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Types of Water Based

Muds

Types of Water Based Muds

1, Clear Water.

Fresh water and saturated brine can be used to drill


hard, compacted and near normally pressured
formations.

Types of Water Based Muds

2, Native Mud.

This mud is made by pumping water down the hole


during drilling and letting it to react with
formations containing clays or shale.
The water dissolves clay and returns as mud.
This mud is characterized by its high solid contents
and high filter loss resulting in thick filter cake.

Types of Water Based Muds

3, Calcium Muds.
The swelling and hydration of clays and shales
can be greatly reduced.
Calcium muds are superior to fresh water muds
when drilling massive section of gypsum and
anhydrite.
The swelling of clay is reduced by 50% when the
calcium concentration in water is 150ppm.

Types of Water Based Muds

Calcium muds are classified as .

1, Lime Muds (containing up to 120 ppm soluble


calcium).
2, Gyp Muds (containing up to 1200 ppm of soluble
calcium with greater temperature stability)

Types of Water Based Muds

4,Lignosulphonate Muds.(300F)

This mud type consists of fresh water, chrome or


ferrochrome lignosulphonate, caustic soda, carboxyl
methyl cellulose, or stabilized starch.
This mud is suitable when,
1,
2,
3,

high densities of muds are required( 14lb/gal).


High temperature stability about 250F to 300F.
High tolerance for contamination by drilled solids,
common salt, anhydrite, gypsum and cement is required.
4, low filter loss is required.

Types of Water Based Muds

5, Kcl/ Polymer Mud.(250F)

Kcl/ Polymer muds are provided with,

1, High shear thinning behavior facilitating solid

removal through the shale shaker, desanders and


desilter.

2, high true yield strength


3, Improved borehole stability
4, good bit hydraulics and reduced circulating
pressure losses.

Types of Water Based Muds

6, Salt Saturated Mud.


Salt saturated mud is one in which the water phase is
saturated with sodium chloride.
This mud is suitable for drilling salt domes and salt sections
due to its ability to prevent the hole enlargement.
When used with polymer, salt saturated mud can be used
to inhibit the swelling of shale.
In reservoir section normally salt saturated muds are used
to prevent formation damage as barite can do.

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