CORONET

Coronet is the name of the upper margin of the foot, the place where the hair ce
ases and the horny hoof begins.
THE QUARTER
The quarter means a place at the bottom of the wall, say, about one-third the le
ngth from the heel towards the toe.
THE BARS
By the bars we mean the horny walls on each side of the frog, commencing at the
heel of the wall and extending towards the point of the frog.
Any blacksmith or horse-shoer desiring to study more thoroughly the anatomy of t
he horse should procure a book treating on this subject.
HOW TO MAKE THE SHOE
It is only in exceptional cases that the shoer turns or makes a shoe. The shoes
are now already shaped, creased and partly punched, so all that is needed is to
weld on the toe calk and shape the heel calks.
Heat the shoe at the toe first, and when hot bend the heels together a little. T
his is done because the shoes will spread when the toe calk is welded on, and th
e shoe should not be too wide on the toe, as is mostly the case. If the shoe is
narrow at the toe it is easier to fit the same to the foot and get the shoe to f
ill out on the toe. Many smiths cut too much off from the toe. Before the toe ca
lk is driven onto the shoe bend it a little so as to give it the same curve the
shoe has, and the corners of the calk will not stick out over the edge of the sh
oe. Now place the shoe in the fire, calk up. Heat to a good low welding heat, an
d use sand for welding compound. Don't take the shoe out of the fire to dip it i
n the sand, as most shoers do, for you will then cool it off by digging in the c
old sand, of which you will get too much on the inner side of the calk. The same
will, if allowed to stay, make the calk look rough. You will also have to make
a new place for the shoe in the fire, which will take up a good deal of time, as
the new place is not at once so hot as the place from which the shoe was taken;
besides this, you might tear the calk off and lose it. When hot give a couple o
f good blows on the calk and then draw it out. Don't hold the heels of the shoe
too close to the anvil when you draw out the calk, for if you do the calk will s
tand under, and it should be at a right angle with the shoe. Do not draw it out
too long, as is mostly done. Punch the hole from the upper side first. Many firs
t-class horse-shoers punch only from that side, while most shoers