CollinKing

AllieJudd
SaraSachek
AlexRamos
Dutton1st

Conflictinglandclaimsbasedon
explorationandtheireffects

Countries:France,England,Spain,Portugal

CollinFrance

SimilartotheotherexploringEuropeancountries,Franceembarkedon
theirjourneywestwardinhopesoffindingadirectroutetothePacificOcean.
Unfortunately,(orfortunatelydependingonthewayyoulookatit),theFrench
endedupcolonizingavastamountoflandinFloridaandNewfoundlandinstead.
OncetheFrenchreachedthelandoftheAmericasinthemid1500s,they
attemptedtosetupseveralcolonies.However,disease,weather,famine,and
competitionwithothersocietiescausedthesecoloniestofail.
Explorer,JacquesCartier,attemptedtoleadthefirstFrenchsettlementin
whatisnowknownasQuebecCity,with400settlersalongwithhim.Though,the
settlementfailedafterayearduetobadweatherandpossibleattacksfromother
settlersandnatives.Afewothersettlementscameandwent,asdiseaseand
weathermadethecoloniespracticallyuninhabitablefortheFrench.
MuchoftheFrenchsfortuneregardingsettlementschangedinthe
upcoming1600s.In1608,SamueldeChamplainfoundedQuebec.In1634,Jean
NicoletfoundedwhatisnowpresentdayGreenbay.Afewyearslater,inthe
1660s1670s,LouisJollietandJacquesMarquettefoundedSaultSainteMarie
andSaintIgnace,inadditiontoexploringtheMississippiriver.Fromthelate
1600stotheearly1700s,manyFrenchfortsandsettlementsweresetupfrom
theGulfofMexicouptotheGreatLakes.

CollinKing
AllieJudd
SaraSachek
AlexRamos
Dutton1st

AllieSpain

Spain,oneofthemostrecognizedcountriesintermsofexploration,wasonof
thefirsttobeginexploringandclaiminglandintheNewWorld.Christopher
Columbusinstigatedcenturiesofcolonizationandconsequently,confrontationas
hesetsailin1492,"discovering"SanSalvadorandotherislandssuchasHaiti
andCuba.Infurtherexpeditions,hewouldcontinuetobelievehewastraveling
east.
SupportedbyPopeAlexanderII,Spaincontinuedtodominatetheislandsnear
presentdayCentralAmerica.However,notallpowerfulleadersrecognized
Spain'sclaims.InoneofthefirstlanddisputesintheNewWorld,JohnIIof
PortugalaccusedSpainofstealingpreviouslycolonizedland.Hiscasesfellon
deafears,however,asthePopedismissedhisclaims,causingthedisputeto
existuntilacompromisewasformallyarrangedin1494.
MuchofSpain'searlylanddisputes,however,werebetweennativesandthe
conqueringnation.JuanPoncedeLen,oneofthecrewmenonColumbus'
expeditions,wasespeciallyfamousforclashingwithnatives.Afterbeing
removedfromthepositionofgovernorinPuertoRico,heexploredsouthern
Florida.Whilehisfirstexpeditionwasrelativelysuccessfulandpeaceful,Juan
PoncedeLenwaskilledduringhissecondtripasthenativesrefusedto
subjugatethemselvestoSpanishrule.
Asawhole,theconquistadorswereruthlessintheirconquests,demolishing
opposition,asseeninCorts'conquestoftheAztecsandPizarro'sconquestof
theInca.Eventually,SpainheldpowerovermostofCentral,South,andthe
southernregionNorthAmerica.Whiletheirconqueredlandbroughtthemwealth
andstatus,italsobroughthardshipandconflict,ultimatelyresultingintheir
expulsionduringthe18thand19thcenturies.

CollinKing
AllieJudd
SaraSachek
AlexRamos
Dutton1st

AlexPortugal

PortugalandSpainwereamongthemostpowerfulEuropeancountriesat
thetimeofthe"discovery"oftheNewWorld.Beforebeginningformalexpeditions
oftheNewWorld,PortugalandSpainagreedtosplitbetweenthemselvesthe
landoftheNewWorld(withouteverknowingitstruesize).Theeasternsideof
thelandwastobelongtoPortugal,whilethewesternportionwasgiventoSpain.
ThisiswhycurrentdayBrazilwasestablishedasaPortuguesecolony,whilethe
restofSouthAmericaisSpanish.Formally,thesetermswereestablishedinthe
TreatyofTordesillasin1494,shortlyafterChristopherColumbusdiscoveredthe
NewWorld.
LanddisputesoverthePortugueseterritorybeganimmediately.Other
EuropeanpowersstartedtothreatenPortugal'sclaimtotheeasternportionof
SouthAmerica.Portugalrespondedbyorganizingacolonizingexpeditionto
Brazilin1530.Priortothen,Brazilhadbeenrelativelyuninhabitedbythe
Portuguese,giventhatthepeoplewereunwillingtotraveltoaplacewithnothing
toofferthem.
ThenextmajorlanddisputeoverBrazilwouldoccurin1624betweenthe
Brazilians,Portuguese,andtheDutch.Spainprohibitedanycommercial
interactionbetweenBrazilandtheNetherlands,whowassupposedtobe
responsibleforsugarcaneproduction,amajorindustryinBrazil,inthe
northeasternportionofBrazil.ThisledtoaninvasionoftheBraziliannortheast
bytheDutch.Aftermanyconflictsandconfrontations,theDutchwould
acknowledgetheirlossin1661.

CollinKing
AllieJudd
SaraSachek
AlexRamos
Dutton1st

SarahEngland

AfterKingHenryVIIIfoundedthechurchofEnglandin1531,thechurchof
RomeresortedtomilitarytacticsinordertopreventthespreadofProtestantism.
TheHuguenotswereFrenchProtestantswhofacedreligiouspersecution,and
thereforelookeduponthenewworldasasanctuaryforreligiousfreedom.They
plantedasettlementinthe1560sinwhatisnownorthernFlorida,onlytobe
massacredbycatholicSpaniards.TheSpaniardsthenerectedafortinSt.
Augustinebecausetheywantedtoprotectthemselvesfromreprisalsoverthe
massmurders.ThiswasthefirstpermanentsettlementinNorthAmerica.
Bythistime,ElizabethIwasthequeenofEngland.Shewas
proHuguenotsandwastroubledbySpainshostiledominanceintheNewWorld.
TheQueencommissionedtheseacaptain,SirFrancesDuke,tochallenge
SpanishmonopolyintheAmericas.From1577to1580,DrakeraidedSpanish
settlementsinordertoestablishEnglishcolonies.In1585,SirWalterRaleigh
planted107menonRoanokeIsland,alongwithothercolonies.
AnotherlanddisputewasbetweentheEnglishJamestownsettlersandthe
Powhatan(powerfulnativeswithover10,000members).TheEnglishsettled
nearthePowhatan,andcontinuedwithashakyrelationship.Thesettlershad
troublesustainingthemselvesandresortedtoraidingtheindians.Theraids
failed,andtheindianscapturedsomesettlers.