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A chromophore is the part of a molecule responsible for its color. The color
arises when a molecule absorbs certain wavelengths of visible light and transmits or
reflects others. The chromophore is a region in the molecule where the energy difference
between two different molecular orbitals falls within the range of the visible spectrum.
Visible light that hits the chromophore can thus be absorbed by exciting an electron from
its ground state into an excited state. By the nature of their chromophore, dyes are
divided into:
1.
conjugated chromophore
(Acridine yellw)
N,N,N',N'-Tetramethylacridine-3,6-diamine
2.
(Acridine orange)
2,7-Dimethylacridine-3,6-diamine
Auramine O
(bis[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]methaniminium chloride)
3.
b.
Crystal Violet
4-[(4-dimethylaminophenyl)phenyl-methyl]-N,N-dimethyl-aniline
hydrochloride
Fuchsine
4-[(4-Aminophenyl)-(4-imino-1-cyclohexa2,5-dienylidene)methyl]aniline
Malachite green
4-[(4-dimethylaminophenyl)phenyl-methyl]-N,N-dimethylaniline
4.
Bismarck brown
Methyl Red
Congo red
Methyl orange
5.
6.
7.
Nitro dyes: These are the based on a -NO2 nitro functional group
8.
Nitroso dyes: These are the based on a -N=O nitroso functional group
9.
10.
Azin dyes
i.
Eurhodin dyes
ii.
b.
Indamins
c.
d.
e.
f.
11.
12.
b.
Pyronin dyes