpipeahead
ofthethrottlevalve.Thesensorhasfourconnectionsandliketheintakemanifoldpressuresensor
issuppliedbytheDMEwithground(earth)andavoltageof5V.Thepressureandthetemperature
75

N13Engine.
5.AirIntake/ExhaustEmissionSyst.
oftheintakeairaretransmittedviaaconnectionandafurtherconnectionrespectivelytotheDME.
Thepressuresignalistransmittedinthesamewayasintheintakemanifoldpressuresensor.The
temperaturesignalistransmittedinthesameway.AnNTCthermistoraltersthevoltagesignal,by
meansofwhichtheDMEsensesthecharge-airtemperature.Atanairtemperatureof25Cthe
resistanceisapprox.2063,at100Capprox.186.

5.3.Exhaustturbocharger
TheN13enginefeaturesanexhaustturbochargerwithTwinScrolltechnology.Itincludesatthe
turbineinlettwoseparateductsinwhichtheexhaustgasisroutedfromtwocylinderstotheturbine
vanes.

N13engine,exhaustturbocharger

Index

Explanation

Inletfromintakesilencer

Blow-offvalve

Coolantfeed

Coolantreturn

Oilreturn

76

N13Engine.
5.AirIntake/ExhaustEmissionSyst.
Index

Explanation

Turbinehousing

Outlettocatalyticconverter

Wastegatevalve

Exhaustports,cylinders2and3

10

Exhaustports,cylinders1and4

11

Vacuumunitforwastegatevalve

12

Outlettochargeaircooler

Theexhaustturbochargerhasafamiliardesignwithanelectricblow-offvalveandavacuum-controlled
wastegatevalve.

5.4.Exhaustemissionsystem
5.4.1.Exhaustmanifold
TheexhaustmanifoldoftheN13hasaunitarydesign.TheexhaustmanifoldintheN13engineisa
four-into-twotype,whichisnecessaryforthespecialfunctionoftheTwinScrollturbocharger.Herethe
exhaustportsofcylinders1and4and2and3arebroughttogetherineachcaseintooneport.
Itconsistsofthreeindividualunitswhichareweldedtoeachother.Themiddleunitformsonepartof
allfourexhaustports,oneouterunitformstheotherpartofexhaustports2and3,andtheotherouter
unitformsonepartofexhaustports1and4.

N13engine,unitary-designexhaustmanifold

5.4.2.Catalyticconverter
TheN13enginehasanupstreamsingle-scrollcatalyticconverterwithtwoceramicmonoliths.
77

N13Engine.
5.AirIntake/ExhaustEmissionSyst.

N13engineinBMW118i,sectionalviewofcatalyticconverter

Index

Explanation

Connection,exhaustturbocharger

Controlsensor

Ceramicmonolith1

Ceramicmonolith2

Monitoringsensor

Decouplingelement

Connectiontoexhaustsystem
Volume
in[litres]

Diameter
in[mm]

Numberofcells
in[cells/inch]

Ceramicmonolith1

0.80

110

600

Ceramicmonolith2

0.86

110

400

Oxygensensors
TheestablishedBoschoxygensensorsareused:

78

Controlsensor:LSUADV

Monitoringsensor:LSF4.2.

N13Engine.
5.AirIntake/ExhaustEmissionSyst.
Thecontrolsensorislocatedaheadoftheprimarycatalyticconverter,ascloseaspossibletothe
turbineoutlet.Itspositionhasbeenchosensothatallthecylinderscanberecordedseparately.The
monitoringsensorispositionedafterthesecondceramicmonolith.

79

N13Engine.
6.VacuumSystem.
ThevacuumsystemoftheN13engineiscomparablewiththatoftheN55engine.Aswellassupplying
thebrakeservo,itisneededprimarilytoactivatethewastegatevalveontheexhaustturbocharger.

N13engine,vacuumsystem

Index

Explanation

Connection,brakeservo

Vacuumline

Vacuumreservoir

Vacuumunit,wastegatevalve

Electropneumaticpressureconverterforwastegatevalve

Non-returnvalve

Vacuumpump

Thevacuumpumpasusualisdesignedtohavetwostagessothatthemajorityofthegenerated
vacuumismadeavailabletothebrakeservo.Avacuumreservoirisusedtoprovidesufficientvacuum
foractuatingthewastegatevalve.Thisreservoirispermanentlyattachedtotheenginecover.

Disconnectthevacuumlinebeforeremovingtheenginecover,asotherwisethereisariskofdamage.

80

N13Engine.
7.FuelPreparation.
TheN13enginemakesuseofhigh-pressureinjection,whichwasintroducedintheN55engine.It
differsfromhigh-precisioninjection(HPI)inthatitusessolenoidvalveinjectorswithmultiholenozzles.
High-pressureinjectionissimilartotheN74engineandisoperatedinwiderangesintheN13engine
with120barinjectionpressure.

7.1.Overview
ThefollowingoverviewshowsthefuelpreparationsystemoftheN13engine.Itessentially
correspondstothesystemswithdirectfuelinjectionfamiliarinBMWmodels.

N13engine,fuelpreparation

Index

Explanation

High-pressurepump

Connection,low-pressureline

Connection,quantitycontrolvalve

High-pressureline,high-pressurepump-rail

Rail

Railpressuresensor

Solenoidvalveinjector

Boschhigh-pressurefuelinjectorswiththedesignationHDEV5.1areused.Thesefuelinjectorsare
afurtherdevelopmentofthefuelinjectorsalreadyfamiliarfromtheN73engine.TheN14andN18
enginesintheMINIalsohavethesefuelinjectors.Thehigh-pressurepumpisalreadyknownfromthe
4-,8-and12-cylinderengines.

81

N13Engine.
7.FuelPreparation.
AnotherfeatureofnotewhencomparedwithestablishedBMWsystemsistheomissionofthefuel
low-pressuresensor.

Workonthefuelsystemisonlypermittedaftertheenginehascooleddownandthebatteryhasbeen
disconnected.Thecoolanttemperaturemustnotexceed40C.Thisstipulationmustbeobserved
withoutfail,asotherwisethereisariskoffuelbeingsprayedbackonaccountoftheresidualpressure
inthehigh-pressurefuelsystem.Afullfaceguardandprotectiveglovesmustbewornforprotection
purposes.
Whenworkingonthehigh-pressurefuelsystem,itisessentialtoadheretoconditionsofabsolute
cleanlinessandtoobservetheworksequencesdescribedintherepairinstructions.Eventheslightest
contaminationanddamagetothescrewedfittingsofthehigh-pressurelinescancauseleaks.

Nodirtparticlesorforeignbodiesareallowedtogetintothesystem

Removealldirtcontaminationbeforeremovinglinesandseparatecomponents

Useonlyfluff-freecloths

Sealoffallfuelsystemopeningswithprotectivecapsandplugs.

7.2.Fuelpumpcontrol
Asalreadymentioned,thereisnofuellow-pressuresensorintheN13engine.Thefuelpumpis
suppliedwithvoltagebyarelayandalwaysrunsduringoperationatmaximumdelivery.Thereisnofuel
quantitycontrol.

7.3.High-pressurepump
TheBoschhigh-pressurepump,alreadyfamiliarfromtheN43,N63andN74engines,isused.Thisisa
single-plungerpumpwhichisdrivenfromtheintakecamshaftviaatriplecam.
Forfurtherinformationonthehigh-pressurepump,pleaserefertotheN74Engineproduct
informationbulletin.

7.4.Injectors
TheBoschHDEV5.1solenoidvalveinjectorisaninward-openingmultiholevalveunliketheoutwardopeningpiezoinjectorusedinHPIengines.TheHDEV5.1tooischaracterisedbyhighvariabilitywith
regardtosprayangleandsprayshape,andisconfiguredforasystempressureofupto200bar.

82

N13Engine.
7.FuelPreparation.

N13engine,injector

Index

Explanation

Sealingring

Fine-meshstrainer

Electricalconnection

Spring

Solenoidcoil

Housing

Nozzleneedlewitharmature

Teflonring

Valveseat

10

Valveoutletbores

83

N13Engine.
7.FuelPreparation.
Theinjectorislocatedonthesideofthecylinderandprojectsintothecombustionchamber.Inthe
courseoffullysequentialfuelinjectioneachinjectorisactivatedbytheDMEviaitsownoutputstage.
Here,themomentofinjectionoftherespectivecylinderisadaptedtotheoperatingstate(engine
speed,loadandenginetemperature).
Thehigherpressuresarenecessary,asthefuelquantityrequiredforcombustionmustbeinjectedina
muchshorterperiodoftime.
Thesolenoidcoil(5),throughwhichcurrentpasses,generatesamagneticfield.Thisliftsthenozzle
needlewitharmature(7)againstthepressureofthespring(4)offthevalveseat(9)andopensthe
valveoutletbores(10).Fuelisnowforcedintothecombustionchamberasaresultofthepressure
differencebetweenrailpressureandcombustionchamberpressure.Whenthecurrentisswitchedoff,
thenozzleneedleispressedbythespring(4)intothevalveseatandinterruptsthefuelflow.
Theinjectedfuelquantityisthusdependentontherailpressure,thecounterpressureinthe
combustionchamberandtheopeningperiodoftheinjector.Thefuelisinjectedfaster,moreaccurately
andwithabetterfuelsprayshapethanisthecasewithmanifold(intakepipe)injection.
Theincomingvehiclevoltageistransformedupwardsto85to100Vbytheuseofaclockedoutput
stagewithhigh-powercapacitors.
Acurrentflowsintheoutputstageuptoaspecificcutoffvalue.Thecutoffgeneratesaninduction
voltage,e.g.85V,whichthenchargesthehigh-powercapacitors(boosterfunction).
Theinjectorsaresuppliedbythecapacitorcurrentwithacurrentlevelof2.8to16A.TheDME
activatestheinjectorsattheground(earth)end.

84

N13Engine.
8.FuelSupply.
Thefuelsupplyisvehicle-specific.Hardlyanychangeshavebeenmadetothealreadyexisting
models.Thereforeonlythetankventilationsystemontheenginewillbedescribedingreaterdetail
here.Forthelayoutofthefuelsupply,pleaserefertotheF20Powertrainproductinformation
bulletin.

8.1.Tankventilation
ThetankventilationsystemintheN13enginehasafamiliardesign.Itfeaturesanelectricaltankvent
valveandaconnectionforthepurgeairlinetotheintakemanifold,directlyafterthethrottlevalve.

N13engine,tankventilation

Index

Explanation

Intakemanifold

Tankventvalve

Linefromcarboncanisteroftankventilationsystem

Connectionoftankventilationafterthrottlevalve

Throttlevalve
85

N13Engine.
9.EngineElectricalSystem.
9.1.Overview

N13engine,systemwiringdiagramMEVD17.2.5

86

N13Engine.
9.EngineElectricalSystem.
Index

Explanation

EngineelectronicsValvetronicdirectinjectionMEVD17.2.5

Ambientpressuresensor

Temperaturesensor

DynamicStabilityControl(DSC)

IntegratedChassisManagement(ICM)

FrontElectronicModule(FEM)

Intelligentbatterysensor(IBS)

CrashSafetyModule(ACSM)

Airconditioningcompressor

10

Refrigerantpressuresensor

11

Brakelightswitch

12

Startermotor

13

Clutchmodule

14

Relay,Valvetronic

15

Relay,terminal30B,powerdistributionbox,rear

16

Relay,terminal30B,powerdistributionbox,front

17

DMEmainrelay

18

Relay,ignitionandinjectors

19

Relayforelectricfan

20

Electricfan

21

Relay,electricfuelpump

22

Electricfuelpump

23

Mapthermostat

24

Blow-offvalve

25

Tankventvalve

26

VANOSsolenoidactuator,intakecamshaft

27

VANOSsolenoidactuator,exhaustcamshaft

28

Frictiongearservodrive

29

Auxiliarywaterpump

30

Oilpressurecontrolvalve

31

Electropneumaticpressureconverterforwastegatevalve

32

Quantitycontrolvalve

3336

Injectors

3740

Ignitioncoils

41

Ground(earth)connections
87

N13Engine.
9.EngineElectricalSystem.
Index

Explanation

42

Brakevacuumsensor(onlyforautomaticenginestart-stopwithmanual
gearbox)

43

Zero-gearsensor(onlyforautomaticenginestart-stopwithmanualgearbox)

44

Diagnosticsocket(speedsignal)

45

Oxygensensoraftercatalyticconverter(monitoringsensor,LSF4.2)

46

Oxygensensorbeforecatalyticconverter(controlsensor,LSUADV)

47

Intakemanifoldpressuresensor

48

Railpressuresensor

49

Charge-airtemperatureandcharge-airpressuresensor

50

Knocksensor

51

Hotfilmairmassmeter

52

Camshaftsensor,intakecamshaft

53

Camshaftsensor,exhaustcamshaft

54

Crankshaftsensor

55

Acceleratorpedalmodule

56

Throttlevalve

57

Coolanttemperaturesensor

58

Oilpressuresensor

59

Valvetronicservomotor

60

DC/DCconverter

61

Alternator

9.2.Enginecontrolunit
TheN13enginehasaBoschDMEwiththedesignationMEVD17.2.4.ItiscloselyrelatedtotheDME
oftheN55engine(MEVD17.2)andislikewiseengine-mountedontheintakemanifold.

Donotattemptanytrialreplacementofcontrolunits.
Becauseoftheelectronicimmobiliser,atrialreplacementofcontrolunitsfromothervehiclesmustnot
beattemptedunderanycircumstances.Animmobiliseradjustmentcannotbereversed.
TheN13engineDME(MEVD17.2.4)isdesignedinsuchawaythatitcanbeattachedonan
intermediateplatetotheintakemanifold.
TheN13enginewillbeofferedasfromSeptember2011intheF20;thelayoutforthevehicleelectrical
system2020isthereforeshownhere.

88

N13Engine.
9.EngineElectricalSystem.
TheplugconceptisidenticaltotheMEVD17.2intheN55engine.Thereisalogicaldivisionintosix
modules.

N13engine,connectionsMEVD17.2.4

Index

Explanation

Enginecontrolunit

Module600,fuelinjectionandignition,24pins

Module500,DMEsupply,12pins

Module400,Valvetronicservomotor,11pins

Module100,vehicleconnection,48pins

Module200,sensorsandactuators1,58pins

Module300,sensorsandactuators2,58pins

Intakemanifoldcover

Intakemanifold

9.2.1.Overallfunction
TheDMEisthecomputingandswitchingcentreoftheenginemanagementsystem.Sensorsonthe
engineandthevehicledelivertheinputsignals.Thesignalsforactivatingtheactuatorsarecalculated
fromtheinputsignals,thenominalvaluescalculatedusingacomputingmodelintheDMEcontrolunit
andthestoredprogrammaps.TheDMEcontrolunitactivatestheactuatorsdirectlyorviarelays.

89

N13Engine.
9.EngineElectricalSystem.
TheDMEcontrolunitiswokenupviathewake-upline(terminal15Wakeup)bytheFrontElectronic
Module(FEM).
Theafter-runstartsafterterminal15OFF.Theadaptationvaluesarestoredduringtheafter-run.The
DMEcontrolunitusesabussignaltosignalitsreadinesstogotosleep.Whenalltheparticipating
controlunitshavesignalledtheirreadinesstogotosleep,thebusmasteroutputsabussignaland
thecontrolunitsterminatecommunicationfivesecondslater.
TheboardintheDMEcontrolunitaccommodatestwosensors:atemperaturesensorandanambient
pressuresensor.Thetemperaturesensorisusedtomonitorthetemperatureofthecomponentsinthe
DMEcontrolunit.Theambientpressureisrequiredforcalculatingthemixturecomposition.

90

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