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Chemistry of Life
Objectives:
Explain what makes up matter
Compare and contrast types of bonds
Explain the properties of water based on its molecular structure and hydrogen bonds
Identify carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids as the main types of biomolecules
Explain the conditions needed for chemical reactions to occur
Summarize the roles of enzymes in biological reactions
Compare and contrast the chemical reactions of cellular respiration and photosynthesis
Photosynthesis and Respiration
Objectives:
Explain the types of energy used in cells, and what the ultimate source of this energy is
Summarize the carbon cycle and how an organisms metabolism is related to this
Describe how energy is released in a cell
Compare and contrast the processes of photosynthesis and respiration
Explain how the bonds of ATP are important energy batteries
Define an electron transport chain and describe the two main chains
Describe the role of the Calvin cycle in photosynthesis
Name the three main environmental factors that affect the rate of photosynthesis
Identify the role of light, water, pigments, ATP, NADPH and Carbon dioxide in photosynthesis
List the products of glycolysis and explain the role of each of these products in both aerobic
and anaerobic respiration
Summarize the roles of the Krebs cycle and the electron transport chain during aerobic
respiration
Describe the role of fermentation in the second stage of cellular respiration
Cell Structure, Function and Organization
Objectives:
Explain how cells were discovered
Explain what defines cell shape and size
Calculate surface area to volume ratios and explain how a cells size affects its function
List and describe specific cell features
Summarize how DNA directs the activities of a cell
Sequence the processing of proteins through a cell
Compare the roles of mitochondria and chloroplasts in energy production
Explain what might go wrong in diseased cells
Explain the different alleles that can be passed from parent to offspring
Compare and contrast genotypes and phenotypes
Describe how a Punnett Square is used in genetics
Explain the link between math and Punnett Squares
Sketch and explain a pedigree for at least three generations
Give examples of exceptions to Mendels rules of inheritance
List examples of environmental factors that can influence phenotypic outcomes
Genetic Variation
Objectives:
Describe the scope of population genetics.
Explain how phenotypic variation can be measured.
Relate the number of genes that affect a phenotype to the variation in traits that may exist.
Identify the major source of genetic variation in a population.
Restate the hardy-Weinberg principle in your own terms.
Relate sexual reproduction to evolutionary forces.
Explain why a small population is subject to genetic drift.
Describe the limits of the force of natural selection.
List the patterns that can result from natural selection acting on polygenic traits.
Identify two definitions of species used in evolutionary biology.
Summarize a general process by which one species can evolve into two species.
Relate extinction to changes that occur in the numbers and types of species over time.
Relate the idea of reproductive isolation to the biological species concept.
Human Body Systems
Objectives:
Identify characteristics of stem cells that make them different from other cells of the body
List four types of body tissues, giving an example of each
Explain the relationship between cells, tissues, organs and organ systems
Describe the system used to maintain homeostasis in most of the bodys processes
Name the structures of the respiratory system through which air flows
Identify the muscles that allow for breathing
Compare the transport of oxygen in the blood to that of carbon dioxide
State the causes of bronchitis, TB, lung cancer and asthma
List the main nutrients and a role of each in the human body
Explain the purpose of the digestive system
Distinguish between mechanical and chemical digestion
Explain why the villi in the small intestine are important
Summarize the immune systems job in the human body 24/7
List and explain at least three blood cell types responsible for the immune response
Describe how an antibody works
Explain how a vaccination primes your body for exposure to a disease causing agent
Ecosystems
Objectives:
Describe the difference between an ecosystem and a community.
Explain how an ecosystem responds to change.
Objectives:
Explain how human population affects the environment.
Describe the difference between renewable and nonrenewable resources.
State several nonrenewable resources that are in use today.
State a variety of ways that environmental problems may affect human health.
Identify the affects of air pollution.
Explain how the burning of fossil fuels, such as oil, might lead to climate change.
Identify several sources of water pollution.
Explain why soil erosion is a problem.
List at least four ways that ecosystem disruption affects nature.
Explain how conservation might help endangered species.
Describe three ways you can reduce the use of environmental resources.
Describe how research and technology affect the environment.
Explain how education on the resources that we use can help preserve the environment.
Describe how planning can prevent damage to the environment.
Populations
Objectives:
Explain the importance of studying populations.
Compare exponential growth with logistic growth.
Identify an abiotic factor that affects population.
Explain how science and technology have affected human population growth.
Explain how predator-prey interactions influence both the predator and the prey.
Define the different types of relationships.
Describe two types of relationships in a community.
Explain why an organisms role is important for a community.
Describe one example of how competition for resources affects species in a community.
Explain how predation can help make an ecosystem resilient.
Compare a niche and a habitat
Evolutionary Theory
Objectives:
Describe Darwins relationship to modern evolutionary theory.
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