oi -_ PRACTICES MANUAL UnitRef.: TVS _——_Datte: June 2010 Pg: 1/60 INDEX 7 PRACTICES MANUAL.. 7 EQUIPMENT DESCRIPTION 7.1.1 Introduction 7.1.2 Description 7.1.3 Practical poss 7.1.4 Accessories 7.1.5 Dimensions and weights. 7.1.6 Required services 12 13 74 18 THEORETICAL BASIS . 7.2.1 Introduction... 72.2 Heat transfer in heat exchangers 7.2.3 Global heat transfer coefficient 7.2.4 Convection Heat transfer coefficient (h) 7.2.5 Obtaining Nusselt Number. 7.2.6 Temperature distribution in heat exchangers .. 7.2.7 Logarithmic average temperature difference .. 7.2.8 Calculation of heat transfer coefficient from heat transfer rate .. 7.2.9 Niw-efectiveness method for a heat exchanger analysis... 7.2.10 Caleulation of heat transfer in stirring vessel heat exc! WARNINGS, MAIN INSTRUCTIONS AND PRECAUTION: PRACTICES. ILETS oe 7.42 Practice 2; Determination of the exchanger effectiveness. NTU method. 7.4.3 Practice 3: Influence of the flow in heat transfer . Calculation of Reynolds number. 7.44 Practice operations. . APPENDIX, 7.5.1 APPENDIX 1:Table of water properties. 7.5.2 APPENDIX 2: Table of unit conversion... |: Influence of vessel water volume on heat transfer in batchPRACTICES MANUAL 7 PRACTICES MANUAL 7.1 EQUIPMENT DESCRIPTION | 7.1.1 Introduction | The EDIBON coil vessel heat exchanger allows for the study of heat | | transfer between hot and cold water flowing through a coil and the cold water This equipment also allows studying of a batch process (heating of a contained in the coil vessel. constant mass of water contained in a vessel). The equipment is constituted by two parts: the base unit and the | carcass and tube exchanger. The base unit performs the following tasks: 1. Water heating. 2. Hot and cold flows Measures. 3. Hot water Pump. 4. Change in the direction of cold water flows. | The coil vessel heat exchanger allows measuring temperatures at the inlet and outlet of the exchanger for cold and hot water. The base unit and the coil exchanger are joined by flexible tubes allowing hot and cold water flow.oe : _ PRACTICES MANUAL oo E P, The interface allows us to visualize on a screen measurements taken while performing a test: temperatures in the exchanger, temperatures of water in the heating tank and water flows. 7.1.2 Description Hot water circuit Hot water flows through a closed circuit. An electrical resistance (AR- 1) immersed in the tank heats the hot water up to a certain temperature (ST-16). ‘The water leaves the tank and is driven by a pump (AP-1). Some water flows into the exchanger and some of it returns to the tank through a bypass. A valve in the bypass regulates hot water flow (AVR-1). Water is cooled along the exchanger, going through a flow sensor (SC-1) when it exits, to later enter the heating tank and thus, restarts the cycle over again. To control and drain the hot water, the circuit is equipped with 3 ball valves: 2 at the base unit (AV-1 and AV-6) and | at the inlet of the exchanger (AV-8). Cold water circuit Cooling water comes from the main net, goes through a flow control valve (AVR-2) and a pressure regulator programmed at 0.5 Bar to avoid any over pressures on the equipment. Then, it goes through a flow sensor (SC-2). Later on water gets into the exchanger, heating up all along it. Water leaves the exchanger and is then led to the drainage system. Cold water may enter the exchanger through both ends depending on the position of the valves (AV-2, AV-3, AV-4 and AV-5) that may allow parallel or countercurrent flow. This configuration can be observed in thefollowing picture or on the sticker of the base unit (see following picture). counter FLOW we PRACTICES MANUAL Date: June 2010 Pg: 4160 i —~9 Oona | aie Fj rs ping setae aa 3 3y —= Y om seo Site r4 St. g . coNNECTHON Figure 1.2.1. COUNTERCURRENT-FLOW AV-2 Valve CLOSED AV-3 Valve OPEN AV-4 Valve | OPEN AV-5 Valve CLOSEPRACTICES MANUAL ) | Unit Ref.: TIVS |___ Date: June 2010 Pg: 5/60 PARALLEL FLOW AV-2 Valve OPEN AV-3 Valve CLOSED AV-4 Valve CLOSED AV-S Valve. OPEN Heat Exchanger The heat exchanger is consists of a vessel and a coil. The vessel contains cold water heated up by a coil within the cold water. Hot water flows through the coil. Also, the water in the vessel is stirred by a propeller that produces an increase in heat transfer while spinning. The exchanger may work in continuous supply or in a batch process. -In batch operations, the mass contained in the vessel remains constant. Once heated or cooled up to a certain temperature the contents may be emptied and filled again to repeat the process. This allows the study of the changes in temperature over time. It also allows us to maintain the fluid’s constant temperature which will be particularly appropriate for the study of many chemicals processes. -With continuous supply: there is a permanent inflow and outflow to the vessel. This is the conventional operation performed by any exchanger. It is a continuous renovation process of the liquid in the vessel.o® . PRACTICES MANUAL The overflowing drainage system that goes through the vessel is a tube that on its upper part allows the cold water flow to exit during the process of continuous supply. The exchanger has 5 thermocouples: 3 for measuring cold water temperature (ST-1 , ST-2 and ST-3) and 2 for measuring hot water temperature (ST-4 and ST-5). Control system The temperature of the water tank is controlled through the resistance power limiting the temperature to 70°C. Cold water flow is regulated by the control valve (AVR-2). Hot water flow is regulated by the pump’s speed variation system and by the regulation valve placed in the bypass (AVR-1). 7.1.3 Practical possibilities 7.1.3.1 Practices with the exchanger operating to continuous supply. Practice 1: Global energy balance in the exchanger and study of losses. Practice 2: Determination of the exchanger output effectiveness. NTU Method. Practice 3: Influence of the flow in heat transfer. Calculation of the Reynolds Number. June 2010 Pg: 6/60PRACTICES MANUAL edice’ : Tl | Pg:7/60 7.1.3.2 Practices with the exchanger operating in batch processes. Practice 4: Influence of the stirring of the vessel on the heat transfer. Practice 5: Influence of the vessel water volume on the heat transfer. 7.1.3.3 Specifications 4 _ co — i 2 2 > < set Ave BYPAS INLET cee Watkee OUDLET _ a ae AVA | ABT (DRAIN VATU Diagram of the equipment base unit: Points numbered 1, 2, 3 and 4 represent the connections of the flexible tubes joining the exchanger to the base unit.PRACTICES MANUAL June 2010 | Pg: 8/60 Identification of available elements in the TIVS unit: ia ‘ST-16 Temperature sensor of the water in the tank ST-1 ‘Temperature sensor of the cold water at the inlet of the exchanger ST-2 Temperature sensor of the cold water inside the vessel | ST-3 Temperature sensor of the cold water at the outlet of the exchanger | ST-4 ‘Temperature sensor of the hot water at the inlet ofthe exchanger _—| ST-5 Temperature sensor of the hot water at the outlet of the exchanger SCI Hot water flow sensor SC-2 Cold water flow sensor AVR-1 Hot water flow regulation valve | AVR-2 Cold water flow regulation valve AN-1 Level switch of the water in the tank | AR-1 Electrical resistance | AB-1 Centrifugal pump for the circulation of hot water AV-2,AV-3, Ball valves of the cold water circuit for setting parallel or counter AV-4 and AV- current flow 5 AV-1,AV-6, Ball valves for draining the pipes AV-7 and AV- 8 AV-9 Ball valve of the overflowing AV-10 Ball valve for draining the vessel Description of the elements constituting the equipment. Heat exchanger « Consists of a pve glass vessel Din = 0.188m Dex = 0.200m * An overflow or pve glass tube that allows the overflowing of thePRACTICES MANUAL. edibg UnitRef.: TVS Date: June 2010 Pg: 9/60 water in the vessel through its upper part to maintain a constant flow during a continuous supply process. A copper coil where hot water flows. Diy = 4.35 mm De = 6.35 mm © An electric stirrer with a propeller-shaped stirring rod and a spin range between 50 and 2000 rpm. A calibrated ruler placed on the surface of the vessel indicating the volume of hot water contained in the vessel. Heating tank Stainless steel tank equipped with: # Electric resistance (AR-1). ¢ Type J thermocouple for measuring water temperature (ST-1). | * Level switch to control the level of the water in the tank (AN-1). Stainless steel cover to avoid the contact with the hot water. A hole on the cover allows us to see the water level and refill the tank. © Draining valve of the water tank. This valve sticks out through a hole on the side plate for ease of use. Pump (AB-1)PRACTICES MANUAL Unit Ref.: TIVS. Date: June 2010 Pg: 10/60 Centrifugal pump with variable velocity adapter. Sensors # Flow sensor: - Flow Electronic transducer with acetaldehyde copolymer body and brass compression joints at both ends. -2 units: one for hot water (SC-1) and another one for cold water (SC- 2). Temperature sensor: -100 mm of length and 4 mm of diameter Type J thermocouple. -6 units: 1 for the water tank (ST-1) 1 for inside the vessel (ST-2) and 4 distributed along the exchanger (ST-1, ST-3, ST-4 and STS) Level Switch -Sheets interrupter and pivoting actuator magnet, packed in waterproofed polymer mouldings. -1 unit to control the level of the water tank (AN-1). Heating system Heater and thermostat with cap for heating the water in the tank (AR- 1. Flow control -2 control valves made of brass to control cold (AVR-2) and hotPRACTICES MANUAL [| Date: June 2010 | | Pg: 14/60 | (AVR-1) water. Control of the direction of cold water flow -4 ball valves that may provide parallel or counter current flow in the exchanger (AV-2, AV-3, AV-4 and AV-5) according to how they are set. This system of variation of cold water flow direction may not be useful for this type of exchanger, since water flow in the vessel will always be | | circular regardless of the input or output due to the stirrer. This system will play carcasses a key role when functioning in other exchangers like concentric tubes, plates or and tubes. ‘Thus, just one configuration (parallel flow) will be used all through the practices performed with TIVS equipment. Draining valves -5 ball valves which allow draining all the pipes (AV-1, AV-6, AV-7, AV-8 and AV-10). 7.1.4 Accessories 4 flexible tubes to join the exchanger with the base unit included in the EDIBON TIVS equipment set.PRACTICES MANUAL Unit WS | Date:June 2010 | Pg: 12/60 7.1.5 Dimensions and weights BASE UNIT Net weight: 30 kg. Height: 400 mm Width: 1000 mm Depth: 500 mm HEAT EXCHANGER Net weight: 20 kg. Height: 500 mm Widt : 1000 mm Depth: 500 mm 7.1.6 Required services Electric supply: 220V 50 Hz (110 V 60 Hz). The correct supply for which the equipment has been designed is indicated on the electric energy connector. Intake of water form the net Drainage for water