é Dynamic Fundamentals Tutorial ‘This tutorial introduces you to the fundamental concepts and procedures requited to Dulld a simulation case using HYSYS.Plant Dynamics. Its detailed instructions guide you through the steps of building a basic dynamic case, to creating amore complexrating mode! of the simulation. As you build the lowsheet, you will learn a systematic method of setting up a dynamic simulation case. This tutorial demonstrates how the equipment and pressure-flow specifications should be set, As you work through this tutorial, you will gain a solid understanding of the workings of HYSYS.Plant Dynamics. You can then apply this knowledge towards creating your own dynamic simulation cases, ‘Note that this tutorial assumes that you have previous experience using HYSYS. If you are new to HYSYS, itis strongly recommended that you start with one of the Steady State tutorials to familiarize yourself with the program, ‘This tutorial demonstrates the modelling of a distillation tower using two very different levels of detail. The design dynamics section will, show how to prepare a simplified column model. The simplified mode! consists of atray section and single unit operations representing the condenser and the reboiler. In the rating dynamies section, the single tunit operation condenser will be replaced by an overhead system ‘consisting of valves, a heat exchanger, a vapour bypass stream, an ‘accumulator, a pump and appropriate PID controllers, ‘The DeButanizer column setup in this tutorial presents a general procedure for simulating towers and can be adapted to model other {types and configurations of columns using HYSYS. Plane Dynamics. The 2aDynamic Fundamentals Tutorial detailed procedure for the column setup is given, but the dynamic not illustrated. With so many possible ways to manipulate the flawsheet, itis left as an open exercise for you to set up variables in the Databook, make changes to key variables and observe the dynamic behaviour ofthe model. The tutorial is designed such that at the end of both the Design and Rating sections, the process variables will line out ina minimal amount of ime and the flowsheet will be ready for ent Control | cena & = Butane Reb c cstPay Creating a New Unit Set The first step in building the simulation case is choosing a unit set. HYSYS will not allow you to change any of the three default unit sets listed. However, you can create a new unit set by cloning an existing ‘one, For this example, you should make a new unit set based on the HYSYS Field set, then customize the new set: 1, Select Preferences from the Tools menu bar. The Session, Preferences view should appear. Select the Units page of the Variables tab. Clickon the Field in the Available Unit Sets lis to ensue itis the active set Sion nan 7575 4. Using the vertical scroll bar, scroll down the units matrix unti Liq, Vol. Flow is visible in the left column of the matrix, Notice the default unit for Lig Vol. Elow isin barrel/day. A more ‘appropriate unit for this example is fe3/hr. 5. Press the Clone button. A new unit set named NewUser will appear and become automatically highlighted, making it the Current Unit Set. Ifyou wish, you can enter a new name in the Unit Set Name cell. You can now change the units for any variable associated with this new unit set 6. Move tothe Lig. Vol. Flow cell by clicking on barrel/day, 2aLe ns | [Notice that all commands ‘accessed nthe Button Bar arealso available as Menu. o New Case Button 24 7. Open the drop-down lst of available units in the Edlit Bar by clicking on ~', or by pressing the F2 key then the + key. 8. Click on f13/hr, or scroll down to itby pressing the ¢ key then press ENTER. Your new unit set is now defined, Press the Clase button to begin the simulation, Beginning the Simulation 9, Start a new case by pressing the New Case button, 10. Create a fluid package using the following property package and. components: oe eng Robinson Propane, Butane, n-Butane, sabutane, -Pentane nPentana, 11, Enter the Simulation Environment.12, Create the two feed streams in the Workbook using the Material Streams and Compos tions tabs: Ss Em Temperature Fl 00 | MO Pressure ea Pa 0 tars Flow i] ‘2000 | soe0 ase Fraction propane] | aa? [ozo ass Fraction (routane) | 0170 0.90 ass Fraction butane] [6170 [0200] ass Fraction rbutee] | 00080728 tiassFrastion pentane] | 0140078 Wass Fraction inpenianel | 0140 [00 Hass Fraction nora 0 emo Wass Fraction eran 2 e000 Mass Fraction fwostane] | 0720 | 0.000 13, Add a DISTILLATION COLUMN to the case. Provide the following Design [Monitor] Valve ibmoteir] information: Input Ar co ‘Colum Name" DeButanizer Number of Stages 5 Food Steam (Feed Stage) | Food 2] Food Steam (Feed Stage) | Fead 1 (8) Gondonser Type arial (vnd Vapour uit Vent Conta Design (Connections) | Ovid Lieu Outet Butanas Bottoms Liquid Outst__| C5 Reboiler Energy Stream | Rab @ Gondenser Energy Steam | Cond ‘Condenser Pressure osial | 205 Condenser Bela P lest | 3 Rovoiler Pressure psia] | 215 ‘Ovhd Vap Rate Specifed | 0 14, On the Specs page of the DeButanizer property view, add a ‘Column Component Fraction specification and a Colum Component Recovery specification. The completed views for the specifications are shown in Figure 2.5: 25EEE 26 BI ‘Dynamic Mede Button (CoRE Nae seesane RSS) coe Sp CATER | Akt eae eal Bae 15, On the Monitor page of the Debutanizer property view, deactivate the Active check box for both the Reflux Ratio and Distillate Rate specifications. 16. Activate the Active check box for both new specifications, C5s in ‘Top and Butane Recovery. ‘The column will begin solving. 17. Tighten the purities on the tower by changing the specified values of C5siin Top and Butane Recovery to 0.018 and 0.951 respectively, ‘The tower is producing a higher purity product, but the trade-offs Jncteased operating costs arising from higher condenser and reboiler duties. 18, Close the DeButanizer column property view. 19, Save the case as DFTULSS.hse. Open the File menu and select Save As. Type in the file name as DFTUSS.hse and click the Save button, Dynamic Specifications 20. Switch to Dynamic mode. When asked if ou want to resolve the items identified by the dynamics assistant , click the No button,Ei Fundamentals Tutorial ‘To summarize the pressure-flovr specifications for this case, one pressure-flaw specification will be set around the condenser and one willbe set on each of the flowsheet boundary streams: + Food 1 A condonser fora refluxed + Feed2 ‘ower increases the foushet + Vent Cont degrees of feedorn by one and ven come thts, requires an addtional + Butanes presure flow speleation. + 05+ In addition, the condenser, reboiler and tray section will be sized, using the steady state flows for the design, Condenser Specification For the flowsheet created in this example, the liquid product stream, {from the condenser, Butanes, isa flowsheet boundary stream and will have a flowrate specification. With this in mind, one other condenser specification will define the pressure-flow relationship within the condenser. You have two options for this specification: + Flow of the stream Reflux + Reflux Rate as a ratio of total liquid from the unit For this case, the reflux rate asa ratio of total liquid will be specified 21. Open the Object Navigator by pressing F3. 22. ‘Select tne UnitOps radio button in the Filter group. 23, Select DeButanizer in he Flowsheets group and Condenser in the Unit Operations group.ERE eee 28 24, Press the View button 25, On the Condenser property view, select the Dynamies tab, and then the Specs page. Since the steady state reflux ratio was approximately 45, the rate of Reflux was 45 times the rate of Butanes. There was no overhead vapour 0 the refluxatio compares only the two liquid streams. By dividing 4.5/5.5, the reflucrate as a ratio of total liquid flow is obtained. 26, Inthe Dynamic Specification group box, activate the check box for the Reflux Flow/Total Liq Flow specification and input a value of 0.22. Sizing the Condenser Using the flows that were calculated in steady state as a design bess, the condenser will now be sized. 27. Select the Worksheet tab and Conditions page on the Condenser property view and make a note ofthe liquid volume flow of the stream To Condenser, For a quick sizing calculation, use a flow of 1750 f3/hr, a 20 minute residence time and a liquid operating level of 50%, thr Drain fs x20minx Le = 1167/8 iso 20minx fe = 1167/03 26. Select the Specs page of the Dynamics tab in the Condenser property view. 29. Delete the value in the Volume field. 30. Inputa Diameter of 10 ft and a Length of 15 ft to obtain a vessel volume that approaches 1180 f3a oe as a eel ee i Re | eons eae ees ices ao eee ae stSCotortanlCaett| Fite pet ane 7 een 7 Boa mane a Condenser Utility Valve 31, Select the Duty page on the Dynamics tab ofthe Condenser property view. 32. Press the Initialize Duty Valve button, This initialization provides a UA value, a flow range for the wility utd and an inlet temperature for the Quid according to the current flow of material into the condenser, 33. Close the Condenser property view. Boundary Stream Specifications For the stream Feed 1, set a dynamic flow specification on a volume basis as follows: 34, Open the property view for Feed 1 by double clicking on the Feed 1 cell in the Workbook 35, Select the Dynamics tab, 2936. Deactivate the Pressure specification, 37, Change the Flow specification basis to Ideal Lig Vol, by selecting the corresponding radio button. To do this, you may have to deactivate this specification, select the radio button, and then reactivate the specification, ‘The Dynamics tab should appear as in Figure 2.8 E er Fite eee “ES atest ome ats ERS ES ace | _teromntien_| CELE] —__——_J 38. Close the stream property view, 39. Repeat steps #34 to #38 for Feed 2, Now you can seta volume basis dynamic flow specification on stream Butanes. Proceed through the following steps: 40. Open the property view for stream Butanes. 41. Choose the Dynamies tab. Since the pressure and flow ofstream Butanes were not specified in steady state, neither is used asan active pressure-flow specification, 42, Activate the Flow specification and select Ideall.iqVol as the Now basis, ‘The Dynamics tab should appear as shown in Figure 2.9:Dynamic Fundamentals Tutorial rr al Dpenie | Orme eat ae so eS some wees ieee) eateee|e lor] 43. Close the stream property view. 44, Repeat steps #40 and #43 for the stream C5s, ‘The last pressure-flow specification will be a dynamic pressure specification on the stream Vent Control 45. Open the property view for the stream Vent Control, 46. Select the Dynamies tab, 47, Activate the Pressure specification, fou open the Workbook to the Material Streams tab, you will ntice that the only pressure and flow values that are shown in blue are the ‘ones that were just selected as dynamic specifications, 48, Close the stream property view, Reboiler Specifica Using the flows that were calculated in steady state as a design basis, the reboiler will now be sized. 49. Press F3 to open the Object Navigator. 50. In the Flowsheets group, select DeButanizer,51. In the Unit Operations group, choose Reboiler. 52. Press the View button, 53. Select the Worksheet tab, Conditions page on the Reboiler property view and make a note of the liquid volume flow of the stream To Reboiler, For a quick sizing calculation, use a flow of 1800 fe3/hs, a 10 minute residence time and a liquid operating level of 50% Lie Ba» lmin x 3 3 00! = ann 94, On she Dyoamicsah Spee page othe Reboler pop ie Gdsethe vein tn lune et $8. Input aDiameterof@rand Length 12 Thi wl ene sou toobiina volume eapninatl 60 58. Abotot nt be edo te Mooi sure hat Hovootalelindr ede fate Level Celt Cabarete SE cs [eeab rect (aneal Rie Gee i alten Eres) Omomien TO es 57. Close the reboiler property view.Note that the Valve has been selected as the default tray pe. Ema al ar) Test the Model ‘At this point, the condenser and reboller have both been sized and ‘enough pressure-flow specifications have been set ta reduce the degrees of freedom to zero. You can confirm that all the necessary pressure flow specifications have been added using the Equation Summary View view 58. Select the Equation Summary View from the Simulation drop down menu, 59. On the Summary page, press the Full Analysis button to confirm that the case is properly defined for dynamic simulation, 60. Close the Equation Summary View view, Tray Section For the sizing ofthe tray section, a quick Auto-Section will be performed using the Tray Sizing utility: HYSYS will determine a tray diameter based on Glitsch design parameters for valve trays. Using the Tray Sizing Utility 61, Use the hotkey combination crat u to open the Utilities view, 62. Select Tray Sizing from the list of utilities and press the Add Utility bution, 68. On the Tray Sizing property view, press the Select TS button to attach the DeButanizer tray section 664, Select DeButanizer from the Flowsheet group and Main TS frorn the Object group on the Select Tray Section dialog. 65, Press the OK button, 66. Press the Auto Section button on the Tray Sizing property view. For this tray sizing analysis ll HYSYS defaults will be used. This will provide a good inital estimate of the tray diameter required for the DeButanizer tower. 67, Press the Next button on the Auto Section Information view. You can review the default design parameters on the Tray Section Information view. 68. Since all default design parameters wil be used for this analysis, press the Camplete AutoSection button. 24324 ‘Dynamic Fundamental 69, On the Results page of the Performance tab, you will notice the Section Pressure Drop that HYSYS has calculated, This value is less than the original pressure profile input for the tower DeButanizer. You will modify this later. 70, Inthe same table, notice that HYSYS has calculated a section diameter of 4.5 feet. 71. Close the Tray Sizing utility view flrst and then the Available ual Modifying the Tray Section Parameters 72. Press ¥3 10 open the Object Navigator, 73, Inthe Flowsheets group, select DeButanizer, 74, In the Unit Operations group, choose Main TS 7. Clickon the View button.e PID Gonerotier ston rr 76. On the Main TS property view, select the Rating tab, Sizing page. 77. Supply a tray Diameter of 4.5 feet in the Tray Dimensions group, 78. Close the Main TS tray section view. ‘The pressure profile ofthe tray section will be modified to match more closely the results obtained from the tray sizing utility. 79. Open the DeButanizer column property view and select the Profiles page of the Parameters tab. 80. Change the pressure in the Reboiler to 211 psia ‘81. Change the pressure of 15 Main TS (tray 15) to 209 psia 82. Close the column property view, Setting up the Controllers Controllers will be added to the flowsheet to control the levels in the condenser and reboiler. Although these controllers are not required 10 run in Dynamic mode, they will Increase the realism and provide more model stability 83. Make sure that you are in the Parent Environment, 84. Adda PID CONTROLLER which will serve as the condenser level controller and specify the following details: Name Cond tc Connections racoss Varabie | Condenser@COL? Source Liga Percent Level Output Target Obed | Butanes@COLt tion Diet Ke z Parameters (Configuration) | B minutes PY Minimum % PY Maximars 100% 85. Press the Controt Valve button on the Cond LC property view, 2467 Pao cen @ PID Controter Bution 186. In the Valve Sizing group on the FCV for Butanes@COL1 view, specify the following Flow Type, LiavorFion [atin Flow naire Sd Max Flow 0 Rae &7. Close the RO for Patan ve. a8, Pre Face Plt ston 99, Change cntoer mode Auton he ce plate 90. Input sexpointofs0n —— sauces rae [r=] yl jst ed ndesior | Ooubi cickin the PV el and OR ypeinthe sprite vl, 81. Add a PID CONTROLLER which will serve as the reboier level controller and specify the following details; Eo fore oa Name RebLc ‘Process Varabie | Rebaler@COL- cee Sours | Uiguia Porcent Level (Ouiput Target Object | C+@SOLT ‘Aston Dirt Ke z Parameters (Configuration) | Ti ‘mines BY fim 0% BV Waximorn 100% 92. Press the Control Valve button an the Reb LC property view.| ovnemic Fundamentals Tutorial 247 98, In the Valve Sizing group on the FCV for C5+@COLI view, specify the following: Flow Type LigvalFiow Hin Flow Ona Max Flow 760 8S 94, Close the FCV for C5+ view. 95. Press the Face Plate button. 96, Change the controller mode to Auto on the face plate. 97. Inputa set point of 50%. ‘You may have tore initialize both controllers by switching the modes to ‘Manual and then back to Automatic. 98, Save the case as DFTUtL.hse This case willbe used asthe starting point forthe rating dynamics, section, Monitoring in Dynamics [Now thar the model is ready to run in Dynamic mode, a strip chart can bbe created to monitor the general trends of key variables, 99, Open the Databook by using the hotkey combination Grab, 100,On the Variables tab, press the Insert button. 101. Add all ofthe variables that you would like to monitor. Alist of suggested variables is given below: Variables To Manipulato Sr Prossuro of Vent Control (Condenser Liquid Percent Level, guid Volume Flowate of Feed 1 | Reboller Liguid Percont Level Tiguid Volume Flowate of Feed? | Liquid Volume Flowrate of Butanes SP for Cond LC andlor Reb LC Tiga Volume Flowrate of C5 102. Afterall variables have been added, close the Variable Navigator, 103. Select the Strip Charts tab from the Databook view. 104, Press the Add button.2| Stayt Integrator Button (green) o ‘Stop integrator Buon (red) “These roa buttons are side by side on the button bar The ‘Stare Integrator bution ison the leftand the Stop Integrator button son the right, Seo 108. Check the Active checkbox for each of the variables that you would like to monitor. 106. If required, add more strip charts. 107. Change the configuration of each strip chart by pressing the Setup Dutton, 108.On the Strip Charts tab in the Databook, highlight the data logger and press the Strip Chart button to display each data logger, 109,Close the DataBook view, 110. Start che integrator and allow the varlables to line out and then stop the integrator 111 Ifyou have performed an analysis or manipulation, save your case as DETut2.hsc and close it. Rating Dynamics For the rating dynamics section, the condenser unit operation will be replaced by an overhead system consisting of various pieces of equipment 218 112, Open the case DFTut1 hse.a PPD Button St ‘This case was saved ata point prior to any extensive design dynamics Integration, Deleting the Condenser Before the condenser is deleted in the column environment, its associated product streams and energy stream will be removed in the Main Simulation Environment. 113.1f the pf is not already displayed, press the PED button in the ‘button bar. 114, Use the multiple selection functionality to highlight the streams Vent Control, Cond Q and Butanes and the controller Cond LC. Place the mouse pointer on the PFD background. Click and hold down the primary mouse button while dragging the pointer to make a box around the objects you want to select, Gm DeButanizor 115. Press the guste key. Press the OK button when asked for confirmation of deletion of all Four objects. Press the Yes button for each subsequent object deletion confirmation, Now enter the column environment: 116.Press F3 to open the Object Navigator. 249Tuquickty rearrange he PFD, select Auto Position all undor PED in the menubar Object aspect by selecting she object and then clicking the secondary mouse button, to 117. Select DeButanizer In the Flowsheets group. 118. Press the Build bution to enter the Column Sub-Flowsheet ‘environment. 119. 1f the pfd is not already displayed, press the PED button on the ‘button bar. 120. Create a new stream and give it the same properties as the To Condenser stream. This may be done by clicking the Define from Other Stream button. Click OK on the Spec Stream As view. 121. Repeat step # 120 for the Reflux stream. 122. Object inspect the condenser and select Delete from the object inspection menu, soa career . ie oe ¥ feat esten 123. Confirm that you want to delete the Condenser by pressing the Yes button, 124. Transfer the information back from streams 1 and 2to the To Condenser and Reflux streams respectively by using the Define from Other Stream button, 125. Delete streams 1 and 2.The Modified HYSIM Inside (ut metiod i used to allow ‘you fo add the MIXER, PUMP, “Tee, and VALVE wait ‘operations tothe Colkamn Sub-Flowsheet Per Adding the Overhead System Ttis Fecommended that you periodically save your case as equipment is added to the flowsheet Using different case names will provide snapshots at various stages of building the case. Adjusting the Pressure-Flow Specs [tis important to keep track of the pressure-flow specifications for the flowsheet. If specifications are eliminated by deleting streams, an equivalent number of specifications must be added to keep the degrees of freedom at zero. Also, as equipment is aced to the flowsheet, the pressure-flow specifications will be correspondingly moved to the boundary streams, Since product streams and the condenser have been deleted, the flowsheet boundary streams have changed and thus, the pressure-flow specifications must be moved. In this case, two streams that had pressure-flow specifications were deleted so itis only a matter of adding specifications tothe lowsheet. 126, Open the property view for the Reflux stream, 127, Select the Dynamies tab, Specs page. 128. De-activate the Pressure and Flow specifications. 128. Select the Ideal Liq Vol radio button. 130. Activate the Flow specification, 131. Close the Reflux property view, 132. Open the property view for the stream To Condenser, 133. Select the Dynamics tab, Spees page. 134, Check that the Flow specification is not active, 135. Activate the Pressure specification, 136.Close the To Condenser view. Changing the Column Solving Method Since equipment will be added to the column in the sub-flowsheet environment, the Solving Method of the column should be changed, 137, Open the Object Navigator by pressing F3. 221EEE ee ee 222 138. With the Unie Ops radio button selected in the Filter group, choose Case in the Flowsheets group and DeBuutanizer in the Unit Operations group, 139, Press the View button, 140.Go to the Parameters tab, Solver page, on the DeButanizer property view. 141.In the Solving Method group, select Modified HYSIM Inside-Out, which allows various pieces of equipment to be added to the sub- Alowsheet. 142, Close the DeButanizer property view. Adding a Splitter ATEE operation will be added to the flowsheet to separate the overhead vapour into a vapour bypass stream and an overhead stream which will be condensed.COMA Adding the Operation 143, Add a TEE operation, which will separate the column overhead into two product streams: a bypass vapour stream and a stream that will be condensed. Provide the following information: men) a Eo Name Spiller Design [Fea | Tocondenser [Connections] Produits Bypass to Vale one Bynanice Spec) | Eee sBlBaSGmaMe | eche Moving the P-F Specs ‘With the addition ofthe Spliter, the pressure-flow specifications must be adjusted. 144, Open the property view for the stream To Condenser, 145.On the Spees page of the Dynamics tab, de-activate the Pressure specification. 146, Close the To Condenser view. 147, Open the Bypass to Valve property view. 148, On the Dynamics tab, Specs page, make sure the pressure specification Is deactivated and the Flow specification is activated. Ensure that the Molar flow radio buttons has been selected. 149. On the Worksheet tab, Conditions page, supply a Molar Flow of 50, Tbmole/hr. 150. Close the Bypass to Valve view. 151, Open the Ovhd property view. 152, On the Dynamics tab, Spees page, ensure that the Flow specitication is inactive and that che Pressure specification is active, 153. Close the Ovhd view. 154, Start the integrator fora few minutes of integration to propagate the values to the boundary streams. IFasked to resolve the items identified by the dynamics assistant , click the No button, 155.Stop the integrator, 2232.26 pa VALVE Bucton Since the length of time chat ‘the integrators lft eo ruin stop #135 will wary, the vale ‘of Co may not be exactly as, shown in Figure 2.19, bur nonetheless ir should be close Adding Two Valves 156. One VALVE operation will be added to each of the streams exiting the Splitter. ieee Adalng the Operations 157.Add a VALVE and supply the following information: ao) carrey Et Name Bypass Vane Design (Connections) | Feed Bypass 10 Vale Precuet ‘Vapour Bypass Rene Total Dela P “Ralvate chock Box yramies Specs] Total Dota F 5 psi 158. Switch to the Rating tab, Sizing page. 159, Press the Size Valve button. 160. Return to the Dynamics tab, Spees page and de-activate the Total Delta P check boxin the Dynamic Specifications group. ‘The Total Delta P check box was used to initialize a pressure drop for the valve. This pressure drop, along with the flaw rate through the equipment was then used by FYSYS to calculatea value of Cu Since the valve behaviour will be defined using a pressure-flow relationship, the ‘Total Delta P specification was no longer required, ‘The Specs page on the Dynamics tab should appear as shown in Figure 29. 161. Close the valve property view.ee aes = = : a = oo TETED my ————— ee Fre 162, Add another VALVE and supply the following information: Name Ovni Valve Design (Connections) | Food Ovne Product Te Exsnanger ola Delia P ‘Aaivate check bax Dynamics (Specs namics [Specs] Tomar DotaP Spa 168. Switch to the Rating tab, Sizing page. 164. Press the Size Valve button. 165. Return to the Dynamics tab, Spees page and de-activate the Total Delta P check box in the Dynamic Specifications group. 166. Close the valve property view, 167. Start the integrator for 10 seconds to propagate values to the new streams. Ifasked to resolve the items identified by the dynamics assistant, click the No button, 160. Stop the integrator. ‘Moving the P-F Specs With the addition of the two valves, the pressure-flow specifications will ‘be moved to the flowsheet boundary streams. 169. Open the property view for the stream Bypass to Valve. 225226 170.0n the Dynamies tab, Specs page, de-activate the Flow specification, 171, Close the Bypass to Valve view. 172, Open the property view for the stream Ovhd, 173.On the Dynamics tab, Spees page, de-activate the Pressure specification. 174, Close the Ovhd view. 175. Open the Vapour Bypass property view. 176.On the Dynamics tab, Specs page, activate the Pressure specification. 177. Close the Vapour Bypass view. You may have noticed that a lowrate specification was belng used on the steam Bypass to Valve and a pressure specification is now used for the stream Vapour Bypass, This will not have a significant effect on the flow through the Bypass Valve, The Bypass Valve was sized using the ormerly specified flow and a set pressure drop ofS psi, s0 using the newly calculated outlet pressure asa specification will keep the flowrate through the valve close to its former value. In general, when a lowsheet boundary stream is directly attached to a piece of equipment that uses Cy or conductance ‘to determine its pressure-flow relationship, use pressure instead of flow as the specification on the boundary stream, HYSYS.Plant will use the equipment conductance or Cv value ‘combined with the pressures of the inlet and outlet streams to determine a flow though the equipment, 178. Open the To Exchanger property view. 179. On the Dynamics tab, Specs page, activate the Pressure specification, 180. Close the To Exchanger view. 181. Save the case as DFTUt3.hse. Attaching the Condenser ATIEATEXCHANGER operation will be used to model the condenser. A propane refrigerant stream will be created and will be used as the shell side coolant,le Fundamentals Tutor oa fee ‘Adding the Propane Stream 162. In the Workbook, ereate @ new material stream named Propane In. 183. Open the property view for Propane In, Since the model is in Dynamic mode, the stream is initialized by HYSYS. The temperature, pressure and flowrate are speciflable and are shown in blue. For the Propane In stream, the parameters to be input for defining the stream include the vapour fraction, pressure and flowrate. To change the flash specifications, follow these steps: 104, On the Worksheet tab, Composition page, specify a propane mass fraction of 1.0, 185. On the Worksheet tab, Cons specification, 186. Enter the following: ions page, delete the temperature VapourlPhase Fraction | 0.0000 Pressure 180 psia Molar Flow 2200 meter Worksheet {Conditions} ‘The Conditions page for Propane In should appear as shown: 187. Close the stream property view. Adding a Valve A pressure-flow relationship will be applied to the propane refrigerant stream by adding a VALVE unit operation to the coolant stream,228 Ast "a Centered Cae 188, Add a VALVE to the flowsheet and provide the following information: Eo fa oo Nome Propene Valve Design {Connections} | Feed Propanein Product Shellin Rating Dota Spe {Sizingldynamiesy HYSYS provides a sizing low rate, which isthe mass flow through the because a pressure valve. The sizing pressure drop does not appear drop has not been set for the unit 189. Input a Sizing Delta P of 15 psi. 190. Press the Size Valve button.5»/ Sian Ye 181. Close the valve property view. Adding the Condenser 192, Add a HEAT EXCHANGER unit operation, est are 193. Complete the property view with the devalls given in the following table a) ed Entry Name Consonsor Tube Sie ret Te Exchanger Design [Connections] | Tube Side Outet Te Resumultor Shel Sie it Shelia Shel Side Outet Propane Out : Tubo Sido Datla | 0.65 pat Rating [Sizing] Shell Se Deta® | O45 pa Ua TLBEVOS BUF Tod Base Dynamics Medel) | Tube value One Shall volume [sane | 194. Close the heat exchanger property view. 2.28Send Moving the P-F Specs With the addition ofthe valve and heat exchanger, the pressure-flow specifications will he moved ta the flawsheet houndaty streams. Also, the heat exchanger will use conductance values instead of fixed pressure drops, 195. Start the integrator for afew integration minutes to propagate {information to the new streams. Ifasked to resolve the items identified by the dynamics assistant, click the No button 196, Stop the integrator: or the streams: 197. Open the property view for the strearn To Exchanger, 198. On the Dynamics tab, Specs tab, de-activate the Pressure specification, 199, Close the To Exchanger view. 200, Open the property view for the stream To Accumulator, 201. On the Dynamics tab, Spees page, activate the Pressure specification. 202. Close the To Accumulator view, 203. Open the property view for Propane In. 204. On the Dynamics tab, spees page, de-activate the Flow specification and ensure that the Pressure specification is ‘activated 205. lose the Propane In view. 206. Open the property view for Propane Out. 207.0n the Dynamics tab, Specs page, activate the Pressure specification, 208, Close the Propane Out view. ‘The refrigerant stream is passing through a valve, which is using a Cv for its pressure-flow relationship, and the shell side of a heat exchanger, ‘which will be using a conductance for its pressure-flow relationship. ‘Therefore, the boundary streams ofthe refrigerant (propane) process both use pressure specifications, which allows HYSYS.Plant to determine the flow through the equipment. Por the Condenser: 209, Open the property view for the Condenser. 230‘Stream properties can be sean hyplacing the eurzorover the stream icon the PED, a] 210. On the Dynamics tab, Specs page, press the Caleulate k button, ‘The conductance values for both the Shell Side and Tuibe Side are calculated according to the specified pressure drops and flowrates through the specific sides of the exchanger. 211. For both the Shell Side and Tube Side, de-activate the Delta P ‘check box and activate the k check box. 212, Start the integrator for a few integration minutes and observe the pressures and flowrates of Propane Out, To Accumulator and Vapour Bypass. If asked to resolve the items identified by the dynamics assistant , click the No button, 213. top the integrator. 214. Save the caseas DFTut4.hse. Adding the Accumulator ASEPARATOR unit operation will he used as the overhead accumulator. Both the vapour bypass stream and the cooled overhead stream will be used as feeds to the unit. Since one feed is vapour and the other is liquid, non-equilibrium phase behaviour will be taken into, account by lowering the vapour phase efficiencies of the separator. ‘When the two feeds enter, the liquid will immediately fall and the ‘vapour will rise, so the lowered efficiencies will incorporate these mass transfer effects into the calculations. The size of the accumulator will be the same as that ofthe condenserin the design dynamics section, mere 231