Predisposing factors, old age

(60 years old) history of

respiratory disease, Male,
DM

Precipitating factors: COPD, causative

organism K pneumoniae, pollution
from smoke belching vehicles

K
Pneumoniae

Decrease ciliary action and

macrophage action

Alveolar inflammation and

Area of decrease
ventilation
Capillaries are engorged in
blood
Stasi
Alveolar capillary membrane
Alveoli fill with blood and
Atelectas
is

Impaired gas
exchange related
to alveolarcapillary
membrane

Inflammation and increase mucus

production
Destruction of alveolar
Perbronchiolar
Mucus plug, narrowed
airway

Ineffective airway clearance

related to retained secretions

Air
trapping
Airways narrow and gas flow
prevented
Decrease alveolar minute
ventilation
Decrease PaO2 level and increase in
Hypoxem

SNS triggers
vasoconstriction

Increase in PVR increase

R-L
Decrease
Tissue
hypoxemia
Risk for fall
related to
insufficient
O2 supply

Ineffective tissue perfusion

related to impaired transport
of O2 across alveolar and
capillary membrane

Anaerobic metabolism and lactic

acidosis
Dizzine
ss

Cerebral
depressi

Insufficien
t O2
supply

Hypercap

Decrease O2 absoption and decrease in CO2

elimination
Increase O2 demand vs
supply
Tachypnea as
compensatory
Respiratory
exhaustion
Lost ability to
ventilate
O2 absorption and CO2 elimination did
not occur
Acute Respiratory
Failure

Exertiona
l
discomfo

Fatigu
e

Activity
intolerance
related to