United States Patent [191

Carlson et al.

[111 3,832,534
[45] Aug. 27, 1974

[54] COMPUTATION OF POWER SYSTEM LOAD

FLOWS AND TRANSIENT STABILITY

[75] Inventors: Norman R. Carlson, Export;

William E. Zitelli, Pittsburgh; Victor
Burtnyk, Monroeville, all of Pa.

[73] Assignee: Westinghouse Electric Corporation,

Pittsburgh, Pa.
May 19, 1972

[22] Filed:

Techniques for the Real-Time Monitoring of Power

System Operations; G. W. Stagg, J. F. Dopazo, O. A.
Klitin, & L. S. Vanslyck; IEEE Transactions on Power
Apparatus and Systems; Vol. PAS-89, No. 4, April
1970, pp. 545-555.
Load Flows Using A Combination of Point Jacobi and
Newtons Methods; Y. P. Dusonchet, S. N. Talukdar,
H. E. Sinnot; IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus

and Systems; Vol. PAS-90, No. 3, May/June 1971, pp.

941-949.
Computer Control of Power Systems, The Engineer,

[21] Appl. No.: 255,167

Oct. 2, 1964.
[52]

US. Cl............. .. 235/151.21, 444/1, 340/1725

[51] Int. Cl...... G06j 1/00, G06f 15/06, G06f 15/56

[58]

Primary Examiner-Malcolm A. Morrison

Field of Search .......... .. 235/15l.21, 150.5, 150,

Assistant Examiner-Edward J. Wise

Attorney, Agent, or FirmE. F. Possessky

235/151.l, 184; 307/18, 19, 20, 24, 30, 31,

52, 62; 444/1; 340/1725
[56]

[57]

References Cited
UNITED STATES PATENTS

3,341,697

9/1967

A load?ow calculator having transient stability analy

sis capability includes a plurality of operational ampli

Kaufman et al. .......... .. 235/1505 X

3,582,628

6/1971

Brussolo . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . ..

3,675,002

7/1972

Mitsui et al....

.... .. 235/184 X

.. 340/1725 X

?er DC circuits for simulation of an electric power

235/1505

3,699,538

10/1972

Van Essen.....

3,701,891

10/1972

Cohn ............................ .. 235/184 X

ABSTRACT

system. The calculator responds to signals representa

tive of predetermined network variables to produce

output signals representative of AC network parame

ters to attain load?ow solutions and provide signal pa

OTHER PUBLICATIONS
Load Flows by Hybrid Computation for Power System
Operations; M. Enns, T. C. Giras, & N. R. Carlson;

rameters for transient stability studies after one or

more transient faults have been imposed on the DC.

circuits.

IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems,

Nov./Dec. 1971, pp. 2540-2547.

6 Claims, 41 Drawing Figures

NORTH

r'9

II

13

EHV(5OOKV so)

-4

I34

5/

(jasLOAD

3%

(20

PHILADELPHIA

L21

12

156
2

47

EHV
l4

BUFFALO

25
D
LOA

EH\;8,
r8

122

MLAM

196

\23

WHEEVLING

9
I

WEST 5*

16

28
LOAD

WASHINGTON

PAIENTEBMIBZTW

3.882.534

SHEET 01 If 23_
NORTH

r'9

II

EHV(5OOKV-3I
3 ' I34

-4

{20

'

47'

III

' a E5LOAD
PHILADELPHIA

IZI
. '

/56

EHV

l4
BUFFALO

26

EHV

LOAD

78,

WASHINGTON

[8

MAJ-AAA;
WW2?
WHEELING

/96

'

19

WEST <----

6
28

LOAD

FIG.I

INJECTION CURRENT VALVES

/

4A

4l-

WA

A/ D
Lemmas

GENERATION

' u

a SVQI

Tm; VA vs

FIG.2 I

0
TRANSMISSION
NETWORK
SIMULATOR

LINES ausss

s rams-"omens

PATENTEWZY'Q"

3.882.534

SHEET
_

F
1,:

308

'

02 0f 23_
BUS

'

'

3w
e

INTEGRATOR

Ep
l

[35.

320

'

I.

4'4. L

ADMITTANCE

Ypq
I

T.

LLINE (p-q)
I323

'

ADMITTANCE

\l
:

YPI'

TEHiEw-n) _

i n

__

I325

'

r324
ADMITTANCE
Y n

\l

FIGB
<

_(Ep_En) 1E" Foe

LLINE (p-n)
LINE OUTAGE SWITCHING
AN

'0

DIGITAL

D/A

COMPUTER

LO

Arg?goe

POWER

gig

AND LINE

VOLTAGE

MODULES

SET POINTS

SOLUTION

so

[E]

MODULES
-

BUS VOLTAGES AND LINE CURRENT

Pps

>

GENERATION

Pp,I

5S

Pp]

FIGI4

6|

EPr

[9+
69

56

,6?

73

ED)

'

5''.

1 74

__B]_o_,

ILL
{ ,

r)

Ep

IergI2

TO BUS-P

ATENTED M182 7 1974

3.832.' 534
sum 03 or 234

E L

FIG? '

PATENTEDAUBNISH

'

3,832,534 _

SHEET '05 or 23_

LINE OUTAGE SWITCHING
A/D BUS VOLTAGE AND
LINE cuRRENT SOLUTIONS

lo
4

413
I D/A

V
DIGITAL

4|2\

ANALOG

POWER

[E]

ANALOG

LINE
4
[1G] MODULES
'

SWING ANGLES

[E]

D/A INFINITE BUS VOLTAGE

LOADS
I

[IT]

RoTATIoNAL vELoITIEs

' [E] 4'

Bus

GENERATOR
MODULES

ANALOG

DYNAMIC

COMPUTER VOLTAGE
'SET POINTS

I
'

, 4|4

_ T?zhAA'rqg

SET POINTS

INFINITE
BUSES

Dcu's FORLOAD ADMITTANCE ADJUSTMENTS

FIG. IO
LINE CURRENT AND

4,31

lBUSVOLTAGE soLuTIoNs mo
D/A [1e]

DIGITAL

COMPUTER

BUS

[4

[E] _

'

'

LINE OUTAGE MI-IIDNEE

SWITCHING
0 ul- 8 [1L]
[E]
[IT]
,4I4

Altai-[35G

ANALOG
_

TIESAND
INFINITE

BUSES
DCU'S LOAD ADMITTANCE ADJUSTMENT

3401
FAULTING I

FAULTING
DEVICE

'

FIG II
'

3.832.534

PATENTEB N162 974

sum as or 23_

6-5
(

w
3

w
3

W NE

4
l
E
i
.

.lwn
M

Ili

1I. !4

Al
.H

362

FAIENIEDmszmn
sum 01- a; 23_

Ekr
450

r457

PAIENIEBAUB27197-4

3,:mf534 2

sum as as 23_
REAL BUS

FIG. I5A.

VOLT INPUT
H3

IMAGINARY
BUS VOLT
INPUT

x33
X23 '

X24

X25

PArimmuszmu

'

'

sum '09 or 23_

3,832,534 ,

3.832.534

PAT?minaucznaz-a
sum

10 0F 23_ .

ALI

AL2

AL4

ALB

AL9
W

AL

019
ALIZ

FIG. ITB

ALI4

PATENTEDAUBZTW

'

3.832.584

sum 12 or 23_

INTRONICS
MULTIPLIER

INTRONICS

MULTIPLIER

PATENIEDMIBZTIQH

3.832.534
sum 5130f. 23_

PH

704

[709

\405 n

SIGNAL

GENERATOR

706; \
l

726

4%

LINE PQ o/

An7H

l [-1

|:/1|4

M75

K107 I

_L__G/o_ BUS P

'

BUS O

J25

LINE
f

W
GENERATOR

BUS

727/

LOAD

BUS

728/

FIG. 20

1*

PATENTEDMIGZT'W

3.882.534
sum 15 or 23_

'

'

D/A INE Bus VOLTAGES

O/A IEI, PM
SET POINTS

7 GENERATOR
I

MODELS

[E]
'
OATA

LINE

[16]

[IT]

SWH-CHING V TRANSFORMER

SSSMNK' "2500 A/O ANALOG

\
SOLUTION

NET '
SIMULATOR
\

982

I
[E]

-_[ll_]

LOAD ADMlTT.

. -

LOAD

SETTINGS

' MODELS

sae\

9a1\

SYSTEM

STUDY

OPERATORS

FIG.24

MODE

HJEDELNSE