GCSE HEALTH AND

SOCIAL CARE
CONTROLLED
ASSESSMENT PACK
UNIT 2- HEALTH, SOCIAL CARE AND EARLY YEARS PROVISION

Health and Social Care Unit 2 Controlled Assessment Guidance A briefer

brief!
You are going to be given 3 weeks to conduct research for your controlled
assessment. You must look through each of the tasks and identify where
you can get the research from. Once you have got it you MUST keep hold
of it.

Your choice of client- EARLY YEARS or CARE OF

OLDER PEOPLE

1Report
on
your
chosen service.
**Primary and Secondary research required**

TASK

Further Action Required

BEFORE YOU START ANY OF THE TASKS BELOW YOU MUST CREATE
Task 1- Write a report that provides the following:
1. Introduce what your service is and the general service they provide.
2. Write a description of the 6 different services provided by your
chosen service provider.
3. Write a description of two additional services they provide for the
service users accessing the provider.
4. Explain the three sectors that provide health, social care services.
5. Explain which sector your service belongs to and why.
6. Introduce what multi-agency working is.
7. Name two workers within your service and explain with examples
the ways in which they work in a multi-agency team and how this
creates a positive environment for care.
8. Explain with reference to the workers, how they communicate in a
multi-agency way and why this is important to meeting the needs of
your client and other clients.
9. Explain with examples, the difference between universal and
targeted services.

Analysis and
**Primary and Secondary
** Primary and Secondary Task 3- 2 Workers Job
4
4- Care Values
**Primary evidence needed** 2-Service User Profle
Evaluation information required**
Information needed**
Profles

Task 2
Select one local service user who accesses the chosen service
provider from task 1. From the information gathered in your
questionnaire EXPLAIN the following:
2. The reason(s) why your service user accesses the service provision
3. The medical/learning issue that your client has with research to
support the meaning, symptoms, treatment and effects.
4. The current physical, intellectual, emotional and social needs of the
service user
5. How the service provider meets those needs using the services you
discussed above and with multi-agency working
6. The different methods of referral to care services and how your
service user was
7. referred
Task 3
Choose two care workers, one providing direct care and one providing
indirect care for your chosen service user.
Create job descriptions for both care workers which include the
qualifcations and the essential and desirable skills required for the job
roles.
Provide a brief description of what the job roles will involve.
Use both primary and secondary sources of information when completing
this task.
Using examples, explain how your care workers implement the care
values when caring for your chosen service user.
1. Introduce what the care value base is and why it is important for all
care practitioners to use by explaining what each one is and why it
is important to follow.
I.
II.
III.
IV.
V.

promoting anti-discriminatory practice

promoting and supporting individual rights to dignity, independence,
health and safety
promoting effective communication and relationships
maintaining confidentiality of information
acknowledging individual personal beliefs and identity
2. Using the information from your questionnaires and secondary

research, give explained examples of how each of your

professionals use the care values and tell me where you retrieved
he information from.

1. From your research, be critical and evaluate how effective the service
provider is in minimising the barriers to accessing services. (DO NOT
DESCRIBE OR REPEAT!)
2. Evaluate the effects that the client will face if their needs are not met by
not being able to access the service. Be specifc to your client and future
clients.
3. Provide realistic suggestions of what the service provider could do to

Appendixes

Bibliography
and

1. Write down all of the websites, books that you have used in a Microsoft
Word Document. (This will be a document that you have to consistently
update)
2. Your appendix needs to have all of your questionnaires that you have
carried out and any information that you have all of the information you
have gathered and used within your work. (Print outs from websites,
posters, interviews, witness statements.)
Additional leaflets,
Suggestions
Proof read your work. You are marked down for poor SPG!
Work on your presentation.
Font size should be a minimum of 12 and a maximum of 14.
Write in detail. Short sentences and paragraphs will not get you a C and
above.

Edexcel Controlled Assessment Rules

The Controlled Assessment is a pre-written assignment set by the
exam board. Controlled Assessment has to be done under strict
conditions. Your teacher has been instructed by the exam board to
ensure you follow the rules below and will work as an examiner in
the lesson to monitor you and ensure no rules are broken. Any
learner who does not comply with these rules may have their work
Students are not allowed access to the internet during
lessons.
All learners must have a separate login and user name to
prohibit this.
Students are not allowed to talk during controlled
assessment.
Students may use their own notes and research they have
brought to lesson.
All work must be the learners own. Any learner found
plagiarising or directly copying from websites and books may
be disqualifed.
Learners are allowed 22 hours to complete the controlled
assessment.
Teachers are not allowed to assess or mark work. You will
hand in your work on the deadline set and receive your fnal
grade.

Q
ui
ck
re
fe
re
n
ce
to

The following work is a quick reminder of all the topics we have

covered. In lesson, you are allowed to use your own notes,
textbooks, completed workbooks we did in lesson, your own
research you have conducted at home and any information you
have got from talking to the service yourself.

Maslow, a

CARE
NEED
S OF
MAJO
R
CLIEN
T
GROU
PS

To need something means that you cannot live without it. It would
make living very hard and cause a number of negative effects to your
current lifestyle.

To want something means you have dont have to have it on order to

live and survive. It means you would like it but it wouldnt be the end of
psychologist, suggested that we all have needs and that we often dont
realise we have these needs until we have met them.
He developed a hierarchy of human needs and believed that we cannot
reach the top unless all our needs are fulflled.

Abraham Maslow was a psychologist who created a pyramid that

represented the basic needs of every individual. The idea is that
the lower the need on the pyramid, the more an individual needs
it and you cant get to the ones above until you have the ones
below.
Since Maslow suggested this hierarchy, health professionals have decided
that there are 4 main basic health needs: PIES
Physical needs e.g. food, water, shelter, warmth, safety
Intellectual needs e.g. belong, acceptance, friends, group membership,
relationships
Emotional needs e.g. relationships, friendship, affection, esteem
Social needs e.g. stimulating environment, esteem, achievement e.g. work
career

INFANCY NEEDS
Fostering and adoption, if home circumstances prove to be difficult on a
temporary or long-term basis (social need)
Diagnosis and treatment of illness (physical need)
Health monitoring (physical need)
Vaccinations (Physical need)
Childcare, e.g., Nursery, childminder (physical ,intellectual, emotional, social
needs)
Coping with sibling rivalry (emotional need)

CHILDHOOD NEEDS
Diagnosis of illness
Behaviour counselling
Speech therapy
Dietary advice and treatment
Treatment for accidental injury

ADOLESCENT NEEDS
Counselling services when they feel they have issues that are hindering their progress
Information and treatment about contraception
Diagnosis of illness
Dietary advice and treatment
Health advice and planning
Drug and alcohol advice

EARLY AND MIDDLE

ADULTHOOD NEEDS
Having illness diagnosed
Vaccinations /immunisations for
holidays trips
Seeking health promotion advice
Seeking advice about fertility
treatment
Liaising with different agencies
when there is a specific
problem, e.g., depression
following an accident

SERVI
CES

This consists of a very large number of unpaid people who look after
members of their own family, friends or neighbours who have care needs.
There is some funding from the government, but it is limited, the informal
carers begin to struggle to pay for household necessities.
These are informal as they have not had training, are not employed or
paid to provide care.

Informal
Care

Health and social care services are split into 4

sectors. These include: Statutory, Voluntary,
Private & Informal Care

This is made up of care businesses, such as private hospitals, high street

pharmacists and nurseries.
These services usually charge a fee for what they provide and people
believe that they will recieve better care and more specialist services.
They work to make a proft.

This is made up of organisations they provide their care service because they
see a need for them.
These services are separate from the Government.
There is no legal obligation to provide these services. They just want to.
Most are registered charities.
This means that all money to them comes through donations and fund raising,
however they can get small grants by the government.
These care services dont try to make a proft.
They usually recruit unpaid volunteers but sometimes bigger voluntary
organisations also employ and pay some staff to work as care practitioners,
managers and administrative staff.
Most of this sector is made up of people who volunteer to help and dont get
paid.

Private

Voluntary

PEOPLE WITH SPECIFIC NEEDS

Community care e.g., special school for children with learning needs
Hospital care e.g., psychiatric unit
Volunteer services - e.g., Meals on Wheels
Informal carers- e.g., Friends and relatives
Private organisations - e.g., private drug rehab

The Government is responsible for controlling and running this part of

the care system.

Statutory
Care

It includes the NHS and Local authorities (local councils

These provide a lot of health, social care and early year services

Physical care
Medical care /medication,
mobility /aids/care
Support at home
LATER ADULTHOOD NEEDS

What is Primary Care?

What is Secondary Care?

Primary care is the frst point of contact

most people have with the NHS and is
delivered by a wide range of
professionals, including family GPs,
nurses, dentists, pharmacists and
opticians.

Secondary care - also known as acute care

can be either elective care or
emergency care and usually takes place in
an NHS hospital.

This care focuses on the treatment of

routine injuries and illnesses as well as
preventive care, such as services to
help people stop smoking.
Primary care is mostly concerned with a
patients general health needs, but
increasingly more specialist treatments

Elective care means planned specialist

medical care or surgery, usually following
referral from a primary or community
health professional such as a GP.
Examples of elective care include a hip
replacement operation or kidney dialysis.
Elective care patients may be admitted
either as an inpatient or a day case

Key
Terms
Government:
Responsible for making all new laws and
for
rules
Servic
Department
for Health: Decides what needs to be done
and how it will be put into practice; and decides which
service gets
what amount of money.
es
Health Authority: 30 in England and they ensure
Primary Care and NHS trusts provide a quality and
efficient service.
Primary Care Trusts: Commission services from
NHS trusts; Ensure NHS trusts provide services that
are needed by the local population; Manage primary
care services e.g GP surgeries, opticians, dentists
and pharmacists;
Make sure health and social care work together;

NHS Trusts: Self-governing units within the health

service controlled by managers and accountable to the
government. Provide secondary health care services
such as Hospitals, Ambulance services, Mental health

Providers of Health Care

Services
Most of HEALTH care services are provided by the statutory sector. Private sector
organisations also provide some services.

Making sure that health care services are provided is one of the main tasks that every
government has. They make decisions about how statutory health services should be
organised and paid for. The politician that has overall responsibility for this is called
Secretary of State for Health. This person is different in England, Wales, Scotland and
Northern Ireland.

Integrated Childrens Services

These are a new feature of statutory services that have been developed throughout the UK
since the Children Act (2004) was passed. This piece of legislation is a result of a
government policy called Every Child Matters.
ECM put forward the idea of linking together (integrating) all of the services that children
come into contact with.
The importance of this became very clear following the death of Victoria Climbie, an 8 year
old girl, in 2000. Victoria died as a result of severe physical abuse that was caused by her
aunt and her aunts boyfriend who were supposed to be caring for her. Victorias death
occurred despite the fact that care professionals from several different care organisations
had come into contact with her. The fact that the different care professionals who had
concerns about Victoria didnt communicate with each other or take responsibility for
stopping what was happening occurred because of lack of multi-agency and partnership
working.
Integrated childrens services now offer joined up health, social care and education services
to vulnerable children and their families through childrens centres, extended schools, youth
clubs and health care clinics.

A local integrated childrens service will typically:

Be the frst point of contact for all enquiries for children
Receive and make referrals for services for children
Identify, refer and monitor vulnerable children.

Statutory

Primary Health Care

Services
Immunisations
Health visitor services
General health assessment
Flu Vaccinations
Health Promotion
Referral to secondary services
Family Planning/contraception
(Adoelscents/adults)

Statutory Secondary
Health Care Services
Midwifery
Surgery
Radiography
Occupational Therapy
Psychiactric Services
Physiotherapy
Paediatrics
A&E

Informal Care
Services
Giving and
monitoring
medication
Help with mobility
and basic care needs
Treatment of minor
injuries(cuts and
grazes) and illness
(colds etc.)

Private Health Care Services

Opthalmology
Dental Care
Acupuncture
Osteopathy
Physiotherapy
Cosmetic Surgery
Podiatry

Providers of Social Care

Services

Social care is a term used to describe non-medical support and social care services for
people who have personal, emotional or fnancial problems.
National and local social care structures

The secretary of State for Voluntary

Health is the government
politician) who has overall
Social minister
Care (a
Services
responsibility for making sure that statutory social care services are provided. The
Lunch
Clubs
department of Health, which includes the
Social Services
Inspectorate, is part of
government that plans Transport
and manages statutory
social care services.
(Older/Disabled
people)

Interpreters
Advocacy
Acitiviy and Fitness Groups
Day Centres (adults with special
needs)
Domicillary care (older/diabled
people)

Statutory Social Care

Services
Child Protection
(children &
adolescents)
Safeguarding
(Vulnerable adults)
Community mental
health care
Private care
Carer support
Day Care (Vulnerable
children and adults)
Fostering and Adoption

Informal Care
Services
Cooking
Cleaning
Support Groups
Transport
DIY/Decorating
Financial Support
Companionship
Housing

Private Health Care

Services
Domicillary (home care)
Residential Care Home
Cleaning/Shopping
Leisure/Fitness Club
Counselling

Providers of Early Years

Services

Early years organisations and self-employed practitioners like child-minders

provide education and child care services for children under the age of 8.
The aim of these services is to help young people to meet their development
needs.

UK Parliment

Department for
Children,
Schools and
Families
Private Sector
Services

Local Authority
Childrens
Services

Voluntary Early Years

Services
Advice and information
Day care and early
education
Social work
Childminding
Child Protection
Family Support

Private Early Years

Services
Play Groups
Educational Support
Nurseries
Childminders
Creches
Babysitters
Play Centres
Acitivity Groups

Voluntary
Sector Services

Statutory Early Years

Services
Child Protection
Day care and early
education
Social Work
Childminding
Family Support
Family Centres
Carer Support

Informal early years

services
Childminding/Babysitting
Basic Education
Safeguarding
Feeding/Washing
Stimulation through play
Interaction and communication
Transport

Partnership and Multiagency working

Three main ways that this occurs:
Multi-agency panels: in which practitioners employed by a
variety of different care organisations meet regularly as a
panel to discuss service users with complex needs.
Multi- agency teams: in which a group of care
practitioners with different backgrounds are recruited to
form a team that provides assessment, intervention and
monitoring for groups of service users with specifc needs.
Integrated Services: in which a range of separate services
merge together and work in a collaborative way to meet the
board but closely related needs of a particular client group.
The aims of these are to:
Improve access to services not previously available to
service users
Make access to services and care practitioner expertise
easier and quicker
Encourage early identifcation of and intervention in health,
social care and developmental problems
Reduce replication of services
Provide better links between service providers
Provide better quality services
Reduce costs of providing care
Improve efficiency and effectiveness of local care services

BARRIERS TO ACCESSING
SERVICES

Barriers within health, social care and early years services can cause a great amount of
distress to service users. It is important that all barriers are tackled to be overcome to
ensure that the service is accessible to meet each clients needs.
Unfortunately due to funding issues it is becoming more evident that barriers are not
being overcome due to the lack of fnances.

There are 6 types of barriers

Physical
Financial
Psychological
Geographical
Language and Culture
Resource

Physical Barriers
Stairs
lack of lifts
lack of adaptations
no disabled parking
narrow corridors
no wheelchair access
disabled toilet
Psychological
including social stigma
fear of loss of independence
phobias
stress

Financial Barriers
services that are means tested
services that are charged
(specialist medical care) for and
those which have fees attached
(such as dentist and opticians)
Private services

Language and Culture Barriers

differing cultural beliefs
differing frst language
lack of understanding
sensory impairment

Resource Barriers
including staff shortages
postcode lottery
lack of local funding
great local demand
lack of specialist staff
opening times
waiting lists

Geographical Barriers
including distance of services
provider from service user
residence
poor transport links

What are the different types of carer?

Indirect carerA job in a care organisation that involves providing organisational
support rather than face to face contact with service users. An
example of this is a receptionist in a doctors surgery. They are indirect
carers because they do not directly care for the service user but they
help to care for them by booking appointments etc.
Direct CarerA care role that involves the individual/practitioner to directly care with
service users within a care setting. Any job that directly works with the
service user is a direct carer. These include; doctors, nurses, nursery
nurses, social workers, health care assistants, primary school teachers
etc.
Indirect service providerService that is usually externally funded to provide service to assist
direct and indirect services. An example of this could be the catering
services within a school or hospital. They provide a service that cares
for the service user by providing an external service to meet their

Examples of the different types

WORK of workers

ERS
IN
HEALT
H
AND
SOCIA
L
CARE

Direct carers

Doctors
Nurses- Childrens, Adult,
Mental Health
Community nurses
Health visitors
Midwives
Health care assistants
Portage workers
Child development workers
Early years practitioners
Family support workers
Occupational therapists
Physiotherapists
Teachers
Social Workers
Counsellors
Radiologist
Dentist

Indirect carers
Practice managers
Medical receptionists
School reception staff
Catering staff
Care Managers
Residential Care Home
Manager
Indirect services which
are mostly outsourced
to private companies

Cleaners
Catering services
Security
Portering
Waste management
IMPORTANTBuilding &
Maintenance

For your controlled assessment you are required to include 2 workers

within your service and explain their job roles, responsibilities,
personal qualities and qualifcations needed.
You will need to research this and print off job specifcations and
information from NHS Careers and place it in your appendix.
To work towards those higher grades you need research information
from more than one source. Once you have printed it out, go through it
with a highlighter and identify the areas that you will be using and
remember to reference it throughout.
Bare in mind that for all the information you use, you must then
explain how it meets the needs of your chosen client. In addition to
this, you must explain in detail how your workers use the care value
base and how this benefts your client and the effect it would have if
the values were not used properly.

Example of Job Profile

Work Roles & Responsibilities

writing patient care plans;

monitoring pulse, blood

pressure and temperature;

observing and recording the

condition of patients;

checking and administering

drugs and injections;

setting up drips and blood

transfusions;

assisting with tests and

evaluations;

carrying out routine

investigations;

responding quickly to
emergencies;

planning discharges from

hospital and liaising with
Qualifications
You will need a minimum of
fve GCSEs at grade C or
above
(typically
including
English language or literature
and a science subject).
Plus,
two
A
levels
or
equivalent.
However,
some universities may ask
for three A levels.

Skills
Excellent people skills
Good communication
and observation
Ability to answer
questions and offer
advice
Happy to work as part
of a team
Dealing with
emotionally charged

Personal qualities

Care
Compassion
Competence
Communication
Courage
Commitment

General Practice Nurse Job Description and Job

Specification
About Us
Church Street Surgery is located in the town of Dunoon which is a rural/semi-rural seaside
setting and world famous sailing district. It is also ideal for hill walking, fishing, diving and
golf, perfect for the sport orientated person. The practice itself is a large premises which
spans 2 storeys and is located just 20 yards from the Main Street. Currently the practice
works with 2 x 8 session GPs and 2 x 6 Sessions GPs, 2 Practice Nurses, 1 Health Care
Assistant, Practice Manager and 5 receptionists. Attached staff include; a Health Visitor,
Midwife and District Nurses.
Church Street Surgery is the largest practice in Dunoon with approximately 4,800+ patients
on the NHS list.

Job summary
The post holder is responsible for ensuring the delivery of safe and effective nursing care to
the whole practice population. As a member of the GPN team. The post holder is
accountable for his/her own practice.
They will work independently managing their own workload, working closely with the Nurse
Practitioner and GPs to deliver the practice priorities. Clinically, the focus of the role is the
delivery of evidence-based practice for patients with long-term and acute conditions and
management and preventative nursing interventions to all patients. As autonomous
practitioners, the nurse is responsible for the care delivered, demonstrating critical thinking
and skills in clinical decision making. They will work collaboratively with the whole general
practice team to meet the needs of patients, support the delivery of policy and procedures.

Key responsibilities
Clinical practice

Assess, plan, develop, implement and evaluate treatment programmes that promote health
and
well-being
Implement and evaluate individual treatment plans for patients with a chronic disease.
Review medication for therapeutic effectiveness appropriate to patients needs and in
accordance with evidence based practice and national and practice protocols, ideally as an
independent prescriber, initiating and titrating treatments within chronic disease management.
Identify, and manage as appropriate, treatment plans for patients at risk of developing chronic
disease.
Prioritise health problems and intervene appropriately to assist the patient in complex, urgent
or emergency situations, including initiation of effective emergency care
Provide information and advice on prescribed or over-the-counter medication on medication
regimens, side effects and interactions
Support patients to adopt health promotion strategies that promote patients to live healthily,
and encourage principles of self-care
Assess and care for patients presenting with wounds
Support and advise women requesting information relating to family planning needs
Support and manage health needs of women presenting for cervical cytology consultations

Recognise, assess and refer patients presenting with mental health needs in accordance with
the National Framework (NSF) for Mental Health
Implement and participate in vaccination and immunisation programmes for both adults and
children
Advise, support and, where appropriate, administer vaccinations for patients travelling abroad
Accurately record data and read codes from chronic domains and clinics for QOF purposes
Promote and deliver evidence-based care for patients presenting with aural conditions
Assist senior practitioners in providing minor-surgery sessions

Communication

Utilise and demonstrate sensitive communication styles, to ensure patients are fully informed
and consent to treatment
Communicate effectively with patients and carers, recognising the need for alternative
methods of communication to overcome different levels of understanding, cultural background
and preferred ways of communicating
Utilise communication skills to support patients to adhere to prescribed treatment regimens
Anticipate barriers to communication and take action to improve communication
Act as an advocate when representing the patients and colleagues viewpoints to others
Communicate effectively with all members of the multidisciplinary team.

Delivering a quality service

Recognise and work within own competence and professional code of conduct as regulated by
the Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC)
Produce accurate, contemporaneous and complete records of patient consultation, consistent
with legislation, policies and procedures
Prioritise, organise and manage own workload in a manner that maintains and promotes
quality
Deliver care according to the Knowledge and Skills Framework and the National Institute for
Clinical Excellence (NICE) guidelines and evidence-based care
In partnership with other clinical teams, collaborate on improving the quality of health care,
responding to local and national policies and initiatives as appropriate
Participate in the achievement of maximum QOF points for the Practice ultimately resulting in
good standard of patient care.
Evaluate the patients response to health care provision and the effectiveness of care
Support and participate in shared learning across the practice and wider organisation
Understand and apply legal policy that supports the identification of vulnerable and abused
children and adults, being aware of statutory child/vulnerable adult health procedure and local
guidance
Work within policies relating to domestic violence, vulnerable adults, substance abuse and
addictive behaviour, and refer as appropriate

Team working

Understand own role and scope in the organisation and identify how this may develop over
time
Delegate clearly and appropriately, adopting the principles of safe practice and assessment of
competence of those taking on delegated duties
Ensure clear understanding and utilisation of referral mechanisms within the practice
Accept delegation where appropriate, prioritise own workload and ensure effective timemanagement strategies are embedded in own practice
Participate in and support local projects as agreed with the practice management team

Management of risk

Manage and assess risk within the areas of responsibility, ensuring adequate measures are in
place to protect staff and patients
Monitor work areas and practices to ensure they are safe and free from hazards and conform
to health, safety and security legislation, policies, procedures and guidelines
Ensure safe storage, rotation and disposal of vaccines and drugs is undertaken. Where
appropriate, oversee the monitoring, stock control and documentation of controlled drug usage
according to legal requirements
Undertake mandatory and statutory training
Apply infection control measures within the practice according to local and national guidelines
Participate in the local implementation strategies that are aligned to the values and culture of
general practice

Utilising information

Use technology as an aid to management in planning, implementation and monitoring,

presenting and communicating information
Review and process data using accurate Read codes about patients in order to ensure easy
and accurate retrieval for monitoring and audit processes
Manage information searches using the internet and local library databases, for example, the
retrieval of relevant information for patients on their condition
Understand own and others responsibility to the individual organisation regarding the
Freedom of Information Act

Learning and development

Act as mentor to students, assessing competence against set standards as requested and if
appropriately qualified
Assess own learning needs and undertake learning as appropriate
Make effective use of learning opportunities within and outside the workplace, evaluating their
effectiveness and feeding back relevant information
Provide an educational role to patients, carers, families and colleagues in an environment that
facilitates learning

Equality and diversity

Identify patterns of discrimination, take action to overcome this, and promote diversity and
quality of opportunity
Enable others to promote equality and diversity in a non-discriminatory culture
Monitor and evaluate adherence to local chaperoning policies
Act as a role model in good practice relating to equality and diversity
Accept the rights of individuals to choose their care providers, participate in care and refuse
care. Assist patients from marginalised groups to access quality care

Person specification
Criteria

Essential

Knowledge of needs of patients with chronic

disease.
Aware of accountability of own role and other
roles in a nurse led service
Knowledge of health promotion strategies
Awareness of clinical governance issues in
primary care
Knowledge of patient group directions and
associated policy

Clinical skills experience in sexual health.

cervical
cytology,
immunisation
and
vaccination, leg ulcer management, minor
surgery, minor illness/injury, spirometry
chronic disease management.
Change-management skills and ability to
support patients to change lifestyle
Communication skills, both written and verbal
Support and assistance of Health Care
Assistant
Negotiation and conflict management skills
IT skills

Qualifications

Must RGN qualified

NMC registered
5 years post registration experience
Sexual health/family planning certificate.

Independent prescriber
Diabetes certificate
Copd certificate
Asthma certificate
Travel health
Preferable
primary
care/community experience

Other

Flexibility
Enthusiasm
Team player

Positive role model

Knowledge

Desirable

Skills

Ability to identify determinants

on health in the local area
Knowledge of public health
issues in the local area
Awareness of local and
national health policy
Awareness of issues within the
wider health economy
Uses initiative
Works autonomously
Gets on well with people at all
levels
Independent prescriber able to
initiate and titrate medication
within chronic disease.
Ability to analyse and act upon
lab results and consultant
requests, knowing to refer
where appropriate.

CARE
VALUE
BASE

Health and social care services all aim to help people develop or maintain their
independence. Services must achieve a balance on whether or not to get involved
in a person's life, including looking at the risks linked with taking action or not
taking action in that person's life.
You need to understand that care practitioners use guidelines and codes of
practice to empower their clients by using these 5 values.

Promoting anti-discriminatory practice

Promoting and supporting individual rights to dignity, independence,

health and safety

Promoting effective communication and relationships
Maintaining confidentiality of information
Acknowledging individual personal beliefs and identity

You will also gain an understanding of how these care values are reflected in
the behaviour, attitudes and work of care practitioners

All health and social care services work towards helping people either develop or
maintain independence.
The balance between taking action and not taking action:
It can be difficult for care services to achieve the right balance between getting
involved in people's lives or not. Service users and other members of the society could
be put at risk if a service does not take a certain action.

Promoting anti-discriminatory
practice
This Care Value is in place to prevent discrimination against people on the
grounds of race, class, gender, disability, sexual orientation, religion etc.
Anti-discriminatory practice promotes equality by introducing anti-discrimination
policies in care settings.
Every individual is different in some way, because of this it can be easy to think
that some people are better than others or that someones views are right and
another persons is wrong.
It is crucial to remember that people view the world in different ways, and your
thoughts about something can be very different to another persons.
This difference between people is known as diversity and everybody should
value this.
To be able to promote this care value we must;
not show prejudice (being biased), stereotyping or labelling
understanding and valuing the benefts of diversity (diversity means
being different from others)
Having knowledge of the bases of discrimination, such as gender,
race, age, sexuality, disability or social class.
having understanding of your own beliefs and assumptions

IN PRACTICE YOU WILL SEE

Professional care workers must treat
individuals with respect, e.g. calling
a person by their preferred name
and not calling them love or dear.

Allowing individuals to give their

views and opinions is also a way of
encouraging
respect,
e.g.
a
professional carer should give their
full attention when communicating
and employ active listening skills.
They should not cut off in midsentence nor should a sentence be
completed for them unless there is a

When carrying out tasks, the

professional should do so to the
highest possible quality regardless of
race, gender, age etc.
Everyone should receive the same
standard of care.
All individuals should feel they are
valued as a person and that they
have the care workers respect.
Recognise, accept and work with
cultural diversity and difference.

When somebody is discriminated unfairly against someone else it is said they are
prejudiced against that person.
Unfair discrimination is when people are treated unequally or unfairly to other people.
Direct discrimination is when someone is offensive, rude or hostile to a person because
they are different in some way from them.
Indirect discrimination is shown in peoples attitudes towards each other. This type is
much harder to prove because it is not as obvious as direct discrimination.
Positive discrimination happens when a decision is made to pick someone for something
because that person belongs to a certain group of people.

Care workers must adopt an anti-discriminatory approach within their work.

It is a carers role to ensure that their clients backgrounds or circumstances do
not have an effect on the quality of care they receive. Many people believe this
means treating everybody the same THIS IS NOT THE CASE! Each service
user should be treated as an individual, taking into consideration their likes and
dislikes and their beliefs and abilities. This is known as client-centred care.
It is important to remember that being open to the beliefs of other people
around you will give you a broader understanding of the world which we live in.
Care workers must be aware of:

The assumptions that are made about others

The different forms of prejudice people have
The different forms of discrimination that can occur
The ethnic and social backgrounds of their clients
Remember the correct use of language to ensure they do not cause
offence to any service users

Identifying and challenging discrimination

If discrimination is identifed it must be challenged straight away. This

There is a great amount
of legislation
equal opportunities
can be
done in aabout
number
of ways: and anybody
who feels he or she has been discriminated against can take their case to
Ensuring government policies and guidelines are in place and
the Equal Opportunities Commission.

practised in the care setting.

Staff training and development.

Challenging work colleagues who show discriminatory behaviour.
Challenging inappropriate language.
Telling a higher authority.

Maintaining confidentiality of information

Confdentiality is one of the most important yet complicated
rules of communication. All Health and Social Care professionals
e.g. Doctors, social workers and teachers have to maintain
complete confdentiality of their clients information to prevent it
getting into the general public and causing embarrassment and
putting the client at risk of danger. This means that any
information clients give you is private and confdential, this could
be in the form of:
- Verbal
- Written
- Electronic (on the computer)
You need to be aware of what you say to other carers and clients
and also who has access to client fles.
When confidentiality should be breached
Although confdentiality, is a clear right of patients, it is not
absolute.
There are some instances where care professionals may need to
breach confdentiality and other circumstances where there
would be considerable defense if the doctor felt it was in the
patient's or the public's best interests to breach confdentiality.

Giving Information
When dealing with service users carers or other professionals
involved in their care it is important to check people are who they
say they are.
You can ask for proof of identity, or phone back to an office
switchboard to check before disclosing anything.
Any information about a service user that is written down must be
checked for accuracy.
This prevents serious errors and delays in peoples care.

Dangers of inaccurate information

Serious delays in meeting peoples needs

Inability to follow up enquiries
Making mistakes with arrangements for peoples care
Missing meetings or important arrangements
Not providing a professional service to people
Failing to organise services for others properly
Other professional workers not having the right information

Legal Requirements
By Law, The Data Protection Act 1998 covers the confdentiality of
data collected by care agencies
Policies and procedures need to be in place in care organisations
to ensure data is kept in accordance with the law.

Promoting and supporting

individuals right to dignity,
independence,
and
safety
Everybody has the right to havechoice
their own beliefs
and lifestyles,
and
nobody has the right to damage the quality of another person's life.
It is important to realise that rights often come with responsibilities
towards other people.
How to understand this?
Think about the issue of smoking! Every adult has a right to choose to
smoke even though smoking can damage people's health and often
shortens a person's life.
However, smokers do have a responsibility to make sure that their
smoke is not breathed in by other people.

Some Key Terms

Promoting means encouraging.
Supporting means to support.
Dignity is a term used in moral, ethical and political discussions
to signify that human beings have a right to be respected and
ethically treated.
Ultimately this entire Care Value means that service providers
should promote and support the right of independence and

Clients have certain rights when they receive any type of health care, these rights
include the following:

Freedom from discrimination

A right to independence
The right to be respected and to retain one's dignity
Health, safety and security
confidentiality

However people receiving care also have responsibilities, these

include:

Not to discriminate against other service users

To help others to be independent and not to try control other people
Not to interfere with other people or put others at risk
To respect the different beliefs and lifestyles of others
To value and respect others
To keep things safe for others
To respect confdentiality for others

For early years settings this could include:

Give children the OPPORTUNITY to do things for themselves.

Allow children to make CHOICES (as long as its safe).

Support childrens RIGHTS according to the UNCRC (United

Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child) in practice.

Encouraging PARENTS to work with the setting in supporting

the child.

Treating children as INDIVIDUALS and RESPECT them

Example: using their correct name-check pronunciation.

Acknowledging people's personal beliefs

and identities
It is very important that we listen carefully and observe what other people say and do
so we can gain an understanding about other people's cultures and beliefs.
People often feel that their culture and beliefs are being challenged by others
therefore often tend to be reluctant to learn about other people's.
Applying this to care services:
Care services must get to know the clients they work with so they will not make
any false assumptions about them.
It is important to realise that people may belong to the same ethnic group but
might have different religions.
If you are open about other people's life experiences and differences and value
diversity you will get out of your own life.
Employers within care services are more likely to employ somebody who values
diversity for the following reasons:

Non-discriminatory care is effective when all staff value diversity

Good relationships are formed with their colleagues and clients when

staff value diversity

People who value diversity often are creative and flexible within their job
Diverse teams work together well and enjoy working together as they
often have different skills and interests to share with each other

Within a care setting everyone should receive a service which meets their personal
needs. Therefore everyone should not receive the same type of care, clients must be
treated as individuals; taking into consideration their different beliefs, abilities, like
and dislikes. This will enable them to receive the best possible care.

Care practitioners must acknowledge clients personal beliefs and identities by

accepting who they are, even if the care practitioner does not share the same
beliefs.

Promoting effective
communication and
relationships

What is communication?

Passing along INFORMATION from one person to another.

Using a variety of methods to communicate a message.
Sharing and expressing opinions.
A type of media, used to inform the mass public.

Why is it important in H&SC?

To keep vulnerable clients informed about their care and treatment

To allow clients and professionals to talk openly and feely.
To share information about services and rights available.
To set guidelines of expected conduct and manners for staff.

Effective relationships and communication make it possible for

care practitioners to meet many needs of their clients!
Through relationships people express who they are, how they are
feeling, what they are thinking and what their opinions and needs are.
Therefore it very important that care practitioners communicate
effectively with their clients so that relationships can be formed that
empower the clients to feel that they can take part in the decision
Communication is very important to service users as it is vital that their care is
shared with them. Some service users cannot understand verbal
communication, so it is paramount that the information is passed to them in a
way that they will understand.
Effective communication is important in a care practice because service users
need to know important information without any confusion. Also, service users
need to provide care givers with effective communication, so they understand
their problems and needs; this makes sure that they can provide the best
possible care. If effective communication doesnt take place then patients
could feel like they might not feel able to talk to their carer about problems or
issues they may have due to fear of being misunderstood. This could prevent