CHAPTER

Matter
Jirim

Application of the properties of matter

Penggunaan sifat-sifat jirim

MATTER
JIRIM

Arrangement and movement of particles

Susunan dan pergerakan zarah-zarah

Density

Ketumpatan

Three states of matter

Tiga keadaan jirim

Solid

Pepejal

Liquid
Cecair

Gas
Gas

Density Ketumpatan
Diffusion Resapan
Float Timbul
Mass Jisim
States of matter Keadaan jirim
Matter Jirim
Particle Zarah
Vibrate Bergetar

Ice Cube Fishing / Memancing Kiub Ais

Fishing is the activity of trying to catch fish. But have you tried to catch some ice cubes in a glass of water?
Memancing ialah aktiviti menangkap ikan. Tetapi, pernahkan anda mencuba memancing kiub ais di dalam segelas air?

Procedure / Prosedur:
1 Put an ice cube in a glass of water / Letakkan satu kiub ais ke dalam segelas air.
2 Place one end of a string over the top of the ice cube / Letakkan hujung benang di atas kiub ais itu.
3 Place a pinch of salt over the string and the ice cube / Letakkan secubit garam di sekeliling benang dan
kiub ais itu.

4 Count slowly to ten / Kira perlahan-lahan sehingga sepuluh.

5 Gently lift the ice cube out of the water / Perlahan-lahan angkat kiub ais itu keluar daripada air.

Can you catch the ice? Explain why

Bolehkah anda memancing ais? Jelaskan mengapa.

Science Form 1 Chapter 3 Matter

Name:

Class:

3.1

Date:

Matter
Jirim

Mastery

B1D3E1

B2D3E2

B3D7E1

1. (a) List the things around us into living things and non-living things in the table below.

Senaraikan benda-benda di sekeliling kita kepada benda hidup dan benda bukan hidup di dalam jadual di bawah.

Living things / Benda hidup

Non-living things / Benda bukan hidup

Plants / Tumbuhan

Water / Air

Human beings / Manusia

Sand / Pasir

Insects / Serangga

Stone / Batu

Cockles / Kerang

Air / Udara

(Students answers / Jawapan pelajar)

(b) Are all the living things and non-living things listed above matter? Why?

Adakah semua benda hidup dan benda bukan hidup yang disenaraikan di atas merupakan jirim? Mengapa?

Yes, they are matter because have mass and occupy space.
Ya, mereka adalah jirim kerana mempunyai jisim dan memenuhi ruang.

2. Mark () for matter and () for non-matter.

Tandakan () untuk jirim dan () untuk bukan jirim.

The light from the table lamp

Cahaya daripada lampu meja

Stationery

Bahan kimia

Menguasai

54

Belum Menguasai

State that things have mass and occupy space

Explain the meaning of matter
Relate things and matter

Air in the balloons

Alat tulis

Chemicals

Udara di dalam belon

Shadow

Bayang-bayang

Gravity
Graviti

Tandatangan Guru: _______________________________

 Science Form 1 Chapter 3 Matter

Name:

Class:

Date:

Learning Objective 3.1 Understanding that matter has mass and occupies space

INQUIRY 3.2
Experiment

Matter has mass and Occupies Space

Jirim mempunyai Jisim dan Memenuhi Ruang

Inquiry-discovery

B4D7E1

Aim

Menunjukkan udara, air, dan tanah mempunyai jisim dan memenuhi ruang

Materials

Balloon, needle, thread, cellophane tape, half-metre rule, water, soil

Belon, jarum, benang, pita selofan, pembaris separuh meter, air, tanah

Apparatus

Retort stand and clamp, beaker, basin, measuring cylinder, lever balance
Kaki retort dan pengapit, bikar, besen, silinder penyukat, neraca tuas

Procedure

To show that air, water, and soil have mass and occupy space

1. Carry out Activity A to C. / Jalankan Aktiviti A hingga C.

2. Record your observation in the space provided.

Rekodkan pemerhatian anda di dalam ruangan yang disediakan.

Activity / Aktiviti
A To show that air has mass and occupies space

Menunjukkan udara mempunyai jisim dan memenuhi ruang

1. Hang and balance the two balloons on a metre

rule / Gantungkan dan seimbangkan kedua-dua biji
belon pada pembaris meter.

Observation / Pemerhatian
Balloon Q deflates and the ruler
tilts to the
left
.
Belon
ke

2. Stick the cellophane tape as in the Diagram (a). Water

Puncture balloon Q with a needle and observe
beaker.
what happen / Tampalkan pita selofan seperti dalam
Rajah (a). Cucuk pita selofan pada belon Q dengan
menggunakan jarum dan perhatikan apa yang berlaku.

Air

Q pecah
kiri

dan pembaris condong

does not enter

tidak memasuki

the
bikar.

3. Draw the expected observation in the space

given / Lukiskan pemerhatian yang dijangka dalam
ruangan yang diberikan.

4. Press an empty beaker into a basin of water as in

the Diagram (b) / Telangkupkan satu bikar kosong ke

dalam sebuah besen yang berisi air seperti dalam Rajah (b).
Thread
Benang
Half-metre rule
Pembaris meter
Cellophane tape
Pita selofan

Balloon
Belon
P

Needle
Jarum

Diagram (a) / Rajah (a)

Press
Tekan
Basin
Besen
Beaker
Bikar
Water
Air

Diagram (b) / Rajah (b)

Carry out activities to show that air, water, soil and living things have mass and occupy space.

55

Science Form 1 Chapter 3 Matter

(a) Mass of empty measuring cylinder

B To show that water has mass and occupies

space

Jisim silinder penyukat kosong

Menunjukkan air mempunyai jisim dan memenuhi ruang

Empty
measuring
cylinder
Silinder
penyukat
kosong

Pan
Ceper

Measuring
cylinder halffilled with water
Silinder
penyukat berisi
air separuh penuh

Indicator
Penunjuk
Balancing
screw
Skru penyelaras

Balancing
screw
Skru penyelaras

Pan
Ceper
Indicator
Penunjuk

1. Weigh an empty measuring cylinder with a

lever balance and record its mass.

Timbang sebuah silinder penyukat kosong dengan neraca

tuas dan rekodkan jisimnya.

2. Fill in the measuring cylinder with 50 ml

of water. Weigh the measuring cylinder and
record its mass.

Isi silinder penyukat dengan 50 ml air. Timbang silinder

penyukat dan rekodkan jisimnya.

130

(b) Mass of measuring cylinder and

water / Jisim silinder penyukat dan air
=
150
g
(c) Mass of water / Jisim air
=
50
g
(d) Volume of water / Isi padu air
=
50
cm3
(Students answer / Jawapan pelajar)
(e) The reading on the lever balance
increases when the water is
poured into the measuring cylinder.

Bacaan pada neraca tuas bertambah

apabila air dituangkan ke dalam silinder
penyukat.

(f) Water occupies a certain amount

of
space
in the measuring
cylinder.

Air memenuhi

ruang

yang tertentu

di dalam silinder penyukat.

C To show that soil has mass and occupies space

Menunjukkan tanah mempunyai jisim dan memenuhi ruang

Empty
measuring
cylinder
Silinder
penyukat
kosong
Lever
balance
Neraca tuas

Measuring
cylinder
half-filled with
soil
Silinder
penyukat
berisi tanah
separuh penuh
Lever balance
Neraca tuas

1. Weigh an empty measuring cylinder with a

lever balance and record its mass.

Timbang sebuah silinder penyukat kosong dengan neraca

tuas dan rekodkan jisimnya.

2. Put some soil into the measuring cylinder

and record the volume. Weigh the measuring
cylinder and record its mass.

Tuangkan sedikit tanah ke dalam silinder penyukat itu

dan rekodkan isi padunya. Timbang silinder penyukat dan
rekodkan jisimnya

(a) Mass of empty measuring cylinder

Jisim silinder penyukat kosong
=
115
g
(b) Mass of measuring cylinder and
soil / Jisim silinder penyukat dan tanah
=
183
g
(c) Mass of soil / Jisim tanah
=
67
g
(d) Volume of soil / Isi padu tanah
=
50
cm3

(Students answer / Jawapan pelajar)
(e) The reading on the lever balance
increases when the soil is added
into the measuring cylinder.

Bacaan pada neraca tuas bertambah

apabila tanah dimasukkan ke dalam
silinder penyukat.

(f) Soil occupies a certain amount of

space in the measuring cylinder.
ruang
yang
Tanah memenuhi
tertentu di dalam silinder penyukat.

56

 Science Form 1 Chapter 3 Matter

Discussion

1. Give inferences to your observation of Activity A to C.

Berikan inferens kepada pemerhatian anda pada Aktiviti A hingga C.

Activity A / Aktiviti A : Air has

mass

and
jisim

Udara mempunyai

Activity B / Aktiviti B : Water has

mass
mass

dan

memenuhi ruang

occupies space

jisim

Tanah mempunyai

occupies space

dan

and

memenuhi ruang

dan

and

jisim

Air mempunyai

Activity C / Aktiviti C : Soil has

occupies space

memenuhi ruang

2. What are the two physical quantities that are involved in this activity?

Apakah dua kuantiti fizik yang terlibat dalam aktiviti ini?

Mass
and volume
Jisim

dan isi padu

3. Why is the mass of air not measured using the lever balance?

Mengapakah jisim udara tidak diukur dengan neraca tuas?

Because the mass of air is

Kerana jisim udara adalah

very small

terlalu kecil

4. Tick () the following examples that have mass and occupy space.

Tandakan () contoh yang berikut yang mempunyai jisim dan memenuhi ruang.

Oxygen / Oksigen

Living things / Benda hidup

HOTS

Candles flame / Nyalaan lilin

Bacteria / Bakteria

Bubbles / Gelembung

Sound waves / Gelombang bunyi

5. What is a non-matter?

Apakah bukan jirim?

A non-matter does not have

Bukan jirim tidak mempunyai
Conclusion

jisim

mass

and does not

dan tidak

Matter like air, water, soil and living things has

Jirim seperti udara, air, tanah, dan benda hidup mempunyai

Menguasai

Belum Menguasai

occupy space .

memenuhi ruang

mass

and

occupies space

jisim

dan

memenuhi ruang

.
.

Tandatangan Guru: _______________________________

57

Science Form 1 Chapter 3 Matter

Name:

Class:

Date:

Learning Objective 3.2 Understanding the three states of matter

3.3

The States of Matter

Tiga Keadaan Jirim

Contextual

B2D3E1

Based on the diagrams below, write the states of matter whether it is a solid, liquid or gas.

Berdasarkan rajah di bawah, tuliskan keadaan jirim sama ada pepejal, cecair, atau gas dalam ruangan yang diberikan.

1.

Solid
Pepejal

Solid
Pepejal

Compressed
gas
Gas mampat

Liquid
Cecair

2.
Gas
Gas
Gas
Gas
Solid
Pepejal

Solid
Pepejal

Liquid
Cecair

3.
Gas
Gas
Liquid
Cecair
Solid
Pepejal

Menguasai

58

Belum Menguasai

State the three states of matter

Solid
Pepejal
Solid
Pepejal

Tandatangan Guru: _______________________________

 Science Form 1 Chapter 3 Matter

Name:

Class:

3.4

Date:

Arrangement and Movement of Particles in Solid, Liquid and Gas

Susunan dan pergerakan Zarah dalam Pepejal, Cecair, dan Gas

Inquiry-discovery

B4D8E1

Aim

To make simulation about the arrangement and movement of particles in solid, liquid and gas
Membuat simulasi mengenai susunan dan pergerakan zarah dalam pepejal, cecair, dan gas

Materials

Plastic container with partition, marbles / Bekas plastik dengan penghadang, guli

Procedure

1. Put marbles in each of the sections S, L, dan G in the plastic container as shown in the
Diagram (a) / Letak guli ke dalam bahagian S, L, dan G dalam bekas plastik seperti dalam Rajah (a).
S

Marbles
Guli

Plastic container
Bekas plastik

Diagram (a) / Rajah (a)

2.
Move the plastic container from left to right and right to left. / Gerak bekas itu dari kiri ke kanan
dan kanan ke kiri.

3. Observe the arrangement and movement of the marbles in each section. Record your
observation in the table below.

Perhatikan susunan dan pergerakan guli dalam setiap bahagian. Rekodkan pemerhatian anda di dalam jadual.

4. Draw the arrangement of marbles in each section.

Lukis susunan guli dalam setiap bahagian.

Observation

Section
Bahagian

Marble arrangement
Susunan guli

Marble movement
Pergerakan guli

Compact and orderly

Vibrate about a fixed position

Padat dan teratur

Bergetar pada kedudukan tetap

Loose and not in order

Move randomly and sometimes

Longgar dan tidak teratur

collides
Bergerak secara rawak dan kadangkala
berlanggar

Very loose and disorderly

Move quickly at random and

Sangat longgar dan tidak teratur

often collides
Bergerak laju secara rawak dan kerap
berlanggar

State that matter is made up of particles

State the arrangement of particles in the three states of matter
State the differences in the movement of particles in the three states of matter

59

Science Form 1 Chapter 3 Matter

Discussion

1. (a) What is represented by marbles?

Apakah yang diwakili oleh guli ?

Particles / Zarah.

(b) What is matter made up of?

Apakah yang membina jirim?

Matter is made up of

Jirim terdiri daripada zarah-zarah

tiny

and
kecil

discrete
dan

particles.
diskret .

2. Between particles of liquid and gas, which is easier to compress?

Antara zarah-zarah cecair dan gas, yang manakah senang dimampatkan?

Gas
3. (a)

Press
Ditekan

A cylinder is filled with substance M. Give example of

substance M.
Suatu silinder diisi dengan sejenis bahan M. Berikan contoh bahan
M.

Oxygen / Gas oksigen (Any gases / Sebarang gas)

Substance M
Bahan M

(b) State what happen to the substance M when the piston is pressed down?

Nyatakan apa yang berlaku kepada bahan M apabila omboh ditekan?

(i) Distance between particles / Jarak antara zarah-zarah:

Decreases / Berkurang

(ii) Rate of particles collision/ Kadar perlanggaran zarah-zarah:

HOTS

Decreases / Berkurang

(iii) Attraction force between particles / Daya tarikan antara zarah-zarah:

Increases / Bertambah

4. Predict the total volume of a mixture if 30 ml of alcohol is mixed with 30 ml of water in

a measuring cylinder. Why?

Ramalkan jumlah isi padu campuran jika 30 ml alkohol dicampurkan dengan 30 ml air di dalam silinder
penyukat. Mengapa? HOTS

The total volume of the mixture is less than 60 ml because the particles of alcohol and
water have moved into the spaces between them.

Jumlah isi padu campuran adalah kurang daripada 60 ml kerana zarah-zarah alkohol dan air telah
bergerak ke dalam ruang antaranya.

Conclusion

Particles in solid, liquid and gaseous states have

different arrangement

Zarah-zarah dalam keadaan pepejal, cecair, dan gas mempunyai

pergerakan

Menguasai

60

and

movement .

perbezaan dalam susunan

dan

Belum Menguasai

Tandatangan Guru: _______________________________

 Science Form 1 Chapter 3 Matter

Name:

Class:

Date:

Learning Objective 3.3 Understanding the concept of density

3.5

Density and Buoyancy of Objects

Ketumpatan dan Keapungan Objek

Inquiry-discovery

PEKA

Aim

B5D2E1

To test the density and buoyancy of objects

Menguji ketumpatan dan keapungan objek

Materials

B3D8E1

Substance
Bahan

Water, cooking oil, coin, cork, ice cubes

Air, minyak masak, duit syiling, gabus, kiub ais

Density (g/cm3)
Ketumpatan (g/cm3)

Ice cube

0.92

Cooking oil

0.87

Kiub ais

Apparatus

Measuring cylinder, beaker / Silinder penyukat, bikar

Procedure

Minyak masak

Water

Coin

6.96

Cork

0.25

Air

Duit syiling
Ice cube
Kiub ais

Cooking oil
Minyak masak

Coin
Duit syiling

Water
Air

Gabus

Cork
Gabus

1. Fill 50 ml of water and 50 ml of cooking oil into the measuring cylinder.

2. Add substances such as of coin, cork and ice cubes into the measuring cylinder.

3. Draw what you observe in the space provided below.

Isikan 50 ml air dan 50 ml minyak masak ke dalam silinder penyukat.

Masukkan bahan-bahan seperti duit syiling, gabus, dan kiub ais ke dalam silinder penyukat.
Lukiskan pemerhatian anda di dalam ruang yang disediakan.
Method

1. 50 ml of water and 50 ml of cooking oil were filled into the measuring cylinder.
50 ml air dan 50 ml minyak masak diisikan ke dalam silinder penyukat.

2. Susbtances such as of coin, cork and ice cubes were added into the measuring cylinder.

Bahan-bahan seperti duit syiling, gabus, dan kiub ais dimasukkan ke dalam silinder penyukat.

3. Observation of the objects and liquids was drawn in the space provided.

Pemerhatian tentang objek dan cecair dilukis di dalam ruangan yang disediakan.
Observation

Cork
Gabus
Ice cube
Kiub ais
Coin
Duit syiling

Cooking oil
Minyak
masak
Water
Air

E1C6

Define density
Explain why some objects and liquids float
Carry out activities to explore the densities of objects and liquids

61

Science Form 1 Chapter 3 Matter

Discussion
E1

1. (a) What is the definition of density?

Apakah definisi ketumpatan?

Density is the mass per unit volume of a substance.

Ketumpatan ialah jisim per unit isi padu bahan itu.

(b) State which liquid is denser.
6
8

Water
Air

Nyatakan manakah cecair yang lebih tumpat.

(c) Why does cork float on the surface of cooking oil?

Mengapakah gabus terapung di atas permukaan minyak masak?

Cork floats on the surface of cooking oil because cork

cooking oil.

Gabus terapung di atas permukaan minyak masak kerana gabus

minyak masak.

is less dense
kurang tumpat

than
daripada
E1C4

2. (a) Arrange the objects in the measuring cylinder in an increasing density.

Susunkan objek di dalam silinder penyukat mengikut ketumpatan yang semakin bertambah.

Cork

Gabus

Cooking oil

Ice cube

Minyak masak

Water

Kiub ais

Air

Coin

Duit syliling

E1C8

(b) Calculate the density of a cork if the mass and volume of the cork are 1 g and 4 cm3.
Formula of density is given.

Kirakan ketumpatan gabus jika jisim dan isi padu gabus masing-masing adalah 1 g dan 4 cm3. Formula
ketumpatan adalah seperti yang diberikan.

Mass / Jisim
Density / Ketumpatan =
Volume / Isi padu

= 0.25 g cm3

The buoyancy of an object depends on its

Keapungan objek bergantung kepada ketumpatannya .

Objects that are less dense than a liquid

sink
in it.
denser than the liquid

Objek yang kurang tumpat daripada sesuatu cecair

tumpat daripada cecair itu

Menguasai

62

E1C6

1g
Density / Ketumpatan =
4 cm3

Conclusion

Belum Menguasai

tenggelam

density
float
timbul

.
in the liquid while objects that are
di permukaan cecair manakala objek yang lebih

di dalamnya.

Tandatangan Guru: _______________________________

 Science Form 1 Chapter 3 Matter

Name:

3.6

Class:

Date:

The Concept of Density

Konsep Ketumpatan

Constructivism

B5D2E1

1. A block of copper measuring 3 cm 4 cm 5 cm has a mass of 534 g. What is its density?

Satu blok kuprum yang berukuran 3 cm 4 cm 5 cm mempunyai jisim 534 g. Apakah ketumpatannya?

Mass / Jisim
Density / Ketumpatan =
Volume / Isi padu
534 g
=
60 cm3

= 8.9 g / cm3

M
DV

2. The density of aluminium is 2.6 g / cm3. What is the volume for a mass of 78 g of aluminium?

Aluminium mempunyai ketumpatan 2.6 g / cm3. Apakah isi padu bagi aluminium yang berjisim 78 g?

Mass / Jisim
Volume / Isi padu =
Density / Ketumpatan
78 g
=
2.6 g / cm3

= 30 cm3

3. If the density of alcohol is 0.8 g / cm3 and the volume is 100 cm3 , what is the mass of alcohol?

Jika ketumpatan alkohol ialah 0.8 g / cm3 dan isi padu adalah 100 cm3, apakah jisim alkohol?

Mass / Jisim = Density / Ketumpatan Volume / Isi padu

= 0.8 g / cm3 100 cm3

= 80 g

4. What is the capacity of a bottle which contains 544 g of mercury if the density of mercury is 13.6 g / cm3?
Apakah kapasiti botol yang mengandungi 544 g merkuri jika ketumpatan merkuri ialah 13.6 g / cm3?

Mass / Jisim
Volume / Isi padu =
Density / Ketumpatan
544 g
= 3
13.6 g / cm

= 40 cm3

Solve simple problems related to density

63

Science Form 1 Chapter 3 Matter

5. The mass of a beaker is 30 g. After it is filled with 60 ml of petrol, the mass of the beaker and petrol is 72 g.
What is the density of petrol? HOTS

Jisim sebuah bikar ialah 30 g. Setelah diisi dengan 60 ml petrol, jisim bikar dan petrol ialah 72 g. Apakah ketumpatan petrol?

Mass of the beaker and petrol = 72 g

Jisim bikar dan petrol = 72 g

Mass of a beaker = 30 g
Jisim sebuah bikar = 30 g

Mass of petrol = 72 g 30 g = 42 g
Jisim petrol = 72 g 30 g = 42 g

Mass / Jisim
Density of petrol / Ketumpatan petrol =
Volume / Isi padu
42 g
=
60 cm3

= 0.7 g / cm3

6. The density of mercury is 13.6 g/cm3. Find the mass of 50 cm3 of it.

Ketumpatan merkuri ialah 13.6 g/cm3. Cari jisim bagi 50 cm3 merkuri.

Mass / Jisim = Density / Ketumpatan Volume / Isi padu

= 13.6 g/cm3 50 cm3

= 680 g

7. The density of air is 1.3 kg/m3. What is the volume of 6.5 kg of air?

Ketumpatan bagi udara ialah 1.3 kg/m3. Apakah isi padu bagi 6.5 kg udara?

Mass / Jisim
Volume / Isi padu =
Density / Ketumpatan
6.5 kg

=
1.3 kg/m3

= 5 m3

8. The density of pure gold is 19.3 g cm3. A gold ring has a mass of 7.72g. Calculate the volume of the gold
ring.

Ketumpatan emas tulen ialah 19.3 g cm3. Sebentuk cincin emas mempunyai jisim sebanyak 7.72 g. Hitungkan isi padu cincin emas
itu.

Mass / Jisim
Volume of the gold ring / Isi padu cincin emas itu =
Density / Ketumpatan
7.72 g
=
19.3 g m3

= 0.4 cm3

9. A container contains 2 litres of liquid Y and its mass is 3 kg. When the container is emptied, its mass is 500
g. What is the density of liquid Y?

Sebuah bekas mengandungi 2 liter cecair Y dan jisimnya ialah 3 kg. Apabila bekas dikosongkan, jisimnya ialah 500 g. Apakah
ketumpatan cecair Y? HOTS

Mass / Jisim
Density of liquid Y / Ketumpatan cecair Y =
Volume / Isi padu
3000 g
= 3
2000 cm

= 1.5 g/cm3

Menguasai

64

Belum Menguasai

Tandatangan Guru: _______________________________

 Science Form 1 Chapter 3 Matter

Name:

Class:

Date:

Learning Objective 3.4 Appreciating the use of properties of matter in everyday life

Use of Properties of Matter in Daily Life

3.7

Penggunaan Sifat-sifat Jirim dalam Kehidupan Harian

Contextual

B6D3E1

Fill in the blanks with suitable words given.

Isi tempat kosong dengan perkataan yang sesuai yang diberikan.

Transport
Diangkut

Oil

Compressed
Dimampatkan

Tenggelam

Tinggi

Dense

Storage space

Moulds

Flotation

Minyak

Melt

Lebur

Lebih tumpat

1. Gases can be

Sink

Ruang

compressed

under

High

Acuan

high

Density

LiquidS

Ketumpatan

Cecair

Air

Apungan

Udara

pressure and stored as

liquids

in the gas cylinder.

The advantages of storing liquefied gases under high pressure in cylinder are:
Gas boleh

dimampatkan

di bawah tekanan

tinggi

cecair

dan disimpan sebagai

di dalam silinder gas.

Faedah menyimpan gas cecair di bawah tekanan tinggi dalam silinder adalah:

(a) Saves storage space because the liquid particles are closer together.
Menjimatkan

(b) Easier to
Mudah

ruang

kerana zarah-zarah cecair adalah lebih rapat.

transport
diangkut

.
.

2. Raft and sampan can be built from the concept of

Rakit dan sampan boleh dibina daripada konsep

ketumpatan

density

3. A submarine fills its ballast tank with sea water to make it

dense

Sebuah kapal selam mengisikan tangki balast dengan air laut supaya ia menjadi
laut.

4. Iron and plastic are heated until they

required shapes of objects.
lebur

Besi dan plastik dipanaskan sehingga

objek yang dikehendaki.

5.

Oil

Minyak

and are poured into

dan dituangkan ke dalam

dan

tenggelam

moulds

acuan

in the sea.
di dalam

to obtain the

untuk mendapatkan bentuk

boleh dituang ke permukaan air untuk mencegah pembiakan nyamuk.

Jaket keselamatan adalah alat

Menguasai

lebih tumpat

sink

can be poured to the waters surface to prevent mosquito breeding.

6. A lifejacket is a
flotation
air
in the jacket.
udara

melt

and

device in water to keep a person afloat because of the presence of

apungan

di dalam air untuk membenarkan seseorang terus terapung kerana kehadiran

di dalamnya.

Belum Menguasai

Describe how man uses the different states of matter

Describe how man applies the concept of density

Tandatangan Guru: _______________________________

65

Science Form 1 Chapter 3 Matter

Name:

Class:

3.8

Date:

Application of the Concept of Density and Buoyancy

Aplikasi Konsep Ketumpatan dan Keapungan

STS

B6D3E1

1. Explain the application of the concept of density and buoyancy based from the pictures below.
Terangkan aplikasi konsep ketumpatan dan keapungan berdasarkan gambar di bawah.

Explanation / Penerangan

(a)

Logs float on the river because wood is less dense

than water.
Kayu balak timbul di permukaan sungai kerana kayu adalah
kurang tumpat daripada air.

(b)

A buoy has a cylinder filled with air. The buoy floats

on the sea surface because air is less dense than sea
water.
Boya mempunyai silinder yang berisi udara. Boya terapung di
permukaan laut kerana udara kurang tumpat daripada air laut.

(c)

A ships anchor sinks in sea water because iron is

denser than sea water.
Sauh kapal tenggelam di dasar laut kerana besi adalah lebih
tumpat daripada laut.

(d)

To raise the hot air balloon, the air in the balloon is

heated. The air expands and becomes less dense than
the outside air.
Untuk menaikkan belon udara panas, udara di dalam belon
dipanaskan. Udara mengembang dan menjadi kurang tumpat
daripada udara di luar.

Menguasai

66

Belum Menguasai

Describe how man applies the concept of density

Tandatangan Guru: _______________________________

 Science Form 1 Chapter 3 Matter

Name:

Class:

INQUIRY 3.9
Experiment

Date:

Relationship between Density and Flotation

Hubungan antara Ketumpatan dengan Keapungan

Inquiry-discovery

B6D3E1

Aim

To modify object that sinks into object that floats

Mengubah suai objek yang tenggelam menjadi objek yang boleh terapung

Materials

A lump of plasticine, water, tissue paper / Ketulan plastisin, air, kertas tisu

Apparatus

Plastic basin / Besen plastik

Plasticine
Plastisin
Basin
Besen

Basin
Besen

Water
Air

Water
Air

Plasticine
Plastisin

Diagram (a) / Rajah (a)
Procedure

Diagram (b) / Rajah (b)

1. Fill a plastic basin with water until it is half full.

Isikan air ke dalam sebuah besen plastik sehingga separuh penuh.

2. Put the lump of plasticine into the basin. Observe what happens to the plasticine as in
Diagram (a).

Letakkan ketulan plastisin ke dalam besen. Perhatikan apa yang berlaku kepada plastisin seperti dalam Rajah (a).

3. Remove the lump of plasticine from the water and dry it with some tissue papers.

4. Mould the lump of plasticine to shape it into a model boat.

5. Put the plasticine model boat on the surface of water. Observe what happens to the
plasticine model boat as in Diagram (b). / Letakkan model perahu plastisin di atas permukaan air.

Keluarkan ketulan plastisin itu dari air dan keringkan dengan kertas tisu.
Bentuk ketulan plastisin itu untuk menjadi bentuk sebuah model perahu.

Perhatikan apa yang berlaku kepada model perahu plastisin seperti dalam Rajah (b).

Observation

Condition / Keadaan

Observation / Pemerhatian

When the lump of plasticine is dropped into the basin

Apabila ketulan plastisin dilepaskan ke dalam besen

When the plasticine model boat is placed on the surface of water

Apabila model perahu plastisin diletakkan di atas permukaan air
Discussion

It sinks

Tenggelam

It floats

Terapung

1. Why does the lump of plasticine sink in the water?

Mengapakah ketulan plastisin tenggelam di dalam air?

The lump of plasticine is

daripada air.

denser

than water / Ketulan plastisin

lebih tumpat

2. Which object has a bigger volume, the lump of plasticine or the plasticine model boat?

Yang manakah objek mempunyai isi padu yang lebih besar, ketulan plastisin atau model perahu plastisin?

The

plasticine model boat

Model perahu platisin

occupies a bigger volume.

memenuhi isi padu yang lebih besar.

Carry out an activity to explore the application of the concept of floating and sinking related to density

67

Science Form 1 Chapter 3 Matter

3. Which object has a higher density, the lump of plasticine or the plasticine model boat?

Yang manakah objek mempunyai ketumpatan yang lebih tinggi, ketulan plastisin atau model perahu plastisin?

The lump of plasticine / Ketulan plastisin

4. Why does the plasticine model boat float on the surface of water?

Mengapakah model perahu plastisin terapung di atas permukaan air?

It is
less dense
than water. The plasticine model boat has a bigger volume which is
filled with air, causing its density to be lesser than water.

Model

perahu

plastisin

kurang tumpat

mempunyai isi padu yang lebih besar

daripada

air.

Model

perahu

plastisin

diisi dengan udara, menyebabkan ketumpatannya lebih kurang

daripada air.

5. Explain how a ship which is made of iron floats on the sea waters surface. HOTS
Terangkan bagaimana sebuah kapal yang diperbuat daripada besi terapung di permukaan air laut.

The inner section of the ship has a big space filled with air. Its total density is less than the
density of seawater and so it can float.

Bahagian dalam kapal itu mempunyai ruang yang besar diisi dengan udara. Jumlah ketumpatannya adalah
kurang daripada ketumpatan air laut dan oleh itu ia boleh terapung.
Conclusion

An object that sinks can be modified into object that floats.

Objek yang tenggelam boleh diubahsuai menjadi objek yang boleh terapung.

Menguasai

Belum Menguasai

3.10

Tandatangan Guru: _______________________________

The Properties of Matter and Their Application in Everyday Life

Penggunaan Sifat-sifat Jirim dalam Kehidupan Manusia

Mastery

B6D3E1

Aim

To appreciate the use of properties of matter in everyday life

Menghargai penggunaan ciri-ciri jirim dalam kehidupan harian

1. The students are required to carry out a study about:

Pelajar dikehendaki menjalankan kajian tentang:

(a) Describe how man uses the various states of matter.

Memerihalkan bagaimana manusia menggunakan pelbagai keadaan jirim.

(b) Describe how man applies the concept of density.

Memerihalkan bagaimana manusia mengaplikasikan konsep ketumpatan.

(c) Explain the application of the concept of floating and sinking through activity.

Menerangkan aplikasi konsep timbul dan tenggelam yang berkaitan dengan ketumpatan melalui aktiviti.

2. Divide the students into six groups.

3. Each group is required to present the properties of matter and their application in everyday
life and also make a submarine model which uses the application of the concept of floating
and sinking related to density.

Bahagikan pelajar kepada enam kumpulan.

Setiap kumpulan perlu membentangkan penggunaan sifat-sifat jirim dalam kehidupan harian dan juga membuat
model kapal selam dengan menggunakan konsep timbul dan tenggelam yang berkaitan dengan ketumpatan.
Menguasai

68

Belum Menguasai

Tandatangan Guru: _______________________________

Carry out an activity to explore the applications of the concept of floating and sinking related to density

 Science Form 1 Chapter 3 Matter

Name:

Class:

Date:

3
Q represents

Objective Questions

1. Which of the following is not

matter? B1D3E1

Antara yang berikut, yang manakah

bukan jirim?

A Air

C Light

B Water

D Soil

Udara Cahaya

Q mewakili

A ice.

C alcohol.

B steam.

D kerosene.

ais. alkohol.

stim. kerosin.

2. The following diagram shows two

balloons balanced on a wooden rod.
Rajah berikut menunjukkan dua belon
yang diseimbangkan pada sebatang
kayu. B4D7E1

Semua yang berikut adalah benar

kecuali B4D8E1

A All matter can exist in the

gaseous, liquid, and solid states.
Semua jirim boleh wujud dalam
keadaan gas, cecair, dan pepejal.

B All matter has definite shapes.

Semua jirim mempunyai bentuk
yang tetap.

C All matter is made up of small

and discrete particles.

Semua jirim terdiri daripada zarah

yang seni dan diskrit.

Balloon X
Belon X

Balloon Y
Belon Y

When balloon X is pricked with a
pin, the air inside it escapes, and the
balloon becomes lighter. Why does
the balloon become lighter?
Apabila belon X dicucuk dengan pin,
udara di dalamnya terlepas, dan belon
itu menjadi lebih ringan. Mengapakah
belon itu menjadi lebih ringan?

A Air occupies space

Udara memenuhi ruang

Udara mengembang

5. Which of the following statements

are true of the particles in a gas?

Antara pernyataan berikut, yang

manakah adalah benar tentang zarahzarah di dalam suatu gas? B4D8E1

They are arranged in fixed

positions.

Zarah di dalam gas bergerak

secara rawak.

Udara mempunyai jisim

D Air is light

Udara adalah ringan

3. The following diagram shows the

classification of matter.

Rajah berikut menunjukkan pengelasan

jirim. B3D7E1

Matter / Jirim

III They are very far from one

another.

Zarah di dalam gas berada sangat

jauh antara satu sama lain.

IV They vibrate and rotate only.

Zarah di dalam gas berputar dan

bergetar sahaja.

A II and IV only
II dan IV sahaja

Solid

Liquid

Gas

Water

Steam

Air

Semua jirim menepati ruang dan

mempunyai jisim.

II They move around randomly.

C Air has mass

Cecair

D All matter occupies space and

has mass.

Zarah di dalam gas tersusun pada

kedudukan tetap.

B Air expands

Pepejal

Rajah berikut menunjukkan susunan

zarah dalam suatu bahan. B4D8E1

4. All the following are true except

Air Tanah

Balloon X Balloon Y
Belon X
Belon Y

6. The following diagram shows

the arrangement of particles in a
substance.

Gas

Stim

B I and III only

I dan III sahaja

C II and III only

II dan III sahaja

D I, II, and IV only

I, II, dan IV sahaja

Which of the following substances
has its particles arranged as shown
in the diagram?

Antara bahan-bahan berikut, yang

manakah mempunyai susunan zarah
seperti yang ditunjukkan dalam rajah?

A Steam

C Milk

B Iron

D Sand

Stim Susu
Besi Pasir

7. The following diagram shows

matter in state X changing to state Y
when heated.

Rajah berikut menunjukkan jirim dalam

keadaan X berubah kepada keadaan Y
apabila dipanaskan. B4D8E1

X
Y


Which of the following statements is
true about the particles as the matter
changes from state X to state Y?

Antara pernyataan berikut, yang

manakah adalah benar tentang zarahzarah itu apabila jirim tersebut berubah
dari keadaan X ke keadaan Y?

A The kinetic energy of the

particles decreases.
Tenaga kinetik zarah-zarah
tersebut berkurangan.

B The distance between the

particles becomes further apart.
Jarak antara zarah-zarah menjadi
lebih jauh.

C The particles vibrate faster.

Zarah-zarah bergetar dengan

lebih pantas.

D The size of the particles

increases.

Saiz zarah-zarah bertambah.

69

Science Form 1 Chapter 3 Matter

8. Which statement is true about

particles in a solid?

Substance

Antara pernyataan berikut, yang

manakah adalah benar tentang zarahzarah dalam satu pepejal? B4D8E1

D The arrangement of the

particles are very far.

Susunan zarah-zarah adalah

sangat jauh.

9. Which of the following instruments

can be used to measure density?

Antara alat-alat berikut, yang manakah

boleh digunakan untuk menyukat
ketumpatan?

A Lever balance
Neraca tuas

B Measuring cylinder

Besi

7.9

Minyak

0.8

Merkuri

13.6

Oil

B The particles can slide over

each other.

Zarah-zarah bergetar pada

kedudukan yang tetap.

Ais

0.9

Iron

Zarah-zarah bergerak secara

rawak.

C The particles vibrate at a fixed

position.

Ketumpatan (g cm3)

Ice

A The particles move randomly.

Zarah-zarah boleh menggelongsor

di atas satu sama lain.

Mercury

Given that the density of water is
1.0 g cm3, which substances sink in
water?
Diberikan bahawa ketumpatan air ialah
1.0 g cm 3, bahan yang manakah akan
tenggelam di dalam air?

A Ice and oil

Ais dan minyak

B Ice and iron

Silinder penyukat
Neraca spring

D Hydrometer
Hidrometer

10. Which of the following substances

has the highest density?

Minyak dan merkuri

D Iron and mercury

Bahan

Mass (g)

Jisim (g)

50

20

Stone
Batu

200

160

350

290

560

500

11. The table below shows four

substances with different densities.
Jadual di bawah menunjukkan empat
bahan dengan ketumpatan yang
berlainan. B5D2E1

70

83 cm3
Cork
Gabus
Stone
Batu

12. The correct sequence of steps to

measure the volume of the cork is
Urutan langkah yang betul untuk
menyukat isi padu gabus itu ialah

A
B
C
D

PQ
QP
RQ
QR

Lina mendapati bahawa dia boleh

terapung dengan lebih mudah semasa
dia berenang di laut berbanding di
dalam kolam renang. Ini kerana

A sea water is denser than

swimming pool water.

laut mempunyai isi padu yang

lebih besar.

D sea water is salty.

air laut adalah masin.

15. Which of the following actions will

cause a submarine to sink?

Antara tindakan berikut, yang manakah

akan menyebabkan kapal selam untuk
tenggelam?

Memenuhi tangki balastnya

dengan air.

55 cm3

14. Lina found that she could float

better when swimming in the sea
than in the swimming pool. This is
because

A Filling its ballast tank with

water.

Water
Air

75 cm3

0.4 g / cm3.
0.72 g / cm3.
0.88 g / cm3.
1.39 g / cm3.

C the sea has a larger volume.

Soalan 12 dan 13 ialah berdasarkan rajah

berikut.
Rajah itu menunjukkan beberapa langkah
untuk menyukat isi padu suatu gabus.

Isi padu
(cm3)

A
B
C
D

air kolam renang lebih tumpat

daripada air laut.

Besi dan merkuri

Volume
(cm3)

Gabus dalam rajah tersebut mempunyai

jisim 7 g. Ketumpatan gabus tersebut
ialah B5D2E1

B swimming pool water is denser

than sea water.

C Oil and mercury

Antara bahan-bahan berikut, yang

manakah mempunyai ketumpatan
yang paling tinggi? B3D8E1

13. The cork in the diagram has a mass

of 7 g. The density of the cork is

air laut lebih tumpat daripada air

kolam renang.

Ais dan besi

Questions 12 and 13 are based on the

following diagram.
The diagram shows several steps to
measure the volume of a cork.

C Spring balance

Substance

Density (g cm3)

Bahan

R
R
P
P

B Filling its ballast tank with

compressed air.
Memenuhi tangki balastnya
dengan udara termampat.

C Releasing water from its ballast

tank.
Melepaskan air dari tangki
balastnya.

D Altering the direction of its

propeller.

Mengubah arah putaran kincirnya.

 Science Form 1 Chapter 3 Matter

Structured Questions

1. Diagram 1 shows a round-bottomed flask fitted with two

glass tubes. A balloon is fixed to one glass tube and a
water tap is fixed to the other glass tube.

Rajah 1 menunjukkan kelalang dasar bulat yang dipasang

dengan dua salur kaca. Belon dipasang pada satu salur kaca
dan pili air dipasang pada salur kaca yang satu lagi. B4D7E1

(b) Compare the characteristics of the particles in ice and

steam with those in water by completing the table
below.

Balloon
Belon

Tap
Pili

Ice
Water
Steam
Ais Air Stim

Bandingkan ciri-ciri zarah dalam ais dan stim dengan zarah

dalam air dengan melengkapkan jadual di bawah.

Rubber tube
Tiub getah

Characteristics
Ciri-ciri

Flat-bottomed flask
Kelalang dasar-bulat

(a) Predict what will happen when the tap is turned on.

Ramalkan apa yang akan berlaku apabila pili air dibuka.

HOTS

The water level in the flask will rise and the balloon
will expand / Paras air dalam kelalang akan naik dan
belon akan mengembang.

(b) Explain your answer in (a).

The water from the tap pushes the air that is inside
the flask out of the flask and into the balloon.
Air pili menolak udara keluar dari kelalang dan ke dalam
belon.

(c) What can you infer from the activity?

Apakah inferens yang anda dapat buat daripada aktiviti ini?

Air and water occupy space.

2. Water can change from one state to another as shown
below.

Air boleh berubah daripada satu keadaan ke keadaan yang

lain seperti ditunjukkan di bawah. B4D8E1
Ais

Water
Air

Steam
Stim

(a) Draw the particles in the three different states of

water.
Lukiskan zarah-zarah dalam tiga keadaan air yang
berlainan.

Steam
Stim

Small

Big

Arrangement of
particles

Closely
packed

Loosely
packed

Very
loosely
packed

Susunan zarah

Movement of
particles

Kecil

Besar

Sangat
kecil

Sangat
padat

Only
vibrate
about
fixed
position

Kurang
padat

Move
around
freely

Bergerak
bebas

Hanya
bergetar
pada
kedudukan
yang tetap

Sangat
longgar

Move
around
very
freely
at high
speed

Bergerak
secara
bebas
dan laju.

(c) Based on the characteristics of the three states of

water, what can you generalise about the shape of ice,
water and steam?

Berdasarkan ciri-ciri tiga keadaan air itu, apakah yang dapat

dinyatakan secara umum tentang bentuk ais, air dan stim?

Udara dan air memenuhi ruang.

Ice

Air

Very
small

Pergerakan
zarah

Terangkan jawapan anda di (a).

Water

Spaces between
particles
Ruang antara
zarah

Diagram 1 / Rajah 1

Ice

Ais

Ice is a solid and it has a fixed (definite) shape.

Water is a liquid and it does not have a fixed shape
but it takes the shape of its container.
Steam is a gas and it does not have a fixed shape but it
takes the shape of its container.
Ais merupakan pepejal dan mempunyai bentuk yang
tetap. Air merupakan cecair dan tidak mempunyai bentuk
yang tetap tetapi mengikut bentuk bekasnya.
Stim merupakan gas dan tidak mempunyai bentuk yang
tetap, tetapi mengikut bentuk bekasnya.

71

Science Form 1 Chapter 3 Matter

3. Table 1 shows the densities of five substances, two are

liquids and the rest are solids.
Jadual 1 menunjukkan ketumpatan lima bahan, dua daripadanya
cecair dan yang lainnya pepejal. B5D2E1

Substance

Density (g / cm3)

Bahan

Ketumpatan (g / cm )

Water / Air

1.00

Alcohol / Alkohol

0.79

Cork / Gabus

0.24

Ice / Ais

0.92

Iron / Besi

7.90

(a) If all the five substances were to be placed in a

measuring cylinder, draw a diagram showing their
respective positions after some time.

Jika kelima-lima bahan itu dimasukkan ke dalam suatu

silinder penyukat, lukis suatu rajah yang menunjukkan
kedudukan bahan itu masing-masing selepas beberapa
ketika.

Iron
Besi

Alcohol
Alkohol
Water
Air

(b) State one difference between the particles in the iron

block and those in the water.
Nyatakan satu perbezaan antara zarah-zarah dalam blok
besi dan zarah-zarah dalam air.

The iron particles are packed closely and arranged

in an orderly manner whereas the water particles are
packed loosely and move around randomly.
Zarah-zarah besi tersusun secara padat dan teratur
manakala zarah-zarah air tersusun secara longgar dan
bergerak secara bebas.

72

Menurut teori kinetik, zarah sentiasa bergerak. Bandingkan

pergerakan zarah dalam air dengan pergerakan zarah
dalam ais.

Table 1 / Jadual 1

Cork
Gabus
Ice
Ais

(c) According to the kinetic theory, particles are

constantly moving. Compare the movement of the
particles in water with the movement of the particles
in ice.

The particles in water move around freely but the

particles in ice only vibrate and rotate about fixed
position / Zarah-zarah dalam air bergerak secara
bebas tetapi zarah-zarah dalam ais hanya bergerak dan
berputar pada kedudukan yang tetap.

4. Sherine found a gold ring by the roadside on her way to

school. It weighed 38.6 g and had a volume of
3 cm3.

Sherine terjumpa sebentuk cincin emas di tepi jalan dalam

perjalanannya ke sekolah. Cincin itu mempunyai jisim 38.6 g
dan isi padu 3 cm3. B3D8E1 , B5D2E1

(a) Calculate the density of the ring.

Hitung ketumpatan cincin itu.

38.6 g
Density of ring =
3 cm3
Ketumpatan cicin
= 12.87 g / cm3

(b) If the density of pure gold is known to be 19.3 g /

cm3, what can you conclude about the purity of the
ring? Explain your answer.

Jika ketumpatan emas tulen ialah 19.3 g / cm3, apakah

yang anda dapat simpulkan tentang ketulenan cincin itu?
Terangkan jawapan anda.

The ring is not made of pure gold. This can be

concluded from its density which is less than that of
pure gold, which is 19.3 g / cm3.
Cincin itu bukan diperbuat daripada emas tulen kerana
ketumpatannya kurang daripada ketumpatan emas tulen
iaitu 19.3 g / cm3.