Introduction To Semistructured Data and XML: Chapter 27, Part E Based On Slides by Dan Suciu University of Washington

Introduction to Semistructured
Data and XML

Chapter 27, Part E
Based on slides by Dan Suciu
University of Washington
Database Management Systems, R. Ramakrishnan
Management of XML and

Semistructured Data
Based upon slides by Dan Suciu
Path Expressions
Examples:
Bib.paper
Bib.book.publisher
Bib.paper.author.lastname
Given an OEM instance, the value of a path
expression p is a set of objects
Path Expressions
Bib
&o1
Examples:
paper
paper
book
references
&o12
&o24
references
DB =
author
title
&o43
year
&o44
http
&o70
lastname
&o52
&243
Abiteboul
&25
&96
&o47 &o48 &o49 &o50 &o51

firstname
&o71
Serge
page
author
title publisher
title
author
author
author
&o45 &o46
1997
firstname
&o29
references
author
lastname
first
last
&206
Victor
Vianu
122
Bib.paper={&o12,&o29}
Bib.paper={&o12,&o29}
Bib.book.publisher={&o51}
Bib.book.publisher={&o51}
Bib.paper.author.lastname={&o71,&206}
Bib.paper.author.lastname={&o71,&206}
Database
Management Systems, R. Ramakrishnan
133
XQuery
Summary:
FOR-LET-WHERE-ORDERBY-RETURN = FLWOR
FOR/LET Clauses
List of tuples
WHERE Clause
List of tuples
ORDERBY/RETURN Clause
Instance of Xquery data model
XQuery
FOR $x in expr -- binds $x to each value in

the list expr
LET $x = expr -- binds $x to the entire list

expr
Useful for common subexpressions and for
aggregations
FOR v.s. LET

FOR
FOR$x
$xIN
INdocument("bib.xml")/bib/book
document("bib.xml")/bib/book
RETURN
RETURN<result>
<result>$x
$x</result>
</result>
Returns:
<result> <book>...</book></result>
...
LET
LET$x
$xIN
RETURN
RETURN<result>
<result>$x
$x</result>
</result>
Returns:
<result> <book>...</book>
<book>...</book>
<book>...</book>
...
</result>
Path Expressions
Abbreviated Syntax
/bib/paper[2]/author[1]
/bib//author
paper[author/lastname=Vianu"]
/bib/(paper|book)/title
Unabbreviated Syntax
child::bib/descendant::author
child::bib/descendant-or-self::*/child::author
parent, self, descendant-or-self, attribute
XQuery
Find all book titles published after 1995:
FOR
FOR$x
$xIN
WHERE
WHERE$x/year
$x/year>>1995
1995
RETURN
RETURN$x/title
$x/title
Result:
<title> abc </title>
<title> def </title>
<title> ghi </title>
XQuery
For each author of a book by Morgan
Kaufmann, list all books she published:
FOR
FOR$a
$aIN
INdistinct(document("bib.xml")
distinct(document("bib.xml")
/bib/book[publisher=Morgan
/bib/book[publisher=MorganKaufmann]/author)
Kaufmann]/author)
RETURN
<result>
RETURN<result>
$a,
$a,
FOR
IN/bib/book[author=$a]/title
/bib/book[author=$a]/title
FOR$t$tIN
RETURN
RETURN$t$t
</result>
</result>
distinct = a function that eliminates duplicates

10
XQuery
Result:
<result>
<author>Jones</author>
<title> abc </title>
<title> def </title>
</result>
<result>
<author> Smith </author>
<title> ghi </title>
</result>
11
XQuery
<big_publishers>
<big_publishers>
FOR
$pIN
INdistinct(document("bib.xml")//publisher)
distinct(document("bib.xml")//publisher)
FOR$p
LET
$b:=
:=document("bib.xml")/book[publisher
document("bib.xml")/book[publisher==$p]
$p]
LET$b
WHERE
count($b)>>100
100
WHEREcount($b)
RETURN
$p
RETURN$p
</big_publishers>
</big_publishers>
count = a (aggregate) function that returns the number of elms
12
XQuery
Find books whose price is larger than average:
LET
LET$a=avg(document("bib.xml")/bib/book/price)
$a=avg(document("bib.xml")/bib/book/price)
FOR
$binindocument("bib.xml")/bib/book
FOR$b
WHERE
$b/price>>$a
$a
WHERE$b/price
RETURN
$b
RETURN$b
13
FOR v.s. LET

FOR
Binds node variables iteration
LET
Binds collection variables one value
14
Collections in XQuery
Ordered and unordered collections

/bib/book/author = an ordered collection
Distinct(/bib/book/author) = an unordered collection
LET $a = /bib/book $a is a collection

$b/author a collection (several authors...)
RETURN
RETURN<result>
<result>$b/author
$b/author</result>
</result>
Returns:
<result> <author>...</author>
<author>...</author>
<author>...</author>
...
</result>
15
Collections in XQuery
What about collections in expressions ?
$b/price
$b/price * 0.7
list of n numbers??
$b/price * $b/quantity list of n x m numbers ??
list of n prices
Valid only if the two sequences have at most one element

Atomization
$book1/author eq "Kennedy" - Value Comparison

$book1/author = "Kennedy" - General Comparison
16
Sorting in XQuery
<publisher_list>
<publisher_list>
FOR
FOR$p
$pIN
INdistinct(document("bib.xml")//publisher)
distinct(document("bib.xml")//publisher)
ORDERBY
ORDERBY $p
$p
RETURN
RETURN<publisher>
<publisher><name>
<name>$p/text()
$p/text()</name>
</name>, ,
FOR
FOR$b
$bIN
INdocument("bib.xml")//book[publisher
document("bib.xml")//book[publisher==$p]
$p]
ORDERBY
ORDERBY$b/price
$b/priceDESCENDING
DESCENDING
RETURN
RETURN<book>
<book>
$b/title
$b/title, ,
$b/price
$b/price
</book>
</book>
</publisher>
</publisher>
</publisher_list>
</publisher_list>
17
If-Then-Else
FOR
FOR$h
$hIN
IN//holding
//holding
ORDERBY
ORDERBY$h/title
$h/title
RETURN
RETURN<holding>
<holding>
$h/title,
$h/title,
IF
IF$h/@type
$h/@type=="Journal"
"Journal"
THEN
THEN$h/editor
$h/editor
ELSE
ELSE$h/author
$h/author
</holding>
</holding>
18
Existential Quantifiers
FOR
FOR$b
$bIN
IN//book
//book
WHERE
WHERESOME
SOME$p
$pIN
IN$b//para
$b//paraSATISFIES
SATISFIES
contains($p,
contains($p,"sailing")
"sailing")
AND
ANDcontains($p,
contains($p,"windsurfing")
"windsurfing")
RETURN
RETURN$b/title
$b/title
19
Universal Quantifiers
FOR
FOR$b
$bIN
IN//book
//book
WHERE
WHEREEVERY
EVERY$p
$pIN
IN$b//para
$b//paraSATISFIES
SATISFIES
contains($p,
contains($p,"sailing")
"sailing")
RETURN
RETURN$b/title
$b/title
20
Other Stuff in XQuery
If-then-else
Universal and existential quantifiers
Sorting
Before and After
Filter
Recursive functions
for dealing with order in the input

deletes some edges in the result tree
21
Group-By in Xquery ??
No GROUPBY currently in XQuery

A recent proposal (next)
What do YOU think ?
22
FOR
FOR$b
$bIN
INdocument("http://www.bn.com")/bib/book,
document("http://www.bn.com")/bib/book,
$y
$b/@year
$yIN
IN$b/@year
WHERE
$b/publisher="MorganKaufmann"
Kaufmann"
WHERE$b/publisher="Morgan
RETURN
GROUPBY$y
$y
RETURN GROUPBY
WHERE
count($b)>>10
10
WHEREcount($b)
with GROUPBY
IN
<year>$y
$y</year>
</year>
IN<year>
Equivalent SQL
SELECT
SELECTyear
year
FROM
Bib
FROMBib
WHERE
WHEREBib.publisher="Morgan
Bib.publisher="MorganKaufmann"
Kaufmann"
GROUPBY
GROUPBYyear
year
HAVING
count(*)>>10
10
HAVINGcount(*)
23
FOR
FOR$b
$bIN
$a
$aIN
IN$b/author,
$b/author,
$y
$yIN
IN$b/@year
$b/@year
RETURN
RETURN GROUPBY
GROUPBY$a,
$a,$y
$y
IN
IN<result>
<result>$a,
$a,
<year>
<year>$y
$y</year>,
</year>,
<total>
<total>count($b)
count($b)</total>
</total>
</result>
</result>
with GROUPBY
FOR
FOR$a
$aIN
INdocument(http://www.bn.com)/
document(http://www.bn.com)/bib/book/author,
bib/book/author,
$y
$yIN
IN$a/../@year
$a/../@year
Without GROUPBY
LET
LET$b
$b==document("http://www.bn.com")/bib/book[author=$a,@year=$y]
document("http://www.bn.com")/bib/book[author=$a,@year=$y]
RETURN
RETURN<result>
<result>$a,
$a,
<year>
<year>$y
$y</year>,
</year>,
<total>
<total>count($b)
count($b)</total>
</total>
</result>
</result>
Correct if the GROUPBY is node-identity based

Not equivalent if the GROUPBY is value-based
24
FOR
FOR$b
$bIN
$a
$aIN
IN$b/author,
$b/author,
$y
IN
$y IN$b/@year
$b/@year
RETURN
RETURN GROUPBY
GROUPBY$a,
$a,$y
$y
IN
IN<result>
<result>$a,
$a,
<year>
<year>$y
$y</year>,
</year>,
<total>
<total>count($b)
count($b)</total>
</total>
</result>
</result>
with GROUPBY
FOR
FOR$a
$aIN
INdistinct(document(http://www.bn.com)/
distinct(document(http://www.bn.com)/bib/book/author)
bib/book/author)
$y
$yIN
INdistinct(document(http://www.bn.com)/bib/book/@year)
distinct(document(http://www.bn.com)/bib/book/@year)
Without GROUPBY
LET
LET$b
$b==document("http://www.bn.com")/bib/book[author=$a,@year=$y]
RETURN
RETURN
IFIFcount($b)
count($b)>>00
THEN
THEN
<result>
<result>$a,
$a,
<year>
<year>$y
$y</year>,
</year>,
<total>
<total>count($b)
count($b)</total>
</total>
</result>
</result>
25
FOR
FOR$b
$bIN
$a
$aIN
IN$b/author,
$b/author,
$y
$yIN
IN$b/@year
$b/@year
RETURN
RETURN GROUPBY
GROUPBY$a,
$a,$y
$y
IN
IN<result>
<result>$a,
$a,
<year>
<year>$y
$y</year>,
</year>,
<total>
<total>count($b)
count($b)</total>
</total>
</result>
</result>
with GROUPBY
FOR
FOR$Tup
$TupIN
INdistinct(FOR
distinct(FOR$b
$bIN
INdocument("http://www.bn.com")/bib,
document("http://www.bn.com")/bib,
$a
$aIN
IN$b/author,
$b/author,
$y
$yIN
IN$b/@year
$b/@year
RETURN
RETURN<Tup>
<Tup><a>
<a>$a
$a</a>
</a><y>
<y>$y
$y</y>
</y></Tup>),
</Tup>),
$a
$aIN
IN$Tup/a/node(),
$Tup/a/node(),
$y
$yIN
IN$Tup/y/node()
$Tup/y/node()
LET
$b
=
LET $b = document("http://www.bn.com")/bib/book[author=$a,@year=$y]
RETURN
RETURN<result>
<result>$a,
$a,
<year>
<year>$y
$y</year>,
</year>,
<total>
<total>count($b)
count($b)</total>
</total>
</result>
</result>
26
Without GROUPBY
FOR $b IN document("http://www.bn.com")/bib/book,
$a IN $b/author,
$y IN $b/@year,
$t IN $b/title,
$p IN $b/publisher
RETURN
GROUPBY $p, $y
IN <result> $p,
<year> $y </year>,
GROUPBY $a
IN <authorEntry>
$a,
GROUPBY $t
IN $t
<authorEntry>
</result>
Nested GROUPBYs
27

Introduction To Semistructured Data and XML: Chapter 27, Part E Based On Slides by Dan Suciu University of Washington

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Introduction To Semistructured Data and XML: Chapter 27, Part E Based On Slides by Dan Suciu University of Washington

Încărcat de

Drepturi de autor:

Formate disponibile

Introduction to Semistructured

Data and XML

Database Management Systems, R. Ramakrishnan

Management of XML and

Database Management Systems, R. Ramakrishnan

Database Management Systems, R. Ramakrishnan

&o47 &o48 &o49 &o50 &o51

Database Management Systems, R. Ramakrishnan

Instance of Xquery data model

FOR $x in expr -- binds $x to each value in

LET $x = expr -- binds $x to the entire list

Database Management Systems, R. Ramakrishnan

FOR v.s. LET

Database Management Systems, R. Ramakrishnan

Database Management Systems, R. Ramakrishnan

distinct = a function that eliminates duplicates

Database Management Systems, R. Ramakrishnan

count = a (aggregate) function that returns the number of elms

Database Management Systems, R. Ramakrishnan

Database Management Systems, R. Ramakrishnan

FOR v.s. LET

Database Management Systems, R. Ramakrishnan

Ordered and unordered collections

LET $a = /bib/book $a is a collection

Database Management Systems, R. Ramakrishnan

Valid only if the two sequences have at most one element

$book1/author eq "Kennedy" - Value Comparison

Database Management Systems, R. Ramakrishnan

Database Management Systems, R. Ramakrishnan

Database Management Systems, R. Ramakrishnan

Database Management Systems, R. Ramakrishnan

Other Stuff in XQuery

for dealing with order in the input

Database Management Systems, R. Ramakrishnan

No GROUPBY currently in XQuery

Database Management Systems, R. Ramakrishnan

Database Management Systems, R. Ramakrishnan

Correct if the GROUPBY is node-identity based

Database Management Systems, R. Ramakrishnan

Database Management Systems, R. Ramakrishnan

Database Management Systems, R. Ramakrishnan

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