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Rlnn M. Cloud
Department of Clothing and Textiles, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 2406 1
0013-936X/92/0926-0772$03.00/0
shape
fiber
fiber
fiber bundle
woody core
fiber
fiber
nonwoven web
nonwoven web
specification
abbreviation
cellulosic fiber
cellulosic fiber
cellulosic fiber
cellulosic material
polypropylene
polypropylene
polypropylene
milkweed (60) polypropylene (40)
COT
MW
KF
KC
PP3
PP15
PPW
MP
fineness
(denier)
length, cm
2.3
2.23
3.0
5-10
0.5-1.0
0.5
47.6
3.0
15.0
w t loss, %
API gravity
(60 OF)
viscos
KIN,,, (100 O F )
spec grav
(60 O F )
after 24 h
after 48 h
35.7
34.2
6.3
3.93
6.46
1024 (122 O F )
0.846
0.854
1.027
6.00
7.50
0.04
6.40
10.50
0.04
ca,
50,
40m
a
v
+-
30-
a,
20-
w
a,
5
.--c
.0
10-
0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
a"
30
I2ol
a,
5
.-
'E
10
l
10
20
j
30
40
l
50
60
773
Figure 3. Oil sorption of water-soaked sorbents in the artificial seawater bath containing 10 and 40 g of light crude oil. Key: 0,regular
(40 g of oil); a, water soaked (40 g of oil): El, regular (10 g of oil): ,.
water soaked (10 g of oil).
Table 111. Recovery of Oil and Reusability of Sorbents after Squeezing by Two Rollersa
fiber
oil sorbed
COT
MW
33.2
38.5
26.8
11.3
MP
PPW
first cycle
oil remainingb
second cycle
oil sorbed"
oil remainingb
with Light Crude Oild
27.9 (84)
35.0 (91)
24.6 (92)
9.4 (83)
1.5 (95)
1.2 (97)
1.8 (93)
1.7 (85)
1.3 (95)
1.3 (96)
1.7 (93)
1.6 (83)
oil sorbed'
third cycle
oil remaining'
1.2 (95)
1.4 (96)
1.7 (93)
1.6 (83)
24.5 (74)
32.9 (85)
24.1 (90)
9.4 (83)
'
Units are gram of oil per gram of sorbent. Values in parentheses represent percentage of recovered oil from the sorbent against the
amount of oil sorbed in each cycle. Values in parentheses represent percentage of sorbed oil against amount of oil sorbed in the first cycle.
dAmount, 40 g/500 mL of artificial seawater.
60
1 untreated
2 extracted
COT
UW
PPW
MP
PP3
PP15
Flgure 4. Oil sorption in the oil bath. Key: 0 ,light crude; H,NO. 2
fuel; H, No. 2 fuel extracted; H, No 2 fuel scoured.
MW
Flgure 5. Oil sorption of extracted and scoured sorbents in the artificial
seawater bath containing 40 g of diesel oil. Key: 0,oil; H, water.
Acknowledgments
We acknowledge Placid Refining Co., Natural Fibers
Corp., Hercules, Inc., 3M, and H. Willett & Associates for
supplying crude oil samples, milkweed floss, polypropylene
fibers, polypropylene webs, and kenaf, respectively.
Thanks also go to Y. Chen for laboratory assistance and
G. Simmons for preparing the manuscript.
Literature Cited
(1) Westermeyer, W. E. Enuiron. Sci. Technol. 1991, 25,
196-200.
(2) Melvold, R. W.; Gibson, S. C.; Scarberry, R. Sorbents for
Liquid Hazardous Substance Cleanup and Control; Noyes
776