10 alent voltage source behind an impedance. The major assumptions behind the model are as follows 1. Voltage regulators are not present and manual excitation control is used. ‘This implies that in steady- state, the magnitude of the voltage source is determined by the field current which is constant. 2. Damper cirenits are neglected. 3. ‘Transient stability is judged by the first swing, which is normally reached within one or two seconds. 4, Flux decay in the field circuit is neglected (This is valid for short period, say a second, following a disturbance, ao the field time constant ia of the order of several seconds). 5. The mechanical power input to the generator is constant. 6. Saliency has little effect and can be neglected particularly in transient stability studies, Based on the classical model of the generator, the equivalent circuit of the system of Fig. 2.1 is shown in Fig. 2.2. Here the losses are neglected for simplicity. ze is the total external reactance viewed from the generator terminals. The generator reactance, 25, is equal to synchronous reactance tg for steady-state analysis, For transient analysis, 24 is equal to the direct axis transient reactance 2}. In this case, the magnitude of the generator voltage By is proportional to the field flux linkages which are assuined to remain constant (from assumption 4) E,o Figure 2.2: Equivalent circuit of the system shown in Fig. 2.1 For the classical model of the generator, the only differential equation relates to the motion of the rotor.