To calculate the area, split the cross section of the gutter into two triangles and a rectangle.

Below is a simple ASCII art diagram of how to split the shape up, I hope you can understand it (Only
one of the triangles is drawn for simplicity, the other is the mirror image)
.................w
...............__
\.............|..../
.\............|.../ 10
..\........h.|../
....\..........|./..
....\____|/___
.......10
The area of the gutter is therefore equal to the area of the rectangle plus the area of the triangles.
A = rectangle + 2 * triangle
= 10h + 2 * (1/2 hw)
Using trig work out h and w.
h = 10 sin
w = 10 cos
A = 10h + hw
= 100sin + 100sincos
Differentiate the expression (either use the product rule for sin cos, or write 100sincos as
50sin2 using the double angle formula)
A = 100sin + 50sin2
dA/dt = 100cos + 100cos2
For A to be a max or min the derivative must equal zero
100cos + 100cos2 = 0
cos + cos2 = 0
Use the double angle formula to write cos2 as 2cos^2 - 1
cos + 2cos^2 - 1 = 0
2cos^2 + cos - 1 = 0
This quadratic factorizes:

(2cos - 1)(cos + 1) = 0
This means that
cos = 1/2 or cos = 1
giving:
= pi/3 or = pi
Which means that to achieve the maximum area should be pi/3 = 60 degrees
You can check that this is the max by substituting in these values of theta and the two end points
(theta = 0, theta = pi), and seeing that pi/3 gives the maximum.
The maximum area is therefore
A = 100sin + 100sincos
= 100sin(pi/3) + 100sin(pi/3)cos(pi/3)
= 100 sqrt(3) / 2 + 100 sqrt(3)/2 * 1/2
= 100 * 3/2 * sqrt(3) / 2
= 3 * 25 * sqrt(3)
= 75 sqrt(3)
= 129.9...
= 130 cm^3

The volume of the water carried will be proportional to the cross-sectional area. The cross-section is a
trapezoid with height 10sint, where t represents theta. The top of the trapezoid is 10+(2)(10cost), i.e.
10 + 20cost. The base of the trapezoid is 10.
Area of trapezoid = (average of bases) times (height)
= ([10 + (10 +20cost)] / 2 ) 10 sint
= (10 + 10cost)(10sint)
= 100sint + 100sintcost, call this A(t). You need to maximize. So differentiate and set equal to zero.
dA/dt = -100sin(t)^2+100cos(t)+100cos(t)^2 = 0, divide by 100:
-sin(t)^2 + cos(t) + cos(t)^2 = 0, replace sin^2 by 1-cos^2
2cos(t)^2 + cos(t) - 1 = 0, factor
(1+cos(t))(2cos(t)-1)=0, so
cos(t)=1, t=0 that give a min (zero area) not a max, or

cos(t) = 1/2, so t=60 degrees. This gives the ma