SECURITY A New Framework for Analysis Barry Buzan Ole Weever Jaap de Wilde"fm Cia tat © Hilfe snes eece™ Contents Prfce YX 1 arodstion 3 2. Secuy Anas: Cone Apart 3, The Miia Sector 4 The Envienmenl Sector 5 The sono Sector 6 The Scie Secor 17 Tae ob Sector 8 How Sete Az Sybesied bePreface “This bok sets ou ew and compreensve fameork of analyse for trewry ses, Eobcing ten forthe Wier pends tah answers te waonla care dat the wie spends makes he bjt inccbereat tn fouls sty to incorpo he nas agen, examines te dsicive chance and yams of security ve Sector: ait. folic econ, evitonmena and seal Trees te wadonal= Eten forrenting cary to ve sc, ning tal very a= Teor py of pli pale tom wie age of rsx And it oes & eons oprional eto fr Stinging the procs of sect {los fo thi of policaton-fr understanding who xa secure ‘Shand under wat condions “Te cgi mse for oe bok wa 0 pte rein scat com lex tary Cheam 1991; Bona fa 1980), electing the widespread {eto he mi 1990s tthe post-Cold War cational tr as toing tote much ee ceed and eionalzl In earacet, We ‘Samed to bng sun coaplex etry ine wath he wider post-Cold ‘War secariy gen so we cold se it arly he emerge eration {I eodce Gur guston war Hw could seco complex thar be ‘enced wth wer oped essay es, whch evered 9 olY {he tdstonal miley an poi str uta te econo cet environ Thi qusion was satura etgomth fe a {tndetoos already event a Pople, States and Fear (Baran 1991). ‘eevee an aunt for wider eoeeptn of scaly onthe ene ad Eds presenttion of Secunycomplex theory est gel n onal tay poll fms ov te oe Toe question a folowed natraly fom oo cae took (Buzan ea 1980; Wave ea 1993) he fist ‘wich wa elon sateen cut complx tery andthe second ‘fui sug ound he scl component of he wider secuty “Taina secu complex cry has conser power to explain su poi ot forion of ae ein prers ef seus ‘ons od te pater of oad nrenton nese eons Bet ou hs ‘Se lg besten the newer sco she lave inporance ofvi Pie ay lil secsiy sine fer he end fhe Cal Wa? I pur ip tik eestor, ne found staesr to take up he calenge at ‘hr secu neni ently lcoberen Axa consequene oc bce more smbtous,evling into ager consinaon of ow to onderstnd ad asl inematna secant witht ag sak Boch the eocetaliton ad wring of the tok as been a = inl jt enter, whl fhe bors ang aban o ‘ery chapter Bot dierent part do have dintetive neon aps ‘Bary Beran waste main cater of Capers 13, 5, ahd 9, ms ey eens forthe scora sppoaeh: and ook over rsp fot ‘ting and coring the work. Ole Waver was e main de of {Capes 26,7, and 8a well as Beth seton of Chap 9, ad was ‘he pinay sop of he scrtntn approach ing the sc. Stay de Wie, the newest member fhe Capetage search BOP, then Gtr of Caper andthe ft wo secon of Chapler Bde ‘ental patio Chops 3 a9, and esaied te eer reo {thing to unqsetionng orton onal ret sseptcns "chan eceied 8 ea out of ep with ti projec. it an oreo, our hank ote Frits Tayce Sars, whe generous grant Imad it psu fr Buran 10 dete he main tenon oe Dok arg te ya 195-196, for tt stele seam of experts who rove ‘ial eal scrutiny, and fore sport of tbe crt fs rerearch ‘swan, Nex, hank oid Woerg an he state Copentngen Face Reseach nse, bo proved soporte, simulating, coe ral stmonpere in whch fo wevk Take slte too conelats— Netanied Ayo, Onen Gree, Pee Hasne, Bc Helens Andre eral ta Tomas Hla rbeeswho len wr bath thee expertise thd their wider edgoent, Al ofthe constant made exesve writes ‘tounens a vious sages of he afin the tok. Tie ial version fresh tring, ihough ty Bear no frm sponsor SThr i writen hee: And tasks to Bra Mara Chrisaen and lad "Voge cur seuch sss, who handled mat ofthe opti sks nd tometines worked umesonable Bours without compl. Fal oat tank fo people who volumeeed coment log the way and whose Insights ave elped fo shape or pune: Die Bigo, Anne Mai Ie ‘Gionnec, Lene Hanten Helge Hveem, Emile Kirschner, Wojciech oucei, Grates Minitae, Bjen Moller, Msee-Clade Sous, Michoet Wiliams, and a anoayioss reviewer for Lynne Rie’ Jaap We (CHAPTER1 Introduction ‘ears a en ar Demme re dank anes enim eee eee ae en ooh eh Sr a ie eae etc marge Sc Get nae sere sence ence stich ate aveng lar nay Shs met eB yaar SiS raarattmcagero eee ma ee anal cheno patentee aac a et aa ont on crerg enki aiieatiar career Sani emeaeers coe rife Meromentoarcnascuapentsas sshaietesrbes De cteanbe ts caacre ‘prumies ofthe differen pe of soar en levels ranging om esl ‘Bough reson! o loa ening sort se sea forwalan- isa ws only speaking, eat secant with miliary es an the ‘ado But iis ore eu when sett is moved oat of te mile {an ster There ae lect and pola angers in simply aking {het cary oman ever ier age sis. Toth cape the et soto surveys he ete between the em od th wana aprons to scary Has. The ollawing wo > ow fo th one dt str he alysis inthis tok. The ist ‘eu out oor endestantng of vel of aralyl (spi locations from ‘taco o mics whee one cn find bth sues of explain and eu hen) and he sro nee sets (ews af te le ht eet 9pacar tp of inercton The rest ofthe caper els with eons, leokng at how hey ele eves of arly, ong essa” eur 'y complex hoy a5 we hve eet hs fon and uveling some of he polens with eying extend vceriy comple ining inthe so ‘eahlona sectors (ooo soil, esto, “The “Wide” Versus “Narrow” Debate About Security Stadies ‘Te "wide" versus hat” dete grew tof saison with be Intense naowing of te elf seca sass ipod by the miary sad ncleaebessos of the Cold War Ths Gisaiton wa silt ‘thy te se of te eoroml deine agen nner waa ring the 1970 and 19805 ad ler by theif once ih emt ists aod testo dring te 1990s The ue ves widening evenly tigen tr own eatin cea le for cone: men of acu sies oes emered avant o eo oe ‘Akey spumer was tt popesivewicing sangre the ieee aberence of ecu puting 30 much ot bat exe ecing ‘cite void This argue perhaps masted peel wnpe ola oncem tht lowing nonalay acs 0 achive sceriy sat Would have undesirable and couterprodactive effet on the ete abe of ‘oc and iterate iso (oo on hin Cape). ‘hove aging ex for widening nel Clan (1983); Jn, Lemaite, and Wever (1987: Nye and Lyonfoaes (983), Matbews (9989) Brown (1989, Nye (1989) rar (19) Hater (1990 ‘eke (1987, and Wier (1995), mot hang ate ee) fnew, fin tommy soeres of het. There hs aio bon «eng re nitration otis economy king pate nthe eee ‘nd miltary sectors (Gilpin 1981; Cranford 1993, 198; Goma 1994, Mansfield 1998). Buzan (1991 a widener, bt he ha ben sepa sat the prospect for caer cacepltigs ofesty th so ‘sco (els Lusi! 199) ad eovnmenal ee sto Deas) 1990) ‘eco Bazan hs agaed fo retning»dstintinely ely sb of Sti tes wits wider surly sade (187,191 cher 1. ‘Ulin C98) and Bana 1091, bape have special weed te sinon fest way fom a pure slay ware sl fora tn, Thebes of ook ae ln wider de Wie fom Tira rt tackgrund aod Wave self efied os pstmoden ee i ‘Te defense of he trina poson et very the Cold Wa raved Ul ieraeone oaldilidapunet or esteting t et "myting th concem te prevention of superpower meat a tartan 3 tow 198 he mn kf Hea cmt ‘SS oft Wes mi conto strated» pera ‘Suntan eee he erect hrfo th tn ode Sree iio mesa ay ae os We seced oe urn eongurnyhe miany oos of megs aa seme ‘Aeset sces tpsu ontewdecsste t pe Siew be 199 ie of Snel O19 Sve “bonny Spon of eras “radon fog ack by ceuerng convention! arguments abou he edrng py of tary sect (Gay 19980) Tang sys td ook ae wy eel ees Festina sytem sn mde exp tg 0 Sette cntaty of teat cus one wen So stip roe ces wee plying vou a lay ene Mot ln nt only conte ting hey wit ad ‘SSpmyurel woven ists enton Butane Lee, and ‘ever (DH ad go (99)hol he pic! ser pinay ad Ue he stn the fly leo tw nko may eon ‘Sl niontas (hp 1953 Gry 1992) have aged at ee ‘snl ete tel ora bj afer he iia INeiear mowing he Cla Watt he Ey seg was tallow ‘Ting uy nc coal eid wens ta he ent (rst ne ice btn pil str Ax Chipman 212) pt ‘eng emery matte he ile of Spt ah a st a Py Ao be ety ig he he io hj, Cpa’ ‘tn min rte iy mf ne ‘Secon yang poles ne, wi a ed Slee core tnepe sa of oe een! em Sen Wa he pene eng sone oa posi Heme ety es show he pevonenan fa {Sica ed re ny fen sn cnt of tay ose Agu ve wo wwe he pace ‘tiny mh es oes fan he ih of gud “Sosy Sue cei by ge, ote seeds dens ican Dec Feld nh waylar pe of inertia. The et ofthe cape els wit ions, coking at how te eee to eves analysing “clases 'y comple thor swe ave wee hi pot sed uvelig some of poems ith ying texted security comple biking it te mo tradonl ets (economist nterental). ‘The “Wide” Versus “Narow" Debate About Security Studies The “wide” vers “naron” debate are out of dsaiaton with te Inese marowing of he eld of seu stds peed y the ily and clea cbc of ne Cold War Ths raistaton wa stated it bythe is ofthe ecoumic aden toneestal sens in neratona ‘elubons rng the 17D and 1980s en er byte of once th ‘ety iste nd csaionl eine daring te 1990s The ue en ‘sig evel tigeed sown reaction esi le freon Ment of scnty sues fo sae centered aro te et we ce ‘key apni ws tat propessve widening eninge the eect atetence of security, ating so mech no ates earn ‘se void, Tis argumea peeps masked eer urate ola neem hat lowing momma eo acne scary sa Wend tive undesirable and counerprodcive eet on he ete ae of ‘9c and ero! lin (aoe on is nC). ‘Those apungexlicly fr widening Iniee Una (1983) Jha, emai aod Wer (987); Nye and Lymn Jones (1988), Manon’ 9985); Brown 199); Nye (1989; Crawford (199) atendorn (199 ‘Tikner 992; and Weer ta (1993), moet aig afm te wey fnew, fin onistysoarse of tien Thre ts aio ben ong ‘ead io tational pola ecanonylking pate nthe tooo and military sectors (Glin 198, Crawford 1993, 195; Gow 1994, Montiel 1998). Bazan (1991) + wideney, bt he ba ben sepa stout the prompects for caherert eospitetins of sci he oo ‘omic tals Lin 199) ad envionment (so Deady 199) ‘ects Buran has aid for setningdtntnely mils ot Seti des win a wider sear les (187, 1991 chap 10, {ina (198) and Bans (191, chapter 3) kav specie wide he ‘ttc approsch tallow finde pei wis fhe ease or tnsance, Chul se ecrtzng actor cold Have ured ‘Nala treat. The doesnt sees ea couereetzon ay it s ‘ipa nce, What costes trent one mt necessary te eet SoS ees Nea asics cces so etait mon hoc aoa acters partner ot ia mi cesemternes Seeeetecte ‘Tee ae sevens scerig stor, th ste a ell a he So ieee Siniincrcnartenareetceeiet Seip ienaaamar mene nongena Siipheto teeters peer otic aatuans aatnownnenncaage6 sty Notes 1993; Delaaens 8, Coc 980) btn BO wa ead oes See ee aoa Eee teeenencara geet ieee me ct aera sii haccmeey coantarmeiceaa Seaton tetany {hd oe nn hee, we watt fen # aco era Soe Sees mons te ee cs Sgn emgeteet eh ent esi pe apiece ea tetas em IS he ot pil nt cnn ae ne SELES Grey omnes de he rae of cag 9 es pers a eck tater Re (ED Aa ‘Mvmt cour een ft paren papers of ‘Say enue mee yng burl fears feck ‘Suerte: a ee pwc ct do oe a en sfc ‘wm mete “uci ig” hay ne ae acep a elng ar Schuknecht teats pe arn The ‘eosin ay Antena wh cr You old rane eat lol in pte y= oper mos ed etony ts [1an #1) Tivo oe pr ‘pect Eaesng ey che tecing poral Weak ‘EE, secteh eno at so sey ste Ses reee Ural can ye peor ro Aloo npe ‘Tipe pny ath povy seed a ek Te ral wut al fost se apace mya comer. he o Sty amis eet agro rin ttn ect gt, SUIS ees eee etter Bi at tad —-—rr——LCl —_ #~-—- celine ena Bsioasts Gertee oe _ scot he trey ate ‘Sey averages aera eons Sete Gare carats res Seer nageme ae coed ‘ha eo pti wey eg lie ay coat han Sirianni ety elise re atenaaPeit cet retried Set ee rere det temas maracas Cee enclose ga ok cerveein cmaareecsmrsee Specie sniasrmm mare Shean react rao isc re aueeen en agate a Sic emer roca cat a eeighaerennma teen Soruoweeraetrsmcnan ications eae eae eee Seine nts ge ot ring mot docraaed