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discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: http://www.researchgate.net/publication/3574207

ZETA converter applied in power factor

correction
CONFERENCE PAPER in PESC RECORD - IEEE ANNUAL POWER ELECTRONICS SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE JULY
1994
DOI: 10.1109/PESC.1994.373827 Source: IEEE Xplore

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35

3 AUTHORS, INCLUDING:
Adriano Pres

Ivo Barbi

Universidade Regional de Blumenau

Federal University of Santa Catarina

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Available from: Adriano Pres

Retrieved on: 20 August 2015

ZETA CONVERTER APPLIED IN POWER

FACTOR CORRECTION

ADRIANO PRES
(Oral Presenter)

DENIZAR CRUZ MARTINS

IVO BARBI

POWER ELECTRONICS RESEARCH GROUP

FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF SANTA CATARINA
FLORINPOLIS - SC
BRAZIL

1 - INTRODUCTION

PRIMARY OBJECT:

ANALYSIS
OF
THE
ZETA
CONVERTER
OPERATING
IN
DISCONTINUOUS CONDUCTION MODE FOR POWER FACTOR CORRECTION.

THE MAIN ATTRACTIVE OF ZETA CONVERTER IS THAT IT IS A

NATURALLY ISOLATED STRUCTURE, WHICH ALLOW A REGULATED
OUTPUT VOLTAGE WITH ONLY ONE POWER PROCESSING STAGE.

WITH THE EXCEPTION OF THE ZETA CONVERTER ALL OTHERS

(BUCK, BOOST, BUCK-BOOST, CUK AND SEPIC ) HAVE BEEN EMPLOYED TO
CORRECT THE POWER FACTOR OF POWER SUPPLIES. HOWEVER THEY
HAVE THEIR INTRINSIC LIMITATIONS:

BOOST:
IS NOT NATURALLY ISOLATED
OPERATES ONLY AS A STEP-UP VOLTAGE
IT IS NOT CAPABLE OF PROTECTING ITSELF AGAINST A LOAD
OVERCURRENT OR SHORT-CIRCUIT

CUK AND SEPIC:

ARE NATURALLY ISOLATED AND OPERATE AS STEP-DOWN AND
STEP-UP VOLTAGE, HOWEVER:
DO NOT PROTECT THEMSELVES AGAINST OVERLOAD
AN ADDITIONAL CIRCUIT IS NEEDED TO LIMIT THE INRUSH
CURRENT

BUCK:
IS CAPABLE TO LIMIT THE INRUSH CURRENT AND PROTECTING
AGAINST OVERLOAD, HOWEVER:
FOR POWER FACTOR APPLICATION, THE DC OUTPUT VOLTAGE IS
REFLECTED TO THE PRIMARY SIDE OF THE TRANSFORMER
BLOCKING THE RECTIFIER DIODES
HAS NO FUTURE IN POWER FACTOR CORRECTION APPLICATIONS.

BUCK-BOOST
IT IS THE ONLY CONVERTER CAPABLE OF SATISFYING ALL THE
MENTIONED SPECIFICATIONS SIMULTANEOUSLY.

ZETA
HAS PROPERTIES SIMILAR TO THE FLYBACK CONVERTER
IN SOME PARTICULAR APPLICATIONS IT IS MOST ADVANTAGEOUS
OVER THE OTHER DC-DC CONVERTERS.

2 - PROPOSED CIRCUIT
S1
D2

Vin

Lo

C1

D4

Co

D1
D3

N1

D5

Ro

N2

Fig. 1 - Proposed Circuit.

OPERATION STAGES

i S1

- VC1 +
S1

iLo
Lo

C1

+
Vin

iin

iLm

D1

Lm

Co

Ro

Vo
-

a)First S tage (t0,t1)

S1

- VC1 +

i S1

iLo
Lo

C1

+
Vin

iin

iLm

D1

Lm

Co

Ro

i D1

Vo
-

b)S econd S tage (t1,t2)

S1

- Vc1 +

ilo
Lo

i S1

C1
+

Vin

iin

iLm

Lm

D1

Co

Ro

Vo
-

c)Third S tage (t2,t3)

Fig. 3 - Operation Stages.

THEORETICAL WAVEFORMS

Fig. 4 - The Main Waveforms for a switching period.

Vin
Iin

IS1

VS1

VD1

iLm

iLo

Fig. 5 - The Main Waveforms for a line period.

3 - MATHEMATICAL ANALYSIS
3.1 - LINE CURRENT
THE INPUT CURRENT INCREASES LINEARLY ACCORDING THE
FOLLOWING EQUATION:

Vp sin( wt )
iin ( t )
t
L

(4)

IF WE CONSIDER AN INPUT FILTER TO ELIMINATE THE HIGH

FREQUENCY HARMONICS, THUS:

iin ( t )

Vp D
sin( wt )
L fs

(5)

SO, THE INPUT CURRENT IS A SINUSOIDAL CURVE WITH UNITY POWER

FACTOR.

3.3 - OUTPUT CHARACTERISTIC (G)

Vo D

Vp 2

Ro
L fs

(16)

Fig. 8 - Normalized output characteristic.

WHERE

Ro
L fs

4 - SIMPLIFIED DESIGN PROCEDURE AND EXAMPLE

4.1 - SPECIFICATIONS

- Po = 200W
- Vo = 72V
- vin = 311.sin(w.t) 10%
- fs = 100kHz
4.2 - CALCULATION

Io

Po 200

2 .78 A
Vo 72

Vo
a
3 . 89
Vo
WHERE
SIDE)

VO'=280V

(TURNS RATIO)

(OUTPUT VOLTAGE REFERRED TO THE PRIMARY

THE RELATION OF THE VOLTAGES ARE:

Vpmax 342V ; max

Vpmax
1 . 22
Vo

Vpnom 311V ; nom 1 . 11

Vpmin 280V ; min 1 .0

CRITICAL DUTY CYCLE AND CRITICAL ZETA INDUCTANCE

Dc

1
0 . 45
1 max

min Vpmin Dc 2
Lc
198 H
4 Io fs
CHOOSING THE EQUIVALENT ZETA INDUCTANCE EQUAL TO 75% OF THE
LC, LM=LO' AND KEEPING 2% OF RIPPLE IN THE OUTPUT VOLTAGE, WE
OBTAIN:

Lm Lo 290 H
Lo
Lo 2 19 . 2 H
a

Co 247 F

Co Co a 3800 F
2

5 - EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS

Lo
D2

C1

D3

Cf1

M1

Dg

T1

Rgd

vi

Lf

D1

Cf2

Dgd

Co

Ro

Cgd
D4

D5

Rg

Cg

Fig. 10 - Implemented converter.

320
Amplitude

Vin

240
160
Iin*200

80
0
-80
-160
-240
-320
0.0

4.0

8.0

12.0

Time (ms)

Fig. 11 - Line current and voltage.

16.0

20.0

100

100

Amplitude(%)

Amplitude(%)

80

80

TDH=3.52%
(voltage)

60

TDH=5.94%
(current)
cos =0.9979
FP=0.9961

60

40

40

20

20

12

16

20

24

28 32 36
Harmonic (n)

40

12

16

20

24

28 32 36
Harmonic (n)

Fig. 12 - TDH of the input voltage and current.

(V)
72.8
VCo

72.0
71.2
(V)
72.8

VC1

72.0
71.2
70.4
0.0

8.0

16.0

24.0

32.0
40.0
Tempo (ms)

Fig. 13 - Ripple of the voltage in C1 and Co.

40

(V),(A)
943
786
VS1

629
IS1*100

472
314
157
0
-157
0.0

5.0

10.0
Tempo (ms)

15.0

20.0

Fig. 14 - Switch voltage and current.

(A)
30

iD1

25
20
iS1*3

15
10
5
0
-5
0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0
Tempo(m s)

Fig. 15 - D1 and S1 current.

100

%
80
60
40
20
0

50

100

150

200Po

Fig. 16 - Efficiency curve.

G
0,6
0,5
0,4
0,3
- - - Experimental

0,2
0,1
0,05

___
0,1

0,15

0,2

0,25

Theoretical
0,3

Fig. 17 - Output characteristic.

5 - CONCLUSIONS
BASED ON THE THEORETICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS WE
CAN DRAW THE CONCLUSIONS AS FOLLOWS:
-IN DISCONTINUOUS CURRENT MODE, DRIVEN BY A STANDARD
PWM INTEGRATED CIRCUIT, THE ZETA CONVERTER DRAWN A LINE
CURRENT PROPORTIONAL TO THE INPUT VOLTAGE IN A MANNER
SIMILAR TO THE FLYBACK CONVERTER, WITH NO HARMONIC CURRENT
NEITHER PHASE DISPLACEMENT.
-THE OPERATION IN THE CONTINUOUS CURRENT MODE IS ALSO
POSSIBLE, PROVIDED THAT ACTIVE POWER FACTOR CORRECTION BE
IMPLEMENTED.
-AS THE FLYBACK CONVERTER, THE ZETA CONVERTER
PROVIDES:
ISOLATION,
HIGH POWER FACTOR,
OVERLOAD AND SHORT-CIRCUIT PROTECTION,
LIMIT OF THE INRUSH CURRENT AND
REGULATION OF THE OUTPUT VOLTAGE USING ONLY
ONE ACTIVE SWITCH.

References
1. H. Endo, T. Yamashita and T. Sugiura "A High-Power-FactorBuck Converter", IEEE PESC Records,
pp.1071 -1076 1993
2. N. Mohan, T. M. Undeland and R. J. Ferrara "Sinusoidal Line Rectification with a 100kHz B-SIT
Step-up Converter", IEEE APEC Records, pp.92 -98 1984.
3. M. J. Kocher and R. L. Steigerwald "An AC to DC Converter With High Power Quality Input
Waveforms", IEEE PESC Cnference Records, pp.63 -75 1982.
4. H Le-Huy , J. . Ferriewx and E. Toutain "An AC-DC Converter With Low-Harmonics Input Current",
Second European Conference on Power Electronics and applications, pp.1201 -1207 1987.
5. C. A. Canesin and I. Barbi "A Unity Power Factor Multiple Isolated Outputs Switching Mode Power
Suply Using a Simple Switch", IEEE APEC Records, pp.430 -436 1991.