1

A LATIN READER

BOSTON UNiVEPSilY
'30LLBSE OF LIbERAL ARTS
LIBRARY

A LATIN READER
EASY SELECTIONS FOR
BEGINNERS
BY

FRANK

A.

GALLUP

PRINCIPAL, ALBANY HIGH SCHOOL,

ALBANY,

N. Y.

BOSTON UNIVERSITY
COLL&ftE F LIBERAL ARTS
LIBRARY

NEW YORK

CINCINNATI

CHICAGO

AMERICAN BOOK COMPANY

n5

Copyright, 1913, by
F. A.

Copyright,

GALLUP.

1913, in

Great Britain

GALLUP, latin READER.

vv. p. I

FA

PREFACE
The way

of the beginner in Latin

is

only too often

confined to those subjects where the faculties of the

mind, aside from memory, find little chance for development. For a year pupils spend long hours in endless drill on the rules of grammar, on declensions and
It is
conjugations, and on the perplexities of syntax.
not strange, therefore, that numerous attempts have
been made to assist the beginner to an opportunity
now and then for refreshing his mind, and at the

same time for applying his new acquirements.

Those have succeeded best, I believe, who have
kept most closely to the things of antiquity, described
Pupils recognize
in the language of ancient Rome.
the modern tone of present-day topics discussed in
English-like Latin, and they are not satisfied, nor are

much helped.
The Fables in this Reader are the old ones, simpliThe Short Stories, gathered here
fied for beginners.
they

and there, have also been freed from difficulties.

The Tales of Early Rome are from Livy and have
been adapted to pupils who have not yet gone far
along the course. And, finally, although the selection from Ovid has been turned into prose and shorn
of its

charm

grammatical

difficulties, it is

believed that the

of the story itself has not suffered.

FRANK
Albany, N.Y,

A.

GALLUP.

TABLE OF CONTENTS
FABLES
PAGE
1.

Flattered out of his Cheese

3.

Danger in Discord
In Union is Strength

4.

Greediness Punished

5.

Safe and Saucy

6.

Silly

7.

When

2.

10
10

.11
11

Enmity

12
12

11.

Out
Safety Better than Sweets
The Trumpet a Mighty Weapon
Cheating the Doctor
A Retort in Kind

12.

The

15

13.

Little

14.

The Dog

15.

Sour Grapes

16.

The

17.

18.

Liberty Better than Luxury

19.

Brave

20.
21.

The Perils of Expansion

What the Weaker owe the Stronger

22.

Killed the

23.

Avarice brings Loss

24.

His Lot not so Bad after All

25.

Selfishness brings

26.

Clothes do not

27.

Common Abbreviations and their Meanings

28.

Maxims and Mottoes

8.
9.

10.

Thieves

fall

13
13

14
14

Lion's Share

Mice have Sharp Teeth

in the

15

16

Gratitude of the

Wicked

Difference in the Point of

in

15

Manger

16

View

.16

17

Counsel, Timid in Action

17
18
.

"

Alarm Clock

19
19

20

Own Punishment
make the Man
its

....

20
21
21

22

24
5

LATIN READER

SHORT STORIES
PAGE
29.
30.

26

The Brave Lacedaemonians

More Gate than City

3L Death
32.

Valuable Assistance

33.

Man

34.

Money
Not Brave Enough

35.

Not

36.

or

at

27
27

....

Better than Spartan Fare

28

28

.''

meet Old Age

to

Home

28

....

....
....

29
30

38.

Lesson in Dignity
The Moderation of Tiberius
Who takes Precedence Father or Son

39.

Alexander's Horse

40.

41.

Androclus and the Lion

42.

43.

Large Thoughts

44.

52.

Aeneas comes to Italy

Rome Founded
Romans and Sabines Fight
Message from Romulus
Trouble with Alba Longa
The Horatii and Curiatii
Treachery of the Alban King
Punishment of a Traitor
Captured by Trickery

53.

Horatius

54.

56.

Mucius Scaevola
Honesty of Fabricius
Ambition Denounced

57.

Hannibal's Jest

71

58.

The Heavenly Bodies

72

37.

31

Tribune's Bravery
Little Bird

33
35

37

teaches Self-reliance
in

31

Few Words

41

45

TALES OF EARLY ROME

45.
46.

47.
48.
49.
50.
51.

55.

at the

49
51
.

.52
54
55

57
59
61

63

64

Bridge

.......
.

67
69
71

LATIN READER

EARLY HYMNS
PAGE
59.

60.

Morning Song
De Vita Hominis

77

78

FROM THE PSALMS

61.
62.

Psalmus I
The Shepherd Psalm

80

80

MYTHS OF THE ROMANS

63.

Creation and the Flood

Vocabulary

82

89

LATIN READER
FABLES
Flattered

I.

Out of His Cheese

Corvus, qui alicunde caseum rapuerat/ in altam

arborem subvolavit.
tebat,^

corvum

nopere laudo
cantus

si

avium
tus,*

Vulpecula,^ quae caseum appe-

adloquitur

vulpes

pennarum tuarum nitorem.

pulchritudini^

is

The

fox.
thus

ixovcv X3i-^\h.

fox, vulpecula,

in

forming

had a great

English appetite

is

desire for.

a direct de-

scendant from this word.

4.

tuae

Pol!^

respondet,^ rex

By

5-

Pollux I

a very com-

exclamation.

Pollux was

one of the numerous

demigods.

Roman

Dative of

Indirect

Ob-

ject.

suffix -cula is

used

diminutives.

mon

Formam tuam mag-

Turn corvus, laudibus^ vulpeculae Tnflaest.

Sed e rostro aperto ^ delap-

es."

had stolen,

3.

"

cantare conatus

1.

often

et

tuus

2.
little

ita

6.

corresponds

7.

Ablative

to,

equal

is

to.

of Cause, with

inflatus.
8.

puffed up, perfect

parti-

ciple of inflo.
g.

rostro

aperto

his opened beak,

i.e.

the elTort to sing.

out of

opened

in

aperto

is

the perfect participle of aperio.

*5

10

LATIN READER

sus^ est caseus,

quern vulpecula

Verba adulatorum sunt

statim

pretl parvi,^ ut^

devoravit.

haec fabula

docet.

Danger

2.

Discord

in

In eodem prato pascebantur^ tres boves^ in maxima

5

^
ab omni ferarum incursione tuti
Sed dissidium^ ortum* est, et singuli^ a feris

Concordia, et sic
erant.

Multum boni ^

laniatT sunt.

est in concordia, ut "

haec

fabula docet.

In Union

3.

Agricola senex^^
to

filios

is

Strength

suos convocavit, qui interdum

discordabant. Senex fascem virgularum adferrl^^

iussit.

Turn " Frangite,^^" inquit, " hunc fascem." Hoc fa^^

cere non poterant. Denique distribuit senex singulas
1.

From

2.

preti

delabor,

parvi

i-//jzJ

^/^/.

of

little

value.
3.

as.

With

this

meaning

ut takes the indicative.

4.

From

pascor, feed. This

verb is connected with pastor,

a feeder ox shepherd. The im-

shows that
the cattle were accustomed to
feed in this meadow.
perfect tense here

5.

From

6.

I.e.

harmony.

bos.

while they acted in

7-

'L\\.tr2\\y,

sitting

apart

hence disagreement,
8.

From

9.

one by one ox one at atime.

10.

orior.

much good,

boni

is

the

Partitive Genitive,
11.

as.

12.

old.

This word

used as a noun, as in
13.

1.

is

often

10.

Passive infinitive of ad-

fero, bring.
i4-

Imperative

break.
i5-

one to each.

of

frango,

virgulas,

agricola

LATIN READER

II

quas celeriter fregerunt.

Turn exclamavit

Quam

'*
:

imbecillis discordia

firma res

quam

est concordia,

'

"
!

Greediness Punished

4.

Mulier quaedam^ habebat galllnam, quae ei^ cotT5vum pariebaf* aureum. Mulier ita exTstimabat

die
''

Mea

massam
omne aurum

gallina sine dubio

galllnam occTdam,^

Sed

Itaque earn occldit.

quod^

aurl intus celat

ea repperit^ nisi

Mai5ribus

in aliis gallinis reperiri solet.

divi-

inhiabat^; minores^'' etiam perdidit.^^

tiis*

ic

Safe and Saucy

5.

Haedus, qui in tecto^- domus^^ stabat, lup5 maledlCui ^^ respondit lupus " Non tu,^^ sed tectum,

cebat/^

quam

1.

firma

how

res:

w^////, indirect object.

strong a thing!

for

4.

her,

laid,

i.e.

from

for the

tAVj^

10.

divitias

woman.

11

From

pario,

forth.
5.

bring
'

Future indicative of ocPerfect indicative of re-

perio,

fijid.

The

subject

is

12.

cid5, kill.
6.

cer-

tain wornaji.
3.

had a desire for' iiterhad her mouth open for.

9.

mulier quaedam:

2.

roof,

understood.
lose.

from tego, cover,

13.

Genitive.

14.

ivas abusing.

15.

Refers to haedus.

der him.
is

is

perdo,

often the

The
first

Ren-

Latin relative

word

in a sen-

tence where English uses a de-

mulier.

quod

except what.

7.

nisi

8.

maioribusdivitiis: ^;v^z/^r

monstrative.
16.

si

statim possideb5."

in

nihil

maledicis

is

understood.

LATIN READER

12

Saepe locus

mihi maledicit."

tempus homines

et

timidos reddit audaces.^

Silly

6.

Enmity

In eadem navi erant duo homines, qui inimicissimi

Unus eorum

puppi ^ sedebat.
sTempestas ingens orta^est. Omnes de vita desperabant.
Is qui in puppI erat gubernatorem rogavit
Utra pars ^ navis prius submergetur ^ ? " Respondit
gubernator "Prora." Tumille^: " lam ^ mors mihi
non^ molesta est, nam inimlcl mel mortem videbo."
erant.

in prora, alter

in

*'

WJien Thieves Fall Out

7.

Duo

homines, qui

una^*^ iter faciebant,

solitudine conspicati sunt.

eum

que^^
1.

bold.

verb

reddit

The
is

sibi

vindicare coepit.

audaces

Dum

which pai'tf

6.

utra pars

7.

prius submergetur

idea of circujiistance.
2.

Partitive Genitive.

3.

the other.

orior,

spring up.

will

go under first
8.

turn

ille

like respondit is
9.

10.

4. This noun, like navis, is

one of the i stems that retain
most of the i forms.

in

vero conten-

?'e7tder

used because the two

From

asinum

laetl" et uter-

singular form of the

subjects together form a single

5.

Accurrunt

iam non

An

understood.
710 lotiger.

adverb, together.

11. joyfully^

more

some word

for

English

often uses an adverb in

such expressions.
12.

each of the two or both.

LATIN READER

eum

neuter

Safety Better than Sweets

Lupus capram

quam

et

cepit.

8.

est,

abstinent,^ asinus fugit,

dunt,^ nee a verberibus

in^ alta rupe stantem* conspicatus

" Cur non relinquis nuda
^ est

adlocutus

ita

hue descendis in herbidos 5

ilia et
campos, qui tibi laetum* pabulum dabunt ? " Cui
capra ita respondit " Mihi^ non est in animo dulcia
sterilia

et

loca,

tutis

praeponere."

The Trumpet a Mighty Weapon

9.

Tibicen, ab

sum

The

1.

nam

present tense often

occurs in clauses introduced by

dum, but

in

EngUsh

the wiper-

feet should be used

reference
2.

did

nee

7iot

is
.

when

the

plainly to the past.

.

abstinent:

Present participle of

mihi,

safety.''''

Non

habeo

etc

'^

I do

not

Literally, it is not in

nmid to me

to place, etc.

subject of est
8.

is

safety-,

Dative

things.

sto,

The

praeponere.
literally,

of

safe

Indirect

9.

Perfect

participle

of

capi5, capture.

stand.
adloquor, speak

address.
6.

*'

responderunt

hostes
7.

nihil

Object.

on.

4.

From

sum

intend to place sweets before

and

refrain.

3.

5.

inermis

Sed

banc tubam."

praeter

captus,^ exclamavit

hostibus

interficiendus/^

abundant.

10.

to,

non sum interficiendus

ougJit not to be killed.

Passive

periphrastic conjugation.

10

LATIN READER

14

" Propter hoc ipsum^ te interimemus,^ quod alios ad

pugnam incitare soles." N5n s5lum maleficl^ puniendi

sunt, sed etiam el qui alios ad

incitant.

Cheating the Doctor

lo.

In faucibus

male faciendum^

Gruem, quae

lupi os inhaeserat.'

praeterlbat, lupus ita adlocutus est

forte

" Si os e fauci-

tibi magnam mercedem dabo."

Turn
Os* grus longitudine^ colli facile extraxit.
mercedem rogabat. Sed lupus subrldebat et denti-

bus meis extrahes,

videtur,

loces

extraxisti

Num

"

bus infrendebat.

tibi," inquit, "

quod caput incolume

parva merfaucibus

lupI

II.

Kind

Retort in

Pav5, quae coram grue" pennas suas explicabat,

subito exclamavit

tua deformitas
dicens

i5vit,

tarditas
hoc

1.

Quanta

Et quanta

ipsum:

very

that

Future of interim5,

3.

^OMXi, evil doers.

4.

puniendi sunt

5.

See note

facio.

kill.

6.

'\Xii^^xz\\i\^s,\

7.

From

8.

Accusative.

Ablative of Cause.

10.

10, p. 13.

pected.

to dois

the

in the throat,

inhaereo, stick.

9.

ought to be

ad male faciendum
faciendum

7nis chief

gerund of

tua

et

"

2.

ing

mea

levitas

et

evola-

celeritate

thing.

piinished.

est

mea

formositas

est

At grus magna

"

"

"

negative reply

reward., does
11.

crane.

is

ex-

- It doesn't seetn a small

it.,

that you^' etc.

coram grue

before

LATIN READER

The Li01 IS Share

12.

Societatem iunxerant leo, iuvenca, capra, ovis.

Praeda quam ceperant in quattuor partes divisa est.
Turn leo, "Prima pars," inquit, " mea est, debetur^
enim praestantiae - meae.
Tollam et^ secundam,
quam meretur robur meum. Tertiam vindicat* sibi
egregius labor meus.
Si quis^ quartam partem sibi
arrogare volet,

eum inimlcum

habeb5.^

Itaque

"

cetera animalia partem praedae acceperunt nullam.

Mice Have Sharp Teeth

Little

13.

Mus, a rustic deprehensus,"

tos

vulneravit.

" Nihil,

Rusticus

mehercule, tarn

acri

morsu

murem

pusillum

eius digi-

dicens

dimisit,
est,

ut

de salute

desperare debeat.^"

14.

The

Dog

in the

Ma^iger

Canis iacebat^ in praesepe, et boves latranda^*' a

pabulo arcebat.

Cui unus" bourn: "Quanta

due.

1.

is

2.

preeminence.

8.

Dative.

3-

also.

4.

claims.

5.

a7iy one.

6.

I shall regard as.

7.

Perfect

ut debeat

ista in-

t]iat it

ought,

not

from

a clause of result.
g.

From

iaceo,

iacio.
lo.

participle of de-

prehendo, catch.

Ablative of the gerund,

by barking.
11.

ing

is

unus

some verb of say-

understood.

LATIN READER

l6
vidia

est

Non

non potes]

pateris

"

alios edere, et tu ipse

edere

"

Sour Grapes

15.

Vulpes ad uvam subsiliebat sed earn attingere non

Tandem, defatlgata inani labore, exclamaAt nunc etiam ^ acerba est, et earn edere nolo."
5
Multl ea contemnunt quae assequi non possunt.
poterat.

vit

"

16.

The Gratitude of

Wicked

the

Milvius, laquels irretitus, musculum'' exoravit

Quod^ musculus

libera his plagis."

vius,
10

murem

liberatus,

Quam

devoravit.

"Me
Mil-

facile fecit.

gratiam

mail pro beneficils reddere solent

17.

Difference in the Point of View

Pastores, caesa

'

ove, convlvium celebrabant.^

pus, qui pastores videbat, exclamavit

rapio,

quantus tumultus oritur

ovem devorant

Tum

"
!

isnostram, non alienam^"

1.

to the

person addressed.
2.

From

3.

at nunc etiam

patior, permit.
:

At

ego

istl^

Lu-

agnum
impune
" Nos
:

ovem edimus."

iste often points out

something as belonging

" Si

ianus illorum respondit

ista mvidAsi: thaijealo7isy

you feel,

but after

6.

quam gratiam

what a

return the wicked are wont to

make for kindnesses I

7. From caedo, slay,

caesa

ove, Ablative Absolute.

8.

The

tense shows the act

in progress.

all.

4.

Diminutive from mus.

5.

Render

M/i".

9.

10.

those fellows.

belonging to another.

"

LATIN READER

8.

I/

Luxury

Liberty Better than

Lupus, qui canem bene saglnatum videbat, exclamavit

at

Quanta

**
:

est tua felicitas

ego fame^ enecor "

!

cum

urbem

in

Lupus condicionem
madvertit

hoc est ?"

"

inquit.

me

Tu

accepit, et

una^

felicitas servitute

Brave

19.

habebis."

Ani"

pilos.

Num

noctu sim^ vigilantior.

'*
:

Vale, amice.

Non

meam

Quid

Nam

iugum sustines ?
" Nihil est," respondit canis,

alligant, ut

Turn lupus

VenI me-

**

iter faciunt.

sunt vestigia collaris quod in cervlcem

tur."

laute vivis,
:

felicitatem

lupus in coll5 canis attrltos

vix tua glabra est."

interdiu

eandem

ibi

Respondit canis

cer-

''

sed

Haec
poni-

10

mihi' placet

empta.^

Timid

in Counsel^

i^i

Action

Mures aliquando concilium habebant, nam quan^ felem,

quae venatrix perlta erat, magnopere

dam

timebant.
1.

2.

Multa c5nsilia proposita

good fortune.

5.

The

cause of his perish-

cum

is

ing.
3.

regularly an en-

with the personal

sunt, sed muri-

notices;

literally,

tur 71s

his ?nind toward.

6. Verb of a purpose clause
hence the subjunctive.

pro-

7.

Indirect object of placet.

nouns, often with the relative

8.

Perfect participle of emo,

clitic

and interrogative pronouns.

adverb.
4. una
:

GALL. LAT. READ.

purchased.
9.

From quidam.

15

LATIN READER

bus^ non placebant.

locuta-' est:

*'

Denique una e muribus ^ ita

Tintinnabulum caudae'' istius felis an-

nectere necesse est, nam sonitus eius nos admonebit,

cum ea approplnquat, et fugere poterimus. Quis
hoc facere vult " Sed nemo respondit, multl ete^

nim

suadendd

in

audaces sunt, sed in periculo ipso

timidl.

The Perils of Expansion

20.

In prato

quondam rana bovem

conspexit.
Tacta*
rugosam^ inflavit pellem,
suos interrogavit, utrum latior quam bos
I Hi negaverunt.^^
Rursus intendit cutem

invidia tantae magnitudinis,

10

et fllios
esset.^''

et simill modo quaesivit, uter maior esresponderunt bovem esse maiorem. Tum,

maiore nisu
Illi

set.^

1.

Indirect object of place-

2.

6.

nim

bant.
e

muribus: with unus the

ablative with

e,

ex

is

often used

for, as

you know,

son that

is

supposed

instead of the Partitive Geni-

7.

Gerund of suadeS.

8.

Perfect

From

4.

Indirect object of annec-

tere.

loquor, speak.

tintinnabulum

rect object.
is

The

is

is

the di-

predi-

cate adjective.
5.

I.e.

the cat's

fastening the bell to

tail.

be

participle

of

tango, touch.

subject of est

annectere; necesse

to

self-evident.

tive.
3.

ete-

regularly introduces a rea-

9.

wrinkled.

The word

made from

ruga, a wrinkle,

the suffix

-osa,

is

and
which means

full of
10. Subjunctive in an indi.

rect question,
11.

said

710.

"

:
;

LATIN READER

dum

rana

validius

vult

sese Tnflare,

rupto

iacuit

corpore/

What

21.

Weaker Owe

the

the

Stronger
Praedam

Vulpes, asinus, leo venatum^ iverant.

Asinus singulis singulas

asinum
partes ponebat aequales, sed leo eum dilaniavit.
Turn
vulpeculae negotium partiendP dedit.
Haec, sapientior quam asinus, partem maximam leoni apposuit,
partirf

et

vix

sibi

leo

iussit.

minimam particulam

Led

reservavit.

prudentiam laudabat. Tandem

Unde didicistP talem prudentiam?" Re-

subridebat et eius
rogavit

"

spondit vulpes:

''Calamitas

asini

me

10

quid

docuit

minores potentioribus ^ debeant/

Killed the

22.

Alarm

Clock

Mulier quaedam solebat ancillas suas excitare ad

opus galli cantu audito.^ Illae, diuturno labore^
fatigatae, gallum interficere statuerunt.
Quo facto,
1.

hurst.

rupto corpore
rupt5

participle of

with body

is

the

perfect

rumpo.

3.

4.

vix

1am:

minimam

barely

the

particu-

least

potentioribus

little

7.

Subjunctive

in

an

From

disco, /^r.

indi-

rect question.
8.
\\\'t

galli cantii audito

9.

Abla-

Ah?,o\\\'it:whe?t the crowing

of the cock was heard.

bit.

5.

minores

the weaker, the 7nore powerful.

Supine of venor, to hunt.

Gerund, from partior.

2.

6.

comparatives used as nouns

Ablative of Cause.

15

LATIN READER

20

deteridrem condici5nem

in

nam

quam

prius inciderunt,

domina, de hora noctis incerta, nunc famulas

saepe iam prima nocte

excitabat.

Avarice Brings Loss

23.

unum

Mulier gallmam habebat, quae el^ cotldie

5

ovum

pariebat.^

meam

saginabo, bina aut terna 5va cotldie pariet."

Ilia ita

gallmam

existimabat: "Si

Haec

iam pinguis, ova parere desiit.^

fabula docet avaritiam saepe esse damnosam.

Sed

gallina,

His Lot not

24.

Senex

in

lodomum

ligna

silva

redire

coepit.

so

Bad

after all
Els

ceciderat/

Onere

via

et

fascem deposuit atque secum aetatis

Mortem tandem

contemplabatur.
vit

"

Me

sublatis,^

defatlgatus,

et inopiae

mala

clara voce invoca-

ab omnibus his mails libera." Precibus

Mors subito adstitit, et quid senex vellet

senis auditis,

deteriorem

in

1.

nem

they fell

condicio-

into

liforse

2.

literally,

in the eve-

7.

From

8.

eis

the night.
Z.

for

Absolute,
her,

i.e.

for

the

woman.
4.

From

pari5, bring forth,

From

desino, cease.

of

indirect

dis-

caedo.
sublatis

Ablative

sublatis

is

the per-

feet participle of toll5.

like
and riis,
9. domus
names of towns, denote the

limit of

lay.
5.

clause

at the first of

prima nocte
;

an indepen-

Infinitive in

course.

plight.

ning

6.

dent

osition.

motion without a prep-

"

LATIN READER

Senex, qui nunc metu exanimatus erat, cele-

rogavit.

respondit

riter

21

*'
:

Nihil vol5 praeter auxilium, ut hoc

onus rursus subeam."

Own Punishment

Selfishness brings its

25.

Asinus onustus sarcinis Mta equum adlocutus

"

Leva me aliqua parte ^ oneris mei."

animam

sumptus,^ in via corruit et

omnes

est:

asinis

ille

Paulo post^ asinus, labore con-

preces repudiavit.

agitator

Sed

Turn

efflavit.

sarcinas, quas asinus portaverat, at-

que Insuper etiam pellem asino detractam, in equum

" O
Ille priorem superbiam ita deplorabat
rmposuit.
me miserum,^ nam parvulum onus in me recipere nolebam, et nunc cogor tantas sarcinas f erre, una cum pelle
:

comitis mei, cuius preces

Do

Clothes

26.

tam superbe contempsi!

not

Make

et bestias

forte celerius^ se movet, et aures emi-

Sed

Tum

nebant.

Man

the

homines

Asinus, pelle leonis indutus,^

terrebat.

in pistrlnum

abductus

est,

ubi poenas

petulantiae dedit.^
1.

onustus

laden

sarcinis:

with baggage.
2.

aliqua

parte

of some

part^ Ablative of Separation.

3.

paulo

post

little

4.

Perfect participle of con-

sumo.
5.

wretched me or

How wretched

I am I

Accusative

The

of

Exclamation.
6.

From contemno.

7.

Perfect

participle of in-

duo, clothe.

later.

me

miserum

10

8.

celerius

9.

poenas dedit

penalty,

^edit

too quickly.

is

paid

from

the

do, give.

15

LATIN READER

22

j
I

27.

Common

Abbreviations

and Their

Meanings
A.B. (Artium Baccalaureus), Bachelor of Arts.
A.C. (ante Christum), before Christ.
A.D. (anno Domini), in the year of our Lord.
a.m. (ante meridiem), before noon.

A.M. (Artium

Magister), Master of Arts.

A.U.C. (anno urbis conditae), in the year after the
founding of the city (Rome),
cf.

(confer), compare.

Cr. (creditor), creditor.

D.D.

(Divinitatis Doctor),

Doctor of Divinity.

Dr. (debitor), debtor.

who

Dr. (doctor), doctor, one

is

trained,

one who

teaches.

D.V. (Deo volente), God

willing,

if

God

wills,

(exempli gratia), for the sake of example, for

e.g.

example,
etc. (et cetera),

et seq. (et

and the

rest,

sequens plural

is

usually abbreviated et

sqq.\ and what follows, and the following,

ib.
i.e.

or

ibid, (ibidem), in

(id est), that

inst.

same

place.

(Tnstante mense), the present month.

Jr. (lunior).
lat.

the

is.

Younger, the Younger,

(Iatitud5), latitude,

lb. (libra),

pound.

LATIN READER

LL.D (Legum

23

Doctor), Doctor of Laws.

long, (longitude), longitude.

M. (meridies), noon.
M.D. (Mediclnae Doctor), Doctor of Medicine.
n.b. (nota bene),

note well, take notice.

per cent, (per centum), by the hundred.

Ph.D. (Philosophiae Doctor), Doctor of Philosophy.

p.m. (post meridiem), after noon.

pro et con. (pr5 et contra), for and against.

Prof. (Professor),

pro

tern,

one who teaches. Professor.

(pro tempore), for a time, temporarily.

prox. (proxim5 mense), next

month.

P.S. (post scriptum), written after, postscript.

Q.E.D. (quod erat demonstrandum), which was to

be proved.
q.l. (quantum libet), as much as is desired.
q.s. (quantum sufficit), as much as is needed (in prescriptions).

Rev. (Reverendus), to be revered, reverend.

R.I. P. (Requiescat in pace),

May

he (or she) rest

in

peace.
sc. (scilicet), to

be understood.

S.P.Q.R. (Senatus Populusque Romanus), the

Senate and People.

Sr. (Senior), Older, the Older.
ult.

(ultimo mense), last month.

viz. (videlicet),

namely.

vs. (versus), against.

Roman

LATIN READER

24
28.

Maxims

1.

Ad

2.

Alls volamus proprils.'^

a7id Mottoes

astra^ per aspera.

6.

Labor omnia vincit.

Ubi mel, ibi apes.
Ante victoriam ne canas triumphum.'
Audaces fortuna iuvat, timidosque repellit.

7.

Bis dat qui cito dat.

8.

Corrumpunt bonos mores conloquia prava.

3.

4.
5.

De

9.

mortuis

nil nisi

bonum.^

10.

Duos

11.

Esse quam viderl malim.^

qui sequitur lepores neutrum cap it.

12.

Felix qui nihil debet.

13.

Fortes fortuna iuvat.

14.

Forti et

15.

Fortis cadere, cedere

16.

Gutta cavat lapidem non

17.

Non

stars

est

saepe cadendo.^

igne.

grand triumphal procession allowed a general who had won

The

a notable victory over foreign

Translate

to fame lies

through

diffi-

An

pendence,

foes.
4.

dicendum est is underNothing but good is to

expression of inde-

stood.

We fly with our own

be said

wings.
3

potest.
vl sed

ad astra, to fame, since

after famous

cidties.
2.

non

fumus absque

were named

personages.

road

fideli nil difficile.

Do not sing your triumph

song before winning your vieThe triumphus was the

tory.

5.
ti ve,

6.

of the dead.
malim: present subjunc-

/ should prefer.
Ablative of the gerund of

cado, by falling.

LATIN READER
18.

Palma non

19.

Noli

me

25

sine pulvere.^

tangere.^

20.

Vae

21.

Vitae via

22.

Vincit Veritas.

23.

Vultus est index animi.

victls.^
virtus."*

24.

Vox

25.

Vestigia nulla retrorsum.

26.

Tempus

27.

Suaviter in mod5, fortiter in

28.

Si vis

29.

populi,

vox Dei.^

fugit.

32.

Semper paratus.
Semper fidelis.
Hinc illae lacrimae.

33.

Procul este, profani.'

34.

Noscitur

35.

Ne

36.

Cor unum, via una.

37.

Dum

30.

31.

No palm

homo

a sociis.^

quid nimis.^
vivimus, vivamus.
victory)

5.

in re

without the dust (of the race

6.

This

1.

(of

course).
2.

itur

Be unwilling

to touch

me

was the regular classical expression

for

Don't

touch

vie.
3.
4.

U\h

to the

Sc. est.

re.^

pacem, para bellum.

Sic Itur ad astra.

conquered I

is

inessentials,
is

the

Stand afar

7.

way

to fame.

used impersonally.
off

ye U7iholy

07ies.

We

8.
say,
jnan is known
by the company he keeps.

g.
i.e.

Not anything

Do

nothing to

too

excess.

much.,

SHORT STORIES
The Brave Lacedaemonians

29.

Philippus minitabatur per litteras^ se omnia quae

lUl
Lacedaemonii conarentur prohibiturum esse.^
responderunt: " Num nos es etiam mori prohibiturus^?"
Ad Leonidam, regem Lacedaemoniorum, scripsit
**
Mitte arma.'* "
Respondit Leonidas
Xerxes:

"Veni

et cape."

Solem prae ^
iaculorum nostrorum multitudine et sagittarum non
[o videbitis."
Sine mora respondit Onus e Lacedae" In umbra igitur pugnabimus."
moniis
Lacedaemonius quidam, qui ridebatur quod clauPerses in conloquio

ita

gloriabatur

"

would be ego omnia quae cona-

These four anecdotes illusfamed bravery of the

mini prohibebo.

trate the

Spartans,

who were

a nation of

3.

1.

per litteras

2.

se esse:

from

by letter.

Philip's thought

4.

expressed indirectly, or in indirect discourse.

num

prohibitiinis

You are not going

warriors.

dying.,

too.,

to keep

are you f

mitte arma:

i.e.

render.

The direct form

5.

26

us

prae: because

0/.

in sur-

"

LATIN READER
diis in

pugnam

n5n fugere,

iret/ exclamavit

animo

in

est.^

Myndios monuit

urbs vestra egrediatur.'*

parva urbe

et

" Claudite

Spartan Fare

tha^i

Itaque

Epiilae Sybaritarum luxuriosae erant.

Spartiatarum

homo

convivio^

" lam non^ Tgnoro cur

magna v5ce^ dixit
LacedaemoniT, ceteras gentes fortitudine* su-

intererat,

Vos omnes,

peretis.^

quam

potius optabitis
quod

1.

ne
5

Sybaritanus, qui aliquando

vos,

portas,

"

Death Better

31.

City

Myndi

Diogenes,^ magnis portls

ita

"At mihi pugnare,

More Gate than

30.

visis,

2;

iret

si

sanae

because

mortem

mentis/"

estis

talem victum

"
!

the Myndians,

who had

a very

was going into battle when

lame.
The subjunctive is used

small
4.

egredia.tuT

that of

5.

Indirect object of inter-

he

because the reason

the

he

as they said,

critics, because,

was going,

eic.

...

est

at

is

get

magna

v5ce: in a loud

in-

voice.
7.

iamnon: no

famous
Cynic philosopher who sought
for an honest man and often
rebuked kings, here indulges in

8.

Ablative

2.

tend to fight, not

3.

Diogenes,

btit

to

run.

the

a witticism at the expense of

02it

erat.
6.

city.

longer.

of

Specifica-

tion.
g.

10.

Indirect Question,

sanae mentis

of Characteristic.

Genitive

10

LATIN READER

28

Valuable Assistance

32.

Quintus Maximus^ Tarentum magna vigilantia reSalinator,^ qui, amisso oppid5,^ fugerat in
"Mea'* opera,
arcem, gloriabatur et ita dicebat
cepit.

Quinte Fabi,^ Tarentum recepistl."

5

dit

Maximus

ridens

"
;

nam

" Certe," respon-

ego recepi."

tu amisisti,

Ma7i or Mo7iey?

33.

Themistocles rogabatur utrum bono viro pauperi an

minus probato

dTviti flliam

"

conlocare mallet.^

Ego

mal5 virum qui pecuniam non habeat

quam pecuniam quae virum non habeat."

vero," inquit,

Not Brave Enough

34.
10

''

to

Meet Old Age

^
Olympiae sustinuisse
Sed vox^ Milonis senis^

Milo iuvenis per stadium

humeris bovem
Quintus

1.

mus

Maxi-

Fabius

the famous

dlcitur.

Roman

gen-

of proper nouns in -ius ends in

-i,

not in

-ie.

who made headway against

Hannibal when all others had

question, whether he

failed.

fer

eral

Salinator:

2.

command

general in
turn

when

the
at

course.

the city was taken.

The
it

of

mea

special emphasis.

Fabi

the vocative form

of

an

indirect

would pre-

give his daughter.

Taren-

4.

5.

to

7.

Ablative Absolute.

gives

Verb

Roman

3.

position

6.

stadium:

per

over

8.

vox: word, sentiment.

9.

senis

There

is

wheti

a?i

the

old man.

a contrast between iu-

venis and senis.

Milo's spirit

failed with his strength.

LATIN READER
contempta

nam

est,

in senectute athletas in curriculo

inlacrimabat, exclamabat

videbat,

qiiidem mortui sunt

"
!

Non

sed ex lacertls

35.

"

At

vero tarn

ipse, nugator, neque enim ex te

tatus,

29

hi

isti

umquam

lacertl

quam

tu

es nobili-

tuis.

Not

at

Home

Nasica^ ad poetam Ennium^ venit, eique'* ab ostio

Ennium ancilla dixit domi^ non esse. Nasica

autem sensit illam domini iussu dixisse, et ilium intus
Faucis post diebus,^ Ennius ad Nasicam venit
esse.
Exclamat Nasica se domi^
et eum a ianua quaesivit.
non esse. Turn Ennius^: ''Quid.** ego non c6gn6sc5
" Homo es impudens.
vocem tuam t " Hie Nasica"
Ancillae^ tuae credidi te domi non esse; tu mihi
non credis ipsi } "
quaerenti

supply mortui sunt.

1.

isti:

2.

Nasica:

lius

Scipio

member

Publius

Come-

Nasica, a

famous

of

distinguished

family.
3.

Quintus Ennius,

the earliest of Rom.an

4.

eique,

etc.

and when

he inquired at the door for Etiuitis,

at

6.

the

home.

maid said

he

was

not

paucis

post

at

locative,

diebus

later.

With these nominatives

understand some verb of saying, like dixit or respondit.

your maid
yon were not at
don't you believe 7ne
myself when I tell you that I
am not at home ?
8.

poets.

domi:

few days
7.

Ennius:

among

5.

home.

when
home

believed

she said

'^

10

LATIN READER

30

36.

Lesson in Dignity

Quintus Fabius, iam senex, filio suo

Fllius obviam pafuit.
tri^ progressus est, duodecim lictoribus pro more anconsul! legatus

tecedentibus.
5

Equo vehebatur

senex,

neque^

appropinquante

The

negative affects de-

consule descendit.
I.

obviam ^aXxi:

fatlier.

to

meet his

2.

scendit, not appropinquante.

LATIN READER

lam ex

undecim, verecundia^ paternae

lictoribus

maiestatis, taciti praeterierant.

Consul proximum iTctorem

patrl: "

Pater

Ex equo descende."
turn desiliens, " Non

iussit

ego,

fill,"

imperium contempsi, sed experiri

consulem te esse."

autem respondit
tondere pecus, non deglubere."

Who

38.

Ad

num

tuum

Ille

*'

Boni pasto^

Father or Son

Takes Precedence

Taurum^ Athenas^ venerat

cum eo simul eiusdem

philosophum

praeses Cretae provinciae, et

1.

out of respect for.

2.

whether you knew how

be consul,

sclres is the

Gellius
to

verb of

an indirect question.
3.

4.

The emperor Tiberius.

Tiberius was urged
boni

the

part of a good shepherd

etc.

it

to shear, etc.
6.

philosopher

to

an

Athenian

whom

for

instruction.

and

the

five

following are taken from

Atticae "

of

the

Aulus

second century a.d., who has

left

us

Aulus

many

interesting bits

of information concerning antiquity.

Athenas

7.

Taurum:

went

selection

Gellius, a Latin writer of the

to

5.

pastoris,

This

^'Noctes

load dow7i the provinces with.

is

sclres^

magn5

Tiberio^ suaserunf* ut provincias

tributo oneraret.
ris^ est

inquit, "

volui,

The Moderation of Tiberius

37.

Amid

inclamare Fabio

tion
city,

as this

is

of

Mo-

name

of a

Limit
the

no preposition

is

used.

32

LATIN READER

praesidis pater.

Taurus, sectatoribus dimissis,^ se-

debat pro cubiculi sui foribus et

cum

nobis

sermoci-

nabatur.

cum eo pater. AdTaurus et post mutuam salutationem

Adlata mox una sella est, quae in promptu

IntroTvit provinciae praeses et

5

surrexit placide

resedit.

dum

erat, atque,

lo

promebantur, apposita

Taurus patrem praesidis

vitavit
ait

ille

aliae

est.

In-

Atque

uti sederet.

Sedeat hie potius,^ qui populi Roman!

*'
:

magistratus

"Absque

est."

praeiudicio,^ "

inquit

"tu interea sede, dum inspicimus quaerimusque utrum conveniat^ te potius sedere, qui pater
Et ubi pater
es, an fllium, qui magistratus est."
adsedit appositumque est aliud fili5 quoque eius
sedile, verba super ea re Taurus facit.
Eorum verborum sententia haec fuit^: In piiblicis
locis
atque muneribus atque actionibus patrum
Taurus,

15

1.

dimissis

sectatoribus

having dismissed

his

pupils.,

Ablative Absolute.

cum

2.

The

nobis

English,

to

ing to discuss.
6.

with

plural of the

sometimes used
in

judging the question we are go-

in

77ie.

pronoun

is

Latin,

as

one

denote

person.

conveniat

in

4.

sedeat

hie

potius

subject of

the infinitive

is

fol-

sententia, etc.

the sub-

of those words is as follows.

The argument, as far as

sta7ice
let

exoriri,

absque praeiiidicio without prejudice., i.e. without pre-

form;

an Indi-

The

lowing.

this }nan rather take the seat.

5.

conveniat:

is Jittiftg,

it

rect Question.

7.

promptu: at hand.

3.

utrum

whether

course.

is

that

given
is,

in

indirect

in Indirect Dis-

"

LATIN READER
iura^

cum

33

filiorum qui in magistratu sunt potestatibus

conlata, interquiescere paululum, sed extra

rem puquoque

blicam,^ in domestica re atque vita, in convlvio

magistratum et patrem privatum

" Hoc
honores cessare, natiirales exorlri.

familiari, inter fllium

publicos

igitur," inquit, "

quod ad

me

quod conloquimur nunc, privata actio est. Itaque sequimini apud

me hos honores prius quos domi quoque vestrae vos
venistis,

sequi decet.^

Alexander s Horse

39.

Equus Alexandri regis et capite et nomine^ Bucephalus^ fuit

Emptum^ Chares scripsit talentis
tredecim^

et

aeris nostri

summa

Philippo

regi

donatum

hoc

autem

est sestertia trecenta duodecim.^

Super hoc equo dlgnum memoria visum, quod, ubi

1.

patrum

iura

the

of fathers compared
(conlata) with the powers of

rights

sons

who are

in public

office

relax somewhat.
2.

publicam:

outside public life.

3.

decet

subject
4.

tive
5.

is

The

a broad head.

This

esse
is

(Indirect

under-

is

the

indirect

Discourse)

of

n5mine

Biicephalus:

" having

7.

talentis tredecim

the

an

Abla-

for thirteen

tal-

ents.

Abla-

8. A sestertium was a thousand sesterces. As the sesterce

word

amounted to about five cents

of our money, the 3 12,000 ses-

sequi.

of Specification.

means

stood.

form

i.e.

emptum:

tive of Price,

it is fitting.

capite et

6.

what Chares wrote.

rem

extra

head,"

ox-like

GALL. LAT. READ.

terces represented $15,600.

10

LATIN READER

34

ornatus erat armatusque ad proelium, baud umquani

inscendi ^ sese ab alio, nisi ab rege, passus est.

Id etiam de

isto

equo memoratum est: Insidens

eo Alexander bello Indico et facinora faciens

I

inscendi

to be

moimted.

ii

forti:

LATIN READER
hostium cuneum non

in

satis

Coniectls undique in

misit.

sibi

35

providens^ se

Alexandrum

in-

vul-

telis,

altis in cervlce atque in latere equus perfossus

Moribundus tamen ac prope iam exsanguis, e
mediis hostibus regem vivacissimo cursu rettulit, at-

neribus

est.

eum

que, ubi

domini iam

human!

Tum
dum

in

extra tela extulerat, ilico concidit,

securus,^ quasi

superstitis

solacio

animam

sensus

exspiravit.

rex Alexander, parta

Tsdem

cum

et,

eius belli victoria, oppi-

locis condidit,

idque ob equi honores

10

Bucephalon appellavit.

40.

Tribtuies Bravery

Pulchrum facinus M. Cato^ de 0. Caedicio^ tribuno

militum scriptum relinquit.^

Imperator Poenus in terra

giniensi primo, contra

exercitum progredi-

Colles locosque idoneos prior occupat.^

cur.

n5n

1.

giving

satis sibi providens

heed

little

to

own

his

safety.

domini

2.

tain

bello Cartha-

Sicilia,

Romanum

seciirus

cer-

of his 7naster's safety.

3.

parta:

participle

perfect

of pario.
4.

till

been a synonym for stern and

uncompromising adherence to
the manners and customs of
"the good old times."
This tribune is not other5.
wise known.
relinquit
has
6. scriptum
:

Marcus

Porcius

who was born 234

lived

Mllites

149.

B.C.

and

own time
name has

In his

and ever since his

Cato,

left o)i

record

The

participle

modifies facinus.
7.

prior occupat

to seise.

is

the first

15

LATIN READER

36

Romani

in

locum periculosum pervenerunt.

Tribu-

nus ad consulem venit et ostendit^ exitium de

importunitate et hostium circumstantia maturum.

"Si rem,"
s

" servare

inquit,

appellat

ad verrucam illam

mllites

editum asperumque

occupent^ imperabis.

uti

viderint, uni

illi

quadringentos

vis,^

enim Cato locum

sic

eamque

ire^ iubebis,

Hostes profecto, ubi

negotio sese dabunt, atque

illl

id

omnes

Tunc

quadringenti procul dubio obtruncabuntur.

to

loci

in-

caede hostibus, exercitum ex

hoc loco educere poteris. Alia nisi haec salutis via
terea, occupatis in ea

nulla est."

[5

C5nsul tribuno respondit consilium quidem istud

aeque^ providens^ sibi videri. " Sed istos," inquit,
" mllites quadringentos ad eum locum in hostiurr
"
cuneos quis ducere volet ?

"Si alium," inquit tribunus, "neminem repperis,

me licet ^ ad hoc periculum mittere ego banc tibi el
;

publicae

rel

animam

do."

Consul tribuno gratias

JO

1.

ostendit

and

points out the immediate destriiction

of the army because of

the nnsuitableness of its positiofi

and the
2.

nearness of the enemy.

present indicative

vis:

3.

ire:

Tribunus

the object of iubeo

regularly an

infinitive,

but

et quad-

the object of impero

is

a clause

with the subjunctive.

4.

As

advisable to

him

as

to the tribune.
5.

providens

6.

licet

advisable.
//

mitted to se7id me^

of volo.

is

agit.^

^w^\<^., yon
7.

is

may send jne.

gratias agit

per-

or, in better

thanks.

LATIN READER

37

ringenti ad mortem proficlscuntur.

Hostes eorum
Ouorsum ire R5manl peraudaciam demiraiitur.

Sed ubi apparuit- eos ad earn

adversum ill5s impera-

gant^ exspectant.

verrucam

iter

intendere, mittit

tor Carthaginiensis

peditatum equitatumque, qu5s

RomanI

exercitu viros habuit strenuissimds.

circumveniuntur

circumventi repugnant.

Tandem

lium diu anceps.

in

mllites

Fit proe-

superat multitudo.

Quad-

ringentl omnes, perfossi gladiis aut missilibus operti,

Consul interim se'in locos tutos atque editos

cadunt.

10

subducit.

Dil immortales tribuno militum fortunam ex^ virtute eius dedere.

Nam

riam

tamen vulnus

ibi

factus est,

eumque

ita

evenit

saucius multifa-

capiti

nullum evenit,

inter mortuos, defatlgatum vulneribus, cog-

Eum

novere.

postea operam rei

praehibuit.

Quod

15

saepeque
publicae fortem atque strenuam

sustulere,

illos

isque

convaluit,

milites subduxit,

exercitum

ceterum servavit.

Androchis and

41.

1.

quorsum pergant an inquestion dependent on

:

exspectant.
2.

but

when

it

Lion

homo, vidisse se Romae

Apion,^ doctus

recognitionem inter sese

direct

the

became

evi-

mutuam
dejit that

scrIpsit2o

ex vetere notitia
they were directing

their course.

accordance with.

3.

ex:

iti

4.

Greek

grammarian

LATIN READER

38

banc recognitionem neque audised ipsum sese in urbe Roma

vidisse oculls suls conflrmabat/
Apion ita narrat
In Circo Maximo pugna- populo dabatur.
Eius
rel, Romae cum forte essem, spectator f uT.
Multae
ibi saevientes ferae erant, sed praeter alia omnia
leonum immanitas admiration!^ fuit praeterque omnis
hominis et leonis,

neque

visse

et

legisse,

ceteros unus.

lo

Is unus leo corporis vastitudine terrificoque fremitii

animos oculosque omnium in sese converterat. Introductus erat inter complurTs ceteros ad pugnam bestiarum datos servus viri consularis. Servl Androclus

nomen fuit.
Hunc ille
15

rans

stetit,

leo ubi vidit procul, repente quasi admi-

ac deinde sensim atque placide ad

hominem

accedit.

Tum caudam

more atque

ritu

adulantium canum

clementer et blande movet, hominisque se corpori

adiungit, cruraque eius et manus, prope iam exani20

mat!

^*

Homo

metu, lingua leniter demulcet.

clus inter

animum^

ilia

tam

atrocis ferae

recuperat.

Paulatim

whose writings have perished

except some fragments Hke this
preserved by Aulus Gellius.

tween

ad leonem

oculos
the

3.

admirationi

Service; translate.

2.

This was evidently one

ofivo7ider.

Circus

Maximus

be-

the.

Dative

oi

Aventine.

declared positively.

colossal

and

Palatine

1.

of the great shows given in the

Andro-

blandimenta amissum

4.

exanimati

5.

animum

W(2j-

modifies

^//J^

eius.,

senses.
j

LATIN READER
refert.
et

Turn, quasi mutua recognitione facta, lacti

gratulabundi

Ea re tam
sunt.

39

homo

et leo fuerunt.

admirabilT maximi populi clamores excitati

Arcessitus a C. Caesare Androclus, quaesitaque

est causa,

cur

illi

atrocissimus led unl parslsset.^

Ibi

Androclus rem mirificam narrat atque admirandam

Provinciam,
tinebat, et
I.

inquit,

ego

parsisset

Africam meus

from parco

ob-

eius et cotldianls verberibus

ibi iniquis

dominus

verb of an indirect question.

LATIN READER

40

ad fugam sum coactus.

et

Ut mihi a domino, terrae

camp5rum

praeside, tutiores latebrae essent, in

illius

arenarum solitudines concessi.

Tum,

sole rabido et flagranti, in specum quandam,

remotam latebrosamque, me penetro et recondo.
Neque multo post ad eandem specum venit hie leo,
debili uno et cruento pede, gemitus edens et murmura.
Atque illic prim5 quidem conspectu advenientis leonis
territus est mens animus.
Sed postquam introgressus
loleo in habitaculum illud suum videt me procul delitescentem, mitis et mansues accessit, et sublatum^
pedem ostendere mihi et porgere coepit.
5

Ibi

ego stirpem ingentem, vestigio pedis eius hae-

rentem, revelli saniemque vulnere intimo^ expressi

15

accuratiusque sine

magna iam formidine siccavi

lUe tunc mea opera

peni-

tus atque detersi cruorem.

leva-

manibus mels

posito, recubuit et quievit,

tus,

pede

in

atque ex eo die triennium ego et leo in eadem specu

20

25

eodemque victu vixiraus.

Nam, quas venabatur feras, membra opimiora
earum ad specum mihi^ subgerebat, quae ego, ignis
copiam non habens, meridiand s5le torrens edebam.
Sed ubi mihi vitae illius ferlna non iam grata fuit,
leone in venatum profecto,^ reliquT specum et, viam
ferme

tridui

permensus, a militibus visus adprehen-

1.

sublatum: from toUo.

3.

mihi: /or

2.

vulnere intimo

4.

profecto:

/ro;;r ///e

inmost part of the wound.

cor.

7J!e.

from

proficis-

LATIN READER
susque sum et ad

me

Is

ductus.

Haec

dixit

dominum ex Africa Romam

statim ad bestias

de-

dedit.

Androclus, eaque omnia popul5 declarata

An-

sunt, atque ideo, cunctis petentibus, dimissus est

droclus et poena solutus,^ le5que

ei suffragils

populi

Postea videbamus ^ Androclum et leonem,

urbe tota circum tabernas Ire,
revinctum,
tenui
loro
donarl aere Androclum, floribus spargi leonem, omnes
donatus est.

ubique dicere

hom5 medicus

42.

"

Hic

hospes hominis, hic est

leonis."

Little

Aesopus,^

est leo

ille

ic

Bird Teaches

Self-reliance

Phrygia fabulator, baud immerito

nam quae utilia erant,^ non

sapiens existimatus est,

mos
hominum

severe neque imperi5se praecepit, ut philosophis

sed res salubres in mentes animosque

est,

cum quadam

Haec

inlecebra induit.

eius fabula de

aviculae nidulo lepide atque iucunde monet,

1.

ad

the

of

bestias:

latter half

of the sixth century B.C.

arena.

from solvo.

2.

solutus

3.

videbamus:

5.

we used

to

The philosophers

sternly

and

teach

arbitrarily,

but

Aesop both teaches and de-

see.
4.

Little

Aesop,

is

is

known

whose name

nected with

He

Greek writer of the

spem^

so

many

about
is

con-

fables.

supposed to have been a

lights.
6.

spem

ing of the story

is

in the indirect form.

the

teach-

here given

LATIN READER

42
haud umquam

in alio, sed in

semetips5^ habendam

esse.

nomen

Avicula, inquit, est parva, cui est

Habitat nidulaturque in segetibus, eo fere

5

cassita.

tempore,

iam plumantibus.
Ea
nldum fecerat tempesti-

ut appetat messis pullis iam

cassita in sementibus forte

Propterea, frumentis flavescentibus, pulli

vioribus.^

etiam tunc involucres erant.

Dum

igitur ipsa iret ut

monet

lo ita

'*

Si quid

f let

cibum

pullis quaereret, eos

aut dicetur/ animadvertite,

ut mihi, ubi redlbo, nuntietis,"

Dominus segetum

illarum filium vocat et " Vide

'*
!

inquit, "

haec seges ematuruit et manus iam postulat

primum diluculabit,^ roga amicos
nostros ut veniant et banc messim nobis metant."
Idcirco eras, ubi

15

Haec
sita,

ubi

pulli

ille dixit,

discessit.

Atque ubi

redit cas-

tremibundi orant matrem, ut iam statim

"

properet inque alium locum sese asportet.

dominus,"
20

inquiunt, "

amlc5s rogavit

Nam

uti luce oriente

veniant et metant."
1.

in one's

own

-met

self.

to

emphasize

the

pronouns, and

occasion-

ally,

as here, ipse

added

is

sometimes used

is

to

give increased emphasis.

2.

e5

fere

usually

at such a time that the harvest

approaching when the young

birds are just on the point ofis

feathering out.
tibus
3.

is"

pullis

pluman-

Ablative Absolute.

in sementibus

pestivioribus

in

the

tem-

earlier

gf'^^'h ^-^- that ripens earlier.

4.

si

quid fiet aut dicetur:

whatever
5.

ubi

as soon as

is

said or done.

primum

diluculabit:

it is light.

LATIN READER
Mater iubet eos otioso animo^ esse:

43
*'

Si

enim

dominus," inquit, ** messim ad amlcos reicit, eras

seges non metetur neque necesse est hodie uti vos
auferam."

Die poster5 mater in pabulum volat. Dominus

quos rogaverat exspectat. Sol fervit, et fit nihil. It
I.

otios5

animo

of cabn

7?nfid,

Ablative of Characteristic.

LATIN READER

44

Turn

rursum ad
Quin
potius imus^ et c5gnat6s adfinesque nostros rogamus,
"
ut adsint eras et metant ?
5
Itidem hoc .pulli pavefacti matri nuntiant. Mater
hortatur ut turn quoque sine metu ac sine cura sint.
"CognatI adfinesque nulli ferme tarn sunt obsequibiles," ait, "ut^ nihil cunctentur et statim dicto oboediant.
Vos modo advertite, si quid denuo dicetur."
lo
Aha luce orta, avis in pastum profecta est. Cognatl et adflnes operam, quam dare rogati sunt, non
dederunt.
Ad postremum igitur dominus filio " Va^
inquit, " amlcI cum proplnquls.
leant,"
Adferes
prima luce duas falces. Unam egomet^ mihi, et tu
et amlci

dies,

filium

nulll veniunt.

"Amici

isti," inquit,

ille

"cessatores sunt.

istibi capies alteram, et

frumentum nosmetipsi^ mani-

bus nostris eras metemus."

Id ubi ex pullis dixisse

"Tempus,"

dubio procul id quod

20

migravit

dominum mater
Atque

dixit."

seges a domino demessa

audivit,

Fiet nunc

inquit, "est cedere et abire.

ita cassita

nidum

est.

Haec est Aesopi fabula de amicorum et propTnquorum lev! plerumque et inani f Tducia. Hanc Aesopi f abu1am Q. Ennius venuste versibus composuit, quorum
^

1.

do

we
2.

quin

imus

potius

ut

why

cunctentur:

they will not hesitate at

3.

to frietids

not go rather?

valeant

that

all.

good-by

See note

5.

quorum

i,
.

p. 42.
.

est:

the

of which it is worth while

have in mind.

last
to

and relatives

4.

LATIN READER
postremum habere cordi

et

45

memoriae operae pretium

est:

Ne

exspectes

quid^

quod

amicos,

agere

tute^

possies.^

Large TJioughts in Few Words

43.

ad

Si vis

summum

progredi, ab infimo^ ordire.^

Tra furor brevis est.

Seneca.^

Horace/

Horace.
N5n ignara mall miserls succurrere
Vergil.
oculis habemus a tergo nostra
Aliena
Seneca.
Dimidium^

facti qui coepit habet.

disc5.

^^

vitia in

exspecto

amicos:

quid,

1.

has here two accusatives, the

usual

construction with verbs

demanding,

of asking,

lute

2.

you

possies

an

-te

ad

summum

ab infimo
.

6.

The
is

author of this senti-

Lucius Annaeus Seneca,

moralist

who became

and philosopher
the. tutor of

poetry

is

still

read

We

say.

Well begun

is

half done.

non

ignara

mali

not

iinacguamted with misfortune

utters

I
the

learn,

Dido

etc.

sentiment

hence

the feminine form, ignara.

at the bottom.

Imperative of ordior.

ment

lyric

myself

to the top.

5.

the

Quintus Horatius Flaccus,

in all collegiate classical courses,

9.

form

old

equivalent to possis.
4.

7.

whose
8.

etc.

yourself,

has the force of -met.

3.

sunt.

Nero.

10.

whose

Publius Vergilius
epic

poem, the

Maro,

Aeneid.,

has been for nearly twenty centuries

an important factor

liberal culture.

in

LATIN READER

46

Potentissimus est qui se habet in potestate.

Seneca.
Est profecto Deus qui quae nos gerimus audit
Plautus.^
videt.

Magnum
5

iter

et

adscendo, sed dat mihi gloria vires.

Propertius.^
Phaedrus.^

Nisi utile est quod facimus, stulta est gloria.

Cineri^ gloria sera

Gloria virtutem

est.

Martial.^

tamquam umbra

sequitur.

Cicero.^
Amicum perdere
damnorum maximum.
Syrus J
Vergil.
Degeneres animos timor
Livy.'
Stultorum eventus magister
Ovid."
mortis male
Genus
est

arguit.

lo

est.

est

1.

Titus

vivere.^*^

Maccius

Plautus,

Romans from Nero

an eady writer of comedies.

2.

poet

who

second half of the

lived in the
last

century

B.C.
3.

form

put into verse

some of

the

fables

of

i.e.

the

ashes,

Marcus

Valerius

statesman,

Publilius Syrus, possibly

slave,

whose name

Mar-

Titus Livius, the great-

valuable for the infor-

death

work

is

it

gives of the

life

of the

many pithy sayings.

9.

est of the

experience.

Roman

historians.

Evil living

con-

eventus

10.

the epigrammatist

is

8.

whose

tialis,

mation

nected with

cineri:

ashes of the dead.

5.

Cicero,

whose
works are numerous and valuorator and

able.

Phaedrus

Aesop.
4.

to Trajan.

Marcus Tullius

6.

Publius

is

a kind of

Ovidius

Naso,

LATIN READER
Ride,

sapis.

SI

Magnum

Martial.

est vectigal parsimonia.^

47

Cicero.

Leva fit quod bene fertur onus.- Ovid.

Horace.
Dulce et decorum est pro patria mori.
Seneca.
Calamitas virtutis ^ occasio est.
Memoria est thesaurus omnium rerum et custos.

Cicero.

Si vis amarl, ama.

Homo

Seneca.

doctus in se semper divitias habet.

Phaedrus.

Ubicumque hom5

Homo^ sum,

est,

et nihil

ibi beneficio

human! aHenum

locus

est.

Seneca.

me

put5.

Terentius.^
ebrietas quam voluntaria Insania.
Nihil aliud
Seneca.
Nihil amas cum ingratum amas. Plautus.
Beneficium accipere libertatem estvendere. Syrus.
Faber^ est suae quisque fortunae. Sallust.
^

est

who wrote charming but

light verse in the

of

Roman

rather

golden period

parsimonia: Mrz//.

2.

virtutis

3.

\ocvLs:

4.

Iain a hujftan being, and

actio7i.

opportunity.

nothing belonging to Juunanity

do

/ regard

interest.

as

Terentius Afer,

oidside

Plautus,

more

in

polished form.

1.

virtuous

Publius

lived later than

and wrote comedies

literature.

5-

who

my

6.
Because the drunkard
becomes intoxicated by his own

act.
7.

We

Romans

say architect
said

sjnith.

the

Gaius

Crispus Sallustius wrote history.

LATIN READER

48

Seneca.

Veritas numquam
Seneca.
Alienum aes homini acerba
Syrus.
Audendo^ virtus
tardando^ timor. Syrus.
Cuivis dolor!" remedium
Syrus.
Syrus.
Dellberand5^ saepe
Nemo

iTber est qui corpori servit.^

perit.

est servitus.

crescit,

est patientia.

perit occasi5.

Malum

consilium quod mutarl non potest.

est

Syrus.
Numquam

perlculum

sine

perlculo

vincitur.

Syrus.
Syrus.J

Stultum est querl de adversls,^ ubi culpa est

a slave

1.

is

2.

Another'' s mo?tey

to.

4.

was the

regular expression for ^^^/.

3.

Ablative of the gerund.

cuivis

dolori:

tua.

for any \

pain whatever.
5.

de

versity.

adversis

1
:

about ad-

TALES OF EARLY ROME

Aeneas comes

44.

Troia capta/ Aeneas

f ugerunt,

tibus

Tr5ia

I.

fall

"nade
I

et

capta:

cum

ng

et paucis

the

wooden

horse.

to

Roman

legend, Aeneas,

comi-

quaerebant

chiefs,

was

Roman

power.
2.

The

father, Anchises, did

not live to reach the shores of

Accord-

the real founder of the

through the stratagem

GALL. LAT. READ.

one of the Trojan

after the

siege of ten years captured

)f

patre

alium locum domicilio

of Troy. The Greeks

war upon Troy, and after

|he city

Italy

to

Italy.
3.

49

domicilio

for a

ho?;ie.

50

LATIN READER

Septem annos

Denique ad 5stium Tiberis

errabant.

pervenerunt, et

cum

Latino, rege incolarum

illius

pacem fecerunt.
LatTnus Aeneae filiam
Laviniam in matrimonium dedit. Troiani oppidum
condiderunt, quod Aeneas a nomine uxoris Lavinium ^ appellavit. Vergilius,^ poeta clarissimus, multa
scrlpsit de Troiae exitio et de eis rebus quas Aeneas

regionis/

in Italia fecit.

Post Aeneae mortem Ascanius,

ie

nabat.

filius

urbemque condidit

Longam

'*

in

monte Albano, eamque Albam

appellavit.

Haec urbs longa

qua de causa ^ nomen Alba Longa

Multae coloniae deductae sunt alia in
1.

The

Rome and

country

between

Lavinium

remained

a
its

site is still
3.

than

the

erat et alba,

ei

datum

fever-infested

low-

occupied.

Publius Vergilius Maro

5.

qua. de C3iusa.
:

/or

'w/i2cA

reason.
6.

The Romans spread their

influence rapidly through colo-

author of the Aeneid and other

nies sent

poems.

presented

Nothing remains of Alba

Longa. The town lay along
the shore of beautiful Lake
Alba on the mountains, in a
much more healthful location

was a miniature Rome.

4.

est.

loca.

lands around Lavinium.

the sea.

long time in existence and

2.

Aeneae, reg-

Hic sedem regni in alium locum transtulit,

facts

wherever an opening
itself.

account

for

Each colony
the

These]
extent

and the permanency of Romani

occupation and civilization ini
the ancient world.

LATIN READE%o*^TON UMWEHSt^fY

UeRARY

Rome

45.

Fo2tnded

Silvio^ erant duo filii, Numitor et Amulius.

Hie,
amore imperi adductus,^ pulso"^ fratre, solus regnabat.

nam

filium Numitoris interficit,

Render,

influenced by love of pOTver.

ha7>ing driven
3. pulso

Addit scelerl scelus,

1.

Silvio

Silvius
2.

had

Dative.

tiuo sons.

amore imperi adductus

from

the throne.

LATIN READER

52

gemin5s filids Rheae Silviae, filiae Numitoris, rex

improbus iussit in Tiberim abicl.
E5 tempore aqua Tiberis ultra rlpas fluebat. Aqua
Lupa quae praerefluens^ pueros in sicco reliquit.
steribat pueros curavit d5nec Faustulus, pastor illius
et

regi5nis, eos sustulit, et uxori dedit.

Sic duo puerl, quibus erant nomina R5mulus et

Remus, inter pastores educati sunt.^ Forte compe-

Amulium

rerunt quis ips5rum avus esset.

lo

erant,

quam urbem Romam

vocabant.

Romans and

46.

Sabines Fight

Itaque Sabini ^ bellum parant et arcem

15

interfece-

Numitorl regnum restituerunt. Tum urbem

condiderunt in monte^ prope Tiberim, ubi educati

runt, et

Exercitus

Romanus

Romanum

est,

Hostius

descendit.

Hostilius,

Confestim acies
1.

refluens
i.e.

into

Romana
it /lowed
accustomed

channel.
2.

3.

4.

commissum est.
Romanorum, cecidit.

inclmabatur fusaque

sunt:

were

tip.

The Palatine.
Some Sabine maids had

est.

been stolen by inhabitants of

the new settlement on the Palatine.

educati

brought

Sabini, Mettio Curti5 du-

Proelium

princeps

when
its

occupant.

campum,^ ubi nunc Forum

idem fecerunt.

cente,

back,

in

made

The Sabines

therefore

war.

5.

arcem

6.

campum: only

the Capitoline.

valley at that time.

a marshy

LATIN READER

53

Romulus, ipse turba f ugientium actus/ arma ad^ caelum tollens ita precatus est '* luppiter, hie in Palatio
prima urbi fundamenta ieci. Arcem iam Sabini haInde hue tendunt.^ At tu, pater deorum homibent.
:

numque, hinc arce^ hostes. Deme terrorem Romanls.^

Hanc fugam foedam siste. Hie ego tibi templum
Haec precatus Romulus, *' Romani," inquit,
voveo."

pugnam

" luppiter resistere atque iterare

Restiterunt Romani,

Romulus

tamquam

iubet."

caelesti voce iussi.

ipse ad primores pr5volat.

Romanes quantum

egerat

Mettius Curtius

10

toto for5 spatium est^ et

erat, clamitans:^ " Vicimus

Romanes.
Virgines rapere possunt, sed
cum virls pugnare non possunt " In eum ita gloriantem Romulus cum globo ferocissimorum iuvenum
impetum fecit. Pulsum^ eum Romani persequuntur.

non procul a porta PalatT

perfidos

Romana

Et alia

acies,

audacia regis accensa, fundit

media

convalle

Romani Sabinique diu

et acriter

In

Sabin5s.

1.

ipse

actus:

himself

6.

carried alo7ig by the confused

ally,

thro7ig

in

2.

offugitives.
ad toward.

3.

tendunt

are

directing

their course.
4.
5.

case,

arce

Romanis

Romans.

quantum

.est:

liter-

as 7nuch space as there

the

entire

forum;

is

better

the foriun.
7.

from arceo.

tive,

in the dative

but translate,

montium

pugnant.

English, the entire length of

duorum

from

the

8.
9.

clamitans

frequenta-

shouting repeatedly.

pulsum from pello.

in media convalle
:

the center of the valley.

iji

15

LATIN READER

54

Turn Sabinae mulieres, crinibus

passis,^ inter

tela

volantia se inferunt, et hinc patres, hinc viros orant

finem pugnae faciant.

ut

quies
5

Silentium et repentina

Inde prodeunt duces

fit.

et

foedus faciunt.

Non pacem modo, sed civitatem unam

faciunt, nam Sabinl in urbem Romam

ex duabus
a

Romanis

recepti sunt.

47.

Message from Romtihis

immortalibus operibus^

Multis

magna tempestas
passis

immortalibus

operibus

coorta

factis

est

a Romulo,

cum magno

founding and organizing the

from pando.

1.

2.

subito

city.

LATIN READER
et

tonitribusque,

fragSre

regem

55

dens5 nimbd

tarn

Nee deinde

operuit ut conspectum eius abstulerit.^

terris

Romulus.

fuit

serena et tranquilla

in

Postquam ex tarn turbido die

lux rediit, vacuam sedem regiam

vlderunt^ Romani.
post

Faucis

Romanus quidam, Pr5culus

diebus

contionem prodit. ''Romulus," inquit,

huius urbis, prima hodierna luce^ caelo

nomine,

in

"parens

me

repente delapsus,

Romanis

adlocutus est

ita

caelestes velle

terrarum

posterTs tradant

Albani

Haec

Trouble with Alba

priores^

in

2.

agrum

4-

passuum

caelestes velle: that the

Some believed that Romstorm by

them therefore ctdtivate

killed in the

tary art

held that he had been carried

scendants.

to the heavens.

lo

Romanum impetum

jealous senators, while others

The story

strengthened

the

and

told

6.

sublimis

latter

7.

priores,

etc.

an

fifst to )nake

prima hodierna luce: at

the beginning of this morning's

bery had caused

light.

tive of

8.

let

7nili-

teach their de-

opinion.
3.

orbis

heavenly ones desire.

et tradant
5- colant

was

here

nuntia

Longa

urbe quinque milia

Castra ab

suit clause.

ulus

locutus, sublimis^ abiit."

abstulerit: verb of a re-

1.

Abl

mea Roma caput

rem militarem colant, et

opes humanas armis Rdmanis

nullas

resistere posse.'

fecerunt.

ut

'
:

Proinde

sit.

48.

^;/ /z/^/^.
:

hostilities.

quinque milia:
Extent.

were the
Rob-

attack.

Accusa-

15

LATIN READER

56

Fossa circumdant.

locant.

Fossa Cluilia ab nomine

est, donee cum re

ducis per aliquot saecula appellata

nomen quoque
CluTlius rex
5

vetustate

In his

abolevit.^

castrls

Dictatdrem Albanl Mettium

moritur.

Fufetium creant.

Interim Tullus, nocte praeteritis hostium castrls, in

agrum Albanum

pergit,

Albanus

excivit.

quae res ab

Mettium

castris

quam

dictator ducit milites

celer-

Inde legatum praemissum nuntiare

rime ad hostem.

loTullo iubet, opus esse conloquio.^

Tullus suas copias

Exeunt contra Albani.

Cum paucTs procerum in medium duces procedunt.
Ibi Infit Albanus

educit.

" ST vera potius

15

Utrum

Unum

pretor.'*

1.

donee

til with

also

speciosa dicenda sunt,^ cupido

c5gnat6s vTcInosque populos ad arma

imperi duos
stimulat.

quam

abolevit

Tulle,

tm-

the ditch itself the 7tame

went out of use in the course

there

opus esse conloquio

was

conloquio

that

of a conference.

7ieed
is

a peculiar use of the

Ablative, regularly occurring in

this expression.
3.

vol5.^

Mettius declares, in sub-

stance, that

if

they are to dis-

cuss facts rather than specious

inter-

arguments,

then

Tu

monitum

it

scis

must

be

frankly admitted that lust for

power

is

quarrel

of time.
2.

non

recte an perperam, ego

te,

at the root of their

and

Etruscans

two

rivals

hausted

powerful

the

destroy

will

when they

with

the

are ex-

fighting

each

other.
4.

ego

non interpretor

do not undertake to say.

5.

unum

vol5

yon wariied of one

/ wish

thing.

LATIN READER

57

magis quam ego quanta Etrusca res circa n5s teque

quoniam propior es Tuscis.^ Multum

Memor esto, cum
illi terra, plurimum marl possunt.
signum pugnae dabis, Etrusc5s has duas acies specta-

maxime

sit,

tur5s esse, ut fessos confectosque, simul victdrem et

tent!^

libertate

certa,

dubiam imperi

in

quoniam, n5n con-

Itaque,

adgrediantur.

victum,

servitique

aleam^ imus, ineamus^ aliquam viam qua sine multo

sanguine decerni possit."

The Horatii and Curia Hi

49.

Res TuUo placet. Fortuna viam monstravit, nam

forte in duobus exercitibus erant trigemini fratres,
Cum his agunt^ reges ut pro
Horatii et Curiatii.

10

sua quisque patria dimicent ferro.

Trigemini arma capiunt, et in medium inter duas

Sign5 dat5, term iuvenes conprocedunt.

acies

currunt.

Statim duo RomanI aUus super

1.

Tuscis

propior

should

the

understand

the dangerous situation better

since he

was nearer the Etrus-

content!

the

modifies

aleam:

struggle

-,

liter-

a throw of the dice.

4. ineamus: letusfitid.

ally,

6.

res

refers

to

the sug-

gestion of Mettius, that the two

their

way

diiTerences

ing so

subject of imus.
3.

decerni possit: the inat-

5.

ier can be settled.

kings find a

cans.
2.

ex-

Tres Albani vulneratl sunt.

spirantes ceciderunt.

Roman

ahum

many

might both

of adjusting

without los-

soldiers that they

fall

before the Tus-

cans.
7.

agunt

arrange.

15

LATIN READER

58

Romanes iam spes tota

Unum

deserebat.

Forte

tres Curiatil circumsteterant.

Horatium

integer

is

fuit,

sed, ut distraheret^ hostes, fugit.

lam aliquantum
5

Curiatiis

impetu

cum

spat! fugerat,

baud procul ab sese abesse.

rediit

eum

et

interfecit.

unum e
eum magnc

videt

In

Alterum deinde

necavit.

lam
I.

singull- supererant, sed nee spe nee viribus

ut distraheret

the pur-

pose of his fleeing, so that he

might deal with his foes singly

2,

singuli

one on each side

LATIN READER

59

Nee illud proelium fuit. Romanus Curiatium

Romani gratulantes Horatium domum dedu-

)arcs.^
iccidit.
Lint.

Sepulehra exstant, quo loeo quisque ceeidit, duo

lomana uno loeo propius Albam, tria Albana

vomam

versus.^

King

Treachery of the Alban

50.

Mettius Fufetius, dux

Sed n5n diu mansit pax.^
Albanorum, se invidiosum ^ apud elves videbat, quod
Ut rem
lellum uno paueorum eertamine finivisset.^
orrigeret,

Veientes et Fidenates adversus

Romanos

10

oncitavit.

Duos
Ubi

Tullus Mettia^ imperat ut eeleriter veniat.

;xereitus

\nienem

rex

eontra hostes

transiit, eastra ponit.

Romanus
Inter eum loeum
dueit.

Hi

^idenas exercitus Veientium Tiberim transierat.

n acie prope flumen tenebant dextrum

et

in
eornu
dnistro Fidenates propius montes eonsistunt.^ Tullus
nee spe nee viribus pares

1.

one was wounded while

he other was uninjured.

iince

Romam

2.

versus

toward

RoDie.

5.

finivisset

of the

critics,

hence the sub-

junctive.
6.

rem

7.

Mettio

his unpopularity.
:

he

vassal of Tullus

owed the contest of the Horatii

fight his battles.

md
4.

pax: the peace which

Curiatii did not last lonoj.

invidiosum: impopular.

reason

the

fol-

3.

8.

eonsistunt

position.

is

now

the

and must help

take

their

15

LATIN READER

6o

adversus Veientes derigit suos

Albanos contra

exer-

citum Fidenatium conlocat.

j

quam

Metti5^ non plus animi erat

manere nee aperte

5

transire^ ausus est.

ad montes succedit.

Itaque sensim

Inde, ut tereret tempus,^ ordines

Consilium eius

explicat.

Nee

fidei.

erat,

eventum

proeli exspec-

tare et vict5rem sequi.

R5manl, qui proximi stabant,

sunt, ut latera

territi

sua nudarl digressu sociorum senserunt.

lo citato,''

nuntiat Tull5 abire Albanos.

Eques, equc

Clara voce,

u1

hostes exaudlrent, Tullus equitem increpat his verbis:'

"

15

Redi

Meo

in proelium.

iussu Albani ita faciunt,

u1

nuda terga Fidenatium invadant."

Terror ad hostes transit, nam vocem claram regij
Roman! audiverant, et magna pars Fidenatium Latini
sciebant.'^
Itaque, ne subito ex collibus decursi
Albanorum intercluderentur ab oppido, terga vertunt
Tullus, fus5 Fidenatium cornu, in Veientes redit.

impetum non
Metiins

1.

tulerunt.

had

Alii

transire:

to

3.

ut

tereret

tifne.

4.

equo

of the Albans, which appears

the

Fide-

posed,

to leave the

tempus

to

Tullus

Roman

right ex-,

an offensive
movement planned by himself
is

really

to shut the Fidenates off from

possible retreat into their town.

citato:

with

his

shouts

6.

mans

horse at full speed.

5.

ir

7nore

nates.

gain

Ill

iactantes

710

courage than fidelity.

2.

arma foede

to

the

messenger that the movement

7.

transit:

from

the

Ro-

to their foes.

Latine sciebant

U7ider-

stood the Latin la7iguage.

LATIN READER

quam

caecl ruebant

alii,

dum

6l

cunctantur in

ripis,

fugae pugnaeque consilium, oppress! sunt.

Turn Albanus exercitus, spectator certaminis, in
;amp6s a Mettio deductus est. Mettius Tull5 gratuContra^ Tullus Mettium benigne adloquitur,
atur.
titer

;t

Albanos

castris

icium lustrale

Sacri-

Punishment of a Traitor

51.

Ubi

in

Romanis se iungere iubet.

diem posterum parat.

inluxit,^

Tullus utrumque exercitum

vocari ad

Praecones, ab extreme

;6nti6nem iubet.

/ocaverunt Albanos.

orsi,^

primos

regem Romanum con-

Hi, ut

10

Armata
ionantem audirent, proximi constiterunt.
neg5tium
Centuri5nibus
egio Romana circumdatur.
latum

Fum
"

ut

erat,

Roman!,

sine

Tullus

ita infit

s!

mora imperia exsequerentur.

umquam

2nim non magis

cum

t^xi\xl.\

sacrificium

purification

rites,

lustrale
after

so

3.

in

diem posterum: for

4.

inliizit

day.
:

on the day

fol-

Dimicavistis
proditione

lowing the battle.

5. utrumque

exercitum:

the

Roman army and

Alban

nuch bloodshed.

fuit.

dis 15

agere de-

quam cum

hostibus

in reply.

1.

2.

primum

virtut!, gratias

hesternum proelium

Debatis,^ id

'he following

in bello,

ull5

mmortalibus, deinde vestrae

their

allies.

participle of ordior.

6.

orsi

7.

gratias

you ought

to

agere debebatis

thank.

LATIN READER

62
ac

Ea

Nam, iie v5s falsa opinic

meo Albanl subierunt ad montes
non oinniuQi Albanorum est; ducem secut

perfidia

teneat,

sociorum.

iniussu

culpa

Mettius

sunt.

idem

ille

est ductor itineris huius.

machinator huius belli est.

Roman! Albanlque ruptor est."
^

Mettiuj

Mettius foederis

Centuriones armati Mettium circumsistunt.

Turn

Tullus

"Albani, mihi est

[o

banum
I.

tradiicere

idem:

also.

in

animo populum omnem Alet unam urbem facere.

Romam,-

2.

Romam

to

LATIN READER

quondam

Jt ex un5

sic

livisa est,-

nunc

AlbanT, inermes

in

duos populos Albana res^

in

unum

et

ab armatis saepti,

Turn rex Romanus

:enent.

63

redibit."

silentium

Metti Fufeti,^ tu non potes discere fidem ac foedera

Itaque mitem disciplinam adhibere ego non
jervare.
"

Dossum.

Quoniam tuum ingenium

supplicia

doce

:iuae

humanum genus

Insanabile

est,

tu5

ea sancta credere,

Ut paulo ante animum inter

Romanosque ancipitem gessisti, ita iam

a te violata sunt.

'

Fldenates

10

:orpus passim distrahetur."

Mettium, deinde
equi concitati sunt, lacerum corpus

Duabus quadrigis admotis,

diversum

in

iter^

inligat

quo spectaculo omnes oculos averterunt.

iportantes, a

Captured by Trickery

52.

Urbem Gabi5s Tarqulnius Superbus

fill,

in se

conquerens.

Albana

res

the

Alban

commonwealth.
ing of

ber

Rome.
Metti

3.

remem-

how proper names

in -ius

in

diversum iter

fraude

through

the

trickery.
6.

Fufeti

it

was

showed

self-

which

he

patris saevitiam:

said that he even

inflicted

wounds,

claimed had been inflicted by

form the vocative.

4.

site directions,
5-

divisaest: at the found-

2.

cepit fraude^is

qui ad Gabinos se contulit, patris saevitiam^

Sexti

:///

i^//^-

the king.

LATIN READER

64

Benigne

Gabinis

benevolentiam

exceptus,

consequitur.

paulatim

eorum

Ad postremum^

dux

belli factus est.

Turn e
5

quid

vellet.

hortum

unum^ ad patrem

suls

Pater nuntid

altissima

papaverum capita decussit

Nuntius,

nihil,

inambulans, sequente

ubi

transiit,

qui rogabal

mittit,

respondit

fill

exspectando,

fessus

sed

in

nuntio,'

baculo.
rediit

'*

Gabios;

Sextus, cognito silentio patris et facta, intellexit quid

lo

vellet

Itaque

pater.

patrique

urbem

primores

HoratIMS

53.

civitatis

interfecit

sine proelio tradidit.

at the Bridge
1

Porsennam, regem Clusi,^ fugr'

et Etruscos orabat ne se exsulare paterentur.
Hi;
precibus auditis, Porsenna magno cum exerciti
Tarquinius^

15

Romam

ad

profectus

Non umquam

est.

alias

ante

tantus

terror

senaturr

occupavit, adeo validum turn Clusium erat

magnum

que Porsennae nomen.

I

1.

2.

ad postremum: finally.
e suis unum: one of his

3.

tive

sequente nuntio
Absolute,

following
4.

Gabios

6.

After

Tarquin's

sion from

staff.

the

Abla-

?nesse?iger

hi7n.

fessus exspectando

ried by waitifig.

eral

wea-

Rome

attempts

expul

he made sev

to

regain

the

throne.
7.

Limit of Motion

5.

most
cities.

Clusium was among the

famous of the Tuscan

LATIN READER

R5manl ex

urbem demigrant

agris in

et earn prae-

Pons sublicius^ hostibus iter dare

mllitis urbem ab hoc periculo

saepiunt.

iidiis

65

sed virtus unius

DOterat,

Iberavit.

Hie unus, Horatius nomine, positus forte in statione

vTdit laniculum captum ab Etruscis et hostes

iDontis,'^

iecurrere ad pontem.
Milites praesidi perterritl

Hos

juunt.

arma ordinesque

reprehensans

Horatius

relin-

singulos

ita

nonet

10

"

Nequiquam fugitis, praesidio deserto;^ nam,

)ontem a tergd relinquetis, iam plus hostium
r'alatio

Capitolioque erunt

quam

in Ianicul5.

si

in

Inter-

pontem ferr5 aut igni. Ego impetum

quantum potero,^ excipiam."
Vadit inde in prlmum aditum pontis,^ et miraculo

umpite

lostium,

pso audaciae

hostes

15

Duo Romani,

obstupefecit.

Spurius Larcius et Titus Herminius nomine, secuti

>unt,

pud5re adducti,

et hi

primam

periculi procellam

justinebant.

Deinde,

1.

20

exigua

pons sublicius

:onnected

the

city

parte

this bridge

with

2.
:

positus

in

statione pon-

he bridge.
3.

4.

as

statmied on picket duty at

eis

if

GALL. LAT. READ.

you

pontem

quantum potero

I can.
5, primum aditum

the begijtning
to the bridge^

praesidio deserto

qui

forsake your post.

the

Etruscan side of the river.

is

relicta,

as far
pontis

of the approach
on the Tuscan

side of the river.

LATIN READER

66
rescindebant

Horatius

revocantibus/

du5s

amlcos

suos cedere in tutum coegit.

Circumferens minaciter oculos ad proceres Etrusc5rum, nunc singulos provocat, nunc omnes increpat.
,

Aliquamdiu
spectant.^
I.

the

cunctatl

llflllllliHllM^^;^,

Alius

sunt.

alium

Pudor deinde aciem commovit,

revocantibus
three

/l/iijl

Romans

calling to
to

back before the bridge

hasten
fell.

alius

2.

tant

other.

t/iey

Plp_

circum-

et

clam5re

alium circumspec-!
look one

toward

an-

LATIN READER

unum hostem

sublato undique in

6/

rum impetum hostium

''Tiberine

pater,

R5mano-

Turn Horatius
haec arma et hunc

sustinuit.

te

Sed

tela coniciunt.

subito auditur fragor rupti pontis, et clamor

precor,

militem propitio flumine accipe."

Ita

armatus

cidentibus

Tiberim

in

tells,^

desiluit et, multis superin-

incolumis ad suos tranavit.

Statua Horati in comitio posita

circumarare potuit

lino die

ei

Agri quantum

est.

datum

est.

Mucins Scaevola

54.

primo conatu ^ repulsus, consiliis ab

oppugnatione ad obsidionem versis, praesidio in
Porsenna,

10

laniculo locato, ipse in ripis Tiberis castra posuit.

C. Mucins, adulescens nobilis, penetrare in EtrusSenatum adit. " Transire
constituit.

corum castra

Tiberim," inquit,

Magnum,

volo.

Approbant

'*

et intrare, si potero, castra

si

hostium

15

animo est facinus."

Abdito intra vestem ferro, pro-

di iuvant, in

patres.

ficiscitur.

Ubi

in

hostium castra

tribunal

dabatur.
1.

telis:

constitit.

venit, in turba

Ibi

Mucins Porsennam

ignorat, et scribam

forte

cum

multis superincidentibus

Pons Sublicius which Horatius

Ablative Absolute, //z^;/^//

held

maiiy weapons fell above him.

2.

stipendium

prope regium

militibus

primo

conatu:

at

the

so

courageously.

Por-

senna was compelled to resort

to a siege.

20

LATIN READER

68

sedentem

rege

,4*

''"'

Comprehensus a regiis
regem deductus, Mucius " Romanus

interfecit.

custodibus, et ad

'

'in

sum,"

inqiiit,

Hostis hostem

**civis;
^

sanimi est quam

I.

me Gaium Mucium

occidere volui, nee ad

fuit

ad caedem.

hostis hostem:

Mucius asks

mortem minus

Et facere
for

vocant.

no

favor.

et pati

LATIN READER

Romanum

fortia

gessi

Nee Onus

est.^

longus post

me

69

in te

ego hos animos^

ordo est idem petentium decus.^

Ferrum hostemque in vestibule regiae habebis.

Romana, tibi bellum indicimus."

Nos,

iuventus

Infensus ira

Rex,

circumdari Mucio

periculoque conterritus, ignes

Sed Mucins ipse dextram

iussit.

suam accenso ad sacrificium foculo iniecit. Tum

Porsenna ab sede sua prosiluit et iuvenem ab altaribus
amoveri

iussit,

clamitans

"

Te

iure belli llberum

nunc dimitto."
Rediit

10

Romam

Mucins, cui postea a clade dextrae

cognomen Scaevolae ^ datum

Honesty of Fabricius

55.

Ex

est.

ad Pyrrhum

venerant fuit Gaius

Ei obtulit Pyrrhus munera atque aurum,

legatis qui

Fabricius.^

'

quae repudiavit Fabricius.

1.
The subject of est is pati;
Romanum is a predicate adjec-

tive.

hos animos

3.

longus

behind

this feeling.

decus

there

me a

ing Porsenna).
4.

5.

iure belli libenim

:

from

the

/r^^^

law of war.

6. Scaevola
the
word
means left-handed.
this famous
7. Pyrrhum:
warrior had come into Italy to
:

2.

long li7ie of those

seeking the saine glory (of slayis

15

ignes

of torture.

assist the

resisted

Mu-

8.

southern

Roman

Gains Fabricius

cius anticipates

man

consul

of

ing his

frugal habits

and

on the

him by thrustown hand into the fire

altar.

tegrity.

that

cities

control.
:

the

a Ro-

most

strictest

in-

LATIN READER

70

Poster5 die rex, qui Pyrrhum exterrere conspectu

subito elephantl volebat, imperavit suis ut, Fabrlci5

secum conloqiiente/ belua post aulaeum admoveretur.

Quod
5

ubi factum

est,

sign5 dat5 remotoque aulaeo,

belua stndorem horrendum

emlsit,

et

proboscidem

super Fabric! caput demisit.

Sed
"

subridens

ille,^

Neque

heri

me aurum tuum

pellexit,

neque hodie^

terruit belua tua."

lo

Fabric! admlratus virtutem Pyrrhus ilium secreto

invTtavit ut patriam desereret et

parte etiam regni

respondit

**

Si

sul

me

ad se venlret, quarta

oblata.^

virum bonum

Regi Fabricius

ita

me

vis

iudicas, cur

"

15

corrumpere ? Sin ver5 malum, cur me invitas ?

Medicus regis ^ nocte ad Fabrlcium venit elque
pollicitus est

**

Si

praemium mihi

ita

Pyrrhum

dabis,

veneno necabo."
Hunc Fabricius vinctum reduci
iussit ad dominum, et Pyrrho did quae contra caput'
Turn rex dixisse fertur
eius medicus spopondisset.
:"

20

" Ille est Fabricius, qui difficilius ab honestate^

"
s5l a suo cursu potest averti!

Fabricio

quente

wJiile

talking with
2.

dixit

sed
is

secum

conlo-

Fabricius

was

iiini.

ille

some word

like

understood.

3.

quarta ... oblata ^r^^w-

ising

him even a fourth part

quam

of his kingdom.
Pyrrhus.

4.

regis

5.

contidiCSi^Mi: against his

life.

6.

fertur

7.

ab honestate

is

said.

pathway of honor.

from

the

"

LATIN READER

71

Ambition Denounced

56.

Cineas,^ legatus in Pyrrhl castrls, consilia regis

semper probabat.^
Quondam Pyrrhus
Cineas

et

tibi in
**

animo

Italiae

facere, 5 rex

**
:

Occupata

Africam," inquit,

"Tum

"quid

est

"
?

Sicilia,

nee

*'

quid postea f acies

nondum mentem Cineae

Rex, qui

Ttaliam superare,
inquit,

earn armis occupare."

Tum Cineas

quieti

vicina est Sicilia," inquit Pyrrhus,

difficile erit

Cineas

dixit se velle

Superatis R5manls "

'*

non

*'

transire mihi in

perspiciebat,

anim5

*'

In

est."

10

"

"

Quid deinde,
rex ?
denique, ml Cineas," inquit Pyrrhus, "nos^

dabimus."

Celeriter respondit Cineas

quietem iam nunc

possidere

57.

"

At

cur non vis istam

"
?

i^

Ha7inibar s Jest

In libris veterum memoriarum^ scrlptum est^

Hannibalem^ Carthaginiensem apud regem Antio-

chum
1.

facetissime cavillatum esse.

Cineas: one of the ablest

lieutenants Pyrrhus had.

ter

2.

probabat: approve.

superatis

Romanis

6.

7.
:

af-

Dative.

Italiae

5.

nos: Accusative.

this

mo-

veterum memoriarum

^y

the old records.

conquering the Romaiis.

4.

iam nunc: at

uient.

8.
is

scrlptum est

the subject

Hannibalem cavillatum esse.

9. Hannibalem: the distin-

LATIN READER

72

Ea

cavillatio huiusce

modi

fuit

Ostendebat ei Antiochus in campo copias ingentis,

quas comparaverat ut populo Romano bellum inferret.
Convertebat exercitum insignibus argenteis et aureis
^

Inducebat etiam currus

elephantos cum turribus et equitatum
monilibus, phalerls praefulgentem.

5fl5rentem.

Atque

ibi rex,

lo

'*

Putasne,"

omnia

falcibus et

frenis, ephippiis,

contemplatione tanti ac tam ornati

gloriabundus,

exercitus

cum

inquit,

Hannibalem adspicit, et
Romanis haec
esse^

"satis

Tum

Poenus, eludens ignaviam imbelliamque

mllitum eius preti5se armat5rum, respondit
*'
Romanis haec
Satis, plane satis, esse credo
IS

omnia, etiamsi avarissimi sunt."

tam lepide neque tam acerbi

Rex de numero exercitus sul quaesiverat

Nihil prorsum neque

did

potest.

respondit Hannibal de praeda.

The Heavenly Bodies

58.

20 et

Mundus est
extra quem

universitas rerum, in

after

of the

the final successes

Romans

retired to the

court of Antiochus.
I.

insignibus:

quo omnia sun

nihil est.

guished Carthaginian general

who

to

nected with florentem.

be con-

2.

satis esse

to be enougi

a match for.
3. This treatise on the heav
enly bodies was written by Lu
be

for^

i.e.

cius

AmpeHus, who

third century A.D.

lived in

tht

LATIN READER
Elementa mundi sunt quattuor
aqua, ex qua 5ceanus est

caelum
'et

tempestates sunt

orbem

terra,

quam

73

ex quo est

ignis,

qu5 venti

aer, ex

propter

formam

eius

terrarum appellamus.

sunt

Caell regiones

quattuor

occidens,

oriens,

septentrio.

meridies,

Caelum

dividitur

et antarcticum,^

in

qui ob

circulos

quinque

nimiam vim

arcticum

frigoris inhabita-

sunt; aequinoctialem, cui subiacet^ regio quae

brumalem
non incolitur ob nimiam vim ardoris
habitatur,^ sunt enim
et solstitialem, sub quibus
jtemperatissimi, per quos oblTquus circulus^ vadit
cum duodecim signis in quibus sol annuum conficit
biles

10

cursum.

Signa sunt in caelo duodecim

Aries, beneficio Llberl,^ quod,

15

cum

is^

exercitum^ in

Indiam per Libyam duceret per loca sicca et arenosa,

1.

To

the

consisted
the

Romans

the world

of the lands

about

Mediterranean, and these

were arranged, roughly, in the

form of a circle (orbis).

These

2.

divisions

corre-

earth.
3.

cui subiacet

wider which

4.

habitatur:

used

Translate,

men

ecliptic,

the appar-

heavens.
6.

beneficio Liberi

through

7.

imperdwell,

is

refers to Liber,

who

was said to have journeyed to

the most distant parts of the
earth

ship

lies.

sonally.

The

the favor of Liber.

spond to similar ones upon the

5.

ent pathway of the sun in the

8.

when spreading

among

exercitum:

followers.

his

wor-

the nations.
his train

of

LATIN READER

74

cum aquae inopia esset et exercitus

aries els aquam demonstravit.
Taurus, qui sensum
bat;
5

is

humanum

adfligeretur

sit!

figura tauri contine

Europam Agenoris flliam Cretam^de

Ob earn rem luppiter inter sidera eum posuit

lovis iussu

portavit.

Gemini, quos

Castorem

alii

Cancer, receptus

inter

Pollucem dlcunt.

et

sidera

benefici5 lunonis

quod eius^ iussu, cum Hercules missus esset ut hydran

Lernaeam, quam nos excetram dicimus, interficeret
locarcinus, qui Herculis pedes et crura laniabat, incom

modiorem

eum quam

f aciebat

Ob

ipsa excetra.

ic

factum carcinum Iun5 inter sidera posuit.

Leo, quem Hercules dicitur interfecisse, eiusqu
pellem postea pro tegumento habuisse. Leonen
i5caelesti dignitate luno est honorata.
Virgo,
minibus.

quam nos

lustitiam dicimus,'' fuit

cum

he

Sed postquam homines male facere coepe

runt, luppiter

eam

inter signa posuit.

Libra, qui primus dicitur librae pondus hominibu

20

invenisse, ideoque in

numerum

stellarum receptus

est

Libra est dictus.

et

Scorpius,

I.

qui ad pernlciem

Cretam Limit of Motion

The
no preposition.
:

hence,

fable of the carrying

away

of

Orlonis^
eius

2.

natus

refers to

Juno,

incommodiorem
eum made him more
3.

facieba"

trouble.

a person-

4.

dicimus

ification of the colonization of

5.

ad perniciem Orionis

Europa by the
the

West from

bull

is

the East.

the destruction

est

call.

of Orion.

fo)

Ac-

LATIN READER
uppiter et scorpionem et

Orlonem

75
inter sidera re-

epit.

Sagittarius, quern

Capricornus, cui

Musae semper dilexerunt.

nomen Pan est. Quo tempore^

fyphon profectus est ad bellum,^ Pan se

iguram convertit.

caprae

in

Dii immortales, igitur, postquam

ryphonem digna poena

adfecerunt, Pana'' astr5rum

nemoria decoraverunt.
Aquarius, qui dicitur esse Deucalion^ Thessalus,
[Ui, cum maximo cataclysmo cum uxore Pyrrha s5lus
ivasisset,

pietatis causa inter sidera locatus

Pisces, quia bello

Gigantum^ Venus

in

lo

est.

piscem se

ransfiguravit.

Praeter^ haec duodecim signa, potentissima sidera

Septentriones duo, Maior et Minor,^

'

n caelo sunt

merguntur,^ ideoque navium cursus re^unt; Bo5tes, idem^ Arcturus; Orion, qui magnitu-

numquam

\m

:ording

the

to

fable

Orion

)oabted that he could slay any-

the accusative.

lion

vhereupon the gods, angered

tion

it

his audacity, sent the scor-

)ion to slay
1

him.

quo tempore

bellum

3.

digna poena

ed under

ai the time

against the gods.

:

he was bur-

Mount Aetna

for his

mpiety.
4.

the Flood."
6.

vhen.
2.

For the story of Deucaand Pyrrha, see the selecfrom Ovid, " Creation and

5.

hing that came from the earth,

Pana: a Greek form of

bello

Gigantum

the war

of the Giants upon the gods.

7-

praeter

8.

Maior

m addition to.
et

Minor:

the

Great Bear and the Little Bear,

9.

merguntur:

i.e.

the horizon.
10.

idem: also

called.

below

15

LATIN READER

^6

dine sua dimidiam cael! obtinet partem

.qui

Latine Vergiliae dicuntur

et occasus a nautis et

Pleiades,

ab agricolls observantur

cula, cuius vis praecipue solstitio est.

5

Hyades, quarum ortus

tissimae in caelo sunt septem

Cani-

Stellae poten-

Saturnus, Sol, Luna,

Mars, Mercurius, luppiter, Venus, quae a Graecis

planetae, a

trium

nobis

erraticae dicuntur,

suum vagantur

moderantur.

et

quia ad

motu suo hominum

arbi-

fata

EARLY HYMNS
59.

Morning Song

Fulgentis auctor

aetheris,

QuT lunam lumen 2 noctibus,

Solem dierum cursibus
Certo fundasti tramite

^
;

Nox atra iam depellitur,

Mundi nitor renascitur,
Novusque iam mentis vigor,
Dulces

in actus erigit

Laudes sonare iam tuas

Dies relatus admonet,

Vultusque caell blandior

Nostra serenat pectora.
There are many hymns of

earlier

than the fourth century,

given here, some of

i.

Vocative,

They

2.

lumen: as the

light.

were produced and used by the

3.

cert5 tramite

the unerr-

the

sort

them
^early
first

very

beautiful.

Christian Church in the

centuries of

No hymns

its

ing accuracy of the heavenly

bodies in their movements did

existence.

of which the authors'

not escape the

names are known are found

ancients.
77

notice of the

LATIN READER

yS

Vitemus^ omne lubricum,^

Declinet prava^ spiritus,
Vitam facta non ^ inquinent,
Lingua in culpa n5n implicet.

De Vzfd Hominis

60.

Vita nostra, plena bellis/

Inter hostes, inter

More

Nulla lux
Nulla nox

Et

10

arma

belli vivitur.
it
it

absque pugna,
absque luctu,

salutis alea.^

Sed tim5ris omnis

expers,'

Stabo firmus inter arma,

Nee timebo vulnera.

Non morabor hostis Iras,

Non timebo publicasve
^

15

Callidasve machinas.
1

vitemus

2.

lubricum,

let 21s

pery^ crooked.

formal

niore

a fierce warfare with the

avoid.

prava

slip-

Translate

by

5.

risk.

such

as

6.

timoris

terms,

wrong., evil.
3.

In

fear.

more

classical

Latin

pars,

therefore

of non.

Whole.
:

filled with

is

pictured, as

plena bellis

struggles.

Life

7.

give

expers

withom\

The base of expers

a part. The genitive

ne would be here used instead

4.

pow

ersofevil.

non
710

Genitive

morabor

heed

to.

of

\i

is

the

/ shall

LATIN READER

79

Ecce, caell lapsus arcu

Atque

spissa

nube

tectus,

Rector ipse siderum,

Contra saevos mentis hostes

Proeliantem me tuetur,
Bella pro

me

suscipit.^

Franget arcus et sagittas,

Ignibusque- sempiternis

Arma

tradet hostium.

Erg5 stabo

sine metu
Generose superabo

Hostium saevitiam.
I.

undertakes,

2.

Indirect object of tradet.

FROM THE PSALMS

Psalmus I

6i.

Beatus vir,^ qui non abiit in consilio impiorum, et ir

via peccatorum non stetit, et in cathedra pestilentiat

non sedit
Sed in lege Domini voluntas
5

eius, et in lege eiu:

meditabitur die ac nocte.-

Et

erit

tamquam lignum^ quod plantatum est secu;

suum dabit in tem

decursus aquarum, quod fructum

pore suo

Et folium eius non defluet

10 f aciet

et

omnia quaecumqu ,1

prosperabuntur.

N5n

n5n

sic impii,

sic,

sed

tamquam

quen

pulvis,

proicit ventus a facie terrae.

Ideo non resurgent impii in iudicio, neque pecca

tores in concilio iustorum.
15

Quoniam
impiorum

Dominus viam iustorum

novit

et

ite

peribit.

The Shepherd Psalm

62.

Dominus

regit

me,

In loco pascuae

et nihil

ibi

me

mihi deerit.

conlocavit.

Super aquair

refectionis educavit me.

1.

Supply

2.

die ac

Time

3-

est.

node

Ablative of

tamquam lignum:

t7-ee.

within which.

4-

80

regit

^//r^<:/^.

as

1:

LATIN READER

Animam meam

convertit.

mitas iustitiae, propter

Nam,

et^

si

ambulaver5

baculus tuus, ipsa^

me

super

se-

nomen suum.
in

non timebo mala, quoniam tu

et

Deduxit

me

medio umbrae mortis,

mecum es. Virga tua

consolata sunt.

meo mensam, adversus eos

me. Impinguasti in oleo caput meum, et

Parasti^ in conspectu
qui tribulant
icalix

mens inebrians^ quam^ praeclarus

est!

Et misericordia tua subsequetur me omnibus diebus

vltae meae, et ut inhabitem^ in domo Domini in Ionigitudinem dierum/
1.

et

2.

ipsa:

ferring to

evejt.

5.

neuter plural, re-

two inanimate things

of different gender.
3.

parasti

6.

Result clause

shortened from

7.

riinningover.

GALL. LAT. READ.

so that

in longitudinem

n7ito the length

inebrians

Modifies

shall even dwell.

paravisti.
4.

quam: howl

praeclarus.

forever.

dierum

of the days,

i.e.

MYTHS OF THE ROMANS

Creation

63.

and

the

Flood

Neque sol neque luna lume

neque mare fuit.
Turn deu

Principio^ erat chaos.

Neque

dabat.

terra

terras caelo, terris undas,

subsidere,

surgere, valles
stegi

Sidera

silvas.

Unda''

caelo.

campos

coeperunt

pisces,

lussit

monte

extendi,

frond

abscidit.^

terra

effervescere

aer

feras,

tot

volucre

cepit.

Natus est^ homo. Opifex rerum hominem in eff

giem deorum finxit. Animalia cetera^ terram spec
lotant, sed deus os homini sublime^ dedit
caelur
;

videre

iussit, et

ad

sidera. tollere vultus.

Primo erat aetas aurea,^ quae, sponte

Publius Ovidius Nas5, a

1.

Roman

who

poet

lived

from

43B.C. to 17 A.D., wrotea poem

called MetaiHorphoses.
What
appears

here

is

simplified

form of that portion of

it

which

abscidit

unda

5.

natus est:

the water.

from nasco

be born.
6.

animalia cetera

the otheX

creatures.

describes creation and the flood.

7.

sublime: lifted up.

So

8.

aetas aurea

far as possible

the poet
2.

ning.

is

the style of

at

the

the

Golde%

Age.

retained.

principio:

sin

separated.

3.
4.

sua,^

begin-

9.

sponte sua:

accord.

of

its

owt

LATIN READER

83

N5n tuba,^ non

rectumque colebat.^
Tellus, rasgaleae, n5n ensis erant.
Ver erat aetertro intacta, omnia per se^ dabat.
num, et zephyr! mulcebant flores qui sine semine
Flumina lactis et flumina nectaris fluenascebantur.
Sub Saturno^
bant; de viridi ilice stillabant mella.
fidem

lege,

cornua, non

erat

mundus

totus.

Postea Saturnus tenebrdsa in Tartara missus

mundus sub love

deterior
traxit,^

quam

Turn

erat.

est, et

subiit^ aetas argentea,

luppiter tempora veris con-

aurea.

ver spatiis quattuor

annum

urebatur,

et

Tum

exegit.

semina longis

sulcis

aer siccis

Tum
Tum primum

facta

glacies

primum^ homines subierunt domus.

est.

obruta sunt, et press! iugo^ ge-

muerunt iuvencT.
Aetas tertia fuit aenea, saevior^

et

ad arma horrida

promptior.^

De duro
1.

colebat

ferro fuit aetas ultima.

the

subject

subiit

Pudor

5.

6.

contraxit

Golden Age are in the mind

7.

primum

of the poet.

non tuba,
per se

etc.

i.e.

there

shortened.

for the

first

8.

press!

iugo

burdened

with the yoke.

:

i.e.

without

ciil-

tivation.
4.

verum

time.

was no war.
3.

et

came on.

is

but the people of the

2.

10

per hiemes et aestus et autumnos et breve

et

fervoribus

aetas,

sub Saturno

dominion of Saturn.

Jinder the

g.

saevior et promptior

the

comparison is between the

Bronze Age and the two which
preceded.

15

LATIN READER

84

Non

et fides f ugerunt.

hospes

ab hospite tutus

Fratrum quoque gratia rara fuit.

Turn pater omnipotens^ ingemuit.

rum
5

erat.

Concilium deoEst via

Tenuit mora nulla vocatos.^

vocavit.

manif esta sereno, quae Lactea

sublimis, caelo

habet, canddre notabilis ipso.^

Hac^

ad magnl Tonantis domum.

Omnes

nomen

iter est superis^

convenerunt.

Turn luppiter ora^ indignantia talibus modis solvit:

"

Perdendum

est mortale genus."

Dicta lovis voce

loprobant omnes, et iam luppiter erat sparsurus

mina

Sed timuit

in totas terras.

^^

ab ignibus flammas conciperet.

15

f ul-

ne forte aether tot

Tela" reponuntur

manibus fabricata Cyclopum. Poena placet diversa,

genus mortale sub undis perdere et ex omni caelo
nimbos demittere. Protinus Aeoliis in antrls Aquilo-

nem

claudit

^^

et

non hospes,

1.

was

quaecumque fugant flamina nubes.

etc.:

friend

2.

pater omnipotens: Jupiter.

3.

vocatos

the

participle

Lactea: via

5.

candore ipso

its

is
:

understood.
because of

very brightness.

hac

7.

superis

for

who

dwell above.
8.

gry

ora, etc.
lips in

10.

opened his an-

such fashion.

luas

fear

was

that

by the

conflagration

fire

of the thun-

derbolt.
tela:

the thunderbohs.
to be

made by

the giants called Cyclopes.

12.

Jupiter's

started

11.

those

the entire universe might be

These were said

understand via.

6.

sparsunis

destroyed in a

modifies de5s, understood.

4.

erat

9.

about to scatter.

not safe fro7n fric7id.

Aquilonem

claudit:

be-

cause that wind would drive

away the

rain clouds.

LATIN READER

Notum/

Emittit

85

qui evolat madidls

Est barba

alis.

gravis nimbis, canis fluit

unda

nebulae, roranf pennae.

Ut pendentia nubila manu

pressit,

nuntia

iris,

lunonis,

N5n

sad

caelo

caeruleus

ilium

aquas

concipit

Sternuntur

adfert.

labor.

longi
[ra,

fragor, inclusi funduntur ab aethere nimbi,

fit

nubibus

fronte sedent

capillis,

alimentaque
perit

anni

suo contenta erat

lovis

segetes

f rater

iuvat

auxiliaribus

undis.

amnes, at haec dixit " Vires effunIdite vestras.

Aperite^ domos.
FluSic opus est.
Iminibus^ vestris totas immittite habenas."
lusserat.
i

Convocat hie

10

Et defrenato
Neptunus tridente ^ suo
percussit terram.
Ilia intramuit motuque vias pate- 15
fecit aquarum.
Flumina ruunt per apertos campos.
lamque mare et tellus nullum discrimen habebant.
Omnia pontus erant.
Occupat hic^ collem, in cumba sedet alter,^ et
ducit
remos ubi niiper araverat.
Ille
super 20

|Hi redeunt, ac fontibus ora relaxant.

'cursu volvuntur in aequora.

segetes aut mersae culmina villae navigat, hic piscem

I.

Notus brought the mois-

ture-laden

clouds

from

the

5.

fluminibus

give all rein

to your strea?ns.

sea.
2.

waters flow forth,

f rater:

Neptune, brother

and lord of the

Df Jupiter

Neptune.

3.

hic

4.

aperite:

sea.

i.e.

6.

7.

to let the

the symbol of

tridente:

his power.
hic, alter

Similarly, ille

and

one, another.
hic below.

LATIN READER

S6

summa

deprendit in

fulvosque

Nat lupus

ulmo.^

unda

vehit

inter oves,

Pulsabant

leones.

fluctus

montana cacumina.
Maxima pars hominum unda
quibus^ unda pepercit, ill5s domat inopia
rapitur
;

vTctus.

Mons ubi Parnasus^ petit astra, eo^

cum coniuge, Pyrrha, nam cetera

lion

amans aequi

Ille

fuit;^

deorum metuens

venit Deucatexerat aqua,

fuit ilia.

Ul

unum

luppiter videt superesse virum de tot milibus

superesse de tot milibus unam, innocuos ambos

loet

Aqui

cultores numinis ambos, nubila disiecit, nimbis

lone remotis, caelo terras ostendit et aethera terris

Nee maris Ira manet. Mulcet aquas rector pelagl.'

Caeruleum Tritona vocat, conchaeque sonant! inspl
IS

rare iubet.

Signo dato, flumina subsldunt

videntur.

lam mare

Redditus orbis

Deucalion
"
20

ita

1.

/;/

//le

The antecedent

of the relative

is illos.
:

the mountain

where Delphi was.

an adverb.
4. eo
cetera:

cept this height.

/.^. all

amans aequi

7.

who

rector pelagi

i.e..

was

lovea

Neptune.

directs his trumpeter, Tri-

blow into his ringing

and so signal the return

ton, to

places ex-

fuit

lover of uprightness,
uprightness.

shell

5.

humus
inanem

6.

Parnasus

vidit

femina sola superstes, nos duo po

Nunc genus ir
possedit cetera pontus.

of pepercit.

3.

colles exin

indirect object

Surgit

Quem postquam

erat.

summa ulmo

in

/op of an elm.
2.
quibus

habet.

Pyrrham adfatur

coniunx,

pulus sumus

litus

of the waters.

LATIN READER

8/

Sic visum est

nobis restat mortale duobus.

Superis

hominum exempla manemus."

Dixerat,
precari

Tandem

flebant.

et

Hoc

numen.

facto,

tunt, et lapides, mirabile dictu

brevi spatio saxa missa viri

virorum, et

^
!

mox forma hominis

coeperunt, et

placuit-

caeleste

lapides post terga mit-

deponere duritiem
In

videri potest.

manibus faciem traxerunf*

de femineo iactu reparata est femina.

Inde^ genus durum sumus.

1.

visum

has seetned

est:

2.
i.e.

placuit

//

pleased them,

mirabile

fid to relate.

dictU

ness

traxerunt

stones

they

lost

took on.
their

assumed

As

hard-

human

form.

they resolved.
3.

4.

the

c^ood.

wotder-

5.

inde

men were

from the

fact that

created from rocks.

ABBREVIATIONS
abl.

VOCABULARY
a,

ab, prep. 7vith abl.^ from,

from;

at,

away

tus (ad and capio, take), re-

on; by.

ceive;

accept.

ab, see a.

accurate, adv., carefully.

abd5, abdere, abdidi, abditus (do,

accurro, accurrere, accurri or ac-

put), put away, hide, conceal,

curr5, run), run to, run up.

tus (duco, lead), lead away, take

acer,

abire, abii,

abiturus (eo,

abicere,

(iacio,

abieci,

acerbus,

abiectus

sharp;

bitter,

sour;

/,

line of battle, battle

line.

actio, actionis,/, act, action,

abscidi,

actus,

abscissus, divide, separate, part.

abl.,

(equals ab)

-lis,

m., deed, act.

ad, prep, with

without,

ace,

toward,

to,

against; near; for.

abstineo, abstinere, abstinui, abs-

(abs

-um,

acriter, adv., sharply, vigorously,

abscindere,

absque, prep, with

-a,

acies, -ei,

die out, disappear,

tentus

keen,

harsh, disagreeable.

throw), throw away, hurl.

abolesco, abolescere, abolevi,

abscindo,

acre,

acerbe, adv., keenly, sharply.

go), go away, depart.

abicio,

acris,

vigorous, energetic.

with one.
abeo,

and

(ad

accursurus

cucurri,

abduco, abducere, abduxi, abduc-

and addo, addere, addidi, additus (d5,

put), put to, add.

tene5, hold), refrain from.

absum, abesse, afui, afutunis addiico, adducere, addiixi, adduc(sum, be), be away, be distant.
tus (duc5, lead), lead to, induce,
ac, conj.,

and.

influence.

accedo, accedere, access!, accessu-

adeo, adire, adii, aditiirus

go), go

rus (ad and cedo, go), approach,

come

to

(e5,

address.

adeo, adv., so, to such an extent,

to.

accendS, accendere, accendi, ac-

census

to,

adfero,

(ad and cando, cause

shine),

set

on

fire,

put

kindle,

arouse; accensus, burning.

accipio, accipere,

adferre, attuli,

(fer5, bring), bring

(facio,

89

apply,

to.

adficio, adficere, adfeci,

accepi, accep-

adlatus

to,

make),

adfectus

visit with, afflict.

VOCABULARY

90

adfines, adfinium, m., neighbors,

friends;

relatives

by marriage.

adfligo, adfligere, adflixi, adflic-

adfatus

adfari,

speak), speak

adgredior,

(for,

adgressus

step),

proceed

begin.

attack;

(habe5, have), hold

to,

w.,

-us,

going to

ap-

proach, entrance.

(iungo,

join),

join,

quor, speak), speak

to,

accost,

address.

stand

stand),

near,

(st(

stand b)

adsum, adesse, adfui, adfuturus

be present, be on hand,

adsurgere,

adsurrecturus
adulator,

and

adsurrex:

(surgo,

rise)

(adulor,

-5ris

flatter

-tor), m., flatterer.

young
man.
adulor,

admirabilis, admirabile, strange,

adulescentis,
as

subst.,

-atus,

-ari,

adj\

youn

'

fawn upor

caress.

advenio, advenire, adveni, adven

marvelous.

admiratio, admirationis, /, ad-

turus (venio, come), come or

advance.

miration, esteem,
-ari,

adsto, adstare, adstiti,

adulescens,

fasten, attach.

adloquor, adloqui, adlocutus (lo-

admiror,

ai

rise, rise to greet,

adiungo, adiungere, adiunxi, adiunctus

spectus (specie, look), look

adsurgd,

employ, use.
aditus,

si

down.

aid, assist.

adhibe5, adhibere, adhibui, adhibitus

near,

sit), sit

behold.

address.

adgredi,

(gradior,
against;

to,

ad

adsedi,

adsidere,

sessus (sedeo,

adspicio, adspicere, adspexi, ad

tus, harass, distress.

adfor,

adsideo,

-atus (miror, won-

adversum

(or

adversus), pre^

wonder at, admire, esteem.

with ace, against.
admoneo, admonere, admonui, adversus, -a, -um, turned against
unfavorable, in front; as subst,
admonitus (moneo, warn), readversary
opponent, enemy,
mind, warn, admonish.
der),

res adversae, adversity.

admove5, admovere, admovi, admotus (move5, move), move to, adverto, advertere, adverti, ad

bring

versus (verto, turn), give atten

to.

adscendo, adscendere, adscendi,

adscensus

(scando,

climb up, climb.

climb),

tion, notice.

Aeneas,

-ae,

Trojan War.

m.,

hero of

th<

VOCABULARY
aeneus,

-um, of bronze.

-a,

agricola, -ae (ager and col5, cul-

Aeolius, -a, -um, of Aeolus, god

aequalis, aequale, equal,

same

of the

size.

aeque, adv., equally.

aequinoctiale

aequinoctialis,

(aequus, equal, and nox, night),

of equal night
tial

and day; equinocaequinoctialis,

circulus

aequor, aequoris,

n., level

space

-i, .,

what

is

right, up-

aer, aeris, w., air,

aeris,

atmosphere.

money,

bronze;

w.,

famous

summer.

aetas, aetatis,/, age;

-a,

-um,

old age.
everlasting,

sky.

Agenor, Agenoris, m., a Phoe-

m.,

land,

territory;

country.

w., a lamb.

another time, at

at

alicunde (aliquis, some, and unde,

other.

arrange;

-um

-a,

other),

(alius,

alimentum,

-i, .,

aliquamdiu, adv.,
adv.,

nourishment.
for

some

once,

time.

at

one

time.
-a,

-um, considerable;

aliquantum viae, a considerable

aliqui, aliqua, aliquod, some.

gratias

alius, -a, -ud, another, other, different, else.

ago, agere, egi, actus, drive;

thank.

adv.,

aliquot, several.

agitator, agitat5ris, m., a driver.

act;

of Macedonia.

portion of the journey.

nician king.

-i,

alea, -ae, /, risk, hazard.

aliquantus,

Africa, -ae, /, Africa.

agri,

-um, Alban, of Alba.

-um, white.

aliquando,

aether, aetheris, m., air;

agnus,

-a,

another's, belonging to another.

eternal.

field,

-a,

alienus,

aestus, -us, m., heat,

ager,

Albanus,

whence), from some source or

w., Aesop, a

writer of fables.

aeternus,

Albans,

the

other times.

bronze coins.
-i,

m.,

the people of Alba Longa.

alias,

rightness.

Aesopus,

Albani, -orum,

Alexander, Alexandri, m., king

sea, water.

,aes,

wing (of a bird).

Alba Longa, Albae Longae, /,
Alba Longa (the Long White
City), city on the Alban Mount.

ala, -ae,/, a

albus,

the equator.

aequum,

tivate), in., a farmer.

ait (defective), he says.

of the winds.

do,

agere,

alligo,

-are,

-avi, -atus

(ad and

ligo, bind), bind, fasten.

altaria, altarium, ., altar.

VOCABULARY

92

alter, altera, alterum, the other,

another; the second.

-um

altus, -a,

(participle of alo,

grown

nourish),

tali,

deep.

lofty;

devoted

adj., loving, fond,

each of the

-ae, -O, both,

-are, -avi, -atus, walk.

-a,

amicus,

-i,

intend to

fight.

Anio, Anienis, m., the Anio,

tributary of the Tiber.

nexus (ad and necto,

annus,

-i,

annuus,

amicus,

tie), tie

to, fasten to.

to.

two.

ambul5,

mihi in animo

est

annecto, annectere, annexui, an-

amans, amantis,

ambo,

high,

courage

pugnare,

-um,

let

for a year, annual.

-um,

-a,

southern,

ante, prep, with ace, before.

m., friend.

amitto, amittere, amisi, amissus

(mitto, send),

-um,

antarcticus,
antarctic.

friendly.

amnis, amnis, m.,

m., year.

-a,

antecedo, antecedere, antecessi,

antecessus (cedo, go), go

go, lose.

be-

fore, precede.

river.

Antiochus, -i, m., king of Syria,

amo, -are, -avi, -atus, love.
antrum, -i, n., cave, cavern.
amor, amoris, ;., love desire.
amoveo, amovere, am5vi, am5- aperio, aperire, aperui, apertus,
open, disclose, expose.
tus (moveo, move), remove, take
;

away.

aperte, adv., openly.

Amulius, Amuli,

;;/.,

a son of

Sil-

an, conj. (used in questions),

anceps, ancipitis,

or.

adj., uncertain,

ancilla, -a.Q,f., housemaid, maid.

-i,

cared for a

j>i.,

the

man who

(animum

advert5,

to), attend to;

animal, animalis,

animus,

-i,

n.,

turn

the

notice.

an animal.

m., the mind, heart;

(ad and pareo, ap-

pear) be plain,
,

appello,

become manifest,

clear.

-are,

-avi,

-atus,

call,

name.
appetd,

lion.

anima, -ae,/, breath, life.

animadvertere,
animadverto,
animadversus
animadverti,

mind

paritiirus

appear

doubtful.

Androclus,

i;

apis, apis,/, bee.

appareo, apparere, apparui, ap-

vius Procas.

appetere,

appetivi

or

appetii, appetitus (ad and pet5,

approach, be

seek), seek for;

at

hand.

appono, app5nere, apposui, appositus (ad and pono, put), place

near, set before

set aside for.

apprehendo, apprehendere, ap-

VOCABULARY

93

prehendi, apprehensus (ad and

arma, -orum,

.,

prehendo, grasp),

armo,

-avi,

seize, arrest.

ipprobo, -are, -avi, -atus, approve,

sanction.

ippropinquo, -are, -avi, -atus (ad

and

draw

propinquO,

near),

home of;

in the writings of.

;.,

equip,

-atus,

arm
armatus, armed,
weapons in one's hands,
;

with

aro, -are, -avi, -atus, plov/.

arrogo, -are, -avi, -atus (ad and

arx, arcis,/, stronghold, citadel.

Ascani,

Ascanius,

w.,

son

of

Aeneas.

iqua, -ae, /, water,

iquarius, aquari,

arms, weapons.

rogo, ask), ask for, claim,

draw near, approach.

ipud,/r^/. zvith ace, near, among;
at the

-are,

a water car-

asinus,

-i, ;;/.,

donkey,

ass.

Water Carrier (a con- asper, aspera, asperum, rough.

asporto, -are, -avi, -atus (abs and
stellation).

'

rier;

the

Aquilo, Aquilonis, m., the north

irbitrium, arbitri, n., authority,

power,

astrum,

irbor, arboris,/, tree,

ward

keep away.

cessitus, call,
ircticus, -a,

A.rcturus,

arcus,

summon, send

-um, northern,

-i,

for.

arctic.

m., a constellation.
m.,

-us,

bow

rainbow

-i,

., star

ad astra,

to

fame.

atrum, black, dark.

Athenae, -arum, /, Athens, the

ater, atra,

city of

Athens,

athleta, -ae,

atque,

and

circle, arch,

;.,

conj.,

athlete.

and,

and

besides,

particularly,

irdor, ardoris w., heat.

atrox, atrocis, adj., fierce, savage.

arena, -ae, /, sand; sandy place,

attingo, attingere, attigi, attac-

desert;

arenosus,

arguo,

tus

arena.
-a,

argenteus,

follow), reach, ob-

at, conj., but, yet.

arcesso, arcessere, arcessivi, ar'

and sequor,
tain, get.

will,

irceo, arcere, arcui, arctus,

off,

portO, carry), carry away.

assequor, assequi, asseciitus (ad

wind.

-a,

-um, sandy.
-um, of silver,

arguere,

argui,

silver.

argutus,

and

tango,

touch),

attritus, -a,

-um, worn.

auctor, auctoris,

;;/.,

creator,

audacia, -ae,/, boldness, courage.

disclose, betray.

aries, arietis, m., a

(ad

reach, get.

ram

(a constellation).

the

Ram

audax, audacis,
brave.

adj., bold, daring,

VOCABULARY

94

audeo, audere, ausus sum, venauditus,

audivi,

audire,

audio,

aufero, auferre, abstuli, ablatus

carry),

away, re-

carry

move.
aureus,

-i,

n., curtain.

-um, golden, of gold.

-a,

auris, auris,/, the ear.

aut, either

wil!

benigne (benignus, kind),

adv.

-ae,

kindly.

auxiliare,

helping,

assisting.

auxilium, auxili,

.,

aid,

assist-

-um, avaricious, greedy.

averto, avertere, averti, aversus

(verto, turn), turn aside.

avicula, -ae, /,

little

bird.

avis, avis,/, bird.

w., grandfather.

baculus,

-i,

-i,

-a,

-i,

n., caress.

-um, kind, pleasant,

;//.,

fii.

a constellation.

and f.,

briimalis,

barba, -ae,/, beard,

-a,
-1,

wintry,

briimale,

winter.

Biicephalon,

name

-i,

.,

Bucephalumi

of a town.

Bucephalus,

-i,

Bucephalus

m.,

of Alexander's horse.

C, abbreviation

of Gains,

cacumen, caciiminis,

bellum,

ox, cow.

brevis, breve, short, brief,

n., staff, stick.

m., poetic for bacu-

lum.
beatus,

caress

-um, good.

Bootes, -ae,

name
baculum,

fawningly,

bonum, -i, n., good, goodness;

good thing; goods, property.

bos, bovis,

wealth, miserliness.
-a,

-a,

at a time,

two times.

blandimentum,
blandus,

bonus,

ance.
avaritia, -ae,/, avarice, greed for

-i,

two

bis, adv., twice,

blande, adv.,

or.

auxiliaris,

avus,

/, good

an(

act.

benevolentia,

bini, -ae, -a,

autem, conj., but, moreover; now.

autumnus, -i, m., autumn.

avarus,

kin<

bestia, -ae, /, beast.

gold.

n.,

-i,

aut, cojij.,ox; aut

...

(bene
good deed,

favor.

aulaeum,

aurum,

op'

beneficium, benefici
facio, do), .,

hear, listen to.

(fero,

bene {comp., melius, super L,

time), adv., well, successfully.

ture, dare.

-um, blessed, fortunate.

;/.,

war, warfare.

belua, -ae, /, beast.

n., top, peal<

height.

cado, cadere, cecidi, casurus,

fall

down;

caecus,

-a,

perish, be killed.

-um, blind.

fall

VOCABULARY
caedis

caedes,

(caedo,

cut),

/,

slaughter, murder, killing.

Caedicius, Caedici,

mentioned by Cato.

caelestis, caeleste, heavenly

as

-i,

.,

-a,

the sky, heavens.

name.

family

Caesar,

Gaius

lulius

calix, calicis, m., cup, goblet.

-um,

clever, adroit;

-i, /.,

plain, level field.

cancer, cancri, m., crab

the Crab

(a constellation).

candor, candoris, m., brightness,

/, a little dog;
Canicula Minor, the lesser dog-ae,

carcinus,

canis, canis,

;//.

and/., dog.

cano, canere, cecini, cantus, sing.

canto, -are, -avi, -atus (freq. of

cano, sing), sing.

cantus, -us,
-a,

capillus,

in.,

singing, song.

-um, white, hoary.

-i,

m., a hair.

capio, capere, cepi, captus, seize,

take, capture.

to

m., crab.

-i,

Carthaginiensis, Carthaginiense,
;

as

a Carthaginian, native of

sicbst.,

Carthage.
caseus,

-i, in.,

cheese.

cassita, -ae, /, the lark.

Castor

m..

Castoris,

(brother of Pollux)

a constel-

lation.

castra, -orum, n., a

camp; castra

p5nere, pitch a camp.

chance,

fall),

fortune;

;;/.,

fall;

misfortune,

disaster, accident.

cataclysmus,

star.

canus,

damnatus, condemned

casus, -us (cado,

brilliance.

canicula,

the

capi-

death.

Castor,

hidden, secret.

campus,

the head;

.,

Carthaginian, of Carthage

Caesar, the dictator.

calamitas, calamitatis, /, disaster, misfortune, calamity.

callidus, -a,

m., Capricorn (a

-i,

caput, capitis,

tis

-um, dark blue, dark.

Caesaris, m.,

Caesar,

Capricornus,

capital city, the capital;

the heavenly ones.

caeruleus,

Jupiter on the Capitoline.

constellation).

to pieces, kill, slay.

caelum,

Cap-

n., the

the great temple of

capra, -ae,/, she-goat.

caedo, caedere, cecidi, caesus, cut

subst.,

Capitolium, Capitdli,
itoline Hill;

a tribune

in.,

95

-i,

in.,

flood, deluge.

cathedra, -ae,/, chair, seat.

Cato, Cat5nis,

Roman

///.,

a distinguished

of the early period.

Cauda, -ae,/,

tail

(of an animal).

causa, -ae, /, cause, reason, explanation.

cavillatio, cavillationis,

/, joke,

jest.

cavillor, -ari, -atus, joke, jest.

VOCABULARY

96

cavo, -are, -avi, -atus, hollow out,

excavate, wear away.

go away

yield, give up.

celeber, Celebris, celebre, famous,

celebro, -are, -avi, -atus, visit in

celebrate, solemnize.

celeritas,

celeritatis,

swiftness.

/,

speed,

Cineas, -ae, w., an

-i,

m.,

cen-

., contest,

circumdare,

circumdo,

circumdatus

adv.^ certainly,

surely;

at

circumlatus (fero, bear)

tuli,

certus, -a, -um, certain, sure, defi-

circumsisto,

certiorem facere, inform;

cumsteti,

fieri,

cedo, yield), cease, give way, be

interrupted.
rest,

the

chao, other cases not

darkness, chaos.

Charis,

w.,

an

early

-avi,

-are,

-atus

at.

-ae,

/.,

standinj

circumsto, circumstare, circum

circumstatiirus

(sto

stand), stand around, surround

circumvenio,

.,

cii

(sto, stand), stan^

around; crowd, throng.

steti,

the

others.

writer.

look around

circumstantia,

idler.

cesso, -are, -avi, -atus (freq. of

used),

circumspect,

cessator, cessatoris, w., loiterer,

-um,

cast around.

circumsistere,

around, surround.

be informed.

cervix, cervicis,/, the neck.

Chares,

put)

place around, surround.

throw about,

least.

(yubl.,

circum

(do,

circumfero, circumferre, circum

struggle.

-a,

ace, around

about, among.

dedi,

certamen, certaminis,

chaos

w., circle.

around.

centurionis,

turion.

ceterus,

witl

circumaro, -are, -avi, -atus, plov

centum, a hundred.

certior

officer

ar

C\xta.,prep. with ace, around, about

circum, prep, with

census, -us, m., the census.

nite;

famih

m., ashes (of tht

cinis, cineris,

circulus,

cel5, -are, -avi, -atus, conceal, hide.

certe,

m.,

M. Tullius Cicero,
orator and statesman.
name.

dead).

celeriter (celer), adv., quickly.

centurio,

Ciceronis,

Pyrrhus.

notable.

crowds

food.

-i, ;//.,

Cicero,

cedo, cedere, cessi, cessurus, retire,

cibus,

circumvenire,

cir

cumveni, circumventus (venio

come), come around, surround.
circus,

-i,

w., circle; circus; Circu:

Maximus, the great

circus

be-

VOCABULARY
tween the Palatine and Aventine

cognatus,

-um, kindred,

-a,

Cito, -are, -avi, -atus, rouse, urge,

put to

cognosco,

promptly.

w.,

civis,

fellow-

citizen,

/, citizenship;

civitatis,

community,
town,

nation;

state,

c5gnoscere,

cognitus

(con

and

clamito, -are, -avi, -atus (freq. of

become acquainted

drive

with.

com) and ago,

together,

collect

collar, collaris,

;/.,

drive),
force,

collar.

clamo, cry), cry repeatedly, keep

collis, COllis, m., hill.

shouting.

COllum,

clamor, clamoris, m., shout, cry,

-um,

-a,

clear;

bright,

famous, distinguished;

brilliant;

an Alban king.

-um,

of

Cluilius,

associate,

Clusium, Clusi,
city,

,,

now

Cn., abbreviation of

coepisse,
the

nam

n.,

place

committere, begin

of

m5vi,

ChiusT.

move),

Gnaeus.

fluence.

coeptus
perfect

(used

system),

compare,

relatives, kin-

dred.

stir,

com-

(moveo,

alarm, trouble

-are, -avi, -atus

comperire,

compertus,
cover.

GALL. LAT. READ.

commovere,

commotus

in-

(paro,

prepare), prepare, get together,

comperio,
in.,

battle,

fight.

an important

began,
c5gnati, -orum,

companion.

committd, committere, commisi,

commoveo,

Cluilian.

in

111.,

Cluilius, Cluili, w.,

Etruscan

vate.

colonia, -ae,/., colony.

commissus (mitto, send) pug-

gently, kindly,

-a,

the neck.

meeting, cumitium.

-um, lame,

clementer (clemens, kind), adv.,

Cluilius,

-i, 11.,

colore, colui, cultus, culti-

comitium, comiti,

close, shut up.

-a,

colo,

comes, comitis (com and e5, go),

easily distinguished, loud,

claudo, claudere, clausi, clausus,

only

c5gn5vi,
(g)nosco,

compel.

injury.

claudus,

family

cogo, cogere, coegi, coactus (co

(equals

city.

clades, cladis,/, disaster, defeat;

clarus,

;/.,

learn), learn, find out; perceive;

citizen.

civitas,

c5gnomen, c5gnominis,
name, name.

speed.

full

cito, adv., quickly,

coepi,

re-

lated.

hills.

civis,

97

comperi,

learn, find out, dis-

VOCABULARY

98
compluria

complures,

or

plura, adj., several, many.

com- cond5, condere, condidi, conditus

(com and do, put), put away

place, deposit; found, establish

compono, componere, composui,
compositus (pono, put), ar- confectus, -a, -um, wearied, ex

range

describe,

forth

set

comprehendere,
comprehends,
comprehensus,
comprehend!,
conatus, -us, m., attempt,
concedere,

effort.

concessi,

concessus (com and cedo, go),

retire,

concha, -ae,/,

compare

(com and cad5,

together,

confestim, adv.,

fall),

in a heap, col-

fall

si

self,

immediately, a

once.
conficio, c5nficere,

(com and

con

confeci,

facio, do),

d(

up, finish, complete.

shell.

concid5, concidere, concidi, con-

fall

together, collect

fectus

withdraw.

casiirus

tus (com and fer5, bring), brinj

conferre, betake one's

seize, grasp.

concedo,

hausted.

confero, c5nferre, contuli, conla

compose.

confirmo, -are, -avi, -atus (con

and firmo, make strong),

as

sure, declare positively.

conicio, conicere, conieci, coniec

lapse.

meeting,

tus (com and iacio, throw), hur

concipio, concipere, concepi, con-

coniunx, coniugis, m. and /,

wedded person husband, wife

concilium,

concili,

n.,

throw.

assembly, council.

ceptus (com and capio, take),

seize,

snatch

flammas

gather

form,

concipere, catch

concito, -are, -avi, -atus,

fire.

stir

up,

conloc5, -are, -avi, -atus

(com an.

loco, place), place, station

giv

in marriage.

conloquium, conloqui,

., confer

ence, interview, talk.

and cor,
heart), /, agreement, harmony. conloquor, conloqui,
(com and loquor,
concurrere, concurri,
concurro,

conlociitu

arouse

Concordia,

drive.

-ae

(com and

concursurus
run),

run

(con

together,

curro,

rush

to-

condicionis, /,

tion, plight

ment.

tall

together, confer.

Conor, -ari, -atus, attempt,

try.

conqueror, conqueri, conquestus

gether, fight.

condicio,

talk),

proposal;

condiagree-

complain, complain of.

consequor, consequi, conseciitu

(com and sequor,

follow),

fol

VOCABULARY
low up, overtake

obtain, se-

consilium, consili,

.,

plan, pur-

c5nsist6, consistere, constiti,

n., sight,

appear-

conspicere, conspexi,

(com and

conspectus

look), catch sight

specio,

behold.

of, see,

-atus

conspicor, -ari,

of, see.

constituo, c5nstituere, constitui,

(com and

statuo,

of the

officer

m.,

consul,

Roman

an

govern-

c5nsularis, consulate, adj., of con-

rank

as

subst.,

an

ex-

-a,

-um, frightened.

c5ntionis,

meeting,

/,

assembly.
address an

-ari, -atus,

assembly, speak.
contra, prep, luith ace, against
opposite,

contraxi,

contrahere,

(com and traho,

contractus
bring

drag),

off.

together,

gather,

convalesce, convalescere, conva-

lui,

regain health, recover.

convallis, convallis, /, valley.

consul.

c5nsumo, consumere, consumpsi,

c5nsiimptus (com and sumo,
up,

use

take),

destroy,

con-

contemnere,

contemno,

con-

tempsi, contemptus (com and

slight), despise, scorn.

temn5,

contemplatio,

contemplationis,

/, survey, contemplation.
contemplor, -ari, -atus, look
;

consider, ponder.

contemptus,

-a,

(com and venio,

come), come together, assem-

conventus

be

agree with

fitting,

converto,

-um, despicable.

be agreed

be suitable.
convert!,

convertere,

and verto,
turn around ; put

(com

conversus
turn), turn,

through
at,

conveni,

convenire,

conveni5,

ble

sume, exhaust.

survey

con-

collect.

ment.

sular

satisfied,

hold, keep, contain.

contio,

contraho,

place), decide, determine.

c5nsul, consulis,

-um,

-a,

contineo, continere, continui, con-

(com and contionor,

specio, look), catch sight

c5nstitiitus

strug-

tentus (com and teneo, hold),

presence.

contentus,

conterritus,

consolor, -ari, -atus, comfort.

c5nspicio,

tendo,
;

tent.

stand, take a position, halt.

conspectus, -us,

and

(com

stretch), strive, strive for

gle, fight.

pose; counsel.

contendere, contend!,

contendo,

contentus

cure.

ance

99

evolutions

restore,

lead.

convivium,
v!v5, live).

convivi
It.,

feast,

(com

and

banquet.

VOCABULARY

lOO
convoco,

-are,

and VOCO,
coorior,

(com Creta,

-atus

-avi,

coortus

cooriri,

(orior,

spring up, arise.

rise),

cordis, n., the heart;

est,

it

ence

cordi

pleases me.

coram, adv., before,

abl., in

COrnu,

horn,

-us,

n.,

the pres-

corpus, corporis,

right,

.,

corrigere,

trumpet

straight,

correxi,

rego,

cor-

rule),

corriipi,

(com and rumpo,

break),

ruin,

COrvus,

corruere,

ground,
-i, 771.,

cotidianus,

weaken;

corrui,

fall

fall

down.

blame, respon-

cum

tum,

worshiper.

;;/.,

when,

conj.,

since, though;

not

only

but also.
prep, with

-um,

cumba, -ae,/,

abl.,

with, in com-

boat, skiff.

ciinctor, -ari, -atus,

delay,

wait,.

linger.

cunctus,

-a,

cuneus,

-i,

arranged

-um, every,
w.,

wedge

in

the

all.
;

soldiers

form

of

wedge.

crow, raven.

-a,

peak, top.

.,

fault,

pany with.

destroy, corrupt, bribe.

to the

apart-

sibility.

make cum,

correct,

corrumpere,

corruptus

culmen, culminis,

cum,

the body.

improve.

corrumpo,

corruo,

room,

n.,

-i,

cultor, cultoris,

(com and

burst,

cubiculum,

culpa, -ae, /,

wing (of an army).

make

cruor, cruoris, w., blood.

ment, bedchamber.

coram, prep, with

ence of, before.

rectus

-um, bloody, stained

-a,

crus, cruris, ., leg.

in the pres-

of.

corrigo,

cruentus,

with blood.

//., military forces, troops.

mihi

crinis, crinis, w., hair, hair of the

head.

copia, -ae,/, plenty, abundance

cor,

/, Crete, an island in

-ae,

the Mediterranean.

call), call together.

cupid5, cupidinis,/, desire, greed,

daily.

COtidie, adv., every day, daily.

passion.

eras, adv., to-morrow.

cur, adv., why, wherefore ?

cred5, credere,

cura, -a.Q,f., care, worry, solicitude.

credidi, creditus,

believe.

creo,

-are,

Ciiriatius,
-avi,

-atus,

appoint,

crescere,

grow, increase.

family

Ciiriati, ;., Curiatius,

name;

Ciiriatii,

Curiatii, the l)rothers

elect, select.

cresco,

crevi,

cretus,

who

the

fought

against the Iloratii.

ciiro,

-are,

-avi,

-atus, care

for.

VOCABULARY
look after

me dandum ad

bes-

had me given

tias curavit, he

to

declino, -are,

-atus, avoid,

-avi,

turn from.

honor,

decor5, -are, -avi, -atus,

the beasts.

curriculum,

[OI

course

.,

-i,

a race

distinguish, decorate.

decorus,

course.

-um,

-a,

fitting,

proper,

noble.

currus, -us, m., chariot.

cursus, -us, w., running;

speed;

decurr5,

decurrere, decurri,

de-

cursurus (curro, run), run down,

course.

Curtius, Curti, w., a gentile name.

Mettius Curtius, a Sabine gen-

rush down.

decursus, -us, w., course, way; descent, attack.

eral.

Cust5s, custodis,

guard, pro-

in.,

tector, keeper.

cutis, cutis,

/, the

;.,

a Cyclops.

-a,

-um

injurious,

-i,

n., loss,

harm,

injury.

down

de-

off.

deduxi,

deducere,

ductus
carry

hurtful.

damnum,

(diico, lead), lead

down,

de-

down,

escort.

defatigo, -are, -avi, -atus (fatigo,

from,

weary), wear out, tire out, exhaust.

from, out of; about, concerning,

defluo, defluere, defluxi, defluxus

with

de, prep,

in regard to;

abl.,

de nocte,

at night.

debeo, debere, debui, debitus (de

and habeo, have), owe; ought,

be bound; pass., be due.
debilis, debile,

decerno,

weak, helpless.

decernere,

decrevi, de-

cretus (cern5, separate), decree;

settle,

determine.

decet, decere, decuit,

i

strike

(damnum, deduc5,

destructive,

loss),

decussi,

cussus (quatio, shake), shake

off,

damnosus,

decutere,

decutio,

skin.

Cycl5ps, Cyclopis,

sonal),
ing,

it

it is

declare,

is

(imper-

fitting, it is

becom-

announce.

-avi,

of beauty, ugliness.

defrenatus,

-a,

-um,

unbridled,

w'ithout restraint.

degener,

degeneris,

adj.,

base,

ignoble.

deglub5, deglubere, degliipsi, degluptus, peel, skin;

the hide

flay,

take

off.

deinde, adv., then, next, thereafter.

seemly.

-are,

away; wither.

(fluo, flow), flow

deformitas, deformitatis, /, lack

-atus, show,

delabor, delabi, delapsus (labor,

slip), slip

down,

fall.

VOCABULARY

102

delibero, -are, -avi, -atus (libero,

from

weigh

scales),

libra,

ponder, deliberate, consider.

deprehendS,

deprehendere, dedeprehensus (pre-

prehendi,

hend5, grasp), catch,

seize.

derigo, derigere, derexi, derectus,

demeto, demetere, demessui, de-

descendo, descendere, descendi,

delitesco, delitescere, delitui,

hide, conceal one's

direct, arrange.

self.

messus (meto, reap), mow,

cut,

demigro,
demiror,

-atus (miror, won-

desilio, desilire, desilui, desultus

wonder

(salio, leap), leap

at.

missus (mitto, send),

let

down,

send down, lower.

desino, desinere,

desum, deesse, defui, defuturus,

demulcere,

detergeo, detergere, detersi, de-

be lacking.

demulsus, stroke,
denique, adv.,
dens, dentis,

demulsi,

tersus

caress,

;;/.,

off,

wipe

wipe),

cleanse.

deterior, deterius (no positive in

tooth.

use; jz^/^r/., deterrimus), worse,

-um, thick.

once more.

poorer, meaner.

detraho, detrahere, detraxi, de-

depell5, depellere, depuli, depul-

sus (pello, drive), drive away.

depl5r5, -are, -avi, -atus (plor5,

weep), lament, mourn, bemoan.

depono, deponere,

deposui,

de-

(pono,

place),

lay

aside.

deportd, -are, -avi, -atus, carry

away.

(tergeo,

away, rub

finally, at last.

denu5, adv., anew, afresh; again,

positus

-are, -avi, -atus (sper5,

hope), give up, despair.

-are, -avi, -atus, point

show.

-a,

desitus,

desii,

cease, stop.

(emo, take), take away, remove.

dem6nstr5,

down, jump

down, dismount.

demo, demere, dempsi, demptus despero,

densus,

climb),

dismount.

tus, desert, abandon, forsake.

-ari,

demulceo,

desero, deserere, deserui, deser-

demitto, demittere, demisi, de-

out,

(scando,

dow-n, descend

go away,

-are, -avi, -atus,

remove.
der),

descensus

come

reap,

tractus

(traho,

away, take

off,

draw

draw),

remove.

Deucali5n, Deucalionis,

;//.,

hus-

band of Pyrrha, son of Prometheus.

deus,

-i,

devoro,

w., a god, God.

-are,

-avi,

-atus

devour), devour, snap

greedily.

(voro,

up, eat

VOCABULARY
dextrum,

iexter, dextra,

right,

on

iextra, -ae, /, right hand.

dicere,

speak,

say,

w.,

dicta-

order,

com-

word

-i, .,

lies, diei,

learn.

with

iifficilis, difficile

and

(dis

facilis,

iignus,

/,

worth,

-a,

-um, worthy.
-iis,

diligere, dilexi, dilectus,

love, esteem.
-are,

-are,

-avi,

-atus, begin

-atus,

-avi,

fight,

contend.

-a,

distribuere, distribui,

distribiitus

diii,

(tribuo,

assign),

adv., a long time, long.

-um,

.,

(mitto,
let

dimisi,

send),

-um, of long dura-

-a,

-um

(participle

of

diverto, turn in different direc-

a half.

tions),

adj., half.

dimittere,

-a,

tion, long.

diversus,

away, dismiss,

di-

send

go.

Diogenes, Diogenis, m., a famous

philosopher of Greece.
discedo,

distraxi,

apart, separate.

diutumus,

dimidium, dimidi,

missus

dissideo,

assign, distribute.

light.

dimitt5,

distrahere,

distraho,

distribuo,

pieces, rend.

dimidius,

(cf.

distractus (traho, draw), draw

iflanio, -are, -avi, -atus, tear into

dimico,

dissidium, dissidi

sension.

w., departure, with-

drawal.

ailiiculo,

w., distinc-

tion, difference.

disagree), n., disagreement, dis-

position, standing.

iigressus,

(dis

at variance,

thrust apart, scatter.

dignitatis,

merit;

be

disicio, disicere, disieci, disiectus,

m., a finger.

iignitas,

-atus

-avi,

discrimen, discriminis,

difficulty.

easy), difficult.
-i,

-are,

cor, heart),

disagree.

day.

;;/.,

iifficile, adv.,

iigitus,

discordo,

and

mand.

be

discordia, -ae,/, lack of harmony,

discord.

tor.

to

depart.

ing, discipline.

disco, discere, didici,

dictatoris,

iictum,

iiligo,

go),

(ced5,

disciplina, -ae,/, instruction, train-

dictus,

dixi,

tell, call.

iictator,

cessurus
withdraw.

the right hand.

iico,

103

discedere, discessi, dis-

opposite, different, con-

trary ; in diversa, apart, asunder.

dives, divitis, adj., rich, wealthy.

divido, dividere, divisi, divisus,

separate, part, divide.
divitiae,

-arum,/,

riches, wealth.

do, dare, dedi, datus, give.

VOCABULARY

104

doceo, docere, docui, doctus, teach,

doctus,

-um, learned,

-a,

duo, duae, duo, two.

duodecim, twelve,

show, instruct.

durities {ace. diiritiem), /, hard-

skilled.

dolor, dol5ris, m., pain, anguish.

dolum,

-i,

., trickery,

domesticus,

-um

-a,

ness.

durus,

stratagem.

-a,

-um, hard, harsh, severe,

(domus, dux, ducis, m., leader, commander.

home), of the home;

private.

domicilium, domicili,

home,

.,

e,

ex, prep, with abl., out

from

place of abode.

domina,

(of a

-ae, /, mistress
household), a matron.

from, of

ebrietas,

out

of,

on

in,

after,

ebrietatis, /, drunken-

ness, intoxication.

Dominus, -i, m., the Lord.

behold
ecce, interj., lo
dominus, -i, m., master.
ecquid, conj., whether.
domo, domare, domui, domitus, editus, -a, -um, high, elevated.
!

overcome, subjugate, conquer.

domus,

domi

-us,

ed5, edere, edi, esus, eat.

/, a house, home;

{locative),

home;

at

domum, homeward, to one's

home; domo {ablative)^ from
home.
-are,

(d5,

ediico,

educere,

(duco,

eductus

ediixi,

lead

lead),

lead

out,

procul, without doubt.

-a,

rear,

effero, efferre, extuli, elatus (fero,

donum, -i, n., gift, present.

dubium, dubi, n., doubt
dubio

bring), carry out

effervesc5,

of,

bear away.

effervescere,

light up, glow,

-um, doubtful, uncer-

effigies

{ace.

effigiem), /, copy,

semblance, likeness.

tain.
diico, ducere, diixi,

command,

ductus, lead,

ductor, ductoris,

in.,

conj.,

while,

-atus (ex and

fl5,

effundo, effundere, effudi, effusus

leader.

some, delightful.

until.

efflo, -are, -avi,

breathe), breathe out.

direct.

dulcis, dulce, sweet; noble, whole-

dum,

editus

edidi,

educo, -are, -avi, -atus, bring up,

present,

-atus,

-avi,

give, donate.

dubius,

edere,

put), put out, utter.

away.

ddnec, conj., until.

dono,

edo,

(ex and fundo, pour), pour

out,

spread.
as

long

as

ego, rael, pers. proti.,

I.

egredior, egredi, egressus

(gra-

VOCABULARY
dior, step),

go

out, escape, get

105

equitatus, -us,

;;/.,

cavalry, horse-

men.

away.
egregius,

-um

-a,

(e

and grex, equus,

-i,

m., horse.

herd), remarkable, out of the or-

erg5, adv., therefore, accordingly.

dinary, extraordinary.

erigo, erigere, erexi, erectus (rego,

elementum,

n.,

-i,

first

principle,

elephantus,

m., an elephant.

-i,

sneer

make

at,

sport

of.

esto, imperative of
et, conj.,
.

ematuresco, ematurescere, ematurui,

(inceptive of maturo,

become

ripen),

ripe,

begin

to

et,

etenim,

both

etiam

conj., for, as

you know
(et

sum.

even;

and,

for,

also;

you see ;

as

et

and.

is

well

for,

as

known.

and lam, now),

adv.^

also, even, likewise, too.

ripen.

emineo,

up, rouse.

lift

erro, -are, -avi, -atus, wander.

eludo, eludere, elusi, elusus (liido,

play),

straighten),

erraticus, -a, -um, wandering.

element, beginning.

eminere,

eminui,

emitto, emittere, emisi, emissus

(mitto, send), send out,

let

go,

emo, emere, emi, emptus, buy,

purchase.

-a,

-um,

of

Etruria,

Europa, -ae,/, daughter of Agenor.

evado, evadere, evasi, evasiirus

enec5, -are, -avi, -atus, kill

off,

destroy.

(vado, go), escape.

evenio, evenire,
(venio, come),

eniin, conj., for.

Ennius, Enni,

;;/,,

an early

Roman

poet.

eveni,

come

eventus

out;

hap-

pen, occur.

eventus, -us, m., outcome, result;

ensis, ensis,

or

;;/.,

ii,

sword.

experience.

iturus, go.

evolo, -are, -avi, -atus (volo,

eo, adv., thither, to that place.

ephippium,

ephippi,

n.,

horse

epulae, -arum,/,

fly

feast,

banquet.

eques, equitis, w., horseman, cav-

fly),

aw^ay.

ex, see

e.

exanimatus,

cloth, saddle.

alryman.

of the Tiber.

Etruscus,
Etruscan.

emit.

e5, ire, ivi

etiamsi, conj., even though.

Etruria, -ae, /, the country north

stand out, stick out.

-a,

-um

(anima,

breath), out of breath; breathless;

exhausted.

exaudio,

exaudire,

exaudivi,

VOCABULARY

:o6

exauditus (audio, hear), hear explic5, explicare, explicavi anc

explicui, explicatus and expli
distinctly.
excetra, -ae,/, serpent, dragon.

rouse,

excitus,

excivi,

excire,

excio,

stir, call

welcome, receive
-are,

excito,
rouse,

take

take),

(capio,

out;

withstand.

awake,

-atus,

-avi,

-are, -avi, -atus (clamo,

-i,

model, pattern;

.,

sample, example.
exeo, exire,

exiturus

exii,

(eo,

exactus

exegi,

complete.

finish,

-a,

ponder), think,

regard,

exitium, exiti
exorior,
rise),

exor5,

(cf.

exeo),

n.,

going

destruction, overthrow.

exoriri,

spring up,
-are,

exortus

at),

-atu!

look

for

exspiro, -are, -avi, -atus (spiro

stand out

die.

(sto, stand)

exist,

be extant,

re

-avi,

-atus, be

ai

main.

exile,

be banished.

extendo, extendere, extendi, ex

tentus, stretch out, spread out.

territus

(terre5,

frighten)

frighten thoroughly, terrify,

(orior,

extra, prep, with ace, outside, out

(or5,

extrah5, extrahere, extraxi, ex

ask

tractus (traho, draw), draw out

side of, beyond.

start,

-avi,

entreat

plead),

-avi,

-are,

look

(specto,

exterreo, exterrere, exterrui, ex

consider.

out

out

carry out, perform, execute,

exsulo, -are,

-um, small, scanty.

existimo, -are, -avi, -atus (aes-

timo,

exseciitus

follow

follow),

exsto, exstare,

(ago, drive), drive out, expel

exiguus,

exsequi,

exsequor,

breathe), breathe out

army.

-iis, ;.,

exigere,

exigo,

(sanguis

await, wait to see.

go), go out.
exercitus,

exsangue

blood), bloodless, exhausted.

exspecto,

shout), shout, cry out.

exemplum,

pressus(premo,press), press out

exsanguis,

(sequor,

stir.

exclamo,

unfold

fold),

(plico,

spread out.

exprimo, exprimere, expressi, ex

out.

excipi5, excipere, excepi, excep-

tus

citus

-atus
earnestly,

urgently.

pull out, extract,

experior, experiri, expertus,

try,

extremus,

-a,

-um,

farthest, last.

test.

expers, expertis,
part

in,

without.

adj.,

having no

faber, fabri,

worker.

///.,

smith, carpenter

VOCABULARY
a

Roman

gentile

(^uintus

Fabius

Maxi-

Fabius, Fabi,

name,

;;/.,

Roman

mus, a famous

Roman

family name.

Gaius Fabricius,

Roman famous

for incorrupti-

fabrico,

make,

struct,

fabula,

narrative,

/,

-ae,

story,

tabulator, fabulatdris, m., writer

/, form, appearance

-ei,

Romulus

felicitas, felicitatis, /.,

and

good

for-

felis, felis,/., cat.

facinus, facinoris, n., deed

fere, adv., almost, about, nearly.

flesh

/,

-ae,

wild

of

ferinus, -a, -um, belonging to wild

factus,

feci,

do,

ferme, adv., almost, nearly; about.

fero, ferre, tuli, latus, bear, carry;

(facio, do), n.,

deed;

undertaking.

-um, groundless, base-

falx, falcis,/,

passive, be said.

ferox, ferocis, adj., fierce, warlike.

hook,

ferrum,

-i,

;/.,

sickle, scythe.

fames, famis, /, hunger, starva-

fervo, fervere,

familiare

household),
private.

of

(familia,

household,

sword,

/, female servant,

handmaid.
fascis, fascis, m., bundle.

glow, burn,

;,,

heat,

fessus, -a, -um, tired, wearied.

fidelis, fidele, faithful, loyal.

Fidenae, -arum, /,
-ae,

be hot.
fervor, fervoris,

tion.

familiaris,

iron;

weapon.

incorrect.

famula,

-um, of woman.

wild beast, animal,

later,

make, accomplish.

falsus, -a,

-a,

f.,

beasts, wild.

facere,

-i

-aJSi,

animals,

deed.

factum,

happy.

femina, -ae,/, woman.

ferina,

facile, adv., easily, readily.

less,

the shepherd

;//.,

Remus.

fera,

the face.

facio,

-i,

adopted

femineus,

of fables.
facete, adv.^ wittily, facetiously.

evil

jaws.

Faustulus,

f elix, felicis, adj., fortunate,

fable.

fades,

faucium, /, the throat,

tune, success.

fashion,

build,

form.

,,

i,

con-

-atus,

-avi,

-are,

destiny.

-i, ;/., fate,

fauces,

who

bility.

-atus, weary,

-avi,

-are,

tire.

fatum,

general.

Fabricius, Fabrici, m., a

fatigo,

107

city

of the

Fidenates.

Fidenates, Fidenatium, m., people

of Fidenae.

VOCABULARY

io8
fides, fidei,

pledge,

/, good

faith

promise,

fidem

assurance;

in

receive

under

recipere,

pro-

figura, -ae,/, form, shape, figure.

filius, fill, m., son.

make.

an end,

complete.

finish,

finis, finis, w., end.

fio, fieri, f actus

come

about,

result,

-a,

-um, strong,

firm, solid,

flamen, flaminis,

flamma, -ae,/,
tive of flaveo,

blast,

;/.,

fire,

flavesco, flavescere,

wind.

folium,

foli, ., leaf (of

a tree),

spring.

forent, old form for essent.

foris,

em

/, door, gate,

trance.

forma, -ae, /, form, shape, beautyi

formido, formidinis,/, fear,
formositatis,

/.

shapeliness, beauty.

chance.

(incep,

be yellow), begin

be yellow, become yellow.

floreo, florere, florui,

bloom; be

weep.

blossom,

fortitudo,

w., blossom, flower.

fluctus, fluctiis, m., wave, billow.

.,

bravely,

adv.,

coura-t

stream,

river.

fluo, fluere, fluxi, fluxus, flow, run,

fortitudinis, /,

brav-

ery, courage.

fortuna,

-ae,

/,

fortune

lot,

fate.

forum,

-i,

public

brilliant.

fluminis,

fortiter,

geously.

flame.

fleo, flere, flevi, fletus,

drip.

dreadful^

fortis, forte, brave, courageous.

glow.

fliimen,

forte (ablative of fors), adv.^ b)

steady.
flagro, -are, -avi, -atus, burn, blaze,

flos, floris,

-um, foul

-a,

formositas,

happen.

to

nant.

foris,

(used as the passive

of facio),be made, be done; be-

come;

foedus, foederis, n., treaty, cove*

fons, fontis, m., fountain, source/

finio, finire, finivi, finitus, bring

firmus,

hearth, pan for coals,

portable stove.

disgraceful.

fingo, fingere, finxi, fictus, form,

to

(dim. of focus, hearth),

-i

little

foedus,

-ae,/, daughter.

fashion,

)){.,

foede, adv., disgracefully.

tection.

fiducia, -ae,/, confidence, trust.

filia,

foculus,

n.,

a market place

place

Forum R6ma-i

num, the Forum of Rome,

tween the Capitoline and

be-

Pala-t

tine.

fossa, -ae,/., trench,

fragor, fragoris, w., crash,

thunder peal.

roar,t

VOCABULARY
rango, frangere, fregi, fractus,

Gabini, -orum,

rater, fratris, m., brother.

raus, fraudis,

deceit, treach-

/,

in., cries,

renum,

bridle,

-i, .,

irons, frondis,

galea, -ae, /, helmet.

gallina, -ae,/, hen.

/, green boughs,

foliage,

frontis,/, brow, forehead,

iructus, -us, m., fruit, increase.

iriimentum,

grain;

.,

-i,

of Mettius

//.,

Fufetius, leader

of

the Alban army,

fugere,

fugiturus,

fiigi,

flash,

nobly,

adv.,
;

sigh,

coura-

grandly.

gens, gentis,/., clan, family

genus, generis,

race,

.,

a kind, sort;

.,

ger5, gerere, gessi, gestus, carry,

do, perform
manbellum gerere, wage war.

bear, wear

brilliant.

fulmen, fulminis,

thunderbolt,

age

Gigantes, -um, m., the Giants, a

lightning.

fulvus, -a, -um, yellow, tawny.

m., smoke.
-i,

.,

fabled race

who warred

against

the gods.

foundation.

fundo, -are, -avi, -atus, establish,

fix.

fundo, fundere, fudi, fiisus, put

to rout.

furor, furoris, w., madness, rage,

frenzy.

race.

fulgere, fulsi,

fundamentum,

nation.

chase away.

-I,

a groan.

groan.

geously

Eugo, -are, -avi, -atus, put to flight,

be

-iis, ;;/.,

generose,

run away.

glitter,

m., cock, rooster.

name gem5, gemere, gemui,

fuga, -ae,/, flight,

fiimus,

-i,

geminus, -a, -um, born at the

same time as siibst., gemini,
twins
Gemini, the Twins
(Castor and Pollux).
gemitus,

'?ufetius, Fufeti, m., gentile

fulgeo,

gallus,

crops.

flee,

common

Roman praenomen.

roaring.

rigus, frigoris, ., cold,

fugio,

the Gabinians,

;//.,

the inhabitants of Gabii.

Gaius, Gai, m., a very

cry, trick.

remitus, -us,

irons,

Gaius.

G., abbreviation of

Gabii, -orum, m., a city of Latium.

break, crush.

109

glaber,

glabra,

glabrum, bald,

without hair, smooth.

glacies

{ace glaciem,

cie),/,

gladius, gladi,

globus,

band.

abl. gla-

ice.

-i, rn.,

;//.,

ball,

sword.
sphere; throng,

no

VOCABULARY

gloria,

fame,

glory,

-ae, /.,

re-

nown.

stick to, cling,

gloriabundus,

-a,

-um, rejoicing,

w.,

-5ruin,

Greeks,

the

people of Greece.

for

gratia,

sake, for the purpose;

the

gratiam
favor

friendship

referre,

to

return

gratias agere, to thank.

gratulabundus,

-a,

-um, congratu-

lating, expressing joy, rejoicing.

gratulor, -ari, -atus, congratulate,

gratus,

-a,

-um, pleasing.

grave,

heavy

(son of Jupiter).

Herminius, Hermini, w., a Roma

name. Titus Herminius, a Ro

man

soldier.

hesternus,

-a,

and f.,

hie,

here,

adv.,

gubernatoris

gubernator,

(gu-

berno, steer), m., pilot, helms-

man.

in

place

this

at this point.

dem. pron.,

this.

hiems, hiemis,/, winter,

hine

crane.

-um, of yesterda)

yesterday's.

hinc,
;.

grassy.

heri, adv.., yesterday.

hie, haec, hoc,

serious

severe.

grus, gruis,

-um,

-a,

hereupon,

rejoice.

gravis,

herbidus,

Hercules, Herculis, w., Hercule

/, favor, influence,

-ae,

popularity

well

general.

baud, adv., not.

glorior, -ari, -atus, boast, exult,

Graeci,

be fastened.

Hannibal, Hannibalis, m., a

known Carthaginian

exulting.

gratia,

haereo, haerere, haesi, haesiirus

from

adv.,
.

hinc,

hence

here,

now

now.

hodie, adv., to-day.

hodiernus,

-a,

-um, of to-day,

to

day's, this day's.

gutta, -ae, /, a drop (of liquids).

homo, hominis, m., human being

man, fellow.

habena,

honestas, honestatis, /,

habeo,
have,

-ae,

/, thong,

habere,
hold,

strap, rein.

habui, habitus,
possess

regard,

habitaculum,

-i,

.,

dwelling

;;/.,

honor, distinc

honoror,

-ari, -atus,

honor.

hora, -ae,/, an hour (one twelftl

place.

habito, -are, -avi, -atus (freq. of

habeo, have), dwell, reside.

hac, adv., in this place, here.

haedus,

honor, honoris,

tion, public office.

consider.

honor

uprightness.

-i,

vi.,

goat.

of the time

between sunrise anc

sunset).

Horatius, Horati, m., Horatius,

Roman

family

name

Horatii

VOCABULARY
Horatii, the

the

who iam,

brothers

-a,

-um,

terrifying, hor-

presently

iam

horridus,

-um, dreadful, horri-

-a,

-i, 771.,

ibi,

Hostili,

family

w.,

enemy, public

hostis, hostis, w.,

Hosti,

tti.,

Roman

idcirco, adv., for that reason, therefore.

humanus,

fore.

the arm, muscle

-i,yi, earth,

Hyades, -um,
stars in the

f.,

the shoulder.

ground,

soil.

a group of seven

head of Taurus.

hydra, -ae, water serpent

ignarus,

lie,

ignavia,

-ae,

/,

laziness,

idle-

ness.
771.,

fire.

-are, -avi, -atus, not

know,

be ignorant.

/, an oak.

adv., straightway, at

ilico,

once,

immediately.

iacio, iacere, ieci, iactus,

throw,

lay, establish.

-are, -avi, -atus

ille, ilia, illud,

illic,

(freq.

that

that one.

adv., there, then.

of imbecillis, imbecille, adj., weak,

throw), throw, hurl,

throwing, throw.

iactus, -us,

771.,

iaculum,

(iacio, hurl), ., dart,

-i

-um, not knowing,

-a,

ignis, ignis,

dead.

javelin.

accord-

ignorant, unacquainted with.

ilex, nicis,

iaceo, iacere, iacui, iaciturus,

iacio,

suitable, favor-

therefore,

conj.,

hydra ignor5,

Lernaea, the Lemaean Hydra.

iact5,

-um,

ingly.

w., the upper part of

-i,

-a,

-um, human, belong- igitur,

-a,

ing to mankind.

also.

able.

hue, adv., hither, to this place.

hurl

/r^w.,

de77i.

same, the same thing;

idoneus,

leader.

lie

place;

that

in

there,

ideo, adv., for that reason, there-

enemy.
Hostius,

humus,

adv.,

idem, eadem, idem,

name.

humerus,

Janiculan

then.

garden.

hospes, hospitis, w., host, friend.

Hostilius,

the

.,

-i,

Hill.

ianua, -ae,/, door, entrance.

abominable.

hortor, -ari, -atus, urge, exhort.

hortus,

at last;

n5n iam or

non, no longer.

laniculum,

rible.

ble,

now, already;

adv.,

soon,

fought against the Curiatii.

horrendus,

III

feeble.

imbellia, -ae,/, unfitness for war.

immanitas, immanitatis,/, huge

size

savageness, ferocity.

VOCABULARY

112

immerito, adv., undeservedly, unjustly.

immitto, immittere, immisi, immissus (in and mitto, send), let

go, let loose, shake out,

immortalis, immortale

(in, not,

undying.

;;/.,

general

commander

in chief,

emperor.
im-

periously.

authority;

-are,

direct,

reign,

power,

.,

com-

order,

-avi,

order,

-atus,

command.

impetus,

on,

abl., in,

of;

among

to,

(2) with

in the case

in the course of.

-are, -avi, -atus

(am-

bulo, walk), walk up and down.

;

vain, use-

less.

incertus,

-a,

-um

(in,

not,

and

m.,

-Qs,

impinguo,

-are,

onrush

fury,

(cado,

-atus,

make

(in, not,

and pius,

godly), ungodly, wicked.

plicitus (plico, fold), enfold;

be enwrapped,

back, drive back.

includd,

incolo,

importunitas, importunitatis, /,
disadvantage, unfitness.

probus,
wicked.

incliidere,

cliisus

put on, place upon.

-um

(in, not,

upright),' bad,

-are, -avi, -atus (clamo,

cry), cry out, shout to.

impono, imponere, imposui, imup.

positus (in and pono, place), incola,

-a,

stir,

inclino, -are, -avi, -atus, turn, turn

implico, implicare, implicui, im-

improbus,

with, meet.

instigate.

inclamo,

-um

fall), fall in

incito, -are, -avi, -atus, rouse,

anoint.
-a,

sure.

incid5, incidere, incidi, incasiirus

attack.

prep.: (i) with ace, into,

certus, certain), uncertain, not

impero,

fat

imus, see inferior.

va.,

inanis, inane, empty

imperi,

mand.

impius,

adv., without punishment,

inambulo,

imperi5se, adv., arrogantly,

imperium,

shameless, impudent.

impune,

toward, upon, against;

imperator, imperatoris (impero,

order),

not,
adj..

with impunity.

and mortalis, mortal), immortal,

impudens, impudentis (in,

and pudens, modest),

inclusi,

in-

(claudo, shut up), shut

-ae,

w.

and f.,

inhabitant.

incolere, incolui,

in-

habit, dwell in.

incolumis, incolume, unharmed,

and
evil,

safe.

incommodus,
some.

-a,

-um,

trouble-

VOCABULARY

113

increpo, increpare, increpui. in-

(fero,

bear), bring in;

crepitus, rebuke, upbraid, cen-

ferre,

rush

begin

sure.

incursio, incursionis (incurro, run

adv.,

then,

thence,

after

hostilities.

infimus, snperl. of inferior.

-atus

inflo, -are, -avi,

blow on, puff up,

that.

m.,

indicis,

index,

mark,

sign,

se Ininferre,

infit (defective), begins.

upon),/, invasion, attack.

inde,

bellum

infrendere,

infrende5,

blow),

(flo,

inflate.
,

gnash (with the teeth).

index.

ingemo, ingemere, ingemui,

[ndia, -ae,/, India.

.ndico, indicere, indixi, indictus

groan, sigh.

(dico, say), proclaim, declare; ingenium, ingeni, ., natural disposition; intellect; character.
bollum indicere, declare war.
[ndicus, -a, -um, of India, Indian. ingens, ingentis, adj., huge, vast,

ndignans, indignantis,

adj.^

an-

gry, displeased, indignant.

indiixi, induc-

.nduco, indiicere,

tus (diico, lead), bring

on, introduce

bring

show, display.

put on, put into

.nebrians, inebriantis, adj., filled

full,

upon

into, enter

(eo, go),
find, dis-

cover.

inerme (in,
arma), unarmed.

.nermis,

-a,

-um,

and

not,

en-

inhio, -are, -avi, -atus, open the

mouth;

desire, long for.

inicere.

inieci,

iniectus

(iacio, hurl), put, thrust, hurl.

amicus,

lower, weaker

inimicus,

infimus

enemy.

stiperl.,

and imus, lowest; ab infimo,

infero,

stick), stick,

-a,

-um

(in, not,

friendly),

and

unfriendly,

hostile.

inferius,

(no positive)
at the

haesurus (haereo,

inimicus,

roused,

raged.
inferior,

an ingrate.

inhabits, -are, -avi, -atus, dwell.

inici5,

infensus,

subst.,

inhabitabilis, inhabitabile, unin-

be fastened.

running over.

.neo, inire, inii, initus

go

-um, ungrateful, un-

inhaereo, inhaerere, inhaesi, in-

dress.

-a,

thankful; as

habitable.

indutus,

indui,

induere,

i.ndu6,

in,

large, great.

ingratus,

inferre,

iniquus,

aequus,

bottom.
intuli,

inlatus

GALL. LAT. READ.

-i,

-a,

w., enemy,, personal

-um

(in,

not,

and

fair), unjust.

iniussii (only in ablative), without

VOCABULARY

114
order, without

command; meo

my

iniussu, without

inlacrimo, -are, -avi, -atus, weep,

be in

inligo, -are, -avi, -atus, bind to,

fasten to.

inlucesco, inlticescere, inluxi,

dawn.

sus (mitto, send),

let

go, send,

-a,

-um, harmless,

in-

/, poverty, need,

inopia, -ae,

inquino, -are, -avi, -atus,

lack.

detile,

-um, untouched,

and tango, touch), untouched,

unimpaired, unchanged.
intellegere,

intellego,

intellexi,

and

(inter

inquit

(defective),

(Used

says.

after

he

she)

(or

one or more

words of a direct quotation.)

insanabile,

insanabilis,

incura-

incapable of reform.

insania,

-ae,

intendo, intendere, intendi, in-

toward, direct.

among, be-

tween,
intercludo,

intercliidere,

inscendere,

inscensus

(scando,

inscendi,
climb),

climb on, mount.

sit), sit

insigne, insignis,

upon.
.,

the

meantime.
interfeci

interficere,

interfectus

do),

(facio,

kill,

(specio,

into, investigate.

interim, adv., in the meantime,

meanwhile.
interimere,

interemptus,
interior,

mark, token

interius,

inner part of

inspexi,
look),

in-

look

interpreter,
interpret

interemi,

kill, slay.

comp.,

inner,

superl., intimus,

inmost, inmost part

badge, decoration.
inspicio, inspicere,

spectus

interea, adv., meanwhile, in

interims,

insideo, insidere, insedi, insessus

(sedeo,

interdum, adv., sometimes,

put to death.

ness.

inscendo,

interoff.

interdiu, adv., sometimes,

interficio,

mad-

insanity,

/,

lego,

pick), understand, perceive,

clusi, interclusus, shut

stain.

-a,

inter, prep, with ace,

nocent.

ble

intactus,

tentus (tendo, stretch), stretch

luith reflexive, rush.

innocuus,

blow

open.

intellectus

inmitt5, inmittere, inmisi, inmis-

hurl;

(spiro,

into,

integer, integra, integrum(in, not,

allurement.

light,

breathe

insuper, adv., also, in addition,

tears.

inlecebra, -ae, /, charm, delight,

grow

inspir5, -are, -avi, -atus

breathe),

order.

-ari,

of.

-atus, explain,

decide, determine.

interquiesco, interquiescere,

in-

VOCABULARY
inter quietus

terquievi,
esco,

become

(qui-

quiet), rest, pause

invidiosus, -a, -um, unpopular.

invito, -are, -avi, -atus, ask, in-

for a time, cease.

vite, urge.

interrogo, -are, -avi, -atus (rogo,

invoco,

ask), ask, inquire,

terrupl,

in-

break), destroy.

(voc5,

involucre,

wingless,

-um

(intensive pronoun),

self.

ira,

at.

-atus

without wings.
ipse, -a,

intersum, interesse, interfui,

-avi,

upon, invoke.

involucris,

(rumpo,

interruptus

be present

-are,

call), call

interrumpere,

interrumpo,

115

-ae,/, rage, anger.

/, messenger of Juno.

intimus, see interior.

Iris, Iris,

intra, prep, with ace, within, in-

irretio, irretire, irretivi, irretitus

quiver, tremble.

is,

intr5ductus (diico, lead), lead

eo, go),

introgredior,

gressus

(intro,

and

in-

within,

(gradior,

istud,

that

of

yours,

that.

intro-

step

step),

thus, as follows.
Italia, -ae,/, Italy.

and
iter,

conj.,

so, accordingly.

itineris,

n.,

going;

way,

journey, course.

intus, adv., within,

on the

inside,

itero, -are, -avi, -atus,

renew.

itidem, adv., likewise, just

inside.

invado, invadere, invasi, invasus

(vado, go), go into, invade

at-

so.

iubeo, iubere, iussi, iussus, bid,

order.

iucunde, adv., in a pleasing fashion,

tack.

invenio, invenire, inveni, inven-

tus (venio, come),

;

ista,

iste,

itaque (ita and que, and),

go within, enter.
introgredi,

within, enter.

find

it,

ita (cf. is), adv., so, in this way,

within, introduce.
introeo, introire, introivi

introitus

ea, id, dem. pron., he, she,

they; this, that.

introdiico, introducere, intrddiixi,

troii,

rete, net), catch in net,

entangle, snare.

shake,

intro, -are, -avi, -atus, enter.

and

and

(in

side.

intremo, -are, intremui,

hatred.

jealousy,

iudici,

;?.,

judgment; the

judgment.

discover, invent.

invidia, -ae, /,

delightfully.

come upon, iMicium,

envy

iiidico, -are, -avi,

declare.

-atus, adjudge,

VOCABULARY

:6

iugum,

-i,

iungo,

iungere,

.,

ridge;

yoke.

iunxi,

lacrima,

iunctus,

form, make.

join, unite;

-a.e,f., tear.

lacteus, -a, -um, of milk, milk;

Via Lactea, the Milky Way.

luno, lunonis, /, Juno (daughter

of Saturn).

laetus, -a, -um, glad, joyful;

luppiter, lovis,

lanio,

Jupiter

vi.,

planet.
rights, priv-

-are,

-atus,

-avi,

tear

to

iussu (only in ablative), by order

the

command

iustitia, -ae,

goddess

-um,

just;

iusti, the just.

-i,

snare,

;;/.,

Spurius Larcius, a

Roman name.
Roman sol-

dier.

as subsL,

latebrae, -arum, /, hiding place.

Iatebr5sus,

iuvenca, -ae,/, young cow, heifer.

iuvencus,

noose,

in.,

-i,

trap.

Larcius, Larci,

of.

/, justice

of justice, uprightness.
-a,

lapis, lapidis, m., stone.

laqueus,

ilege; justice.

iiistus,

fruit-

abundant.

pieces.

ius, iuris, n., right;

of, at

ful,

Latine,

m., bullock.

iuvenis, iuvenis, w., young person, a youth.

-um,

-a,

full

of hiding

places.
adv., in

scire, to

Latin

Latine

understand the Latin

language.

inventus, iuventiitis, /, youth

young persons, young men.

Latini, -orum,

Latinus,

iuv5, iuvare, iuvi, iutus, aid, assist,

help.

;;/.,,

m.,

-i,

the Latins.

king

of

the

bark

(like

Latins.
Iatr5, -are, -avi, -atus,

a dog).
labor, laboris, m., labor,
ertion;

toil,

ex-

hardship, struggle.

labor, labi, lapsus, glide, move.

lac, lactis, ., milk.

latus, lateris,
chest,

lungs

(of

the

an

-avi,

-atus,

praise,

laus, laudis, /, praise, renown;

Spartan.
lacer, lacera, lacerum, torn, lacer-

ated, mangled.
-i,

side;

latus, -a, -um, broad, wide.

Lacedaem5ni, laudo, -are,

commend.
w., a native of Lacedaemon, a

cles;

the
flank

army).

Lacedaem5nius,

lacertus,

n.,
;

m.,

achievement.
laute, adv., elegantly, finely.

arm muscles, mus- Lavinia,

strength.

tinus.

-ae,

/, daughter of La-

VOCABULARY
Lavinium, Lavini, ., a town of
Italy founded by Aeneas.
legatus,

-i,

;//.,

envoy, delegate,

Leo, a con-

-ae,

w.,

king

adv.,

neatly,

cleverly,

-a,

-um, of

Lema

(a

near Argos).

levitatis,

wood;

tree.

lan-

of

the

in

the

pL,

bank.

station.

place, position

ni.y

-i,

op-

portunity; //., loca, -5rum, n.

lightness,

longus,

-a,

loquor,

levo, -are, -avi, -atus, lighten, re-

/, law.
libri, ;., book.
liberum,

-um, long.

loqui,

lociitus,

speak,,

say.

15rum,

lieve.

lex, legis,

liber, libera,

alphabet;

a letter, an epistle.

longitiido, longitiidinis,/, length.

/,

speed.

-i,

liibricus,

n.,

thong, rein.

-a,

-um, slippery;

de-

ceitful, evil.

free, unfet-

tered, independent.

Lucius,

Luci,

Roman

giief,

sorrow,

;;/.,

praenomen.

Liber, Liberi, w., an Italian god.

luctus,

liberd, -are, -avi, -atus, free, release.

-us,

m.,

trouble.

liimen, liiminis, ., light, a light.

libertas, libertatis,/, liberty, free-

dom.
-ae,

pound

of firewood,

., stick

-i,

lingua, -ae, /, the tongue;

locus,

unimportant.

libra,

w., lictor, official

loco, -are, -avi, -atus, place, put,

levis, leve, light; false, worthless;

liber,

al-

permitted to go.

litus, litoris, ., shore,

gracefully.

lepus, leporis, m., a hare.

levitas,

is

licet ire, I

of littera, -ae,/, in the suig., a letter

Sparta, killed at Thermopylae.

forest

3-'^''

mihi

guage.

stellation.

Lernaeus,

(imper-

permitted,

attendant of a magistrate.

timber,

leo, leonis, w., lion

licuit,

is

it

lowed; may;

lignum,

read.

leniter, adv., gently.

lepide,

sonal),

lictor, lictoris,

Ieg5, legere, legi, lectus, choose,

Leonidas,

licere,

licet,

"^^y go>

representative.
Iegi5, legionis,/, legion.

select;

17

/, balance, scales;
Libra, a constellation.

Libya, -ae, /, Libya.

liina,

-ae,/, the moon.

lupa, -ae, /, she-wolf.

lupus, -i, m., wolf.
liistralis,

liistrale,

purification.

purifying, of

VOCABULARY

ii8

lux, lucis,/, light; luce oriente,

maledictus (dico, say), abuse,

reproach, be abusive.
coming of the light, at
daybreak; prima luce, at day- maleficus, -i, in., evil doer,
(magis and
malo, malle, malui,
break.
at the

luxuriosus,

-a,

-um

(luxuria, lux-

volo, wish), wish more, prefer.

luxurious,

malum,

extravagant, prodigal, profligate.

thing;

ury,

and -OSUS,

full of),

malus,

n., evil,

-i,

-um

-a,

super L,

machina, ^ae, /, machine

wicked; as

device,

an

evil

{comp.,

subst.,

peior;

bad,

evil,

the bad, the

wicked.

trick, trap.

machinatoris,

machinator,
plotter,

evil,

pessimus),

M., abbreviation of Marcus,

;

an

misfortune, calamity,

m.,

maneo, manere, mansi, mansiirus, stay behind, remain.

schemer.

manifestus, -a, -um, clearly seen,

madidus, -a, -um, dripping.
visible.
magis, adv., more; superl.. maxmansues, mansuetis, adj., tame,
ime, most, especially.
magister, magistri, m., master;

master),

;;/.,

-iis,

/, a hand

(cf.

magister,

magistrate; magis-

Marcus, -i, m., a common Roman'

praenomen.
mare, maris,

tracy.

magnitudinis,

magnitudo,

a hand at

work, workman; a band.

master of horse,

magistratus, -us

kind, gentle.

equitum, manus,

magister

teacher;

/.,

greatness, large size, magnitude.

n., sea,

Mars, Martis,

;;/.,

the sea.

the god of war;

a planet.

magnopere (magno opere, with massa, -ae,/,

mass, quantity.

great effort), adv., greatly, very

mater, matris,/, mother.

much,

matrim5nium, matrim5ni (mater,

magnus,

-a,

-um

maior;

{co??tp.,

super I., maximus), great, large,

maiestas,
ness;

maiestatis, /, great-

dignity, authority.

maior, see magnus.

male,

adv.,

badly,

ill,

mother),

maledico, maledicere, maledixi,

matrimony;
ducere,

in

marry

(used only of the men),

maturus,

-a,

maximus,
wrongly, Maximus,

wickedly.

n.,

matrimonium
-um,

see
-i,

early,

immediate,

magnus.
m., a family name.

Q. Fabius Maximus, the general

who fought against Hannibal.

VOCABULARY
mecum = cum me.
1

medicus,

of noon;

doctor, physician,

jn.,

-i,

noonday
meridies,

surgeon.

meditor,

119

meditate,

-atus,

-ari,

s51 meridianus,

the

sun.

noon; the South,

/.,

messis, messis (meto, reap), /,

harvest, reaping,

ponder.
j

'

medius,

-um, in the middle,

-a,

middle;
center

medium,

in

medio,

in

into

the

in

the

messui, messus,

meto, metere,
reap;

mow,

pluck, cut.

Mettius. Metti, w., a

Roman name.

See Curtius and Fufetius.

midst.

mehercule, by Hercules
mel, mellis,

membrum,

n.,
-i,

metuens, metuentis,
having regard for.

honey,
w.,

limb,

part.

adj., fearing,

member, metus, -lis, vi., fear, anxiety.

mens, mea, meum, poss. pron.,

my, mine.
memor, memoris, adj., mindful
migro, -are, -avi, -atus, change
esto memor, remember.
one's residence, move, remove.
recolmemoria, -ae, /, memory
;

miles, militis, m.,

lection, record.

memoro,
tell,

mens,
lect,

-are, -avi, -atus, relate,

mentis, /,
;

mind,

intel-

purpose, meaning,

thought.

mille (indeclinable), a thousand,

thousand

milia, milium,

//.,

etc.

mensa, -ae, /. table.

merces, mercedis, /, reward, pay,
recompense.

Mil5,

Merciirius, Mercuri, w.. Mercury

minaciter,

-onis,

7n.,

well-known

athlete of Croton.

milvius, milvi,

;;/.,

kite (a bird).

adv.,

menacingly,

threateningly.

(a planet).

mereo, merere, merui, meritus,

deserve, merit, earn.

minimus, super I.

c?/ parvus,

which

see.

mereor, mereri, meritus, deserve,

minitor, -ari, -atus, threaten.

minor, see parvus,

merit, earn.

mergo, mergere, mersi, mersus,

dissink, send to the bottom
;

minus,

adz'., less.

mirabilis,

mirabile,

wonderful,

marvelous.

appear.

meridianus,

sol-

militaris, militare, military.

narrate.

reason

soldier;

diery, army.

-a,

-um, of midday.

miraculum,

-i,

.,

wonder, marvel.

VOCABULARY

20
mirificus,

-um,

-a,

wonderful,

marvelous.

//.,

miser, misera, miserum, wretched,

unfortunate;

the

miseri,

un-

fortunate.

misericordia, -ae, /, tenderness,

mercy, compassion.
missilia, missilium,

., missiles.

mittere,

send; throw,

moderor,

missus,

misi,

modo, adv., only, merely if

modus, -i, w., manner, way.
;

moneo, monere, monui, monitus,

warn, remind, admonish, advise.
monilis,

w.,

necklace,

m5ns, mentis,
monstro,

-are,

m., mountain.
-avi, -atus, point

soon, presently, quickly.

-a,

Por-

tried to kill

senna.

mulier, mulieris, /,

multifariam,

woman
many

adv., in

wife,

places.

multitiido, multitudinis, /, great

multum,

much;
plurimum.

multus,

-um, of the moun-

^ow/,, plus;

rti^iV.,

superl.,

-a,

-um, comp.,

su-

in pL,

many,

mundus,

-i, in.,

world, universe,

function, office;

;/.,

duty, service,

gift,

murmur, murmuris,

mountain.

pliis

plurimus, much;

miinus, muneris,

out, show.

montanus,

motus,

Mucius, Miici, /., a Roman genMucius Scaevola, the

tile name.

perl.,

collar.

tains,

mox, adv.,

m5vi,

in motion,

number, numbers,

irksome, disagreeable.

monile,

w., motion.

fondle, caress.
only.

burdensome,

-um,

-a,

-lis,

moveo, movere,
move, stir, set

mulceo, mulcere, mulsi, mulsus,

cast.

-ari, -atus, control.

molestus,

m5res, character.

motus,

Roman who

mitis, mite, gentle.

mitto,

mos, moris, w., custom, habit;

reward.

.,

murmur-

ing, roaring,
mora, -ae,yC, delay, hesitation.
mus, muris, m., mouse.
moribundus, -a, -um, dying.
morior, mori, mortuus, die; perf. musa, -ae, /, Muse, one of the

part., mortui, the dead.

moror,

-ari,

-atus, delay, linger,

wait; care for, heed.

mors, mortis,/, death.

morsus,

-lis,

w., a bite, a biting.

mortalis, mortale, mortal, human.

mortuus,

-a,

-um,

see

morior.

nine Muses.
miisculus,

mouse),

-i
little

miito, -are,

(dim.

of

mus,

mouse.

-avi,

-atus, change,

alter.

mutuus,
both

-a,

-um, reciprocal, on

sides, mutual.

VOCABULARY
Myndii, -orum,

/;/.,

the people of

-i,/, a very small city of

(ne,

human
(In

Asia Minor.

nemini,

dat.

nem

Myndus.

Myndus,

nemo

121
ace.

and

not,

nemihomo,

being), nobody, no one.

other

the

and

cases

in

the plural forms of niillus are

nam,

used.)

couj., for.

narro, -are, -avi, -atus, describe,

narrate,

who

tell.

of

one of the names

;.,

Publius

Cornelius

Scipio

naturalis,

naturale,

natural

conj.,

neque

(ne, not,

and que,

and

not, nor;

neque, neither

nequiquam,

adv., in vain, to

no

purpose, needlessly.

usual.

nauta, -ae,

neuter, neutra, neutrum, neither

;., sailor.

navigo, -are, -avi, -atus, go in a

-ne, enclitic, the sign of a question.

exhortations,

and wishes.

f.,

mist, vapor,

fog,

nidus,

-i,

(dim. of nidus, nest),

m., nest.
.,

nothing,

nil (indeclinable), n., nothing.

nimbus,

cloud.

-i,

m., rain cloud.

nimis, adv., in excess, too much.

necesse (indeclinable),

<7(^'.,

neces-

sary, inevitable.

nimius,

-a,

great, too

neco, -are, -avi, -atus,

.,

kill.

nectar, drink

of the gods.

nego, -are, -avi, -atus, say no, redeny.

neg5tium, negoti (nec, not, and

otium, leisure), ., business,
undertaking.

-i

little nest.

nihil (indeclinable),

nec, see neque.

nectar, nectaris,

nidulus,
m.,

used in commands,

ne, adv., not;

little

nest, build a nest.

ne, conj., that not, lest.

nebula, -ae,

(of two).

nidulor, -ari, -atus, build a

sail.

navis, navis,/, ship, boat.

fuse,

and),

nor.

Nasica.

boat,

m,, Neptune, divinity

-i,

ruled the sea.

neque or nec

nascor, nasci, natus, be born.

Nasica, -ae,

Neptiinus,

-um,
much,

excessive,

too

nisi, cottj., if not, unless, except.

nisus,

-us,

;.,

endeavor,

effort,

exertion.
nitor, nitoris, m., brilliance, brightness.

no, nare, navi, natus, swim.

nobilis, nobile,

known, famous;

of noble birth, of high station.

VOCABULARY

122

nobilito, -are, -avi, -atus (nobilis,

make

known), make known;

(ne,
.,

not, volo,

all,

as

at this time;

after

it is.

nuntia, -ae, /, messenger.

tell.

nuntius, niinti, m., messenger.

niiper, adv., recently, lately.

nos.

nostra,

noster,

nostrum,

poss.

our own.

profi., our,

0, interj.,

noticeable,

notabile,

notabilis,

-a,

the South

Wind.

on account

-um, slanting,

-a,

of.

cross-

oboedio, oboedire, oboedivi, oboe-

-um, new, novel, strange.

nox, noctis,/., the night; de nocte,

ditus, listen to

obruere,

obruo,

obey.
obrui,

obrutus

(ruo, fall), overwhelm, crush;

by night.

cover

nubes, nubis,/, a cloud.

nubila, -orum,

n.,

sow, plant.

obsequibilis,

clouds.

nudo, -are, -avi, -atus, lay bare,

obsequibile, obedi-

ent, compliant.

observo, -are, -avi, -atus, notice,

expose.

give heed

-um, bare, exposed.

-a,

nugator, nugatoris (nugor, play

the fool),

nullus,

wise, oblique.

notitia, -ae,/., acquaintance.

-i, ;;/.,

O Oh

Ob, prep, tvith ace,

Obliquus,

noteworthy.

vt., trifler, silly

-a,

-um (ne and

person.
ullus,

adv.

(Shows

that a

negative

pected,

as,

num

in

questions

to.

Obsidio, obsidionis, /, siege, in-

vestment, blockade.

obstupefacio, obstupefacere, obstupefeci,

any), not any, no, none.

num,

umquam,

nuntio, -are, -avi, -atus, report,

nosmetipsi, strengthened form of

nudus,

not,

(ne,

nunc, adv., now,

adv., not yet.

know.

novus,

a son of

ever), adv., never.

nosco, noscere, novi, notus, learn,

Notus,

;;/.,

Silvius Procas.

numquam

a name.

non, adv., not.

nondum,

number.

-i, ;;/.,

Numitor, Numitoris,

wish), not wish, be unwilling.

nomen, nominis,

., divinity, di-

vine authority.

numerus,

famous, render renowned.

noctu, adv., by night, at night.
nolo, nolle, nolui,

numen, numinis,

obstupefactus,

as-

tonish, astound, amaze.

ex-

obtineo, obtinere, obtinui, obten-

scribis? you are

tus (teneo, hold), hold; main-

answer

not writing, are you?)

is

tain

prevail.

VOCABULARY
obtrunco, -are, -avi, -atus (trunco,
lop), cut to pieces,

opportu-

occasionis, /,

occidens, occidentis,

occidere,

occido,

;;/.,

occupo,

-are,

occidi,

possession

of, seize

occisus

kill, slay.

-atus,

-avi,

take

perf. part.,

-i,

(ob and perio, cover), cover,

overwhelm.

opimus,

-um,

-a,

and f.,

worker,

rich, fat.

opinion.

oppidum,

walled town, town.

-i, ;z.,

opprimere,

opprimo,

oppressus

oppressi,

and

(ob

premo,

oppugnati5nis,

oppugnati5,

m., the ocean.

/,

assault, storming.

OCto, eight.

oculus,

opertus

operire, operui,

operio,

crush), crush, destroy.

busy, engaged, occupied.

Oceanus,

worth

opinio, opinionis, /, belief, notion,

(ob and caedo, cut),

:

the set-

the West.

is

it

maker.

OCCasus, -us, m., setting.

ting sun

est,

Opifex, opificis, m.

nity, occasion.
,

operae pretium
while.

kill.

Obviam, (nkK, in the way, against,

to meet
obviam venio, meet.
occasio,

'

23

-i, ;;/.,

the eye

in oculis,

ops, opis,/, power, means

help,

assistance.

before our eyes.

offero, offerre, obtuli,

and

oblatus (ob

fero, bring), bring before,

-i,

Olympia,
place

/, Olympia,
Greece where

-ae,

desire, wish.

n.,

work

the

orbis, orbis, m., circle

rarum, the world.

need, ne-

orbis ter-

every,

the

com-

mence.
ordo, ordinis, m.,

all,

5rdior, ordiri, orsus, begin,

adj.,

all-powerful.

omne,

the

Olympic games were held.

omnipotens, omnipotentis,
omnis,

prefer

cessity.

n., oil.

in

lect,

Opus, operis,

present, offer.

oleum,

opto, -are, -avi, -atus, choose, se-

bank (of

rank (of soldiers),

oars),

line.

oriens, orientis, m., the rising sun,

whole.
oner5, -are, -avi, -atus, load, load

down, burden.

the East.

Orion,

burden.

onus, oneris,

n., load,

Onustus,

-um, laden, loaded,

giant

Orionis,
;

name

m.,

of

mythical
constella-

-a,

burdened.
opera, -ae, /,

tion.

orior,
effort,

work, service;

oriri,

spring from.

ortus,

arise,

rise,

VOCABULARY

124

orno, -are, -avi, -atus, equip, pre-

oro, -are, -avi, -atus, beg, plead,

ortus, -us,
oris,

Parnasus,

rising.

;;/.,

mouth

the

n.,

face,

bone.

ti.,

peperi,

partus,

lay (of eggs)

tentus

(equals

(os

and

ob)

tend5, stretch), hold

out,

ex-

n.,

mouth (of
-um (otium,

trance, door;

oti5sus, -a,

calm,

-are,

pars,

-atus, prepare,

-avi,

partis,

share

portion,

part,

/,

partes, party.

parsimonia,

an en- particula,

rivers).

quiet),

undis-

tranquil,

quiet,

m., a high mountain

-i,

-ae,

/,

-ae,

(dim. of pars,

part), little part, small portion,

particle.

partior, partiri, partitus (pars, a

part), divide into portions,

turbed.

parvulus,

egg.

n.,

-i,

-um

-a,

(dim. of par-

vus, small), very small,

pabulum,

n.,

-i,

fodder, feed, for-

age, food.
.,

the Palatine

-a,

-ae,

/,

palm

pascor,

-um

minimus),
pasci,

tiny.

minor;

{comp.,

little,

pastus,

small.
feed,

graze.

the imperial palace,

palma,

parvus,

superi.,

Palatium, Palati,

make

a division.

ovis, ovis,/, sheep.

econ-

thrift,

omy.

show, display.

ostium, osti (os, mouth),

hill

get,

secure.

ostendo, ostendere, ostendi, os-

ovum,

in Phocis.

paro,

countenance.
OS, ossis,

tend

parere,

bring forth

secure, win.

urge.

OS,

parens, parentis, m., parent.

pario,

pare.

branch

pascua, -ae,/, pasture.

passim, adv.,

prize, victory.

in all directions.

Pan, Panos {ace. Pana), m., Fan passus, -us, m., a pace ; miUe
(god of shepherds).
passuum, a thousand paces, a
pando, pandere, pandi, passus,
papaver, papaveris,

.,

poppy.

-a,

-um, ready, prepared.

parco, parcere, peperci or parsi,

parciturus

and parsurus,

mile.

herd.

pastus, -us, m., food, sustenance.

par, paris, adj., equal, alike.

paratus,

Roman

pastor, pastoris, w., feeder, shep-

open, unfold, stretch out.

spare.

patefacio,

patefacere,

patefactus

(pateo

patefeci,

and

make), make open, open.

facio,

VOCABULARY
pater, patris,

father;

;//.,

Patrum, Roman
paternus,

-um, of a

-a,

Patres,

father, pa-

pauci, -ae,

adv.,

little

by

little,

penna,

-ae,

paulo post,

little;

paululum (paulum,
a very

a little), adv.,

by

of.

cussus (quatio, shake), shake

perdo, perdere, perdidi, perditus,
lose

little.

pauper, pauperis,

adj., poor,

with-

out money.

pavefactus,

means

violently.

little later.

destroy, ruin.

pereo,

perire,

(eo, go),

-um, frightened,

-a,

perfidia, -ae,

pavo, pavonis, m.

and

/.,

pea-

periturus

peril,

go away

perish.

/, treachery,

perfidus, -a, -um,

alarmed.

perfidy.

per-

faithless,

fidious.

perf odio, perf odere, perfossi, per-

cock.

pax, pads,/, peace.

fossus

peccator, peccatoris (pecc5, sin),

pierce through.

w., breast, heart.

tus

peciinia, -ae, /,

money, property.

on.

pecus, pecoris,

n., cattle,

a herd

pierce),

stab,

(rego,

periculosus,

rule),

-a,

proceed,

go

-um (periculum,

danger), perilous, dangerous.

the flock.

peditatus,

(fodio,

perg5, pergere, perrexi, perrec-

m., sinner.

pectus, pectoris,

-iis,

w., footmen, infan-

periculum,

-i,

., trial, test

dan-

ger, peril, risk.

try.

pellicio,

wing,

feather,

/.,

percutio, percutere, percussi, per-

gradually.

paulo, adv., a

pelagus,

make

-atus,

-avi,

per, prep, with ace, through,

a few.

-a, few,

paulatim,

little,

-are,

one's way.

pinion.

land.

hanging,

penitus, adv., deeply, far within.

allow.

patria, -ae,/, native land, father-

adj.,

suspended.
penetro,

bearance, patience.
patior, pati, passus, permit, suf-

pulsus,

pepuli,

pellere,

drive out, expel.

pendens, pendentis,

ternal.

patientia, -ae, /, endurance, for-

fer,

pellis, pellis,/, the skin, hide.

pell5,

senators.

25

-i,

peritus,

., sea.

pellicere,

pellexi,

pel-

lectus, charm, allure, attract.

-a,

-um,

skilled,

expe-

rienced, famiHar with.

permetior, permetiri, permensus

VOCABULARY

126

(metior, measure), measure off;

traverse, journey over.

pernicies,

perniciei,

placeo, placere, placui, placitus,

be agreeable

please,

/, destruc-

placide, adv., calmly, quietly.

tion.

perperam,

adv., wrongly, unjustly.

persequor, persequi,

persecutus

(sequor, follow), follow up.

a Persian.
perspici5,

plaga, -ae,/, net, snare, trap.

plane, adv., plainly, clearly

planeta, -ae, m., wandering

perspexi,

perspicere,
Tspecio,

see),

see

plants,

-are,

pervenio, pervenire, perveni,per-

venturus (venio, come),

arrive,

-a,

/, plague,

ruin.

peto, petere, petivi or petii, peti-

demand.

-ae,

/, wantonness,

-1,

w., Philip, the

of several kings of

philosophus,

-i,

name

Macedon.

m., philosopher.

-are,

gen-

-atus,

have

-avi,

plurimum, super I. ^/multum.

poena,

/, penalty, punishpoenas dare, pay the

-ae,
;

penalty.
-a,

-um, Carthaginian, be-

longing to Carthage

subst., a

Carthaginian, native of Carthage,

poeta, -ae, m., a poet.

Pol, interj., by Pollux

Phrygia, -ae,/, a country of Asia polliceor,

poUicitus,

polliceri,

promise.

Minor.

Pollux,

pietas, pietatis, /, piety.

-i,

usually,

feathers, feather out.

Poenus,

phalerae, -arum,/, trappings.

full, filled.

adv.,

erally.

ment

mischievousness.

-um,

plerumque,

plumo,

reach.

pes, pedis, m., a foot, the foot.

tus, seek, ask,

plant,

ing a constellation.

plenus,

ened, panic-stricken.

pestilentia, -ae,

-atus,

-avi,

set out.

Pleiades, -um,/, seven stars form-

through, discern.
perterritus, -a, -um, greatly fright-

Philippus,

star,

planet.

perspectus

petulantia,

quite,

fully.

Perses, -ae, m., native of Persia,

pilus,

(imper-

seem good.

sonal), be pleasing,

pinguis, pingue,

fat.

piscis, piscis,

/;/.,

fish

constellation.

pistrinum,

-i,

PoUucis,

in.,

(brother of Castor);

w., a hair.

., mill.

Pollux,

name

of a

constellation.
;

Pisces, a

pondus, ponderis,

//.,

a weight,

pono, ponere, posui, positus,

aside, put, place.

set

VOCABULARY
pons, pontis,

pontus,

;;/.,

-i, ///.,

populus,

praecipio,

bridge.

stretch out,

lent.

praeco, praeconis, m., herald.

porto, -are, -avi, -atus, carry.

possideo, possidere, possedi, pos-

and

sessus (por (equals pro)

possess, hold.

sit),

possum, posse, potui,

-with

be able,
be-

ace, after,

postea, adv., afterwards,

-a,

on

praehibitus (habe5, hold), hold

judgment, premature decision

prejudice.

ahead.

praemium, praemi,
for,

reward.

n.,

praeponS, praeponere, praeposui,

praepositus (pono, put), place

adj.,

potestatis,

authority, office

powerful.

/, power,

in potestate,

under control.
adv.

before, prefer.

praesepe,

praesepis,

n.,

stall,

manger.
praeses, praesidis, w., protector;

{conip.),

rather;

potissimum, before

all

prae, prep, with

of, for.

president, ruler.

praesidium, praesidi,
tion

others, chiefly.

account

n.

preliminary

praemissus (mitto, send), send

demand.

siiperl,

praeiiidici,

judge),

praemitto, praemittere, praemisi,

conj., after.

potens, potentis,

potius,

give.

day;

postuld, -are, -avi, -atus, call

potestas,

praeiudicium,

ad postre-

finally, at last.

postquam,

prae-

shine), shine

brilliantly, glitter.

(iiidico,

postero

following

the

postremus

sziperl,

later,

-um, next, following;

descendants

posteri,

mum,

(fulgeo,

before, offer

post, adv., afterwards, later, after.

posterus,

spoil, booty, prey.

praefulgere,

praehibeo, praehibere, praehibui,

hind.

die,

praeda, -ae,/,
praefulgeo,
fulsi,

can, have power.

post, pj-ep.

cially.

praeclarus, -a -um, noble, excel-

porta, -ae,/, gate.

''

instruct;

praecipue, adv., particularly, espe-

Porsenna (king

-ae, m.,

of Clusium).

teach,

in

direct, enjoin.

extend.

Porsenna,

sedeo,

advance;

a people, nation.

-i, VI.,

praecepi,

praecipere,

praeceptus (capio, take), take

sea.

porg5, porgere,

27

abl.,

before;

on

n.,

protec-

guard, garrison.

praestantia,

-ae,

preeminence.

/,

superiority,

VOCABULARY

128

with ace, further

praeter, prep,

beyond, except.

th'an,

praetereo, praeterire,

praeterii,

praeteritus (eo, go), go beyond,

go by.
pratum,
pravus,
bad,

of;

instead

before

of, in

the place

of,

pro more, according to

custom.

probo, -are, -avi, -atus, approvd,

indorse.

-a,

meadow.

-um, twisted, crooked;

proboscis, proboscidis, /, trunk

(of an elephant), proboscis.

wicked.

procedo, procedere, processi, pro-

w.,

-i,

evil,

precum

pieces,

(only

plural), f., entreaties;

the

in

supplica-

cessurus (cedo, go), go forward,

advance.
procella, -ae, /, storm, blast

tion, prayer.

at-

tack, charge.

precor, -ari, -atus, pray.

premo, premere, pressi, pressus, proceres, -um, w., leading men,

press

chiefs, nobles.

burden, load.

expensively,

adv.,

preti5se,

in

away

costly fashion.

pretium, preti,
pay,

est,

at

is

operae Proculus, -i, m., a Roman who

claimed he saw Romulus after
worth while;

little

nobles, leading
-a,

death.

value.

prodeo, prodire, pr5dii, proditii-

first.

primores, primorum,

primus,

-um,

in.,

chiefs,

men.

go), go

(eo,

principatus, -us, m., leadership.

n.,

begin-

treachery.
proelior, -ari, -atus, fight, struggle, battle.

proelium, proeli,

ning.
prior, prius, former,

first

(of two),

previous; superl., primus,

prius, adv., before, sooner,

first.

first;

-um,

in private

life,

profanus,

temple

abl., for, in

-a,

behalf

-um, without

the

wicked, profane.

(pro and factum), adv.^

surely, certainly.

proficiscor,

as a private citizen.

pro, prep, with

., fight, battle,

contest.

profecto

rather,
-a,

forward, ad-

pr5ditio, pr5diti5nis, /, treason,

first.

principium, principi,

rus

vance.

princeps, principis, m., leader,

privatus,

procul dubio, without

doubt.

ransom;
it

parvi preti, of

primo, adv.,

worth, value;

n.,

reward;

pretium

procul, adv., in the distance, far

proficisci,

set out, depart.

profectus,

VOCABULARY
progredior, progredi, pr5gressus
(gradior, step), go forward.

prohibitus (habeo, hold), hold

off,

prevent, hinder.

icetus, drive away, hurl forward.

a ship).

adv., entirely, altogether.

prosilio, prosilire,

do

leap.

well.

protinus,

straightway,

adv.,

at

once.

pr5videns, providentis,

proinde, adv., therefore.

prospero, -are, -avi, -atus, prosper,

pro-

proieci,

proicere,

proicio,

prow (of

prora, -ae,/,

prorsum,

prohibui,

prohibere,

prohibeo,

129

adj., pru-

dent, advisable.
promo, promere, prompsi, promptus (pr5 and emo, take), take provideo, providere, providi, pro-

produce.

out, bring forth;

pr5mptus,

visus (video, look), look out

-um, disposed,

-a,

in-

readiness, be-

;;/.,

promptu,

in

at

hand.

prope, prep.

call), challenge.

proximus,

%vith ace, near.

hurry.
relatives,

propior, nearer

super I.

proxi-

-a,

-um, favoring, kind,

-um, nearest, next.

prudence, discretion.

publicus,

-um, of the people,

-a,

cum,

in public.

shame, modesty.
puer, pueri, m., boy; child.

gracious.

proponere,

proposui,

propositus (pon5, place), place

-a,

-um, one's own.

propter, prep,
of,

with ace, on

because

propterea, adv.,
for

that

-ae,

ac-

/, contest, struggle,

battle.

-are, -avi, -atus, fight.

pulcher,

pulchra,

beautiful;

pulchrum,

noble.

pulchritiido, pulchritiidinis (pul-

of.

on

pugna,

pugno,

before, submit, propose.

proprius,

-a,

pudor, pudoris, m., sense of shame,

nearest, next.

prop5no,

(vol5, fly),

public; open, visible; per publi-

kindred.

propitius,

priidentia, -ae, /, wisdom, foresight,

propinqui, -orum, m.,

rush forward.

fly forth,

propero, -are, -avi, -atus, hasten,

that,

pr6voc5, -are, -avi, -atus (voco,

provolo, -are,

prope, adv., almost, nearly.

count

for,

of.

provincia, -ae,/, a province.

clined.

promptus, -us,
ing at hand

mus,

provide, take care

foresee;

account

reason,

of

there-

cher, beautiful),/, beauty.

pullus,

young

fore.

GALL. LAT. READ.

-i,

7n.,

bird.

young chicken,

VOCABULARY

130

pulso, -are, -avi, -atus (freq. of

quia, conj., because.

quicquam, see quisquam.

quicumque, quaecumque, quodpulvis, pulveris, ;;/., dust.
cumque, whoever, whatever.
punio, punire, punivi, punitus,
punish.
quidam, quaedam, quiddam, and
pello, drive), push, beat upon.

puppis, puppis, /,

(of a

stern

pusillus, -a, -um, small, weak, in-

-avi,

-are,

-atus,

think,

/, wife of Deucalion.
in., king of Epirus.

-ae,

Pyrrhus,

as indef. subst.,

as

indef.

some, a;

some one, some-

thing.

quidem, adv. (emphasizes the word

suppose.

Pyrrha,

(as adj.)

thing; a certain man, a certain

significant.

puto,

quoddam

adj., a certain, certain,

ship).

-i,

it

follows), in fact, indeed;

quies, quietis,/, peace, quiet,

Q., abbreviation of

quadriga, -ae,

f.,

Quintus.

team of four
-a,

four hun-

quaesivi

or

quaesitus, ask, seek,

quaesii,

how; than,

-a,

as

common

Roman

quis, quid, interrog. pron.,

who

nisi, ne,

indef. pron. with

and num, any

si,

one, any-

thing.

great,

quartus,

-i,

quis, quid,

as.

-um, how great

why not?

five.

praenomen.

what

adv.,

quantus,

-a,

-um, fourth, a quarter.

quasi, conj., as

if.

quisque, quaeque, quodque, each,

-que, conj. (enclitic), and.

queror, queri, questus, complain,

each one.
quivis, quaevis, quidvis, and (as

lament.

quae,

quisquam {ni.andf ),quidquam

or quicquam (.), any one^ anything.

quattuor, four.

qui,

quinque,
Quintus,

quaerere,

inquire.

quam,

tus, be quiet, rest, take rest.

quin, adv.,

dred.

quaero,

rest.

quiesco, quiescere, quievi, quie-

horses, four-horse team,

quadringenti, -ae,

to

be sure.

quod,

interrog.

adj.

pron., what? which?

qui, quae, quod, rel. pron., who,

which, that.

quodvis (qui, rel., and

from volo, wish), any one
you will, any one; anything you
adj.)

vis,

please, any.

VOCABULARY
quod,

conj.,

quondam,

because

(equals

that.

adv., once, formerly, at

refecti5, refectionis,

also, likewise,

quorsum, adv., whither, to what

-um, mad, raging.

/, restoring,

referre,

bring),

bring back,

re-

store;

report;

beneficium

re-

ferre, return a favor;

rapio, rapere, rapui, raptus, seize,

referre, return a favor.

take by force, rob,

refluo, refluere,

steal.

n.,

take),

back;

receive,

take

back,

get

regi5, regionis, /, direction;

re-

gion, district.

regno,

-avi,

-are,

-atus,

reign,

rule.

nition.

recondo, recondere, recondidi, reconditus, hide, hide away.

adv..,

rightly,

properly,

regnum,
dom.

-1,

rector, rectdris, w., ruler, master,

director.
n.,

what

is

right,

up-

-are,

manage, guide,

rule,

reicere,

reieci,

(iaci5, throw),

reiectus

throw back, put

upon.

rightness.

recumbo, recumbere, recubui,

lie back, lie down.
recupero,

royal power, king-

lead, control, reign.

reicio,

-1,

n.,

rego, regere, rexi, rectus, rule, get

straight;

justly.

rectum,

(fluo, flow),

regius, -a, -um, royal, kingly.

welcome.

recognitio, rec5gnitionis,/, recog-

recte,

regia, -ae, /, royal palace.

hoe, rake.

recipio, recipere, recepi, receptus

(capio,

gratiam

flow back, recede.

rarus, -a, -um, rare, scarce.

-i,

relatus

rettuli,

(fero,

rana, -ae,/, frog.

rastrum,

go

refreshment.
refers,

place.

-a,

go),

eo,

(duco, lead), lead back.

conj., since, because,

quoque, adv.,

rabidus,

and

re)

back, return; turn back on.

reduc5, reducere, reduxi, reductus

one time.

quoniam,

131

-avi,

-atus,

-r-,

relaxo, -are, -avi, -atus, loosen,

get

relinquo, relinquere, reliqui, re-

open.

back, recover.
reddo, reddere, reddidi, redditus
(red (equals re) and do, place),

put back; restore; render, make.

redeo, redire, redii, rediturus (red

lictus, leave, leave

behind;

for-

., cure,

rem-

sake, abandon.

remedium, remedi,
edy.

remotus,

-a,

-um,

distant, remote.

VOCABULARY

132

removeo, removere, removi, remotus (move5, move), move

away, remove.

Remus,

residere,

sus (sedeo,

resedi,

sit), sit

with-

stand, oppose, resist.

w., oar.

-i,

reses-

down.

resisto, resistere, restiti,

lus,

remus,

(servo,

keep), keep back, save, reserve.

resideo,

Romu-

w., brother of

-i,

reserve, -are, -avi, -atus

renascor, renasci, renatus ( nascor,

respondeo, respondere, respondi,

be born), spring up, be renewed.

responsus (spondeo, promise),

reply, answer
correspond.

renew,

reparo, -are, -avi, -atus,

restore, start again.

repello,

repellere,

restitu5, restituere, restitui, resti-

reppuli,

re-

tutus, put back, restore.

pulsus (pello, drive) drive back, resto,

,

repente, adv., suddenly.

repentinus,

-a,

resurgo,

-um, sudden.

reperire,

reperio,

repperi,

re-

repleo, replere, replevi, repletus

fill),

fill

full,

repono, rep5nere, reposui, repositus

restore

(pono, place), put back,

;

holding back.

scorn, dismiss, divorce.

-are, -avi, -atus

(pugno,

fight), fight in turn, fight

back,

res, rei,
affair;

/, a thing; fact, matter,

respect, circumstance;

res publica, the state, the public

welfare, public

life.

rescindo, rescindere, rescidi, rescissus, tear down, destroy.

sus, pull out, tear away.

revincire,

vinctus

(vincio,

revinxi,

bind),

re-

bind.

fasten.

-are,

call), call

regis

-avi,

-atus

(voco

back, recall.
(cf.

rule),

rego,

m.,

king.

Rhea, -ae, /, Rhea, a propei

name. Rhea Silvia, the mother
of Romulus and Remus.
ride5,

fight,

resurrexi,

rise.

retrorsum, adv., backward.

rex,

repudio, -are, -avi, -atus, reject,

(sto, stand),

revello, revellere, revelli, revul-

revoco,

lay aside.

reprehenso, -are, -avi, -atus, keep

repugno,

resurgere,

revincio,

fill.

left.

(surgo, rise),

pertus, find, find out, discover.

(pleo,

-are, restiti,

remain, be

repel, repulse.

ridere,

laugh

ripa, -ae,/, a
ritus,

risi,

risus,

laugh,

at.

-us,

bank (of a stream).

ni.,

manner,

custom,

habit.

robur, roboris,

n.,

oak

strength.

rogo, -are, -avi, -atus, ask, ask

for.

VOCABULARY
Roma, -ae,/, Rome,

the capital

Romanus, -a, -um, of Rome,

Roman.
R5mulus, -i, w., supposed founder
of Rome.
roro, -are -avi, -atus, trickle, drip,

be dripping.

fierce.

(cf.

-i

nig5sus,

rodo, gnaw), .,

-um

-a,

wrinkle),

(ruga,

of

full

wrinkles,

wrinkled.

Sagittarius,

archer

sagittari,

in.,

an

the Archer (a constella-

tion).

name.

ily

saluber, salubris, saliibre, healthful,

wholesome.

salus, salutis,/, welfare, safety.

saiiitatio, saliitati5nis,

rumpo, rumpere, rupi,

ruptus,

/, greet-

ing.

sanctus,

break, burst.

mere,

feed generously.
sagitta, -ae, /, arrow.

Salinator, Salinatoris, m., a fam-

beak (ofa ship), beak (of a bird).

ruo,

-um, savage,

-a,

sagino, -are, -avi, -atus, fatten,

of Italy.

rostrum,

saevus,

133

-a,

-um, sacred, holy.

sanguis, sanguinis, m., blood.

rui, ruiturus, rush.

rupes, rupis,/, a rock,

sanies, -ei,/, bloody matter.

ruptor, ruptoris, m., destroyer,

sanus,

rursum,

sapiens, sapientis, adj., wise, dis-

adv., again.

rursus, adv., again,

rusticus,

(rus,

-i

m.,

sapio,

-um, of the Sabines,

Sabine.
sacrificium, sacrifici,
-i,

sarcinae, -arum,/, packs, bundles

of baggage.

.,

n., sacrifice.

generation.

Saturnus,

god

saucius,

saepio, saepire, saepsi, saeptus,

saxum,

hedge about, surround.

fierce,

be

-ae,

/,

cruelty,

-i,

a planet.

-um, wounded.
.,

a rock

the Tar-

Scaevola,

-ae,

w.,

family

n.,

evil

deed,

name.

cruel, rage.

ness, ferocity, violence.

-a,

sufficiently.

m., an ancient Latin

peian rock.

saevio, saevire, saevivi, saevitus,

saevitia,

enough,
-i,

of agriculture

saepe, adv., often.

be

sapii,

satis, adv.,

saeculum,

or

sapere, sapivi

have good sense, be wise,

have good taste.

Sabini, -orum, m., the Sabines.

-a,

-um, sound, sane.

creet.

country),

countryman.

Sabinus,

-a,

harsh-

scelus,

sceleris,

crime, wickedness.

VOCABULARY

134
scio, scire, scivi, scitus,

scorpionis,

Scorpio,

know.
a

;;/.,

semper, adv., always, ever,

scor-

scorpius, scorpi,

a scorpion

;.,

the Scorpion (a constellation).

scriba, -ae,

secretary,

in.,

clerk,

scrlbo, scribere, scrips!, scriptus,

sectator, sectatoris, m., follower,

eternal,

-iis,

m., the senate.

senectus, senectutis, /, old age.

senex, senis, m., old man, old.

little

by

gradually,

= cum

secundus,

-a,

sententia, -ae,

/,

opinion, view;

-um, second,

the

sensi,

sentire,

sensus,

perceive by the senses, see,

feel,

notice.

seciirus, -a,

-um

(se, without,

Ciira, anxiety),

unconcerned,

and septem, seven,

without anxiety,
at

regard-

ease

septentrio, septentrionis,

Great Bear

sepulchrum,

ing.

prep,

with

ace,

near,

sede5, sedere, sedi, sessus,

(cf.

sereno,

sit.

sedeo, sit),/, seat,

abode, dwelling place.

sedilis

the

n.,

-i,

tomb, sepul-

sequi,

follow,

seciitus,

pursue.

but.

sedes, sedis

vt.,

the North.

cher.

sequor,

along.
corij.,

reason-

ing,

sentio,

se.

second.

secus,

slowly,

little.

meaning, purport, sense.

hearer, pupil.

sedile,

senatus,

sensus, -us, m., feeling;

write.

secreto, adv., secretly, privately.

sed,

-um,

-a,

sensim, adv.,

scribe.

secum

sempiternus,
everlasting,

pion.

(sedeo,

serenus,
sit),

n.,

field,

grain field;

grain, crop.
sella, -ae,/, seat, chair.

-atus,

-avi,

calm,

-a,

-um, calm,

undis-

turbed, peaceful,

sermocinor,

chair, stool, seat.

seges, segetis, a

-are,

comfort, soothe.

-ari,

-atus

(serm5,

conversation), talk, converse.

serus, -a, -um, late, too late,
servio, servire, servivi, servitas,

be a slave to, serve.

semen, seminis, n., seed.
sementis, sementis(semen,seed), servitium, serviti, n., serfdom,
slavery, dependence.
/, sowing, planting, growing
crop, grain.

semita, -ae,/, way, path.

servitiis,

serfdom.

servitiitis,

/,

slavery,

VOCABULARY
servo, -are, -avi, -atus, save, pre-

.,

sestertium, sesterti,

a thou-

adv.,

strictly,

sternly,

m., son of Tarquinius

-i,

manner,

n.,

in sicco, in a

siccus, -a, -urn, dry;

solitiido,

sidus, sideris, n., star, constella-

., signal,

token; con-

solstitiale,

silva, -ae,/, forest,

similis, simile, like, similar.

simul, adv., at the same time;

without.

num., one
one
by one

singuli, -ae, -a, distrib.

one

single, separate.

sinister, sinistra, sinistrum, left,

left,

sistere, stiti, status, stay,

check.

of the sun

n.,

a standing

solstice.

n5n solum,

not only.
solvo, solvere, solvi, solutus, free,
acquit, open.

sonitus, -us, m.,2. sound, noise.

sonitus,
sonui,
sonare,
sono,

soror, sor5ris, /, sister.

if.

sine, prep, with abl.

on the

sum-

sound, speak.

together,

time,

of

solus, -a, -um, alone, only, sole.

wood.

Silvia, -ae,/., see Rhea.

Silvius, Silvi, m., king of Alba.

but

still

solum, adv., only;

stellation, star.

silentium, silenti, ., silence,

lonely

mer,
solstitium, s51stiti,

tion,

each;

(semi-

/,

solitudinis,

solstitialis,

Sicilia, -ae,/., Sicily.

sin, conj.,

sum

deponent), be accustomed, be

place, loneUness.

dry place.

-i,

consola-

solace,

comfort,

wont.

sicco, -are, -avi, -atus, dry.

sisto,

sol, solis, m., the sun.

sole5, solere, solitus

whether,

sic, adv., so, thus, in this

signum,

com-

tion.

Superbus.
si, conj., if,

at

associate,

m.,

solacium, solaci (solor, comfort),

gravely.

Sextus,

soci,

socius,

rade, companion.

sand sesterces.
severe,

alliance,

/,

societatis,

partnership.

m., slave,

-i,

sitis, sitis,/, thirst.

societas,

serve, keep,

servus,

135

spargo, spargere, sparsi, sparsus,

scatter, strew, sprinkle.

Spartiatae, -arum, m., the Spartans.

spatium, spati,

n.,

space, distance,

period.

speciosus,

-a,

-um, showy

ble, specious.

plausi-

VOCABULARY

136
spectaculum,

sight

.,

-i,

show,

spectacle.

spectator,

-are,

spectatoris,

w.,

on-

stipendium, stipendi,
stirps, stirpis,

specto, -are, -avi, -atus (freq. of

specio, look), look on, behold.

specus, -us, m. atid f., cave, cavern,

den.
spes, spei,/, hope, expectation,
spiritus, -us,

breath;

;;/.,

mind,

spirit,

spondeo,

stand

spondere,

{abl.

spopondi,

Spuri,

vi^hich is

own

accord.

w.,

not

active,

;/.,

Roman paces;

stridor, stridoris,

;;/.,

roar, bellow,
silly;

of

stulti, the foolish.

suadeo, suadere, suasi, suasurus,

suaviter, adv., pleasantly, sweetly.

sub, prep. 7uith

abl.,

under.

subdiico, subdiicere, subduxi, sub-

a distance of

ductus (duco, lead), lead away,

withdraw, remove.

a race course

sube5, subire, subii, subitus (eo,

a stadium in length.

go), go under, undergo;

statim, adv., at once, immediately.

static, stationis,/, post, position;

guard.

up,

assume

take

withdraw.

subgero, subgerere, subgessi, sub-

gestus (gero, carry), bring near,

statua, -ae,/, image, statue.

give, present.

statuo, statuere, statui, statutus,

decide, determine,

ready,

brave.

Roman

praenomen.
stadium, stadi,

make up

one's

mind.

(iace5, lie),

lie

under,

lie

below,

once.

sterilis, sterile, barren, unfruitful,

sterile.

subitus,

-a,

-um, sudden, unex-

pected.

sterno, sternere, stravi, stratus,

scatter.
stillo, -are, -avi, -atus,

subiaceo, subiacere, subiacui,

subito, adv., suddenly, quickly, at

Stella, -ae,/, a star.

trickle.

-um,

-a,

advise, urge.

^yspon^,

found), of one's

Spurius,

stop.

still;

no value;

sponsus, promise.

tree,

sto, stare, steti, statiirus, stand,

stultus, -a, -um, foolish,

spissus, -a, -um, thick.

pay.

.,

/, root of a

splinter.

strenuus,

sponte

-atus, goad,

-avi,

rouse, spur, incite.

looker, spectator, beholder.

125

stimulo,

sublicius, -a, -um, resting on piles;

pons sublicius, the

drop, drip,

pile bridge.

sublimis, sublime, on high.

submerg5, submergere, submersi,

VOCABULARY
submersus (mergo, immerse),
plunge under, sink.

(sequor, follow), follow closely.

subside, subsidere, subsedi, subsessus, sink, settle.

fly), fly

up,

subsilui,

(volo,

cessurus (sub and cedo. go),

take the

place

of,

succurrere,

succursurus
run),

come

succurri,

and

(sub

curro,

to the assistance of,

suffragium,

?ui,

suffragi,

ballot,

n.,

approbation, approval.

sibi, se

himself,

or sese,
herself,

summum,

to the top.

supero, -are, -avi, -atus, overcome,

conquer

surpass, excel.

-1, in.,

to,

usu-

trench, furrow.

with

concerning

over, upon.

remaining

alive, living.

superfui,

superfuturus, survive, be
n.,

left.

punish-

ment, torture.
surgo, surgere, surrexi,

rise.

ceptus (sus (equals sub) and

summa, -ae,/, sum, amount.

summus, superl. 0/ superior.
prep,

viving,

supersum, superesse,

them-

gender and number of the

about,

highest, greatest, ut-

itself,

esse, f ui, futurus, be, exist.

super,

ad

supe-

suscipio, suscipere, suscepi, sus-

ally the subject of the clause).

sum,

most

superl.,

pron.,

person or thing referred

sulcus,

former, earlier

reflex,

selves (to be translated according

to the

rior

super),

(cf.

higher, upper

adj..,

supplicium, supplici,

aid, help, succor.

vote

superius

superior,

on.

fall

superstes, superstitis, adj., sur-

succeed.

succurr5,

from above,

summus,

away.

succedo, succedere, success!, suc-

come up

gods.

superincido, superincidere,

comp.

jump.

-avi, -atus

fly

Superi, -orum, m., those above, the

fall

(salio, leap), leap up,

subvolo, -are,

superbia, -ae,/, pride, arrogance,

haughtiness.

risus (ride5, laugh), smile.

subsequor, subsequi, subsecutus

subsilire,

superbe, adv., arrogantly, haughtily.

subrideo, subridere, subrisi, sub-

subsilio,

137

abl.,
;

with

capio, take),

under-

tentus (sus (equals sub) and

hold

teneo,

hold),

carry

bear, endure

its,

ace,

up,

sustine5, sustinere, sustinui, sus-

suus,

over

take

take.

-a,

-um,

up,
;

hold,

wear.

poss. pron., his, her,

their (translated according to

the gender and

possessor,

which

number of
is

the

usually the

subject of the clause).

VOCABULARY

138
Sybaris,

city of

/, a

-is,

South-

ern Italy famous for luxury and

taurus,

-i,

Taurus,

high living.

Sybarita, -ae, m., an inhabitant

-um, of Sybaris.

-a,

the Bull (a

an

m.,

-i,

Athenian

philosopher.

tectum,

of Sybaris, a Sybarite.

Sybaritanus,

bull

;//.,

constellation)

71.,

(part, of tego, cover),

-i

roof.

tego, tegere, texi, tectus, cover,

hide.

taberna, -ae, /, shop.

tabula, -ae,/, tablet.
tacitus,

taceo, be

talentum,
of

-um

-a,

tegumentum,

(participle

still), silent, in silence.

-i,

money.

tarn, adv., so, so

such a

sort.

much.

tandem,

adv., like, as

as

still.

if.

adv., at last, finally.

tangere,

tango,

tactus,

tetigi,

-a,

-um, so great, so

tarditas, tarditatis,

/,

large.

sluggish-

-um,

-a,

delay,

-atus,

-avi,

-are,

Southern

-i,

a Greek city in

n.,

storm, tempest.

tempestivus,

-a,

templum,

.,

-i,

tempori, adv.,

-um,

quinius,

name

of

two

Tarkings.

Lucius Tarquinius Priscus,

king of Rome.
perbus, the

fifth

Tarquinius Su-

last

of the

Roman

early.
.,

time, season.

turn, pursue one's way, go.

-a,

-um, dark, gloomy,

teneo, tenere, tenui, tentus, hold,

small,

slen-

der, trivial, insignificant.

-i,

n.,

back, rear; a tergo,

behind.
terni, -ae, -a, three each, three by
three, in threes.
tero, terere, trivi, tritus, rub,

away

tempus

wear

terere, use up

time, kill time.

kings.

Tartara, -drum,

early,

temple.

tend5, tendere, tetendi, tentus,

tergum,

Italy.

Tarquinius, Tarquini, m.,

(tem-

bad weather,

weather;

tenuis, tenue, thin;

linger, loiter.

Tarentum,

moderate,

tempestatis

tempestas,

tenebr5sus,

ness, slowness.

tard5,

soil,

weapon.

tempus, temporis,

touch.

tantus,

n.,

-i,

pus),

adv., nevertheless, yet,

tamquam,

covering,

temperate.

talis, tale, such, of

tamen,

telum,

sum temperatus,

a talent, a

n.,

-i, ;/.,-

of tellus, telliiris, /, earth,

n.,

regions, Tartarus.

the infernal

terra,

-ae,

earth.

/, a

land, a country,

VOCABULARY
terreo,

terrui,

terrere,

territus,

-um,

terrificus, -a,

tot, so

totus,

terrify, frighten,

139

many.
-a, -um, whole,

all,

alto-

gether,

terrifying,

terror, terroris, m., fright, fear,

tracto, -are, -avi, -atus

of

(freq.

traho, draw), treat.

tertius, -a, -um, third.

traditus,
Themistocles, Themistoclis, ;., a trada, tradere, tradidi,
hand over, give over; traditur,
distinguished Athenian general,

thesaurus,

m., treasure chest,

-i,

Thessalus,

-um, of Thessaly,

-a,

related.

ductus (duco, lead)

trahere,

trahd,

Thessalian.

Tiberinus,

it is

traduco, traducere, traduxi, tra-

repository, treasury.

-um, of the Tiber,

-a,

draw

transfer.

tractus,

traxi,

take on, assume.

m., Tiber, the river

trames, tramitis, m., pathway.

trano, -are, -avi, -atus (no, swim),

Tiberius, Tiberi, m., the second

tranquillus, -a, -um, calm, peace-

Tiber.

Tiberis,

-is,

swim

Tiber.

Roman

ful,

emperor.

tibicen, tibicinis, m., trumpeter,

timeo,

be

timui,

timere,

fear,

-a,

trans, prep, with ace, across.

transeo, transire, transii, transitus, cross over, go over.

afraid.

timidus,

across.

-um,

fearful,

timid,

transfero,

transferre,

translatus

cowardly.

transtuli,

(fero, carry),

timor, timoris, m., fear, cowardice,

over, transfer, remov3,

tintinnabulum,

se transferre, go over

Titus,
tolia,

-i,

m., a

tollere,

raise, lift

-i, .,

bell.

Roman praenomen.
sustuli,

sublatus,

to.

-avi,

-atus,

change, transform,

up; take, take away, trecenti,

-ae,

-a,

three

hun-

dred.

remove.

Tonans, Tonantis,

w., the

derer, Jupiter.

Thun- tredecim, thirteen.

tremibundus, -a, -um, trembling

tondeo, tondere, totondi, tonsus,

-iis, ;.,

thunder.

torreo, torrere, torrui, tostus, dry,

bake, roast.

with

fear,

tres, tria, three.

shave, shear.

tonitrus,

-are,

transfigur5,

carry

change

tribulo, -are, -avi, -atus, trouble,

harass.
tribiinal,

tribunalis,

.,

com-

VOCABULARY

I40
mander's

judgment

seat,

seat,

tribunus,

-i,

tributum,

an

m., a tribune,

Roman

cer in the

offi-

army.
of tri-

spear, trident.

triennium, trienni,

.,

a period of

-a,

-um,

trigemini,

vio-

/, tower.

-a,

-um

of tueor),

(part,

protected, safe, secure

tuus,

in

tii-

to safety.

-um, poss. pron.,

-a,

thy,

thine, your.

three years, three years.

triple

-um, confused,

tute, a strengthened form of tu.

tum,

days, three days.

trigeminus,

turris, turris,

tiitus,

a period of three

.,

-a,

Tusci, -orum, m., the Etruscans.

., tax.

tridens, tridentis, w., three-tined

-i,

turbidus,
lent.

(participle

-i

buo, assign),

triduum,

tunc, adv., then, at that time.

turba, -ae,/., throng, crowd.

tribunal.

threefold,

Typh5n, Typhonis,
(a

triplets.

Triton, Tritonis {ace, Tritona),

m., a giant

monster

fabled

with

hundred heads).

w., a sea god.

triumphus,

triumphal

m.,

-i,

procession

(an honor

allowed

Troia, -ae, /, Troy, the city of

Priam.

-um,

-a,

Troy;

as

suhst.,

and conj., where; when;

ubi primum, as soon

ubicumque,

victorious generals).

Troianus,

ubi, adv.

ubique, adv., everywhere,

-um, any, any one.

ulmus, -i,/, elm, elm tree,
Troiani, the ultimus, -a, -um, farthest, last,
Trojan,

iillus, -a,

of

ultra, prep, with ace, beyond.

Trojans.
trux, trucis, adj., fierce, savage,

umbra,

tu, tui, pers. pron., you.

umquam,

tuba, -ae,/, trumpet.

-i,

name.

7n.,

Hostilius,

third

king of Rome,

tum,
.

turn, not only

tumultus,
cry.

-lis,

at

any

time,

unda, -ae,/, wave, billow, water,

unde, adv., whence?
iindecim, eleven,

adv., then, at that

.

shadow, shade.

adv.,

iina, adv., together.

Roman

TuUus, a

Tullus

-a.^,/-,

ever.

tueor, tueri, tuitus, behold.

Tullus,

as.

adv., wherever,

time
.

cum

but also,

m., uproar,

out-

undique, ach., on

all

sides,

from

every quarter.
universitas, iiniversitatis, /, the

whole, the aggregate.

VOCABULARY
unus,

one, a single; alone,

-a, -urn,

urbs, urbis,/,

and
when

adv.

uti,

indie,

as,

or.

revenue,

;/.,

income.

with

carry,

with

subj.,

Veientes,

which

utnim,

utra,

draw;

conj. ;

(of

the

;;/.,

venatrix, venatricis,/, huntress.

vendere,

vendo,

two).

uterque, utraque, utrumque, each

ditus,

venio,

utilis, utile, useful, helpful, valu-

whether.

-i,

ven-

n., poison.

veni,

venire,

ventiirus,

come.
venor,

able.

vendidi,

sell.

venenum,

(of two), both.

uti, see ut.

conj.,

pass., ride.

Veientium,

Veientines, the people of Veii.

order that, so that.

that, in

utrum,

veh5, vehere, vexi, vectus, bear,

sume.

uter,

vectigal, vectigalis,

city.

uro, urere, ussi, ustus, burn, con-

-ve

-ve, conj. (enclitic), or.

-ve, either

only.

ut,

141

-atus, hunt,

-ari,

get

by

hunting.

uva, -ae,/, a bunch of grapes.

ventus,

uxor, uxoris,/, wife.

Venus, Veneris, /, goddess of

love
one of the planets.
venuste, adv., gracefully, charm-

m., wind.

-i,

vacuus,

-um,

-a,

empty,

unin-

habited.

ingly.

vado, vadere,

go hurriedly, ver, veris,

vae, inter].,

vagor,

n.,

the spring, spring-

time.

rush.

woe

verber, verberis,

-ari, -atus,

wander.

vale (imperative of valeo, be well),

farewell

good-by
be

well

good-by,

valide, adv., strongly, very much.

-a,

verbum,

-i,

-um, strong, powerful.

Vergiliae, -arum,/., the Pleiades.

Vergilius, Vergili,

size, vastness.

ius

Maro,

vi.,

Vergil, a

Publius Vergil-

famous

poet.

Veritas, veritatis, /, truth.

valles, vallis, /, valley.

vastitiido, vastitiidinis,

whip; blow,

a word.

n.,

gentile name.

farewell.

validus,

.,

whipping.

verecundia, -ae,/, respect, regard.

valeo, valere, valui, valiturus, be

strong,

lash,

/, huge

vero, conj., but.

vero, adv., in truth, in fact.

Roman

VOCABULARY

142

verruca, -ae, /, a high rough

hill,

vigilantia,

versus, prep, "with ace, toward, in

the direction

vigor,

villa, -ae,

verto, vertere, verti, versus, turn ;

vincio,

terga vertere,
-i, w.,

vera, true

-i, .,

entrance, fore-

villa.

vinctus,

quer, overcome.

vestigium, vestigi,

punish, avenge.
violo, -are, -avi, -atus, injure, violate.

court, vestibule.
n., sole

of the

track, footstep, trace,

vir, viri, w.,

man, husband; hero.

virga, -ae, /, a rod.

virgo, virginis,/, maiden, virgin;

mark.
vestis, vestis, /, garment, cloth-

Virgo

(a

constellation)

vir-

gines Vestales, the Vestal Vir-

ing.

vetus, veteris, adj., old, ancient;

former; of long standing; comp.,

vetustior; super!., veterrimus.

vetustas, vetustatis, /, age, old

gins, priestesses of Vesta.

virgula, -ae (dim. of virga, rod),

f.,

a small rod.
viride,

viridis,

fresh,

blooming,

green.

age.
-ae, /.,

way, road,

route;

vicinus, -a, -um, near, neighboring,

adjoining.

victoria, -ae,/, victory, triumph.

;

food, suste-

video, videre, vidi, visus, see, bepass., seem,

appear good.

vigilans, vigilantis, adj., wakeful,

vigilant, watchful.

/,

virtiitis,

manliness,

courage.

/,

strength

vim,

vi, vires,

force,

might

virium,

power,

large number, quan-

tity.

vita, -ae,

vitium,

nance.

vis,

etc.,

victor, victoris, m., victor.

Victus, -us, m., living

virtus,
virtue

journey.

hold

vinxi,

vindico, -are, -avi, -atus, claim

vester, vestra, vestrum, your.

via,

/, country house,

vincire,

vinco, vincere, vici, victus, con-

things, facts.

foot, sole;

freshness,

bind, fasten.

flee.

truth.

verus, -a, -um, true;

vestibulum,

m.,

vigoris,

strength, vigor.

of.

versus, -us, m., a verse, poetry.

verum,

/, watchfulness,

-ae,

care.

a height.

/,

life.

viti, .,

weakness,

fault,

vice.

vito, -are, -avi, -atus, avoid, shun.

vivax, vivacis,

adj., lively, quick.

vivo, vivere, vixi, victurus,

live.

VOCABULARY
vix,

a</v.,

barely, scarcely, hardly.

voc5, -are, -avi, -atus,

volo, -are, -avi, -atus,

volo,

velle,

desire

volui,

call,

name.

wish,

injure.

volucris, volucris, /, flying crea-

-a,

-um, voluntary.

voluntas, voluntatis, /,

wound.
of vulpes,

little fox.

vulpes, vulpis,/,
vultus,

ture, bird.

;/.,

vulpecula, -ae (dim.

fox),/,

be willing.

voluntarius,

vulnerd, -are, -avi, -atus, wound,

vulnus, vulneris,

tly.

43

-lis, fu.,

fox.

face,

countenance

expression.

desire,

Xerxes,

wish.

volvo, volvere, volvi, voliitus,

roll.

-is,

m., Xerxes, king of

Persia.

voveo, vovere, vovi, votus, vow,

Zephyrus,

promise.

vox, vocis, /, voice

word.

-i,

m.,

breeze, zephyr.

gentle

wind,

<

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