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OVER VIEW OF GTG PLANT AND

CONTROL OF TURBINE
MAIN GB COMPRESSOR AUX GB STARTING DE

ALTERNATOR TURBINE & LUBE OIL PUMP


COMBUSTOR
Gas Turbine principle

Heat added
2

Heater
Compressor 3 Turbine

1
cooler 4

Heat rejected
Description

 At point 1 cold gas enter a compressor to raise pressure


 At point 2 the gas passes to the heater where
temperature of gas is raised
 At point 3 the hot gas enters the turbine where it
expands to a lower pressure. The shaft work developed
by turbine flows in two direction.
 At point 4 the exhaust gas flows to cooler where heat is
rejected and gas is restored in initial position
Brayton /Joule cycle

2 3

Pressure

1 4

Volume

Two reversible adiabatic or isentropic processes (1-2 and 3-4)

Two constant pressure processes (2-3 and 4-1)


Rankine cycle

2 3

Pressure

1
4

Volume
1-2 (BFP)
2-3 (Boiler)
3-4 (Turbine)
4-1 (Condenser)
Open cycle gas turbine

Fuel
2

Compressor Combustion chamber 3 Turbine

1
4

Air from atmosphere Product of combustion to atmosphere


Salient points

 The source of energy is normally the combustion of fuel


in air
 In closed cycle, gas turbine also product of combustion
of fuel and air may be passed through the heater
 In open cycle cooler is not required
 The heater is replaced by combustion chamber and fuel
is burnt directly in air stream
Open cycle gas turbine (With heater)
Fuel
Heat exchanger

2 Combustion chamber

Compressor 3 Turbine

1
4
Product of combustion to atmosphere
Air from atmosphere
CONTROL SYSTEM

A control scheme of a gas turbine attempts to control the


following
 SPEED
 TEMPERATURE (COMBUSTOR OUTLET)
 LOAD
 START UP CHARACTERISTICS
 ACCELERATION CONTROL
Above characteristics are achieved by modulating fuel
flow. Control signal ultimately acts on the fuel valve
CONTROL SYSTEM

 SPEED: The speed control loop controls the speed of


the turbine by controlling the fuel flow . Speed control
have speed sensing as input to the controller.
 TEMPERATURE: Materials used in the hot gas path of
gas turbine are stretched much closer to their limits than
any other machine. The control system takes design
temperature of hot flue gas path material as set point.
 LOAD: The control loop takes the MW as the set point.
The control loop also interferes when rate of loading
exceeds a certain point as turbine is loaded fast the
damage of the component may occur
CONTROL SYSTEM

 START UP CHARCTERISTIC: The control


system brings the gas turbine from zero
speed to operating speed using preset level
of fuel flow through automatic sequencing of
control signals to the accessories, starting
device and fuel control system
CONTROL SYSTEM

 ACCELERATION CONTROL: One critical


component of the turbine start sequence is
the acceleration to synchronous speed. A
design acceleration rate must be
maintained throughout start up to limit
stress on turbine parts.
MARK VI CONTROL SYSTEM

 The main function of mark VI control


system are
 Speed control during start up
 Turbine load control during normal
operation on the grid
 Protection against turbine over speed on
loss of load
 Automatic generator synchronization
MARK VI CONTROL SYSTEM

 It runs on PC based work station using MS


window client server architecture.
 HMI provides operator display and control for
mark VI turbine controller
HMI contains a number of product feature
 Dynamic graphics
 Alarm display
 Process variable trending
 Point control display (For maintenance)
 HMI access security
COMMUNICATION

DCS ETHERNET MODBUS DCS ETHERNET GSM

HMI SERVERNODE PLANT DATA HIGHWAY

I/O BOARD

UCVx CONTROLLER UNIT DATA HIGHWAY


MARK VI TMR CONFIGURATION

To other GE
TO DCS
control sys
Backup Protection
Primary Controller < P> PROT MOD
Ethernet < R> CONTL MOD
PS

X
Software < S> CONTL MOD
Voting PS

Y
< T> CONTL MOD
PS
Z
Ethernet- IONet
Primary Controller
 Control
 Protection
 Monitoring
<R>, <S>, <T> are Control processor
Backup Protection
 Emergency over speed
 Synchro check protection
 <X>, <Y>, <Z> are back up processor
MARK VI BOARDS

 I/O Terminal Board


 I/O Board
 Processor Card
 Communication Card
 Protective Processor <X>, <Y>, <Z>
 Rack Power Supply
 Power Distribution Board
MARK VI I/O
General Purpose I/O
 Contact Input
 Relay Output
 Analog I/O
 Thermocouple Inputs
 RTD inputs
Turbine specific I/O
 Vibration Inputs
 Speed Inputs
 Servo channels for control valves (LVDT or LVDR )
 Flame Inputs
 Automatic Synchronizing
MARK VI COMMUNICATION
External Communication
 HMI to Mark VI
 HMI to DCS
Internal Communication
 VCMI & Control processors
 DCMI to I/O boards
 I/O signal flow
 Unit data Highway (UDH)
 Ethernet network between controllers and HMI
 Plant data Highway (PDH)
 Connects HMI server with printers DCS etc
IONET
 IONet is Ethernet network used to
communicate data between the VCMI
communication board in control module,
the I/O boards and three independent
sections of protection module
 IONet also communicate data between
controllers in TMR system
CONTROL SYSTEM TOOLBOX

 Window based application used to configure & maintain


Mark VI control equipment
 Primary function includes
 Graphical based editor for configuring application code
 Block macros and module library support
 Live data block flow diagrams
 On line code change
 On line help files
 I/O configuration & monitoring
 Signal management and signal trending
 Report Generation
PASSWORD ADMINISTRATION

 0-Level: Read only like view, monitor live data


 1-Level: All function allowed in 0-Level and Change
Controller Variables and signals and drive advanced
maintenance like change the value of variable, force
signals in a controller
 2-Level: All function allowed in 0 & 1 Level and full
controller access and drive advanced maintenance like
make code change, download,put in database and get
from data base
 3-Level: Drive Block Area and Menu maintenance like
alter block area and change application menu structure
 4-Level: Fuull Drive access like change GE
parameter,edit hardware
CIMPLICITY

 Cimplicity is a graphical interface made up of


one or more screens used to monitor and control
the turbine operation
 Cimplicity servers allows operator to directly
interface to the mark VI controller (UDH) using
graphical screen
 The cimplicity server interface to the mark VI is
done by the cimplicity project. This project is
controlled by a project file using cimplicity work
bench program
TROUBLE SHOOTING TOOLS

 Finder/Signal Browser

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