Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
Air Conditioning
Rajesh Gupta
Prof. Elec.
AirConditioning
Introduction
What you will know at the end of
session?
1. Organizational Set up & a bit of
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
history
Basic concepts in Air-conditioning.
Capacity and Settings of AC coaches
System of Generation
Generation in EOG coaches
How AC works in AC coach
Development of RMPU
LHB coaches & Double Decker AC
train
Take tour of LHB coach
Introduction
Organization
RB
HQ
Sr.DEE/
Chg
DEE/A
EE
CTA
SSE
Contr
ol
Introduction
A view at Coaching
depot
Introduction
A view at Coaching
depot
Introduction
A view at Coaching
depot
Sick line of
depot
Introduction
HISTORY OF
OF AC
AC
HISTORY
COACHES
COACHES
Air-Conditioning
History of AC
coaches
Air-Conditioning
History of AC
coaches
The Frontier Mail
was one of the first
trains in India to
get an air
conditioned car.
The AC car started
running from
1934.
Air-Conditioning
More on history of AC
coaches
The North-Western Railway introduced airconditioned stock in the late 1930's (the earliest
was probably the Frontier Mail in 1936 or 1937).
In 1952-53 there were air-conditioned services
between Bombay and Howrah, Delhi and Madras
(Grand Trunk Exp.), Bombay and Delhi, BombayAmritsar (Frontier Mail), Bombay-Viramgam
(Saurashtra Mail), and Bombay-Ahmedabad
(Gujarat Mail).
These all used AC units that were mounted
beneath the coach body (underslung),
interconnected by pipes.
Air-Conditioning
More on history of AC
coaches
Air-Conditioning
BASIC
BASIC
AIRCONDITIONING
AIRCONDITIONING
Concept of
of Human
Human
Concept
Comfort
Comfort
Air-Conditioing
Difference between Air
Conditioning & Refrigeration
Factors of Comfort
Temperatur
e
Humidity
Air Flow
Noise
Purity of
Air
Air-Conditioning
Air-conditioning comfort
factors
Factors deciding comfort level
temperature
humidity
draft (velocity of air)
purity of air
Noise
Humidity ratio of the moisture
contained in a given quantity to the
quantity of moisture required to saturate
that quantity at a particular temp. It is
termed as Relative Humidity (RH).
Air-Conditioning
Unit of
Refrigeration
Unit of Refrigeration in ton (TR)
It refers to the latent heat required to
melt a ton of ice at 32 degree F in 24
hours
1 ton = 2000 lbs
Latent heat of Water to freeze -144
BTU/Lb
1 TR = 2000X144
=12000 BTU/Hr
24
= 3000 k Cal/Hr
Air-Conditioning
1TR of Refrigeration capacity?
1 TR Can Cater to Approx.
100 SQFT. (Area)
Air-Conditioning
Relative
Humidity
Air has capacity to trap moisture. Its
capacity to trap moisture varies
with temperature.
Temperature 1 Cuf of air
70 deg.F 4 grains
80 deg.F 11 grains
90 deg.F 19 grains
1 kg of water = 15400 grains of
Air-Conditioning
Method to control RH
Outside ambient air (say 100
deg. F with 95% RH) is sent
over the evaporator at 40
deg. F, moisture is condensed.
When this air goes inside the
AC compartment it rises to 70
deg. F and as there is now
less moisture, the RH
becomes 50 % inside.
Air-Conditioning
Refrigera
nt
Air-Conditioning
CAPACITY
AND
SETTINGS
OF
CAPACITY AND SETTINGS OF
AC COACHES
COACHES
AC
Air-Conditioning
Capacity of AC
Coaches
As per heat load calculation, Load
and
Plant capacity of various Coaches
LOAD
AC II tier
8 TR
TR
AC Ist
5.3 TR
TR
AC Chair Car/III tier
CAPACITY
2 Plants x 5.3
1 Plant x 6.7
2 Plants x 6.7
Air-Conditioning
Other settings in AC
Coach
Fresh air requirement
Smoking not permitted 0.35 meter
cube/min/
passenger
Smoking permitted
0.7 meter
cube/min/
passenger
Air Velocity
up to 0.2m/sec inside the compartment
4 m/sec at the diffuser
Air-Conditioning
Temperature settings in AC
Coach
Low
MediumHigh
I AC
Cooling 220 C 240 C
260 C
Heating 170 C 190 C 210 C
II AC Cooling 260 C
III AC Heating -
240 C
190 C
210 C
Air-Conditioning
SYSTEM
OF
GENERATION
SYSTEM OF GENERATION
FOR AC
AC COACHES
COACHES
FOR
Air-Conditioning
Air- Conditioned
Coaches
Air-conditioned Coaches broadly
classified asSelf generating type
Power for AC equipments is
supplied by axle driven
alternators at 110V DC
Endon generation type
Power from diesel generated
sets (DG sets) at both ends at
750 V AC 3 phase 50 Hz.
AC equipments operate at 415
V 3 phase 50 Hz. AC
Air-Conditioning
SYSTEM OF
OF
SYSTEM
GENERATION
GENERATION
IN EOG
EOG COACHES
COACHES
IN
Air-Conditioning
Supply System in
Endongeneration
Coaches
Air-Conditioning
Supply System in EOG
Coaches
contd
For supply to lights and fans,
each coach is provided with a
step
down
transformer
of
capacity 3 KVA - steps down the
voltage from 415 V, 3 phase to
190 V, 3 phase.
110 V a.c. supply is provided for
lamps and fans by connecting
them between line and neutral of
Air-Conditioning
Supply System in EOG
Coaches
contd
A 24 V emergency battery of
90 Ah capacity has been
provided on the under frame
along with a battery charger.
The battery supplies the
emergency lights provided in
the Coach in the event of a. c.
power failure.
Air-Conditioning
Battery Charging at the
Terminal Stations
For precooling , AC Coaches are
provided with
One 200A capacity battery
charger
The battery charger takes 440 V,
3 phase supply through special
battery
charging
sockets
mounted diagonally one on each
end wall.
The battery charger consists of a
Air-Conditioning
Air-conditioning system
working
Refrigeration cycle
Air-Conditioning
Equipments of AC
System
Air-Conditioning
AC system in conventional
type Coaches
In
conventional
type
AC
equipments provided on underframe
Operates on 110 V DC supply
through 18/25 KW alternators
Thermostat senses the inside
temperature of the coach
Battery charger is provided on
under-frame
for
charging
the
batteries
Air-Conditioning
Under slung Type AC
System
Air-Conditioning
BRUSH LESS ALTERNATOR
Air-Conditioning
Drawbacks of Conventional AC
system
Refrigerant gas leakage from pipes
and joints
Heavy weight - coach tare weight
increases
Large space occupation by the
equipments
Maintenance problems - Huge skilled
manpower required
Consumes more power - Less
energy efficient
Under-slung equipments get hit by
Air-Conditioning
Development of
RMPU
Air-Conditioning
Roof-Mounted Packaged
Unit
(RMPU)
RMPU of 5.2 introduced in the
Air-Conditioning
Roof-Mounted Packaged
Unit
(RMPU)
Top view
Air-Conditioning
LOOK ONTO THE COMPRESSORS
Air-Conditioning
Comparison of RMPU with
Conventional under-frame AC
RMPU
Convention
system
al AC
Weight
900 Kgs
(2 units)
2700 kgs
Installation
time
4 hrs
4 days
Refrigerant
R 134a
R 12
Refrigerant
charge
2.85 Kgs
15 Kgs
Danger due to
cattle run over
/ flood
Nil
Heavy
4 hrs.
Very long
time
Air-Conditioning
Linke Hoffman Bosch
(LHB)
coaches
State of the art coaches
Rajdhani / Shatabdi Exp.
Trains
Modern passenger
amenities
Technology transfer
M/s Alstom LHB of
Germany
Manufactured at RCF,
Air-Conditioning
LHB
Coaches
Air-Conditioning
GENERAL FEATURES OF LHB COACH
EXHAUST
FAN
FRESH AIR
INTAKE
AC PACKAGE UNIT
EXT. SUPPLY
SOCKET
IV COUPLER
BATTERIES
Air-Conditioning
Basic Components of LHB Coach
Air-Conditioning
Basic Components of LHB Coach
Air-Conditioning
Basic Components of LHB Coach
Air-Conditioning
Basic Components of LHB Coach