‘Prog. Age. 8 (1) : 34-38 (2008) Society for Recent Development in Agriculture A STUDY OF ENERGY AUDIT IN RICE PROCESSING MACHINES. ‘S.K. Goyal’, $.V. Jogand™ and A.K. Agarwal*** “Dept. of Agri Engg. & Food Tech., SVBUART, Meerut-250 110 (U.P) “Faculty of Agri Engg., IGKVV, Rajpur-492006 (C.G.) “College of Diary Tech., IGKVV, Raipur-492006 (C.G.) “Corresponding Author Research Scholar, Deptt. of Agri. Engg. & Food Tech., SVBUA&T, Meenit.250 110. ABSTRACT ‘A study was undertaken to determine the energy consumption in post-harvest rice processing operations in selected rice mills at Ralpur (Chhattisgarh). The type of mills Includes parbolled tice mill, raw rice mill, mini rice mill and huller mill. Field experiments on electrical, thermal, ‘manual energy, atc. were done. About 923.92, 36.28, 14.42 and 15.65 KWht energy consumed in parbolled rice mill, raw rice mil, mini rice mill and huller mill, respectively. The operation wise energy consumption of raw and parboiled rice mill was also determined. It was found that the energy consumption in pre-parbolling cleaning 1.34, sosking 527.21, steaming 75.16, drying 271.58, ‘miling 39/75 weighing and bagging 1.67 KWht were required. It was found that about 48-50 per cent of the total electric energy consumed In paddy miling at no-load condition. The milling of Parbolted paddy consumers about 40.65 per cent more energy in comparison to that of raw paddy milling. Key words : Energy audit, rice processing, electrical energy, thermal energy, manual enerpy, raw rice mil, Parboiled rice mill, mini rice mil, huller mill In this modem age, energy plays a key role in the socio-economic development of any courity. The counties like India has primary need to develop strategies to achieve {ood pot suicioncy which are energy efficient. india, cur rerily engaged in planned agricultural development, where, the planners need information on the energy input requie- ments Rice milling industry is the largest agro-based industry in India. About 0 per cent of the paddy is processed into parboiled rice and rest raw rice through nearly 91,000 rice hullers and 43,000 modemized rice mills/huller-cum-shellers ‘stablishments. Rice miling industry is the largest agro- based industry in India. In 1999, India had approximately 1,38,898 rice milling units. The number of hullers was 91.287, shellers 4,538 huller-cur-shellers 8,985 and ‘modemvmoderized rice mill 34,888, respectively (5). Rice Is the staple food for 65% of the population in India. It is the largest consumerd calorie source among the food grains. With a per capita availablity of 73.8kg it meets 31% Of the total calorie requirement of the popuation. India is the second largest producer of rice in the world next to China, The all India area, production, and yield of rice in the year 2003-04 was 42.41 milion hectares, 87.00 milion tonnes and 205tkg/ha, respectively. In India paddy occupies. the first place both in area and production. The Chhattisgarh in a newly bom state known as “rice bow!”. Out ofthe total geographical area of 145.2 milion ha. rice is sown in 40 milion ha. The average yield of rice in Chhattisgarh is 12 ga (1). Energy auait will help to understand more about the areas where the energy is being unknowingly wasted. With this, possible improvements are identified and corrective measures are recommended for adoption of shorvlong term uration so that the over all mil efiency could be im- proved. While doing a clean picture of financial involvement is given for each type of recommended measure supported by pay back period to faciitate the easy adoption. Uniike other agro-based processing industries. there is a death of avilable information on the energy consumption level by the various utities/services of commercial rice mils. From industrial point of view alone, such information is vital for evelopment work plan to acquire better control over populatcion operations and to property appraise energy consumption in production, planning and marketing MATERIALS AND METHODS = Raw rice mill (2 Uh), parbolled rice mill (2 Uh), mini fice mill (05 Yh) and huller mill (0.5 vh) were select for audit of various forms of energy consumption at Raipur (Chhattisgarh). Both, raw rice mill and parbolled rice millGoyal ot ab as were modern rice mill, The parboiled rice mill was faidy modem piant employing, steam bolle, LSU dryer, three polisher and bucket type elevators for conveying the material from one to mext. Commercial grate type fumace \was used for production of thermal energy. The processing techniques adopted in parboled rice mill are given in tablet ‘The study was designed in such a way that each unit ‘operation was studied closely and the energy input deter- ‘mined experimentally. The electrical energy consumption ‘was measured with an electrical energy meter. The energy metor was connected in the electric cicuit of individual machines. The machines were operated for 30 minutes and than observations of electrical energy were taken. There- after, all machines were operated with load for 30 minutes. ‘The net energy consumption was calculated from the di- {erence of an load and no load energy meter readings. In all the above calculations one mar-hr was taken 0.544 Wh (96 MJ) and one woman-hr 0.496 KWh (1.57 MY) (4), About 2/3" of electrical energy is consumed in generat- ing mechanical power to operate conveyers, pumps, compressors and other mechineries. Other appliances as lighting, etc. normally consumed about 15 per cent of total clectricty (3). From all-the outlets each machine, the ‘samples were collected and analyzed for determining cit. forent parameters, as (2). Specific Energy Consumption (KWht) Net Energy Consumption (KW Capacity of paddy hanilied (uhxTime of operation (h) Electrical Energy Ulliztion Index Net Energy Consumption (KWh) ~ Total Eneray Consumption (KWh) RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS : Raw rice mill: Unit wise electrical energy consumption in aw rice mill is shown in Fig.t. The polisher consumes a considerably large amount of 5.07 KWh net electrical ‘energy for processing of one tonne of paddy because it temove the bran from the surface of brown rice. This also shows that aspirator and’ husk blower consumed minimum 0.5 KWH energy. The specific energy consumption was high 5.07 KWwht of polisher and minimum specific energy ‘consumption was 0.39 KWh of separator. Manual energy ‘consumption was 10.46 KWhf, electrical energy consump- tion was 25.89 Kwhf and total energy consumption of rice ‘mill was 96.29 Kwht. The recovery of polished rice was 65 percent and average electrical energy utilization index 0.62. Various types of energy required is given in table 2, Parbolled rice mill : The types and magnitudes of the parameters studied for energy audit of each unit of operation is given in table 3 and 4. There are three stages polishers comprising of vertical abrasice cone type, which consumed major amount of electrical energy at load in this operation (6.94, 6.92 and 6.94 KWh) as compared to the ‘other operations. It is also found that the minimum electrical ‘energy consumed (0.52 KWh) with grader-Il for processing cof one tonne of paddy. Recovery of milled rice was 68% and average electrical energy utilization index 057. Fig 2 shows the electrical energy consumption at load, no load and net energy by each machine. Mini rice mill : The electrical energy consumption in mini rice mill at load was 13.46 KWhit and at no load was ‘8.4 KWn, thus net electrical energy consumption was found to be 5.08 KWh for obtaining one tonne milled ice. The ‘specific energy consumption was 5.0 KWhit and electrical ‘energy utilization index was 0.38. Recovery of milled rice was 68%. Huller mill : Electrical energy in huller for 0.5 uh at load was 13.60 KWh, at no load 8.40 KWh and net electrical ‘energy consumption was 5.40 KWh for one tonne of paddy processing. The specific energy consumption was 5.40 Kwhf and electrical energy utlization index 0.61. Recovery of milled rice was 59%, ‘Measures for reduction of energy losses For reduction in energy losses some measures were ‘suggested which are () motors used should be matching power with machines, (]) machine operators should be skied, (ii) regular inspections of all machines and (v) maintenance of bole, tumace and other machines. CONCLUSIONS : ‘Among all the four types of nce milf cicctical eneray consumption for obtained one tonne miled nce was found to be the highest in parbolled rice mil 48.75 KWh, folowed by raw rice mil 24.32 KWh, huller mill 13.80 KWh whereas, the lowest was found in mini rice mil 13.48 KWh respec- tively. The electrical enegy consumption of raw nice mil, parboiled roe mil, mini rice mil and huller mils were 36.29, 928.92, 14.42 and 15.65 KWh, respectively. About 48-50, per cent of the total electrical energy consumed in paddy miling at no-land condition. The miling of parboled paddy consumers about 40.85 per cont more energy in comparison to that of raw paddy miling,3% A Study of Energy Audit in Rice Processing Machines Table 1 : Processing techniques adopted in parbolled rice mill Operation Machinefeaulpment “Type of energy used Preparboling clearing [Oscllaing type pre-deaner ietieal, manuel Parboiing CCFTAI method, fumace, llr ‘Thermal, electical, manual Soaking Metal drums ‘Thermal, eleccal, manual Steaming Meal drums, lve steams ‘Thermal, manual Dying LLS.U. dyer, beat exchanger, hot at blower “Thermal, elecical, manual Pre-niling Gleaner lectrcal, manual |Mitng |Combinaton of machines for diferent operations |Electical, marual ‘Weighing and bagging [Balance Electeal, mara! (Conveying Bucket type elevators Electical, manual ‘Table 2 : Various type of energy consumption in raw rice mill { Operations: Electrical Energy ‘Manual Energy | _— Consumption (Kw) Consumption (KWH) 377 '8 men, 9 women and a Supervisor (Mistn) was engaged) Iduring processing of paddy 3 @ man-nw=4o 057 3 women = 3.98 Pisting i 70s (Grading 18 Husk blowing 05: [Brawn aspiating 05. ‘Brawn Blowing 5. Elevating 3a2 Sanhr= 16S ‘Weighing and bagging 85 7 2585 _|—— 70a ‘Toual 3629) Table 3: Measured parameters of energy Input at parbolled rice mi _ Measured perameters Magnitude [Electric energy required ‘3. KWh (Quantity of cleaned paddy ‘ost ‘Time required 40 min, ‘Manual labour required __|2 men [Quantty of paddy handled ‘ast | Husk feeding rate +50kgh | ‘Time reqired for heating of water from 25°C to 85°C 38h ‘Time of steaming [Manual labour required oh 2 men ‘Dring (Capaciy of LEU. dryer 12 “ime required isn Husk feedng 50k lectrcal energy required 17.03 KWh | [Manual tabour required 8 men and 4 women | Tain (Quantity of paddy mited zi ° [Electncal eneray required 72.4 kWh } ‘Time required an ‘Manual labour required 5 men and 10 women } [Weighing and begoing [Quantity of roe handled Tat ‘Manual labour required 8 men “Time required an Elactical energy requied 05 kWh _Goyal ot a Table 4: Energy consumption in various operations in parbolled rice mill Electrical Thermal Manual one Total [ Operation cris cn ewe ca 4 Pre partoing caring 116 038 1 [sais - ie E00 ee | a 75.00 ois sie ning : 352 262.50 ost mse | iMaiog 3620 : 355 ws | [Weighing and Baoding (0.50 1a 167 [Giers 7.26 - | [Total ~ 5476 862.50 666 I we E.Catnolced (wR) EEC. ato long, at load and Net EE. Consumption (NR) CCleaner Destoner Shel Musk Separtor Poboher Aeprator Sieve Slave Elevators ower rer Grader ‘Fig. 1. Unitwise electrical energy consumption In raw rice mill for production of one tonne milled raw rice. = ebeams on Meccan hc wrt EEC wie et aR Comin ON Fig. 2. Unitwise electrical energy consumption In parbolled rice mill for production of one tonne milled perbolled rice,s ‘REFERENCES : 1. Anonynous, 2000. Yawing productivity gaps. The Hindu Survey of indian Agriculture. Chennai : 39-40. 2, Bakara, C.K. Dash, S.K. and Majumdar, G.C. 1981 Energy consumption in commercial rice mils. Selected case studies. J. Agricultural Engineering Today, 15 (1-6): 32:98. 3. De, D.2002. Energy audit in agro;processing industry. Course Manual for Winter School on Entrepreneurship Development of Rural Woman through Appropriate ‘A Study of Energy Audit In Rice Processing Machines ‘Agro-processing Technologies. Nov. 12-Dec. 2, 2002 at CIAE, Bhopal, 428-4.45, Mittal, V. K; Mitfal, J.P, and Dhawan KC, 1986. Research Digest on Energy Reqirements in Agricultral Sector. P. A. U., Ludhiana, 159. 3. Singh, G. 2002. Women in agro-processing activities : Indian scenario, Course Manual for Winter Schoo! ‘on Entrepreneurship Development of Rural Woman ‘through Appropriates Agro-processing Technologies, Nov. 12-Dec. 2, CIAE, Bhopal, 1.2.